DESC:Field of Invention:
The Present invention relates, generally, to medical devices to occlude a hole, a cavity, an appendage, and particularly, but not exclusively, to occlude a hole or a cavity of a left atrial appendage.

Background:
Abnormal heart rhythm, commonly called arrhythmia, is characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the heart. It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating and in critical cases the pulse rate increases up to 300 beats per minute and effective atrial systolic function is lost. A sustained condition is called atrial fibrillation that increases the probability of heart stroke by three to five times.
There is no single cause for atrial fibrillation but blood clotting, blood leakage through holes in heart walls or in coronary arteries/veins, weak heart chambers or valves are some of the reasons. These causes can be divided in valvular atrial fibrillation and non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The human body has some natural cavities which are either non-functional or have a function that is required in rare occasions. However, in some cases, they may cause an issue that interrupts the normal functioning of the human body. These issues can be due to their abnormal growth, or they develop an ailment in themselves. Left atrium has one cavity termed as left atrium appendage that is a little pouch present in the wall of the left atrium and used as a decompression chamber in situation of high blood pressure. However, in some cases, blood collects here and may form clots. Sometimes these clots may go in blood stream and forms blood clots that may go in blood stream and cause a stroke. Such cases are categorized in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The situation worsens if this appendage grows and the shape of the appendage also changes.
At present, either surgically or percutaneously, an occluder is implanted at the entry of the appendage. Sometimes the occluder dislodge due to poor control on positioning of the occluder and improper design of the occluder. Appendage size also varies from person to person and selection of an oversized or undersized device also causes embolization. An oversized device is under excess compressive force on deployment and the anchors present on the periphery of the device penetrates excessively into the walls of the appendage and causes discomfort to patients. On the other hand, the undersized device could not get fixed inside the cavity, and it may fall inside or outside of appendage cavity into the left atrium. The shape and/or anchoring features of occluder should provide adequate radial strength for atraumatic fixation or anchoring support at the implantation location. Also, there should not be any blood leakage from sides or through the occluder. In addition, sometimes, the edges of the occluder cause erosion of the tissue wall due to frictional stress generated at sharp edges of the occluder due to continuous movement of heart mascles (contraction and expansion at each pulse). This may result in device failure in few days to few months. It may cause additional complications as well. Hene, the tissue erosion should be minimal after occluder implantation. Another failure of such devices is formation of thrombus on the device that slip to the blood stream and may cause atrial fibrillation.
Hence, there is need for an occluder to address above mentioned shortcomings and it is an objective of the present invention to provide a medical device, specifically an occluder for deployment and to treat such appendages with no dislodgement and minimized thrombus formation.
Summary
The invention, as per the present disclosure, explains a medical device, specifically an occluder, that can be percutaneously implanted in a human body to close or obstruct an appendage or a hole or a cavity. The structure of the occluder is of an Apple shape wherein the occluder has an upper area and a lower area. Longitudinally (Y-axis), the occluder has an upper end and a lower end. The occluder has a diameter at the upper end that slightly increase with respect to the longitudinal axis in direction of the lower end till a middle area. After the middle area, the diameter starts slightly reducing till the lower end. The diameter in the upper area and the lower area can be termed as an upper area diameter and a lower area diameter, respectively. The upper area dimeter and the lower area diameter can be either equal or unequal.
The occluder is made of a plurality of wires that are woven together in a particular pattern to form a braided structure. The material to make the wires used in preparing the braided structure is selected from shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer, metal, alloy, polymer, or a combination thereof. A first end of these wires are collected together and kept in a first screw connector and a second end of these wires are also collected and kept in a a second screw connector. To ensure fixedness of these ends to the connectors, the collected ends are either put very tightly or welded to the connectors or joined using adhesive. middle area
Optionally, the lower area of the occluder, partially or completely, is covered, either inside or outside, using a fabric cover. The fabric cover helps in minimizing thrombus formation and thrombus leakage. Further, the occluder also comprises a plurality of anchors to keep the device at its place after deployment.
