DESC:SYSTEM TO SYNCHRONIZE A POWER SUPPLY WITH AN ELECTRICAL UNIT
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICTIONS
The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202421014549 filed on 28-02-2024, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to power synchronization systems. Further, the present disclosure particularly relates to a system to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit.
BACKGROUND
Clean and renewable energy sources are being extensively developed and implemented to address the issue of rising pollution. Energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind energy systems are increasingly being integrated into the grid to supply electricity to various loads in domestic and industrial applications. Renewable energy sources, including solar and wind, provide environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional energy generation techniques. However, such energy sources are associated with certain challenges due to the inherent variability of power output.
Clean energy sources typically generate variable power, including variable voltage and current, which depends on various factors such as weather conditions. Such variability results in a phase difference, a frequency difference, or a combination of both between the output of the clean energy source and the grid. The presence of a phase difference leads to problems such as power fluctuations and circulating currents in the grid. Furthermore, such fluctuations may degrade the quality of power supplied by the grid. Moreover, frequency or phase differences may destabilize the grid, thereby affecting the reliability of grid operation.
To address such challenges, synchronization of the clean energy sources with the grid is performed using grid-interactive devices. Grid synchronization aligns the phase and frequency of the variable power generated by the renewable energy sources with the phase and frequency of the grid. Existing synchronization techniques involve conventional systems that are often associated with stability issues, particularly when subjected to sudden changes in the phase difference. Such systems fail to identify and stabilize the grid effectively under dynamic conditions, leading to further degradation in power quality and grid reliability.
Moreover, existing synchronization systems are often inadequate in addressing challenges associated with variable renewable energy outputs. For instance, conventional systems are unable to manage rapid and unpredictable changes in phase and frequency differences, especially during extreme weather conditions. Additionally, such systems are prone to errors arising from high levels of noise in the input signals, further complicating grid stabilization efforts.
Other existing systems rely on old techniques for grid synchronization, which fail to account for modern grid infrastructure and increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. For example, certain synchronization systems exhibit significant delays in response to phase or frequency deviations, which can result in transient instabilities and loss of synchrony with the grid. Furthermore, existing systems are often inefficient in detecting and mitigating circulating currents, which arise due to phase misalignment. Such limitations negatively impact the overall performance and operational lifespan of the grid.
In light of the above discussion, there exists an urgent need for solutions that overcome the problems associated with conventional systems and/or techniques for synchronizing renewable energy sources with the grid.

SUMMARY
The aim of the present disclosure is to provide a system to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit for enabling grid stability and reliability.
The present disclosure provides a system to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit. The system comprises a voltage sampler to obtain voltage samples for each phase from the power supply, a frequency estimator to calculate an angular frequency of each phase based on the obtained voltage samples, and a phase angle computation unit operatively connected to the frequency estimator, wherein the phase angle computation unit integrates the calculated angular frequency to determine a nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply. The system further comprises a phase corrector to refine the nominal phase angle of each phase, and an output interface operatively connected to the phase corrector, wherein the output interface enables synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit. Such a system facilitates synchronization by aligning the frequency and phase of the power supply with that of the electrical unit.
Moreover, the present disclosure provides that the phase corrector incorporates a delay compensation technique to eliminate the phase shifts caused by computational delays and filtering processes. Such a delay compensation technique enables accurate alignment of the phase and frequency for synchronization.
Furthermore, the voltage sampler of the system is configured to sample voltage at a configurable sampling rate to accommodate varying frequencies of the power supply. Such a sampling rate allows the system to address variations in frequency and maintain synchronization with the electrical unit.
Additionally, the phase corrector dynamically adjusts the nominal phase angle in response to variations in the load conditions of the electrical unit. Such a dynamic adjustment accounts for changes in load and enables synchronization between the power supply and the electrical unit.
In another aspect, the frequency estimator detects and compensates for frequency deviations caused by sudden load changes on the power supply. Such compensation addresses transient instabilities, thereby maintaining stable grid operations.
Additionally, the phase corrector is associated with a fault detection unit configured to identify a phase imbalance event and a voltage sag condition. Based on such identified events, the phase corrector determines a corrective action to assure proper synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit.
Furthermore, the voltage sampler is associated with an anti-aliasing filter to remove noise from the sampled voltage signals. Such noise removal makes sure the accuracy of the sampled signals, contributing to effective synchronization of the power supply.
Moreover, the voltage sampler monitors voltage stability and harmonic distortion to determine a corrective measure. Such monitoring enables the system to maintain power quality and proper synchronization.
