DESC:SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING A FAULT IN POWER OUTPUT SUPPLY LINES OF AN AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICTIONS
The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202421002167 filed on 11-01-2024, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to fault detection systems for power supply lines. Further, the present disclosure particularly relates to a system for determining a fault in power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply.
BACKGROUND
Electrical systems, particularly those used in vehicles, industrial equipment, and consumer electronics, frequently rely on auxiliary power supplies to provide stable and regulated power to various subsystems. Monitoring the power output from such supplies enables safe and reliable operation. Auxiliary power supplies often feature multiple output lines, each catering to specific subsystems with specific voltage and current requirements. Making sure the integrity of such outputs is a challenging task, particularly in complex environments where variable loads and fluctuating operating conditions are prevalent. Conventional techniques to monitor power output typically involve basic voltage or current monitoring mechanisms that are often incapable of accurately identifying and isolating fault conditions, especially in systems with multiple outputs. Such systems generally lack real-time monitoring capabilities and the ability to differentiate between transient and persistent faults, which can result in undetected failures and potential damage to connected subsystems.
One commonly used approach for monitoring power output is the implementation of overcurrent protection devices, such as fuses or circuit breakers. Such devices can disconnect the power supply during fault events involving excessive current. However, such systems are limited to detecting only major overcurrent conditions and are unable to identify faults such as overvoltage, undervoltage, or thermal overloads. Furthermore, such devices typically do not offer diagnostic capabilities to provide information about the nature or location of the fault, making them less effective in systems with multiple power outputs. Once triggered, such devices require manual replacement or resetting, which can lead to downtime and increased maintenance costs in operational settings.
Another widely known method involves the use of software-based systems that collect and process data from various sensors distributed across the power supply system. Such methods integrate measurements from sensors monitoring voltage, current, and temperature to detect fault conditions. While such systems provide some degree of fault detection and diagnostics, they are heavily reliant on computational resources and can suffer from latency issues. Such latency often results in delayed fault detection, which can be detrimental in systems requiring real-time responses. Furthermore, such systems are susceptible to inaccuracies caused by noise in the operating environment, such as electromagnetic interference or temperature fluctuations, reducing the reliability of fault detection.
Other techniques include threshold-based mechanisms implemented within power supply controllers. Such methods involve monitoring specific parameters, such as voltage and current, and detecting deviations from predefined thresholds. While such methods are suitable for basic systems, they often lack adaptability for dynamic environments where loads and power demands vary significantly. For example, a system operating with varying loads may require dynamic thresholds for accurate fault detection, which is not achievable with fixed threshold mechanisms. Additionally, such systems are prone to false positives or missed detections due to environmental factors such as voltage spikes, temperature variations, or aging of components over time. The inability of such methods to account for complex operating conditions reduces their effectiveness in ensuring the operational integrity of the power supply.
Further, many existing techniques lack the ability to isolate fault conditions to specific output lines in multi-output auxiliary power supplies. When a fault occurs in one output line, the entire system may be affected due to the lack of granular fault detection and isolation mechanisms. This results in disruptions to other connected subsystems, which may continue to operate without issues. The absence of targeted fault detection and isolation mechanisms also complicates maintenance processes, requiring extensive manual troubleshooting to identify the specific cause and location of the fault.
Moreover, environmental factors such as temperature variations, electromagnetic interference, and vibrations further affect the reliability of conventional fault detection systems. For example, sensors used for monitoring parameters in such systems may provide inaccurate readings under adverse environmental conditions, leading to incorrect fault indications. The effects of such inaccuracies are more pronounced in environments such as automotive systems or industrial machinery, where systems are subjected to harsh conditions over extended periods.
In addition to the challenges of fault detection, conventional systems also lack advanced diagnostic capabilities to differentiate between transient and persistent faults. Transient faults, such as short-duration voltage spikes, may not require corrective actions, whereas persistent faults, such as sustained overcurrent conditions, necessitate immediate intervention. The inability to classify faults appropriately leads to either unnecessary corrective actions or undetected long-term damage to the system.
In light of the above discussion, there exists an urgent need for solutions that overcome the problems associated with conventional systems and techniques for determining faults in power output supply lines of auxiliary power supplies. Such solutions must enable accurate, real-time fault detection, targeted isolation of faults to specific output lines, and diagnostics under varying operating conditions to enable safe and reliable operation of complex systems.

