FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A HYDROGEN-DIESEL DUAL FUEL POWER GENERATING SYSTEM
APPLICANT(S)
KIRLOSKAR OIL ENGINES LIMITED
Nationality: Indian Laxmanrao Kirloskar Road, Khadki, Pune – 411 003, Maharashtra, India.
PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

“A Hydrogen-Diesel Dual Fuel Power Generating System”
Field of Invention:
The present disclosure belongs to a field of power generation. More particularly the present invention is directed to an improvement and advancement of the existing compression ignition diesel engine systems for power generation.
In particular, the present invention relates to a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel system for diesel genset (i.e., power generating set) consisting of compression ignition diesel engine with mechanical rotary type fuel gear driven injection pump, high pressure fuel pipes, mechanical fuel injectors.
Background of Related Prior Arts:
Compression Ignition (CI) diesel engines are being used since long era for power generation application in various fields.
The diesel fuel is being used in motor vehicles that using the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine. In particular, most of the freight and delivery trucks as well as trains, buses, boats, farm, construction, military vehicles, some cars, and light trucks employ diesel engines. In addition, diesel fuel is also used in diesel-engine generators to generate electricity.
The diesel engines are considered as one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions, Many policies have been imposed worldwide in the recent years to reduce negative hazardous effects of diesel engine emissions on human health and environment. The four main pollutant emissions from the diesel engines are carbon monoxide-CO, hydrocarbons-HC, particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides-NOx. Consequently, nowadays, the world is moving towards decarbonisation (decarbonisation is the reduction of

carbon dioxide emissions through the use of low carbon power sources), wherein it uses hydrogen (H2) which is carbon neutral fuel.
In order to overcome the drawbacks and shortcomings associated with the diesel engines, various measures till now have been made. One of them is to use internal combustion engine with H2 (hydrogen), wherein the direct cylinder injection technology was employed, however, it observed that it requires complicated control system as well as major modifications in the base diesel engine wherein the engine protection is not considered for safe operation.
Thus, it can be seen that a need exists to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system that obviates the shortcomings and drawbacks associated with the existing prior art compression ignition (CI) diesel engines, and particularly problems associated with the pollutant emissions from the diesel engines.
Consequently, the Applicant has developed the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition (CI) diesel engine, which substantially diminishes the diesel consumption required for power generation and thereby reduces the pollutant emissions from the diesel engine and thus eventually reduces the hazardous effects of diesel engine emissions on human health and environment.
Object of the Present Invention:
The principal object of the present invention is to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for diesel genset, which overcomes the drawbacks associated with the existing prior arts.
Another object of the present invention is to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for diesel genset, which promote decarbonisation by reducing diesel consumption during power generation by the compression ignition diesel engine.

Yet another object of the present invention is to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition diesel engine, which reduces the pollutant emissions from the diesel engine and thereby eventually reduces the hazardous effects of the diesel engine emissions on human health and environment.
Still another object of the present invention is to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for diesel genset, which enhances the duration of dual fuel operation mode of the power generating system.
Yet, one more object of the present invention is to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition diesel genset, which proposes continuous hydrogen supply without any interruption.
Still, one more object of the present invention is to develop hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition diesel genset, which enables an automatic switchover between the diesel operation mode and hydrogen (H2)-diesel dual fuel operation mode, without any manual intervention, based on engine load conditions.
Brief Description of Drawings:
Fig. 1 depicts a schematic diagram of the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition (CI) diesel engine according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the hydrogen fuel supply system schematic for compression ignition (CI) diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a perspective the flow diagram of hydrogen-diesel dual fuel kit schematic for compression ignition (CI) diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a graphical presentation illustrating the hydrogen substitution for diesel vs. engine load on hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition (CI) diesel engine according to present invention.
Summary of Invention:
A hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) according to the present invention comprises a hydrogen storage system (H) that having hydrogen cylinder bank connected to a switchover panel through a plurality of manifolds and adapted to store hydrogen (H2) gas; a hydrogen supply line configured for supplying hydrogen gas from at least one of the hydrogen cylinder bank to a compression ignition diesel engine; a leak detection system having a plurality of leak detectors disposed proximate to the hydrogen cylinders; a flashback arrestor disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL) and adapted to prevent the flame traveling back to the hydrogen cylinders in case of fire accident; a plurality of pressure regulators disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL) and adapted to regularize the pressure of the hydrogen storage system (H); an air-gas mixer is disposed along the hydrogen supply line for homogenous mixture of air and hydrogen before introducing into the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6); a dual fuel mode indicator to identify that the hydrogen dual fuel mode is active; and a control panel having PLC (programmable logic controller) and a LED (light emitting diode).
The hydrogen supply line (HL) according to the present invention is further equipped alongside with a pre-set fuel control valve being configured to control the amount of hydrogen introduced in the compression ignition diesel engine for optimum hydrogen substitutions throughout all load conditions of engine; an exhaust temperature sensor, a vibration sensor and a fuel shutoff valve configured to prevent the supply of hydrogen (H2) when the temperature signal of the exhaust gases and vibrational signal of the compression ignition diesel engine received by the control panel reaches to a threshold value. Moreover, the compression ignition diesel engine (6) also equipped with the air intake manifold pressure sensor and an