Additionally, the phase corrector comprises a transient response accelerator to reduce the time required for synchronization during changes in the calculated angular frequency of each phase of the power supply. Such a transient response accelerator affirms faster synchronization and stability during dynamic conditions.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for synchronizing a power supply with an electrical unit. The method comprises obtaining voltage samples for each phase of the power supply using a voltage sampler, calculating an angular frequency for each phase of the power supply based on the obtained voltage samples using a frequency estimator, and determining a nominal phase angle for each phase by integrating the calculated angular frequency using a phase angle computation unit operatively connected to the frequency estimator. The method further comprises refining the nominal phase angle for each phase using a phase corrector and enabling synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit by transmitting synchronization signals through an output interface operatively connected to the phase corrector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for synchronizing a power supply with an electrical unit, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram representation of an open-loop synchronization technique (OLST) for estimating the frequency and phase angle of a power supply to synchronize it with an electrical unit, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram representation of an open-loop synchronization technique (OLST) implemented in a system 100 for estimating the frequency and phase angle of grid voltages to achieve synchronization, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 illustrates the results during grid distortion, showing the response of the system to variations in grid conditions, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 illustrates the results obtained during a frequency change of +5 Hz, demonstrating the system ability to adapt to variations in grid frequency, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 illustrates the results obtained during a phase jump of 30 degrees, showing the system response to sudden phase changes in the grid, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 8 illustrates the results obtained during noisy sensor output, demonstrating the system response to voltage signals affected by noise, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognise that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present disclosure are also possible.
The description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of certain embodiments of a system to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit and is not intended to represent the only forms that may be developed or utilised. The description sets forth the various structures and/or functions in connection with the illustrated embodiments; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.
The terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprising”, “comprise(s)”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, system that comprises a list of components or steps does not comprise only those components or steps but may comprise other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or system. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus preceded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or apparatus.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, and which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail.
As used herein, the term "system" refers to an arrangement of interconnected components or elements functioning together to achieve a specific purpose. The system comprises multiple components that work collaboratively to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit by aligning the phase and frequency of the power supply with the phase and frequency of the electrical unit. Systems of such types can comprise control systems, automation systems, or other power synchronization systems implemented in grid-connected environments. For example, power grid systems or microgrid systems use such arrangements to maintain phase and frequency alignment between renewable energy sources and the grid. The system may comprise electronic, electromechanical, or hybrid components, depending on the specific application and requirements.
As used herein, the term "power supply" refers to a source that provides electrical power to one or more loads or electrical units. Such power supply may comprise renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, or conventional sources like diesel generators, battery storage systems, or utility grids. The power supply typically generates power in the form of alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) and is characterized by parameters such as voltage, current, phase angle, and frequency. In grid-connected applications, a power supply may deliver variable power output influenced by factors such as load conditions, environmental conditions, and equipment characteristics.
As used herein, the term "electrical unit" refers to a device, circuit, or system that receives electrical power from a power supply and performs specific operations or tasks. The electrical unit may comprise domestic appliances, industrial machinery, power distribution systems, or any other load connected to the power supply. The electrical unit operates at a particular phase, frequency, and voltage level, which must be synchronized with the corresponding parameters of the power supply for reliable operation. For example, electrical units such as induction motors, lighting systems, or power converters rely on synchronized power for efficient performance and protection against operational disturbances.
As used herein, the term "voltage sampler" refers to a component that measures the voltage levels of an electrical system at specific intervals to capture data for further processing. The voltage sampler is associated with measurement equipment such as analog-to-digital converters, oscilloscopes, or other voltage measurement devices. The voltage sampler monitors the voltage of each phase in a multi-phase system to obtain accurate samples representing the power supply’s voltage waveform. For instance, in a three-phase power system, the voltage sampler records the voltage levels of all three phases to determine the phase voltages at a specific sampling rate. Such a sampling rate is configurable to match the frequency of the power supply. Examples of voltage samplers comprise sampling circuits used in digital signal processing systems, energy meters, and power monitoring devices.
As used herein, the term "frequency estimator" refers to a component or process that determines the angular frequency of an electrical signal based on the sampled voltage data. The frequency estimator calculates the rate at which the electrical waveform oscillates, measured in radians per second or hertz. Such a frequency estimator typically utilizes mathematical techniques such as Fourier transforms, zero-crossing detection, or phase-locked loops to determine the frequency of the input signal. For instance, in grid-connected systems, the frequency estimator calculates the angular frequency of the power supply phases to identify deviations from the grid frequency and facilitates corrective actions. Examples comprise frequency measurement devices in protective relays or phase-locked loop circuits used in power electronic systems.
As used herein, the term "phase angle computation unit" refers to a component that determines the phase angle of an electrical signal by integrating the angular frequency calculated by the frequency estimator. The phase angle represents the position of the waveform relative to a reference point in the cycle. The phase angle computation unit processes the frequency information and outputs the nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply. For example, in a three-phase system, the phase angle computation unit calculates the phase difference between each phase and a reference phase to determine their relative alignment. Such a unit may comprise digital signal processors, microcontrollers, or specialized integrated circuits capable of performing real-time phase angle calculations.