SUMMARY
The aim of the present disclosure is to provide a system for determining faults in an auxiliary power supply of a traction inverter to enable effective operation of electric vehicles
The present disclosure provides a system for determining a fault in the power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply. The system comprises a reference generator generating a reference signal, multiple pairs of a sense resistor and a comparator, and a microcontroller. Each sense resistor monitors an electrical parameter associated with a power output supply and generates a test signal. Each comparator, operatively coupled to a respective sense resistor and the reference generator, compares the test signal to the reference signal to generate a fault indication signal. The microcontroller, operatively coupled to the comparators, receives fault indication signals and analyses the signals to determine a fault condition associated with the power output supply.
In an aspect, each comparator generates the fault indication signal in response to detecting an overvoltage or undervoltage condition of the corresponding power output supply. The comparator makes sure that deviations in voltage beyond the threshold levels are identified accurately.
Furthermore, an isolation unit isolates the faulty output line upon identification of a fault condition in the power output supply. The isolation unit eliminates faulty circuits from affecting the overall operation of the auxiliary power supply.
In an aspect, the microcontroller differentiates between transient fault and persistent fault by analysing the duration of the fault indication signals received from the comparators. The microcontroller uses the time duration of the fault signal to identify whether the fault is temporary or sustained.
In an aspect, the reference generator generates a reference signal having a potential same as the ground of the microcontroller. The reference signal provides a stable and consistent benchmark for comparison.
In an aspect, the microcontroller determines a fault type based on the deviation pattern of the received fault indication signal. The analysis of the signal pattern enables the identification of specific fault types, facilitating targeted corrective actions for the power output supply.
In an aspect, each sense resistor is associated with a resistance value selected based on the type of load connected to the corresponding power output supply. The selection of the resistance value enables accurate signal generation and comparison for different load conditions, enabling effective monitoring of the power output supply.
In an aspect, each sense resistor is associated with a temperature sensor to detect thermal overload conditions and generate a corresponding thermal signal to the comparator to calibrate the fault indication signal. the temperature sensor affirms that thermal faults are identified, and the comparator adjusts the fault indication signal accordingly to reflect accurate fault conditions.
In an aspect, the microcontroller initiates a fail-safe shutdown of the flyback converter upon detecting a fault condition persisting beyond a predetermined threshold duration. The shutdown prevents prolonged fault conditions from damaging the auxiliary power supply, enhancing safety and reliability of the system.
In an aspect, the microcontroller determines a fault threshold for each comparator based on the type of load connected to the respective power output supply. The determination of specific thresholds based on load types assures that fault conditions are detected with precision, avoiding unnecessary triggers for varying load conditions.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for determining a fault in power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply. The method comprises generating a reference signal using a reference generator; monitoring an electrical parameter associated with each power output supply line using a sense resistor to produce a test signal; comparing the test signal from each sense resistor to the reference signal using a comparator operatively coupled to the respective sense resistor and reference generator; generating a fault indication signal from the comparator based on the comparison; receiving the fault indication signals from each comparator using a microcontroller; and analysing the fault indication signals in the microcontroller to determine a fault condition associated with the power output supply.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 for determining faults in the power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for determining a fault in power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic representation of a system for monitoring and managing power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognise that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present disclosure are also possible.
The description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of certain embodiments of a fault determination system for the power output supply lines of an electric vehicle and is not intended to represent the only forms that may be developed or utilised. The description sets forth the various structures and/or functions in connection with the illustrated embodiments; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.
The terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprising”, “comprise(s)”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, system that comprises a list of components or steps does not comprise only those components or steps but may comprise other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or system. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus preceded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or apparatus.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, and which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail.
As used herein, the term "reference generator" refers to a component generating a stable electrical signal that is used for comparison in an electrical or electronic system. The reference signal may be a fixed voltage, a predefined waveform, or any consistent electrical characteristic depending on the specific system requirements. Examples of reference generators comprise voltage references, signal generators, and precision voltage regulators. For instance, a voltage reference can generate a constant voltage level, such as 5V or 3.3V, which is used as a benchmark in electronic circuits. Similarly, signal generators may produce repetitive waveforms like sine, square, or triangular waves that act as a comparative standard for oscillatory signal analysis. Precision voltage regulators are commonly used to maintain consistent voltage levels despite fluctuations in input voltage or load conditions, providing reliable reference signals for fault detection or operational stability.
As used herein, the term "sense resistor" refers to a resistive element that is utilised to monitor electrical parameters such as current or voltage by measuring the voltage drop across terminals. Sense resistors typically have low resistance values to minimise their impact on the circuit while providing accurate measurement data. Examples of sense resistors comprise low-value precision resistors, shunt resistors, and metal strip resistors. In certain designs, PCB traces or conductive films may also serve as sense resistors. In current sensing applications, a sense resistor is placed in series with the load, and the voltage drop across such resistor is proportional to the current passing through said resistor.