air intake manifold temperature sensor disposed at the air intake pipe of compression ignition engine (6), wherein the air intake manifold pressure sensor and the air intake manifold temperature sensor are configured to provide indication of feedback load on diesel engine and automatically switchover from diesel operation mode to hydrogen-diesel dual operation fuel operation mode based on feedback load on diesel engine.
Detailed Description of the Present Invention:
The nature of the invention and the manner in which it works is clearly described in the present complete specification. The invention has various embodiments and they are explicitly described in the following pages of the complete specification. Before elaborating the present invention, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not for limitation.
Before explaining the present invention, it is to be understood that the term “diesel genset or genset” refers to a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating set which works on compression ignition cycle and configured with mechanical rotary type fuel gear driven diesel injection pump, high pressure diesel fuel pipes, mechanical diesel fuel injectors operates at high injection pressure and an air-gas mixer. Further, the reduction in diesel consumption achieved by the present invention is measured in percentage and to be referred to as “substitution ratio of H2 fuel with diesel”.
The present invention refers to a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for diesel genset, which facilitates an automatic switchover between diesel operating mode and hydrogen (H2)-diesel dual-fuel mode operation, without any manual intervention, based on the engine load conditions; promote decarbonisation by reducing diesel consumption during power generation by the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine and thereby reduces the pollutant emissions from the

diesel engine and thus eventually reduces the hazardous effects of the diesel engine emissions on human health and environment.
In accordance with the Figs. 1 and Fig. 2, the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) for compression ignition (CI) engine (6) according to the present invention comprises a hydrogen storage system (H) connected to a switchover panel (3) through a plurality of manifolds; a hydrogen supply line (HL) for supplying hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage system (H) to the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) is equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges; and a leak detection system having a plurality of leak detectors (L1, L2) disposed proximate to the hydrogen storage system (H).
Further, referring to Figs. 1-2, the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power system (A) including hydrogen storage system (H) comprises at least two hydrogen cylinder (1, 2) banks configured to store hydrogen (H2) gas and connected to the switchover panel (3) through a plurality of manifolds and adapted to store H2 (hydrogen) gas; a flashback arrestor (4) disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL); a plurality of pressure regulators (P1, P2, P3) disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL) and configured to regularize the pressure of the hydrogen cylinders (1, 2); an air-gas mixer (5) is disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL) configured for homogenous mixture of air and hydrogen before introducing into the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6); and a dual fuel mode visual indicator configured to identify that the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel mode is active.
In continuation to Figs. 1-2 and in accordance with the important embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) according to the present invention comprises:
• a pre-set fuel control valve being disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL) and is configured to control the amount of hydrogen (H2) introduced in the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine for optimum hydrogen substitutions throughout all load conditions;

• the switchover panel (3) is configured to automatically connect the second hydrogen cylinder bank (2) when the pressure in the first hydrogen cylinder bank (1) falls below a threshold value after consumption of hydrogen;
• compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) is equipped with the air intake manifold pressure sensor and the air intake manifold temperature sensor disposed at the air intake pipe of compression ignition engine (6), wherein the air intake manifold pressure sensor and the air intake manifold temperature sensor are configured to provide an indication of feedback load on diesel engine and automatically switchover from the diesel operation mode to hydrogen operation mode based on feedback load; and
• the hydrogen supply line (HL) is equipped alongside with an exhaust temperature sensor, a vibration sensor and an electronic fuel shutoff valve that is configured to prevent the supply of hydrogen (H2) gas, when the temperature signal of the exhaust gases and vibrational signal of the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) reaches to a threshold value.
It is to be understood that the reduction in diesel consumption during operation of the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system achieved by the present invention is measured in percentage and to be referred as “substitution ratio of H2 fuel with diesel”. For example, the maximum possible hydrogen (H2) substitution achieved by the present invention is 87% (i.e., 87% H2 and 13% diesel of total fuel consumption) at partial loads on genset, considering knock tendency of H2 with higher substitution in high compression ratio engine and 85% reduction in CO2 emissions.
Moreover, the switchover panel (3), according to the present invention, connecting the hydrogen cylinder banks (1, 2) of the hydrogen system (H) includes a plurality of gas filters and high-pressure regulators; and the flashback arrestor (4) being disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL) is configured to prevent the flame traveling back to the hydrogen cylinder banks (1, 2) in case of any fire accidental case. Further, the visual dual fuel mode indicator for identifying that the