As used herein, the term "phase corrector" refers to a component that adjusts the nominal phase angle of an electrical signal to eliminate errors or deviations caused by external factors such as computational delays or dynamic load changes. The phase corrector refines the phase angle to enable accurate alignment between the power supply and the electrical unit. Such adjustment may involve delay compensation techniques to address phase shifts introduced by signal processing or filtering. For example, the phase corrector may comprise control algorithms, hardware circuits, or software routines that dynamically adjust the phase angle based on the operating conditions of the system.
As used herein, the term "output interface" refers to a component that transmits synchronization signals to facilitate the alignment of the power supply with the electrical unit. The output interface communicates the refined phase and frequency information from the phase corrector to the electrical unit or the grid. Such an interface may comprise communication ports, wireless transmission modules, or connectors for signal transfer. For example, in grid-connected systems, the output interface enables the transmission of control signals to circuit breakers, switches, or power converters to synchronize the power supply with the grid.
As used herein, the term "synchronize" refers to the process of aligning the frequency, phase, and voltage of a power supply with the corresponding parameters of an electrical unit. Synchronization makes sure that the power supply operates harmoniously with the electrical unit or grid, minimizing power fluctuations and instability. The process involves measuring the power supply's parameters, computing the required adjustments, and implementing such adjustments to achieve alignment. For example, in renewable energy systems, synchronization is performed to match the variable power output of the energy source with the stable parameters of the grid.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The system 100 comprises a voltage sampler 102 to obtain voltage samples for each phase from the power supply. The voltage sampler 102 measures voltage levels at predetermined intervals and converts the analog signals into digital data that represent the instantaneous voltage of each phase. Such voltage sampling provides the input required for subsequent calculations related to the synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit. The voltage sampler 102 may comprise an analog-to-digital converter or similar circuitry to process voltage signals and generate data that accurately reflects the characteristics of the power supply. The sampling rate of the voltage sampler 102 is configurable to accommodate variations in the frequency of the power supply, which may occur due to dynamic changes in load or environmental factors. In a three-phase power system, the voltage sampler 102 simultaneously or sequentially captures voltage data for all three phases, assuring that the sampled data is representative of the overall power supply. The voltage sampler 102 may also incorporate additional elements, such as anti-aliasing filters, to remove noise from the input signals and enhance the accuracy of the voltage sampling process.
The system 100 further comprises a frequency estimator 104 configured to calculate an angular frequency of each phase of the power supply based on the voltage samples obtained by the voltage sampler 102. The frequency estimator 104 calculates the rate at which the voltage waveform oscillates, expressed in radians per second. Such calculations involve analyzing the voltage data provided by the voltage sampler 102, using mathematical methods to determine the periodicity of the voltage waveform. The frequency estimator 104 may employ techniques such as zero-crossing detection, Fourier analysis, or phase-locked loops to derive the angular frequency for each phase. In the case of a three-phase power supply, the frequency estimator 104 processes the voltage data for all three phases independently or collectively to determine their respective angular frequencies. The frequency estimator 104 identifies deviations in frequency that may arise due to changes in the power supply's load conditions or external disturbances, enabling corrective actions to be implemented within the system 100.
The system 100 additionally comprises a phase angle computation unit 106 operatively connected to the frequency estimator 104, wherein the phase angle computation unit 106 integrates the calculated angular frequency to determine a nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply. The phase angle computation unit 106 processes the angular frequency data from the frequency estimator 104 and determines the phase position of each waveform relative to a reference point in the electrical cycle. The integration of angular frequency over time allows the phase angle computation unit 106 to calculate the nominal phase angle for each phase with high precision. In a multi-phase power supply, the phase angle computation unit 106 determines the phase angle differences between each phase and the reference phase to evaluate the relative alignment of the phases. The phase angle computation unit 106 may utilize digital processing hardware, such as microcontrollers or signal processors, to perform real-time phase angle calculations. The phase angle data generated by the phase angle computation unit 106 serves as an input for subsequent components of the system 100, contributing to the synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit.
The system 100 comprises a phase corrector 108 that refines the determined nominal phase angle of each phase of the power supply to align with the electrical unit. The phase corrector 108 applies refinement techniques to address discrepancies in the nominal phase angle caused by dynamic load variations, noise interference, or delays introduced during computational or signal processing operations. The phase corrector 108 is implemented using electronic circuitry, digital signal processors, or microcontroller-based platforms capable of executing mathematical models and control algorithms. The refinement process involves the real-time analysis of the nominal phase angle, identifying phase misalignment, and applying appropriate adjustments to assure compatibility between the power supply and the electrical unit. The phase corrector 108 incorporates components such as phase-locked loops, compensators, or delay adjustment circuits to handle phase shifts and stabilize the synchronization process. For example, the phase corrector 108 may use phase shift compensation techniques to eliminate deviations caused by variable load conditions or transient disturbances. The phase corrector 108 is further operatively connected to other system components, including the phase angle computation unit 106 and the output interface 110, to receive the nominal phase angle and transmit the refined phase angle for subsequent synchronization.