As used herein, the term "comparator" refers to an electrical component used to compare two input signals and produce an output signal indicating their relative magnitude. Comparators may be implemented using operational amplifiers or dedicated comparator integrated circuits. Examples comprise operational amplifiers configured in a comparator topology or high-speed comparator ICs. Such a comparator typically produces a binary output, switching between high and low states based on whether one input signal is greater than or less than the other.
As used herein, the term "microcontroller" refers to a compact integrated circuit comprising a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals, enabling control and processing functions in various electronic systems. Examples of microcontrollers comprise AVR microcontrollers, ARM Cortex-M series, and PIC microcontrollers. A microcontroller is typically programmed to execute specific operations such as signal processing, decision-making, and control tasks.
As used herein, the term "fault indication signal" refers to an electrical signal representing the presence of a fault condition in a monitored system. Said signal may be a binary signal in digital systems or a continuous signal in analog systems, depending on the specific application. For example, in digital systems, a high or low state may indicate whether a fault is present, while in analog systems, variations in amplitude or waveform may represent the magnitude or type of fault.
As used herein, the term "fault condition" refers to an abnormal state in an electrical or electronic system that deviates from predefined operational parameters and may impact safety or reliability. Examples of fault conditions comprise overvoltage, undervoltage, short circuits, open circuits, and thermal overloads. Fault conditions may be transient, occurring briefly and resolving naturally, or persistent, requiring external intervention.
As used herein, the term "test signal" refers to an electrical signal generated by a monitoring component, such as a sense resistor, that represents a measured parameter within an electrical or electronic system. Test signals may vary in amplitude, frequency, or waveform based on the monitored parameter and the design of system. For instance, a test signal in a current-sensing application may be proportional to the current flowing through a sense resistor, as determined by the voltage drop across such resistor.
As used herein, the term "isolation unit" refers to a component or circuitry employed to separate or disconnect a faulty segment of a system to prevent such fault from propagating to other sections of the system. Examples of isolation units comprise mechanical relays, solid-state switches, and isolation transformers.
As used herein, the term "flyback converter" refers to a switching power supply topology that transfers energy from an input source to one or more isolated outputs. Such a converter operates by storing energy in a transformer during one part of cycle and transferring such energy to the output during another. Components of a flyback converter comprise a transformer, switching element, and rectification circuitry.
As used herein, the term "deviation pattern" refers to the variation in a monitored parameter, such as voltage or current, over time or in response to specific conditions. Examples of deviation patterns comprise amplitude changes, oscillations, or waveform distortions.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 for determining faults in the power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The system 100 comprises a reference generator 104 that generates a reference signal for use as a benchmark in the detection of fault conditions within power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply 102. The reference generator 104 is implemented to provide a stable and consistent reference signal, which may comprise a constant voltage, a predefined waveform, or another electrical characteristic, depending on the requirements of the auxiliary power supply 102. The reference generator 104 can comprise components such as voltage reference circuits, signal generators, or precision voltage regulators. For instance, the reference generator 104 may generate a constant voltage level (e.g., 5V or 3.3V) used as a comparison standard for fault detection. The reference generator 104 is operatively connected to the comparators 108, which use the reference signal as a comparative standard to evaluate test signals generated by sense resistors 106.
In an embodiment, the system 100 further comprises multiple pairs 106 of a sense resistor 108 and a comparator 110. Each pair 106 is individually associated with a specific power output supply line of the auxiliary power supply 102 to monitor electrical parameters and detect fault conditions in said power output supply line. The sense resistor 108 in each pair 106 is employed to monitor an electrical parameter, such as current or voltage, of the corresponding power output supply line. The sense resistor 108 operates by detecting a voltage drop across the terminals, which corresponds to the measured electrical parameter based on Ohm's law. Examples of sense resistors comprise low-value shunt resistors, precision resistors, and metal strip resistors, which may be selected depending on the specific requirements of the auxiliary power supply 102. The sense resistor 108 generates a test signal representing the monitored electrical parameter and transmits the test signal to the comparator 110 within the same pair 106 for further analysis. The sense resistor 108 is operatively coupled to the comparator 110, facilitating transmission of the generated test signal. The one-to-one relationship, where each power output supply line of the auxiliary power supply 102 is monitored by a dedicated pair 106 comprising a sense resistor 108 and a comparator 110, offers several advantages. The one-to-one relationship enables efficient and independent monitoring of each power output supply line, allowing for accurate detection and analysis of electrical parameters such as current or voltage. By assigning each supply line to an individual pair 106, the system enhances reliability by reducing the risk of interference or crosstalk between lines. Furthermore, the dedicated pairing enables the customized selection of sense resistors 108 and comparators 110 based on the specific requirements of each power output supply line, thereby optimizing performance and sensitivity. The modular design simplifies fault diagnosis and maintenance, as any issue can be quickly identified and localized to a specific line. Additionally, the scalability of this design facilitates integration of additional pairs 106 for expanding the auxiliary power supply system 102. Overall, this approach improves accuracy, reliability, and flexibility in monitoring and protecting the power output supply lines.