hydrogen dual fuel mode is active, includes a green indicator signal illustrating an active hydrogen-diesel dual fuel operation mode and a red indicator signal illustrating a diesel fuel operation mode.
The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system further comprises a control panel consisting of PLC (programmable logic controller) and a LED display (light emitting diode), wherein the control panel is configured for collecting the data from all the sensors and provides an output accordingly to the H2 fuel shutoff valve for respective operation.
Referring to Figs. 2-3, the method for operating the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) according to the operational characteristics of the present invention comprising:
a) at the outset, initiating the diesel ignition as the temperature inside the cylinder reaches an auto ignition temperature of diesel after compression stroke,
b) the hydrogen and air mixture gets ignited after the injection of diesel inside cylinders after compression stroke, since the hydrogen auto ignition temperature is higher than diesel and hence the diesel combustion take place prior to hydrogen,
c) the amount of hydrogen introduced into the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) is controlled through a pre-set fuel control valve equipped with the hydrogen supply line (HL) for optimum hydrogen substitutions throughout all load conditions,
d) automatically connecting the second hydrogen cylinder bank (2), when the pressure in the first hydrogen cylinder bank (1) falls below a threshold value after consumption of hydrogen, through the switchover panel (3);
e) automatically switchover from diesel operation mode to hydrogen-diesel dual fuel operation mode based on feedback load on the diesel engine (6), wherein the air intake manifold pressure sensor and the air intake manifold temperature

sensor equipped with the compression ignition (CI) engine (6) are configured to provide an indication of feedback load on the diesel engine (6), f) automatically preventing the supply of hydrogen (H2) through an electronic fuel shutoff valve, when the temperature signal of the exhaust gases and vibrational signal of the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) reaches to a threshold value.
The present invention is further illustrated more in detail in the below-mentioned example referenced by the Fig. 4, wherein the example describes an embodiment which is within the scope of present invention. This example is given solely for the purpose of illustration and should not be construed as limitation of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope.
As shown in Fig. 4, it depicts a graphical presentation illustrating the hydrogen (H2) gas substitution for diesel vs. load with hydrogen-diesel dual fuel system on compression ignition (CI) diesel engine according to the present invention. In this graphical presentation, it is explicitly exemplified that the 0% (zero percent) H2 substitution means the genset is solely running on diesel as mono-fuel and 100% H2 substitution means the genset is solely running on hydrogen (H2) as mono-fuel.
As illustrated in Fig. 4, it is observed (based on the experimental analysis) that the maximum hydrogen (H2) substitution at each and every engine load can be achieved by varying the fuel control valve. Further, the fuel control valve position is required to keep constant to achieve the maximum hydrogen (H2) substitution at 75% engine load (as genset normally runs at this load point in the field). In addition, in actual hydrogen (H2) control map, the load-based cut off of the hydrogen (H2) fuel is given based on the air intake manifold pressure value, so that it will operate on hydrogen-diesel dual fuel mode between 20% to 80% engine load.

Technical Advancement/Effects Attained by Present Invention:
The novel hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system for compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (genset) according to the present invention promotes decarbonisation by reducing the diesel consumption during power generation through the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine, and thereby enables reducing the pollutant emissions from the diesel engine and thus eventually reduces hazardous effects of the diesel engine emissions on human health and environment.
In addition, the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system according to present invention also enhances the dual fuel operation mode of the system and proposes a continuous hydrogen supply without any interruption through the switchover panel and enables an automatic switchover between diesel and hydrogen (H2) during the dual-fuel mode operation without any manual intervention, based on the engine load conditions.
The present invention may have various embodiments with the similar inventive concept that should be construed within the purview of the present invention. The terms and phrases used in the present complete specification are solely for the purposes of explanation and elaboration only and it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