The system 100 further comprises an output interface 110 operatively connected to the phase corrector 108, wherein the output interface 110 enables synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit. The output interface 110 transmits refined phase and frequency information from the phase corrector 108 to the electrical unit or grid-connected devices. The output interface 110 is implemented using communication ports, connectors, or wireless transmission components depending on the specific application and operational requirements. In an example, the output interface 110 may comprise hardware communication ports such as RS-232, USB, or Ethernet interfaces to transmit synchronization signals to connected devices. Alternatively, wireless communication components such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, or Wi-Fi may be utilized for remote synchronization operations. The output interface 110 communicates synchronization instructions to grid-connected components, comprising switches, circuit breakers, or power converters, enabling integration and alignment of the power supply with the electrical unit. The output interface 110 may further comprise isolation components such as optoisolators or transformers to enable electrical isolation during signal transmission and to protect connected components from potential damage caused by voltage spikes or surges. The output interface 110 is integrated with control circuitry that affirms the refined synchronization signals maintain stability and accuracy during transmission. The output interface 110 provides an operational pathway for executing synchronization actions based on the refined phase and frequency data generated by the phase corrector 108, thereby supporting reliable power delivery to the electrical unit.
In an embodiment, the phase corrector 108 incorporates a delay compensation technique to eliminate phase shifts caused by computational delays and filtering processes. The delay compensation technique involves real-time adjustment of the phase angle to counteract any temporal discrepancies introduced during signal processing. Such delays may arise from analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering, or mathematical computations performed by various system components. The phase corrector 108 may employ techniques such as predictive phase correction or interpolation methods to estimate and apply compensation for anticipated delays. For example, the delay compensation technique can utilize finite impulse response (FIR) or infinite impulse response (IIR) filter to analyze phase shifts and apply corrective measures during each sampling cycle. The compensation process is carried out dynamically, allowing the phase corrector 108 to maintain accurate phase alignment under varying operating conditions. Hardware implementations of the delay compensation technique may comprise dedicated circuits such as phase-locked loops or programmable logic devices capable of adjusting the phase angle in real-time. Alternatively, software-based implementations may involve execution of delay correction routines by microcontrollers or digital signal processors. The phase corrector 108 further interacts with other system components, comprising the phase angle computation unit 106 and the output interface 110, to synchronize the refined phase angle with the electrical unit. The incorporation of delay compensation into the phase corrector 108 contributes to the effective elimination of phase shifts, thereby assuring that synchronization signals remain stable and accurate during transmission to the electrical unit.
In an embodiment, the voltage sampler 102 is configured to sample voltage at a configurable sampling rate to accommodate the varying frequencies of the power supply. The voltage sampler 102 operates by capturing voltage waveforms from each phase of the power supply and converting them into digital samples for further processing. The sampling rate of the voltage sampler 102 can be adjusted based on the frequency characteristics of the power supply to enable adequate resolution and accuracy in capturing waveform details. For example, in systems where the power supply frequency varies significantly due to renewable energy integration, the voltage sampler 102 adapts the sampling rate to match the frequency variations. The configurable sampling rate may be implemented using programmable settings within analog-to-digital converters, which allow for dynamic adjustment during operation. The voltage sampler 102 may also incorporate timing circuits or frequency tracking mechanisms to determine the optimal sampling rate for different power supply conditions. In addition, the voltage sampler 102 may comprise anti-aliasing filters to remove high-frequency noise and prevent signal distortion during sampling. Such filters are selected based on the sampling rate to enable accurate representation of the voltage waveform within the desired frequency range. The voltage sampler 102 transmits the sampled voltage data to downstream components such as the frequency estimator 104 and the phase angle computation unit 106, where the data is analyzed and processed for synchronization purposes.
In an embodiment, the phase corrector 108 dynamically adjusts the nominal phase angle in response to variations in the load conditions of the electrical unit. Load conditions of the electrical unit can affect the phase relationship between the power supply and the electrical unit, necessitating real-time adjustments to maintain synchronization. The phase corrector 108 continuously monitors the phase angle and identifies deviations caused by changes in load demand, power fluctuations, or transient disturbances. The adjustment process involves calculating the required phase correction based on the observed deviations and applying the correction to align the phase angle with the nominal value. For example, when a sudden increase in load causes a phase lag in the power supply, the phase corrector 108 compensates by managing the phase angle to restore synchronization. The phase corrector 108 may utilize hardware-based circuits such as dynamic phase compensators or software-based techniques implemented through control algorithms to achieve the desired adjustments. Additionally, the phase corrector 108 may interact with sensors or monitoring devices that provide real-time feedback on load variations, enabling timely corrections. The adjusted phase angle is transmitted to the output interface 110 for synchronization with the electrical unit. The dynamic adjustment capability of the phase corrector 108 allows the system 100 to adapt to rapidly changing load conditions, enabling stable operation and compatibility between the power supply and the electrical unit across a variety of scenarios.