In an embodiment, each comparator 110, within respective pair 106, is operatively coupled to a sense resistor 108 and the reference generator 104. The comparator 110 receives the test signal from the sense resistor 108 and the reference signal from the reference generator 104. The comparator 110 compares the test signal against the reference signal to identify deviations that may indicate the presence of a fault condition in the corresponding power output supply line. Comparators 108 are commonly implemented using operational amplifiers configured in comparator mode or dedicated comparator integrated circuits. The output of the comparator 110 is a fault indication signal, which indicates whether the monitored electrical parameter deviates from acceptable thresholds. Such deviations may correspond to fault conditions such as overvoltage or undervoltage in the power output supply line. For instance, a comparator 110 may generate a high fault indication signal if the test signal from the sense resistor 108 exceeds the reference signal, indicating an overvoltage condition. The fault indication signal generated by each comparator 110 is transmitted to a microcontroller 112 for further processing and analysis.
In an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a microcontroller 112 operatively coupled to each comparator 110 to receive fault indication signals generated by the comparators 108. The microcontroller 112 processes and analyses the received fault indication signals to determine the presence and type of fault condition associated with the power output supply lines of the auxiliary power supply 102. The microcontroller 112 may also differentiate between transient faults, which are brief and self-resolving, and persistent faults, which persist for longer durations and may require corrective action. The microcontroller 112 performs the differentiation by analysing the duration of the fault indication signals received from the comparators 108. For instance, a fault indication signal persisting beyond a predetermined threshold duration may be classified as a persistent fault. Additionally, the microcontroller 112 may analyse deviation patterns in the received fault indication signals to identify the type of fault condition, such as overvoltage, undervoltage, or thermal overload. Based on the analysis, the microcontroller 112 can initiate appropriate corrective actions, such as isolating faulty output lines, initiating fail-safe shutdowns, or notifying external systems of the identified fault condition. The microcontroller 112 is implemented as a compact integrated circuit that comprises a processor, memory, and input/output interfaces, which facilitate operation in controlling and managing the fault detection system of the auxiliary power supply 102. Examples of microcontrollers comprise AVR microcontrollers, ARM Cortex-M series microcontrollers, and PIC microcontrollers, among others. The microcontroller 112 operates in conjunction with the sense resistors 106, comparators 108, and reference generator 104 to enable monitoring and fault detection in the auxiliary power supply 102.
In an exemplary aspect, the system 100 relates to monitoring and detecting faults in the power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply 102 used in an electric vehicle. The auxiliary power supply 102 provides power to various subsystems of the electric vehicle, including the infotainment system, interior lighting, battery management system (BMS), climate control system, and power steering. Each of the subsystems operates at specific voltage and current requirements, and reliable power delivery is essential for the proper functioning of the electric vehicle. The system 100 is implemented to identify fault conditions, such as overvoltage, undervoltage, or thermal overload, in the power output supply lines.
The auxiliary power supply 102 comprises four power output supply lines connected to the following subsystems: an infotainment system requiring 12V and drawing a current of 3A, interior lighting requiring 5V and drawing a current of 2A, the battery management system requiring 24V and drawing a current of 5A, and the power steering system requiring 48V and drawing a current of 10A. The system 100 comprises a reference generator 104, four pairs 106 of sense resistors 108 and comparators 108, and a microcontroller 110.
The reference generator 104 generates a stable reference voltage of 5V, which serves as the benchmark for detecting faults in the power output supply lines. Each sense resistor 108 in the pairs 106 is selected based on the current requirements of the corresponding subsystem. For example, the sense resistor 108 for the infotainment system output line has a resistance of 0.0167?, producing a test signal of 0.05V under normal operating conditions. Similarly, the sense resistor 108 for the interior lighting output line has a resistance of 0.025?, generating a test signal of 0.05V. The sense resistor 108 for the battery management system output line has a resistance of 0.01?, producing a test signal of 0.05V, while the sense resistor 108 for the power steering system output line has a resistance of 0.005?, generating a test signal of 0.05V.
Each comparator 110 is operatively coupled to a sense resistor 108 and the reference generator 104. The comparator 110 compares the test signal generated by the sense resistor 108 with the reference signal from the reference generator 104. If the test signal deviates beyond predefined thresholds, the comparator 110 generates a fault indication signal. For instance, if the test signal deviates by more than ±10% of the nominal value of 0.05V, the comparator 110 identifies the deviation as a fault condition and sends a fault indication signal to the microcontroller 110.