We Claim:
1. A hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) comprising:
a hydrogen storage system (H) having at least two hydrogen cylinder banks (1, 2) connected to a switchover panel (3) through a plurality of manifolds;
a hydrogen supply line (HL) configured for supplying hydrogen gas (H2) from at least one of the hydrogen cylinder banks (1, 2) to a compression ignition diesel engine (6); the hydrogen supply line (HL) equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges;
a leak detection system having a plurality of leak detectors (L1, L2) disposed proximate to the hydrogen cylinders (1, 2);
a flashback arrestor (4) and an air-gas mixer (5) disposed along the hydrogen supply line (HL);
a plurality of pressure regulators (P1, P2, P3) disposed alongside the hydrogen supply line (HL);
a dual fuel mode indicator (7) operably connected to the dual fuel power generating system (A) and adapted to identify that the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel mode is active; and
a control panel (8) operably connected to the dual fuel mode indicator (7) and having PLC (programmable logic controller) and a LED (light emitting diode);
characterized in that,
the hydrogen supply line (HL) equipped alongside with a pre-set fuel control valve configured to control the amount of hydrogen introduced in the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) for optimum hydrogen substitutions throughout all the load conditions of engine (6);
the switchover panel (3) configured to automatically connect the second hydrogen cylinder (2) when the pressure in the first hydrogen cylinder (1) falls below a threshold value after consumption of hydrogen;

the compression ignition (CI) engine (6) equipped with a manifold pressure sensor and a manifold temperature sensor disposed at the air intake manifold of compression ignition (CI) engine(6), wherein the air intake manifold pressure sensor and the air intake manifold temperature sensor are configured to provide an indication of the feedback load on the diesel engine (6) and automatically switchover from diesel operation mode to hydrogen-diesel dual fuel operation mode based on the feedback load on the diesel engine (6);
the hydrogen supply line (HL) equipped alongside with an exhaust temperature sensor, a vibration sensor and a fuel shutoff valve that is configured to prevent the supply of hydrogen (H2) to the compression ignition diesel engine (6), when the temperature signal of the exhaust gases and vibrational signal of the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) received by the control panel (8) reaches to a threshold value.
2. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switchover panel (3) comprises gas filters and high-pressure regulators.
3. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, the hydrogen cylinder banks (1, 2) are configured to store hydrogen (H2) gas.
4. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flashback arrestor (4) is configured to prevent the flame traveling back towards the hydrogen cylinders (1, 2), in case of fire accidental case.
5. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of pressure regulators (P1, P2, P3) are adapted to regularize the pressure of the hydrogen storage system (H).

6. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air-gas mixer (5) is configured to produce homogenous mixture of air and hydrogen, before introducing into the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6).
7. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dual fuel mode indicator (7) is a visual indicator being configured to identify that the hydrogen dual fuel mode is active, wherein the visual indicator (7) consisting of a green indicator signal illustrating an active hydrogen-diesel dual fuel operation mode and a red indicator signal illustrating a mono diesel fuel operation mode of the system (A).
8. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control panel (8) consisting of PLC (programmable logic controller) and a LED (light emitting diode) display being configured to collect the data from all the sensors and adapted to provide an output to the fuel shutoff valve for operation.
9. The hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel shutoff valve configured to prevent the supply of hydrogen (H2) gas is an electronic fuel shutoff valve.
10. A method for operating the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel power generating system (A) as claimed in claims 1-9, wherein the method comprising:

a) initiating the diesel ignition as the temperature inside the cylinder reaches to an auto ignition temperature of the diesel after compression stroke,
b) igniting the hydrogen and air mixture after the injection of diesel inside cylinders after compression stroke, since the hydrogen auto ignition

temperature is higher than diesel and hence the diesel combustion take place prior to hydrogen,
c) controlling the amount of hydrogen introduced in the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) through a pre-set fuel control valve equipped with the hydrogen supply line (HL) for the optimum hydrogen substitutions throughout all load conditions of the engine (6),
d) automatically connecting the second hydrogen cylinder bank (2), when the pressure in the first hydrogen cylinder bank (1) falls below a threshold value after consumption of hydrogen, through the switchover panel (3);
e) automatically switchover from the diesel operation mode to the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel operation mode based on feedback load on the diesel engine (6), wherein the air intake manifold pressure sensor and the air intake manifold temperature sensor equipped with the compression ignition (CI) engine (6) are configured to provide an indication of the feedback load on the diesel engine (6),
f) automatically preventing the supply of hydrogen (H2) through an electronic fuel shutoff valve, when the temperature signal of the exhaust gases and vibrational signal of the compression ignition (CI) diesel engine (6) received by the control panel (8) reaches to a threshold value.