In an embodiment, the frequency estimator 104 detects and compensates for frequency deviations caused by sudden load changes on the power supply. The frequency estimator 104 operates by analyzing the sampled voltage data provided by the voltage sampler 102 to determine the angular frequency of each phase of the power supply. Sudden changes in load conditions can result in deviations from the nominal frequency, requiring the frequency estimator 104 to identify such deviations and initiate corrective measures. The detection process involves monitoring the rate of change in the voltage waveform and comparing the observed frequency with the expected nominal frequency. The frequency estimator 104 may utilize techniques such as zero-crossing detection, phase-locked loops, or Fourier transforms to measure the frequency accurately under varying load conditions. Once a frequency deviation is detected, the frequency estimator 104 calculates the necessary adjustments to compensate for the deviation and stabilize the power supply. For example, in a scenario where an increase in load demand causes a drop in frequency, the frequency estimator 104 identifies the deviation and provides corrective feedback to the phase angle computation unit 106 and the phase corrector 108 to restore synchronization. The frequency estimator 104 may be implemented using digital signal processors, microcontrollers, or hardware-based circuits for high-speed frequency measurement and compensation. By addressing frequency deviations promptly, the frequency estimator 104 supports the system 100 in maintaining stable and synchronized operation between the power supply and the electrical unit, even under dynamic load conditions.
In an embodiment, the phase corrector 108 is associated with a fault detection unit configured to identify a phase imbalance event and a voltage sag condition. The fault detection unit monitors real-time electrical parameters of the power supply to detect anomalies such as unequal voltage magnitudes across phases or significant voltage drops below a predefined threshold. The phase imbalance event is identified based on differences in voltage amplitudes or phase angles among the phases, while the voltage sag condition is detected based on sudden and substantial reductions in voltage levels caused by short circuits, load surges, or grid disturbances. The phase corrector 108 receives signals from the fault detection unit and determines a corrective action customized to address the identified fault. For instance, in the case of a phase imbalance, the corrective action may involve adjusting the phase angles of the affected phases to restore balance. For a voltage sag condition, the phase corrector 108 may implement voltage boosting techniques or issue a control signal to other components of the system 100 to compensate for the sag. The fault detection unit may comprise sensors, signal processors, or protective relays capable of real-time fault monitoring and diagnostics.
In an embodiment, the voltage sampler 102 is associated with an anti-aliasing filter to remove noise from the sampled voltage signals. The anti-aliasing filter operates as a low-pass filter to attenuate high-frequency noise components that could distort the sampled signals during analog-to-digital conversion. The anti-aliasing filter prevents aliasing, which occurs when high-frequency components are incorrectly interpreted as lower frequencies due to insufficient sampling rates. The filter has a cutoff frequency slightly below half the sampling rate of the voltage sampler 102, in accordance with the Nyquist criterion, to eliminate frequencies that exceed the allowable range. For example, in a power system with a sampling rate of 10 kHz, the anti-aliasing filter may have a cutoff frequency of 4.5 kHz. The filter may be implemented using passive components such as resistors and capacitors or active components such as operational amplifiers to achieve the desired filtering characteristics. The anti-aliasing filter assures that the sampled voltage data accurately represents the waveform of the power supply, thereby enabling the subsequent processing stages, comprising the frequency estimator 104 and phase angle computation unit 106, to perform their operations without interference from noise. The association of the anti-aliasing filter with the voltage sampler 102 contributes to accurate and reliable data acquisition in the system 100.
In an embodiment, the voltage sampler 102 monitors voltage stability and harmonic distortion to determine a corrective measure. Voltage stability is assessed by analyzing the consistency of the voltage waveform over time, making sure that variations remain within an acceptable range under different operating conditions. Harmonic distortion is evaluated by identifying non-sinusoidal components in the voltage waveform, which are typically caused by non-linear loads or disturbances in the power system. The voltage sampler 102 measures parameters such as total harmonic distortion (THD) or individual harmonic amplitudes to quantify the extent of distortion. The monitoring process involves capturing high-resolution voltage samples and applying mathematical techniques, such as Fourier analysis, to extract harmonic content and identify stability issues. Based on the observed voltage stability and harmonic distortion levels, the voltage sampler 102 determines corrective measures such as adjusting the sampling rate, filtering harmonics, or triggering feedback mechanisms to mitigate the effects of instability or distortion. For example, in the case of high harmonic distortion, the voltage sampler 102 may activate a filtering stage to suppress specific harmonic frequencies. The voltage sampler 102 interfaces with other components, comprising the phase corrector 108, to provide real-time feedback and support the implementation of corrective actions. By continuously monitoring voltage stability and harmonic distortion, the voltage sampler 102 maintains the power quality required for proper operation of the system 100.