During operation, suppose the power steering subsystem encounters a fault causing the current to increase to 15A, resulting in a test signal of 0.075V (15A × 0.005?). The comparator 110 associated with the power steering output line detects the deviation and generates a fault indication signal. The microcontroller 112 receives the fault indication signal from the comparator 110 connected to the power steering subsystem. The microcontroller 112 analyses the fault indication signal and determines that the fault corresponds to an overcurrent condition. The microcontroller 112 classifies the fault as persistent after detecting that the fault indication signal has persisted for more than the threshold duration of 3 seconds.
In response to the detected fault, the microcontroller 112 initiates a corrective action to prevent further damage. For instance, the microcontroller 112 activates an isolation unit to disconnect the faulty power steering output line from the auxiliary power supply 102. Concurrently, the microcontroller 112 logs the fault data, including the time of occurrence, the specific subsystem affected, and the nature of the fault. The data is transmitted to the central control system of vehicle for real-time monitoring and subsequent maintenance scheduling. Additionally, the microcontroller 112 may trigger a notification on the dashboard of vehicle alerting the driver to the issue with the power steering subsystem.
In an exemplary embodiment, the system (100) of present disclosure can be used for detection of faults in the power output supply lines of auxiliary power supply (102) for two-wheeled vehicle. The system (100) enables efficient power delivery to components, such as headlights, indicators, and charging ports, by promptly identifying and reporting fault conditions. The reference generator (104) is configured to generate reference signal is set to a fixed voltage of 12 volts. The power supply lines for the headlight, taillight, and USB charging port are each monitored by a dedicated pair (106). The sense resistor (108) measures an electrical parameter, such as current or voltage, of the associated power line and generates a corresponding test signal. In one example, the sense resistor (108) generates a test signal of 11.8 volts when the current draw on the USB charging port is within the normal operating range (e.g., 1–2 amps). The comparator (110) receives the test signal from the sense resistor (108) and compares with the reference signal from the reference generator (104). If the test signal deviates from the reference signal by more than a predefined threshold—such as dropping below 11.5 volts due to a high current draw or exceeding 12.5 volts due to a potential overvoltage condition—the comparator (110) generates fault indication signal. The microcontroller (112), operatively coupled to all comparators (110), collects fault indication signals and analyses to determine fault conditions. For instance, if the test signal for the headlight power line drops to 10 volts, indicating an overload or short circuit, the microcontroller (112) logs this fault and triggers an appropriate response. This response could include shutting down the affected circuit, activating a warning light on the dashboard, or sending a notification to a connected mobile application. Thus, the system (100) improves the safety of vehicle and performance.
In an embodiment, the comparator 110 may detect deviations in electrical parameters by comparing the test signal generated by the sense resistor 108 with the reference signal from the reference generator 104. The comparator 110 operates to determine whether the test signal indicates an overvoltage or undervoltage condition. An overvoltage condition occurs when the test signal exceeds the predefined threshold established by the reference signal, prompting the comparator 110 to generate a fault indication signal. Conversely, an undervoltage condition occurs when the test signal falls below the threshold, which also results in the generation of a fault indication signal. The comparator 110 is linked to a specific power output supply, allowing independent monitoring of each output without interference from other comparators 110. Such independent operation makes sure that each power output supply line is individually assessed for faults. The comparator 110 consistently evaluates the electrical parameter associated with the sense resistor 108 to generate real-time fault indication signals when abnormal conditions arise. The operation of the comparator 110 is integral to the fault detection process within the system 100, providing the necessary input for downstream fault management actions executed by the microcontroller 112.
In an embodiment, the isolation unit may disconnect faulty output lines from the auxiliary power supply 102 upon the identification of a fault condition. The microcontroller 112 evaluates fault indication signals provided by the comparator 110 to determine the presence of a fault condition in a specific power output line. Upon identifying such a condition, the isolation unit isolates the affected line to prevent the fault from propagating and causing additional instability or damage to other components. The isolation unit operates in close conjunction with the microcontroller 112, enabling prompt and targeted responses to identified faults. The isolation unit performs operation by physically severing the connection between the faulty output line and the power supply. Said mechanism protects the auxiliary power supply 102 and other connected components from the impact of the fault, thereby maintaining operational stability for the unaffected power output lines. The isolation unit acts as a protective layer, mitigating risks associated with fault conditions, such as overheating, short circuits, or overloading. The isolation process is carried out swiftly and efficiently to enable minimal impact on the overall functionality of system. The isolation unit makes sure that the system continues functioning while faults are contained and addressed.