In an embodiment, the phase corrector 108 comprises a transient response accelerator to reduce the time required for synchronization during changes in the calculated angular frequency of each phase of the power supply. The transient response accelerator enhances the dynamic performance of the phase corrector 108 by enabling rapid adjustments to the phase angle in response to sudden frequency deviations. Such frequency deviations may result from load changes, grid disturbances, or transitions in the operating state of the power supply. The transient response accelerator is implemented using high-speed control circuits or software routines that detect and compensate for transient conditions in real time. For example, the accelerator may utilize predictive control techniques to anticipate the required phase adjustment based on the rate of change in frequency or phase angle. The transient response accelerator interacts with the frequency estimator 104 and phase angle computation unit 106 to continuously monitor the angular frequency and determine the necessary phase correction. The accelerator applies the calculated correction instantaneously, minimizing the lag time associated with phase alignment during transient events. Hardware implementations of the transient response accelerator may comprise digital signal processors or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for real-time processing, while software implementations may leverage computational methods executed on microcontrollers. By incorporating the transient response accelerator, the phase corrector 108 supports the system 100 in achieving rapid synchronization and maintaining stable operation during dynamic conditions.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for synchronizing a power supply with an electrical unit, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. At step 202, the voltage samples for each phase of the power supply are obtained using a voltage sampler. The voltage sampler captures the instantaneous voltage values of the power supply for each phase at a defined sampling rate. The sampling rate is selected to accurately capture the waveform characteristics of the power supply, enabling sufficient resolution for subsequent calculations. The voltage sampler may comprise analog-to-digital converters to digitize the sampled voltage values and transmit them to downstream components for further processing. Additionally, an anti-aliasing filter may be used in association with the voltage sampler to eliminate high-frequency noise and affirms that the sampled signals accurately represent the voltage waveform.
At step 204, an angular frequency for each phase of the power supply is calculated based on the obtained voltage samples using a frequency estimator. The frequency estimator determines the rate of oscillation of the voltage waveform, expressed as an angular frequency in radians per second. The calculation process may involve techniques such as zero-crossing detection, Fourier transform analysis, or phase-locked loop implementation to measure the frequency accurately. The frequency estimator continuously monitors the voltage samples to identify changes in frequency caused by varying load conditions or disturbances in the power supply. The calculated angular frequency is transmitted to the phase angle computation unit for further processing.
At step 206, a nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply is determined by integrating the calculated angular frequency using a phase angle computation unit operatively connected to the frequency estimator. The phase angle computation unit uses the angular frequency data to calculate the position of each phase of the power supply relative to a reference point in the waveform cycle. The integration process involves summing the angular frequency over time to generate the phase angle value for each phase. The nominal phase angle provides a baseline measurement that represents the relative alignment of the power supply’s phases. The computed phase angle values are then transmitted to the phase corrector for refinement.
At step 208, the nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply is refined using a phase corrector. The phase corrector adjusts the nominal phase angle to eliminate any discrepancies caused by computational delays, filtering processes, or transient disturbances in the power supply. The phase corrector applies techniques such as delay compensation or dynamic phase adjustment to refine the phase angle and align the phase angle with the expected nominal values. The refinement process accounts for real-time changes in load conditions or power quality issues, assuring accurate synchronization between the power supply and the electrical unit. The refined phase angles are then transmitted to the output interface for synchronization purposes.
At step 210, synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit is enabled by transmitting the synchronization signals through an output interface operatively connected to the phase corrector. The output interface communicates the refined phase angle and frequency information to the electrical unit or grid-connected devices. The output interface may comprise wired communication ports, wireless transmission components, or isolation devices such as transformers or optoisolators to enable safe and reliable signal transmission. The transmitted synchronization signals are used to align the phase and frequency of the power supply with those of the electrical unit, enabling integration and stable operation.
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram representation of an open-loop synchronization technique (OLST) for estimating the frequency and phase angle of a power supply to synchronize it with an electrical unit. The method begins with the three-phase voltage signals of the power supply, representing the three-phase system, which are transformed into two orthogonal components, referred to as the alpha and beta components, using a Clarke transformation. These components are used for frequency estimation. A delay block processes the beta component to produce a delayed version, which is then multiplied with the alpha component. Simultaneously, the original beta component is multiplied with the delayed alpha component. The results of these multiplications are subtracted, and the output is scaled by a constant factor to calculate the angular frequency of the power supply. In parallel, the three-phase voltage signals are transformed into two direct components, referred to as the d-axis and q-axis components, using a Park transformation. The phase angle is calculated by determining the arctangent of the ratio between the q-axis and d-axis components. The estimated frequency and phase angle are then combined, and feedback loops continuously update the calculations in real time.
FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram representation of an open-loop synchronization technique (OLST) implemented in a system 100 for estimating the frequency and phase angle of grid voltages to achieve synchronization. The process begins with the sensed grid voltages, which serve as the input to the system. The sensed grid voltages are processed by a two-sample-based frequency estimator to calculate the angular frequency of the grid. The frequency estimator uses two consecutive voltage samples to determine the rate of oscillation in the voltage signals, providing the estimated frequency. The estimated frequency is then fed into a phase corrector, which refines the phase angle to address any discrepancies caused by dynamic grid conditions or delays. Simultaneously, the angular frequency is processed through an integrator to generate a nominal phase angle. The nominal phase angle serves as an input to the phase corrector, which performs adjustments based on the real-time grid conditions. The phase corrector outputs an estimated phase angle, which aligns the system with the grid voltage waveform for synchronization. The integration of the frequency estimation and phase correction processes within the OLST allows continuous and real-time adjustments to maintain alignment with the grid under varying operating conditions.
FIG. 5 illustrates the results during grid distortion, showing the response of the system to variations in grid conditions. The grid voltages exhibit sinusoidal waveforms that are distorted during a transient disturbance. The grid frequency fluctuates due to the distortion but stabilizes around the nominal value after the disturbance. The phase angle increases linearly with time, with adjustments during the disturbance to maintain alignment. The amplitude of the synchronization signal remains stable throughout the distortion, indicating the ability of system to manage changes in grid conditions effectively. The phase alignment error remains minimal during the event, reflecting the capability of the synchronization process to handle transient grid disturbances while affirming accurate alignment.
FIG. 6 illustrates the results obtained during a frequency change of +5 Hz, demonstrating the system ability to adapt to variations in grid frequency. The grid voltages exhibit sinusoidal waveforms that remain consistent despite the frequency change. The grid frequency shows a step increase from 50 Hz to 55 Hz, reflecting the imposed change, followed by stabilization at the new frequency. The phase angle continues to increase linearly, adjusting dynamically to align with the altered grid frequency. The amplitude of the synchronization signal remains stable throughout the transition, indicating the system capability to manage the frequency variation without disruption. The phase alignment error shows minimal deviation during the frequency change, confirming the synchronization process in handling such variations while maintaining accurate phase alignment with the grid.
FIG. 7 illustrates the results obtained during a phase jump of 30 degrees, showing the system response to sudden phase changes in the grid. The grid voltages maintain their sinusoidal waveforms while undergoing a phase shift, reflecting the applied phase jump. The grid frequency remains stable at 50 Hz throughout the event, indicating that the frequency is unaffected by the phase jump. The phase angle exhibits a sharp adjustment corresponding to the 30-degree phase shift before resuming a linear progression, demonstrating the system ability to track and adjust to the phase change dynamically. The synchronization signal amplitude remains consistent, assuring stable synchronization despite the phase disturbance. The phase alignment error shows a brief deviation during the phase jump but quickly stabilizes, indicating effective handling of the transient phase shift.
FIG. 8 illustrates the results obtained during noisy sensor output, demonstrating the system response to voltage signals affected by noise. The grid voltages exhibit sinusoidal waveforms overlaid with high-frequency noise, simulating sensor output disturbances. Despite the noise, the grid frequency remains stable at 50 Hz, indicating the system ability to filter out noise and maintain accurate frequency estimation. The phase angle progresses linearly without disruptions, showing that the system can accurately compute phase information even under noisy conditions. The amplitude of the synchronization signal remains consistent throughout, reflecting the system capability to process noisy inputs without affecting synchronization performance. The phase alignment error remains minimal, with no significant deviations observed during the noise event. This response highlights the system's robustness in maintaining reliable synchronization by mitigating the effects of sensor noise on the input voltage signals.
The system 100 facilitates accurate synchronization of a power supply with an electrical unit by employing a voltage sampler 102 to obtain voltage samples for each phase of the power supply. The voltage sampler 102 enables high-resolution sampling, providing the basis for accurate analysis of the power supply waveform.
The frequency estimator 104 calculates the angular frequency of each phase of the power supply using the voltage samples obtained by the voltage sampler 102. By detecting and analyzing changes in the frequency, the frequency estimator 104 supports dynamic response to variations in the power supply, such as those caused by load changes or power fluctuations. Said dynamic response reduces instability and improves the system's ability to maintain consistent frequency alignment with the electrical unit.