In an embodiment, the microcontroller 112 may distinguish between transient and persistent faults by analyzing the duration of fault indication signals received from the comparator 110. The microcontroller 112 monitors the signals to determine whether the fault condition is short-lived or sustained. Transient faults, characterized by brief deviations in electrical parameters, are logged for continued observation without triggering immediate corrective actions. Persistent faults, identified through prolonged fault indication signals that exceed predefined duration thresholds, prompt the microcontroller 112 to execute necessary measures such as isolating the faulty output line or initiating a controlled shutdown of the auxiliary power supply 102. The microcontroller 112 employs preprogrammed criteria to differentiate between the two fault types, assuring appropriate responses based on the characteristics of fault and impact. Such capability prevents unnecessary interruptions caused by transient anomalies while assuring that persistent issues are promptly addressed.
In an embodiment, the reference signal generated by the reference generator 104 may align with the potential of the ground of the microcontroller 112. The alignment between the reference signal and ground potential of the microcontroller eliminates inconsistencies that might arise due to level variations, thereby enabling accurate operation of the comparator 110. The reference signal serves as a stable baseline against which the test signals generated by the sense resistor 108 are evaluated. The consistent potential level simplifies the comparison process performed by the comparator 110, enabling reliable identification of overvoltage or undervoltage conditions in the monitored power output supply. The reference generator 104 works in may determine fault types by analyzing deviation patterns in fault indication signals received from the comparator 110. The deviation patterns provide detailed insights into the nature of each fault, including whether the fault is abrupt, progressive, or cyclic. The microcontroller 112 processes the deviation data to classify faults and establish corresponding response actions. Abrupt faults, characterized by sudden and significant changes in electrical parameters, are addressed promptly to prevent potential system instability. Gradual faults, which exhibit progressive deviation over time, are logged and analyzed for further diagnostic evaluation. Cyclic faults, displaying recurring deviation patterns, are identified for systematic resolution. The microcontroller 112 relies on preprogrammed analytical criteria to interpret deviation patterns accurately, enabling targeted intervention based on the fault type.
In an embodiment, each sense resistor 108 may be associated with a resistance value selected based on the type of load connected to the power output supply. The resistance value determines the sensitivity of the sense resistor 108 to changes in electrical parameters, allowing accurate monitoring of voltage, current, or power characteristics. High-power loads typically require lower resistance values to reduce energy losses while maintaining sufficient sensitivity to detect deviations indicative of faults. For low-power or precision loads, higher resistance values are chosen to improve resolution and allow detection of subtle changes in electrical parameters. The resistance value is determined during installation based on factors such as the expected operating range of the load, the tolerance for electrical variations, and the specific requirements for fault detection. The sense resistor 108 continuously generates test signals that correspond to the monitored electrical parameters, which are then compared against a reference signal by the comparator 110.
In an embodiment, each sense resistor 108 may be associated with a temperature sensor capable of detecting thermal overload conditions in the connected power output supply. The temperature sensor monitors the thermal state of the sense resistor 108 and the environment, generating a thermal signal that corresponds to observed temperature levels. The thermal signal is sent to the comparator 110 to calibrate fault indication signals, allowing differentiation between electrical and thermal faults. When a thermal overload is detected, the temperature sensor provides additional context, enabling the system 100 to implement appropriate fault management actions. The combination of the temperature sensor and the sense resistor 108 allows for real-time thermal monitoring, keeping the sense resistor 108 within safe operational limits. The thermal signal acts as an additional input to the comparator 110, improving the detection of complex fault conditions by accounting for thermal effects on the electrical parameters.
In an embodiment, the microcontroller 112 may initiate a fail-safe shutdown of a flyback converter upon detecting a fault condition persisting beyond a predetermined threshold duration. The microcontroller 112 continuously monitors fault indication signals from the comparator 110 to evaluate the presence and duration of fault conditions. If a fault signal exceeds the pre-set time threshold, the microcontroller 112 executes a controlled shutdown of the flyback converter, interrupting power flow to mitigate risks associated with prolonged fault conditions. Such action prevents damage to the auxiliary power supply 102 and connected components. The shutdown process is implemented autonomously and swiftly, relying on real-time analysis of fault indication signals to execute timely intervention.
In an embodiment, the microcontroller 112 may determine fault thresholds for each comparator 110 based on the type of load connected to the corresponding power output supply. The fault threshold defines the permissible range of electrical parameters for each load, beyond which a fault condition is identified. The microcontroller 112 analyzes the characteristics of the connected load, such as power requirements, operating range, and tolerance for fluctuations, to establish an appropriate fault threshold. For high-power loads, thresholds are adjusted to accommodate larger variations, avoiding unnecessary fault detection. For precision or sensitive loads, more stringent thresholds are applied to detect minor deviations. The microcontroller 112 dynamically adjusts fault thresholds in response to system conditions, allowing each comparator 110 to operate optimally for the associated load.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for determining a fault in power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. At step 202, a reference signal is generated using the reference generator 104. The reference generator 104 produces a stable signal that serves as a benchmark for comparison with the test signals generated by the sense resistors 108. The reference signal is calibrated to a predefined threshold that reflects the desired operating conditions of the power output supply. Said signal is transmitted to the comparators 110, which rely on the reference signal as a standard for evaluating deviations in the electrical parameters monitored by the sense resistors 108.
At step 204, an electrical parameter associated with each power output supply line of the auxiliary power supply 102 is monitored using a sense resistor 108 to produce a test signal. Each sense resistor 108 is positioned within the circuit to measure parameters such as voltage or current corresponding to the power output supply line. The electrical parameter is converted into a proportional test signal by the sense resistor 108, which reflects the real-time operational state of the monitored output line. Said signal is then sent to the comparator 110 for further analysis.
At step 206, the test signal generated by each sense resistor 108 is compared with the reference signal generated by the reference generator 104 using a comparator 110. The comparator 110 is operatively coupled to the sense resistor 108 and the reference generator 104, enabling the comparison process. The comparator 110 evaluates the magnitude of the test signal against the threshold established by the reference signal to identify any deviations indicative of fault conditions.
At step 208, the comparator 110 generates a fault indication signal based on the comparison of the test signal and the reference signal. If the test signal exceeds or falls below the predefined threshold represented by the reference signal, the comparator 110 determines that a fault condition is present in the corresponding power output supply line. The comparator 110 subsequently outputs a fault indication signal that corresponds to the detected abnormality, providing a real-time alert for the fault condition.
At step 210, the fault indication signals generated by each comparator 110 are received by the microcontroller 112. The microcontroller 112 collects and stores the fault indication signals from all comparators 110 associated with the auxiliary power supply 102. Each signal corresponds to a specific power output supply line, enabling the microcontroller 112 to identify the location and type of fault condition present in the system.
At step 212, the microcontroller 112 analyzes the fault indication signals to determine a fault condition associated with the power output supply. The analysis involves evaluating the characteristics of the fault indication signals, such as their magnitude, duration, and deviation patterns. Based on said analysis, the microcontroller 112 determines whether the fault condition is transient or persistent and classifies the type of fault. The microcontroller 112 may then initiate appropriate actions, such as isolating the faulty power output supply line, logging the fault for diagnostics, or triggering a system shutdown to prevent further damage. The analysis process enables targeted fault management and supports the overall stability of the auxiliary power supply 102.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic representation of a system for monitoring and managing power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The auxiliary power supply (similar to auxiliary power supply 102 of FIG. 1) is operatively coupled to multiple devices, labelled as Device 1, Device 2, Device 3, and Device N, representing various subsystems or loads, each requiring regulated power for operation. The auxiliary power supply is further operatively coupled to a microcontroller (similar to microcontroller 112 of FIG. 1), which manages fault detection and response. The microcontroller is configured to receive signals from the auxiliary power supply, analyze the received signals for any deviations indicative of fault conditions, and initiate corrective actions as required. The system is also connected to a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, facilitating communication between the auxiliary power supply and other components of the system, such as vehicle subsystems or a central control unit. The CAN bus enables real-time data transmission regarding power supply status and detected faults to other modules, ensuring coordination. The microcontroller may also use the CAN bus to send alerts or notifications to a central system or display for user awareness.
In an embodiment, the reference generator 104 generates a reference signal that serves as a consistent baseline for comparison with test signals produced by the sense resistors 108. The comparison allows detection of deviations in electrical parameters associated with power output supply lines. The reference signal is calibrated to match the ground potential of the microcontroller 112, eliminating discrepancies caused by variations and improving fault detection accuracy. The generation of a stable reference signal supports continuous monitoring and fault management.
In an embodiment, each pair 106 of the sense resistor 108 and the comparator 110 monitors electrical parameters of a specific power output supply line. The sense resistor 108 measures parameters such as voltage or current and converts them into a proportional test signal. The comparator 110 evaluates the test signal against the reference signal, identifying deviations indicative of overvoltage or undervoltage conditions. The configuration provides localized monitoring for each output supply line, enabling independent fault detection across multiple lines.
In an embodiment, the microcontroller 112 receives fault indication signals generated by the comparators 110 and performs real-time analysis to identify fault conditions. Analysis comprises characteristics such as signal duration and deviation patterns, allowing differentiation between transient and persistent faults. Differentiation facilitates targeted responses, such as isolating faulty output lines or initiating system shutdowns, based on the severity and nature of the fault.