The phase angle computation unit 106 integrates the calculated angular frequency to determine a nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply. Said integration provides real-time phase angle values, for aligning the power supply with the electrical unit. The continuous computation of the phase angle enables the system to operate effectively under dynamic load and power conditions.
The phase corrector 108 refines the determined nominal phase angle to address discrepancies introduced by computational delays, filtering processes, or external disturbances. By incorporating a delay compensation technique, the phase corrector 108 minimizes phase shifts caused by processing delays, thereby maintaining alignment of the phase angle. The dynamic adjustment capability of the phase corrector 108 further allows the system to respond to variations in load conditions, improving the stability and reliability of the synchronization process.
The output interface 110 transmits refined synchronization signals to the electrical unit, enabling integration of the power supply with the electrical unit. By enabling accurate and stable transmission of synchronization signals, the output interface 110 supports efficient operation of connected electrical units, reducing power quality issues such as circulating currents or phase misalignments.
The association of the phase corrector 108 with a fault detection unit allows the identification of phase imbalance events and voltage sag conditions. The identification facilitates real-time detection of power quality issues and determination of corrective actions to mitigate such faults. By addressing phase imbalance and voltage sag conditions, the system reduces the risk of equipment damage or power disruption, enhancing overall system reliability.
The inclusion of an anti-aliasing filter with the voltage sampler 102 removes high-frequency noise from the sampled voltage signals. The removal of high-frequency noise affirms that the sampled signals accurately represent the power supply waveform, reducing distortion during subsequent processing stages. Improved noise filtering contributes to more accurate frequency and phase calculations, enhancing the synchronization performance of the system.
The voltage sampler 102 monitors voltage stability and harmonic distortion to identify and determine corrective measures. By analyzing voltage stability and quantifying harmonic distortion, the system effectively addresses power quality issues. The corrective measures applied based on such monitoring help maintain consistent power delivery and reduce the impact of disturbances on connected electrical units.
The transient response accelerator integrated into the phase corrector 108 reduces the time required for synchronization during changes in the calculated angular frequency. Said feature enables the system to respond rapidly to transient conditions, such as load fluctuations or frequency deviations, improving the dynamic performance of the synchronization process.
The method for synchronizing a power supply with an electrical unit enables accurate and reliable synchronization through the sequential processes of voltage sampling, frequency calculation, phase angle determination, phase correction, and synchronization signal transmission. The combined operation of the system components allows for adaptation to variable power supply conditions, supporting stable and efficient integration of the power supply with the electrical unit.

In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms “disposed,” “mounted,” and “connected” are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, either mechanically or electrically. They may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Modifications to embodiments and combination of different embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “comprising”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non- exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural where appropriate.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system 100 to synchronize a power supply with an electrical unit, the system 100 comprising:
a voltage sampler 102 to obtain the voltage samples for each phase from the power supply;
a frequency estimator 104 configured to calculate an angular frequency of each phase of the power supply based on the obtained voltage samples;
a phase angle computation unit 106 operatively connected to the frequency estimator 104, wherein the phase angle computation unit 106 integrates the calculated angular frequency to determine a nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply;
a phase corrector 108 configured to refine the determined nominal phase angle of each phase; and
an output interface 110 operatively connected to the phase corrector 108, wherein the output interface 110 enables synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the phase corrector 108 incorporates a delay compensation technique to eliminate the phase shifts caused by the computational delays and the filtering processes.
3. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage sampler 102 is configured to sample voltage at a configurable sampling rate to accommodate the varying frequencies of the power supply.
4. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase corrector 108 dynamically adjusts the nominal phase angle in response to variations in the load conditions of the electrical unit.
5. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency estimator 104 detects and compensates for the frequency deviations due to sudden load changes on the power supply.
6. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase corrector 108 is associated with a fault detection unit that is configured to identify a phase imbalance event and a voltage sag condition, wherein the phase corrector 108 determines a corrective action based on the identified phase imbalance event and the voltage sag condition.
7. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage sampler 102 is associated with an anti-aliasing filter to remove noise from the sampled voltage signals.
8. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage sampler 102 monitors a voltage stability and a harmonic distortion to determine a corrective measure.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the phase corrector 108 comprises a transient response accelerator to reduce time required for synchronization during changes in the calculated angular frequency of each phase of the power supply.
10. A method for synchronizing a power supply with an electrical unit, the method comprising:
obtaining the voltage samples for each phase of the power supply using a voltage sampler 102;
calculating an angular frequency for each phase of the power supply based on the obtained voltage samples using a frequency estimator 104;
determining a nominal phase angle for each phase of the power supply by integrating the calculated angular frequency using a phase angle computation unit 106 operatively connected to the frequency estimator 104;
refining the nominal phase angle for each phase using a phase corrector 108; and
enabling synchronization of the power supply with the electrical unit by transmitting the synchronization signals through an output interface 110 operatively connected to the phase corrector 108.