In an embodiment, an isolation unit disconnects faulty output lines from the auxiliary power supply 102 upon detection of a fault condition. The isolation unit operates alongside the microcontroller 112, which identifies the specific line exhibiting abnormal behavior. Isolating the affected line prevents fault propagation and protects other components from damage, maintaining operational integrity for unaffected portions of the system 100.
In an embodiment, each sense resistor 108 is associated with a resistance value selected according to the load type connected to the power output supply line. The resistance value determines sensitivity to changes in electrical parameters. Higher resistance values are applied for precision loads to detect subtle deviations, while lower resistance values minimize energy losses for high-power loads. Customized resistance values enable customized fault detection and monitoring for diverse load types.
In an embodiment, the sense resistor 108 incorporates a temperature sensor to detect thermal overload conditions. The temperature sensor monitors the thermal state of the sense resistor 108 and generates a corresponding thermal signal for calibration purposes. The thermal signal sent to the comparator 110 adjusts fault indication signals to account for temperature-related variations. Fault detection accuracy improves by distinguishing between electrical faults and thermal anomalies, providing robust monitoring capability.
In an embodiment, the microcontroller 112 initiates a fail-safe shutdown of the flyback converter when a fault condition persists beyond a predefined threshold duration. The microcontroller 112 continuously monitors fault indication signals to evaluate the duration of anomalies. If the threshold is exceeded, the microcontroller 112 interrupts power flow through the flyback converter, preventing damage to the auxiliary power supply 102 and associated components.
In an embodiment, the microcontroller 112 determines fault thresholds for each comparator 110 based on the type of load connected to the corresponding power output supply line. The microcontroller 112 evaluates load characteristics, such as operating range and tolerance for fluctuations, to establish suitable thresholds. Customized fault thresholds for individual loads allow accurate detection and reduce false positives, supporting reliable fault monitoring across all output lines in the system 100.
In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms “disposed,” “mounted,” and “connected” are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, either mechanically or electrically. They may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system 100 for determining a fault in the power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply 102, the system 100 comprising:
? a reference generator 104 configured to generate a reference signal;
? multiple pairs 106 of a sense resistor 108 and a comparator 110, wherein each pair 106 is, individually, associated with the power output of the auxiliary power supply 102,
o wherein the sense resistor 108 is configured to monitor an electrical parameter associated with a corresponding power output supply to generate a test signal,
o wherein the comparator 110 is operatively coupled to a respective sense resistor 108 and the reference generator 104, wherein the comparator 110 is configured to compare the test signal from the sense resistor 108 to the reference signal and generate a fault indication signal; and
? a microcontroller 112 operatively coupled to each comparator 110, wherein the microcontroller 112 is configured to:
o receive the fault indication signals from each comparator 110; and
o analyze the received fault indication signals to determine a fault condition associated with the power output supply.
2. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each comparator 110 is configured to generate the fault signal in response to detecting an overvoltage or an undervoltage condition of the corresponding power output supply.
3. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an isolation unit configured to isolate the faulty output line, upon identification of a fault condition.
4. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller 112 is configured to differentiate between a transient fault and a persistent fault by analyzing the duration of the fault indication signals from the comparators 110.
5. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reference signal generated by the reference generator 104 is the same as a potential of a ground of the microcontroller 112.
6. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller 112 is further configured to determine a fault type based on a deviation pattern of the received fault indication signal.
7. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sense resistor 108 is associated with a resistance value that is selected based on the type of load connected to the power output supply.
8. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sense resistor 108 is associated with a temperature sensor to detect the thermal overload conditions and generate a corresponding thermal signal to the comparator 110 to calibrate the generated fault indication signal.
9. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller 112 is configured to initiate a fail-safe shutdown of a flyback converter upon detecting a fault condition that persists beyond a predetermined threshold duration.
10. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller 112 determines a fault threshold for each comparator 110 based on the type of load connected to the corresponding power output supply.
11. A method 200 for determining a fault in power output supply lines of an auxiliary power supply, the method 200 comprising:
generating a reference signal using a reference generator 104;
monitoring an electrical parameter associated with each power output supply line of the auxiliary power supply using a sense resistor 108 to produce a test signal;
comparing the test signal from each sense resistor 108 to the reference signal using a comparator 110 operatively coupled to the respective sense resistor 108 and the reference generator 104;
generating a fault indication signal from the comparator 110 based on the comparison;
receiving the fault indication signals from each comparator 110 using a microcontroller 112; and
analyzing the fault indication signals in the microcontroller 112 to determine a fault condition associated with the power output supply.