Brief Description of Drawing
The Detail description is described with reference to the accompanying figures.
FIG. 1 illustrates an isometric view of an occluder and showing an upper area, according to an embodiment of present invention;
FIG 2. Illustrates an isometric view of an occluder and showing a lower area, according to an embodiment of present invention;
FIG 3. Illustrates a front view of an occluder without a fabric cover, according to an embodiment of present invention;
FIG 4. Illustrates front, cross-sectional view of an occluder, with cover, according to an embodiment of present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional, front-view of the occluder (200) with indications of DM, DB, DR, Ø1 and Ø2, according to an embodiment of present invention.

Detail Description of the Invention
The invention is described below in detail with reference to accompanying drawings to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of invention understood more clearly with help of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or the like parts. Wherever possible, corresponding, or similar reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or corresponding parts.
Where the term “comprising” is used in the present description and claims, it does not exclude other elements or steps. Where an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun, e.g. “a” “an” or “the”, this includes a plural of that noun unless something otherwise is specifically stated.
The invention is described below in detail with reference to accompanying drawings to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of invention understood more clearly with help of the specific embodiment of the invention.
The invention explained in the present disclosure provides a medical device, specifically an occluder, that is plug type, that can be percutaneously implanted in a human body to close or obstruct an appendage or a hole or a cavity.
The occluder comprises an upper area, a middle area and a lower area. The occluder is primarily a braided structure that is made using a plurality of wires that are woven in a specific pattern to give the occluder an apple-like hollow structure. The upper area of the occluder comprises an upper end and a first screw connector. The lower area of the occluder comprises a lower end, a lower cavity and a second screw connector. In addition, optionally, the occluder comprises a plurality of anchors. Further, optionally, the occluder also comprises a fabric cover.
The upper area has an upper area diameter, and the lower area has a lower area diameter. The upper end of the occluder has an initial value of the upper area diameter and this value increases gradually in continuous manner with respect to the longitudinal axis and as the device contour moves towards the middle area. The upper area diameter reaches to a maximum value, a middle area diameter (DM) at the middle area. The middle area diameter may be constant for a predetermined small distance forming a cylindrical rim structure. The lower area diameter starts from the middle area, and in the lower area, its value decreases gradually in continuous manner with respect to the longitudinal axis as the device contour moves towards the lower end. This gradual change in the lower area diameter with respect to the middle area diameter (DM) takes place at a lower area angle Ø2. The lower area angle Ø2 forms between the radial axis (X-axis) and a tangent drawn at the centre point of the lower area. The upper area diameter and the lower area diameter are equal in the middle area. The middle area is a rim or, optionally a cylindrical structure with a height parallel to the longitudinal axis. Usually, the upper area diameter, just before the middle area is slightly higher than the lower area diameter just after the middle area. The gradual change in the upper area diameter and the lower area diameter gives the occluder an apple-shaped appearance. However, different shape formations are possible too.
The upper end is a flat surface that has the first screw connector situated at the centre of the upper end in a small cavity. The first screw connector and the second screw connector are cylindrical hollow structures and they both comprise an outer portion and an inner portion. The outer portion has threads on the inner periphery. Optionally, the inner portion and the outer portion are separated with a partition that is situated inside the screw connector. Further, optionally, the outer portion of at least one screw connector is closed with a cap.
The plurality of woven wires make the braided structure of the occluder. A first ends of the wires are collected and attached to the inner portion of the first screw connector. The first ends of the wires are collected and tightly put together in the inner portion in such a manner so that no end can come out. Sometimes, the ends of the wire are either glued or welded to either inside the inner portion or on the outer periphery of the inner portion or attached to a plurality of holes created on the outer periphery of the inner portion. Similarly, a second ends of the wires are collected and attached to the inner portion of the second screw connector. The outer portion of the second screw connector also, optionally, has thread on the inner periphery. These threads are used to connect a delivery apparatus to the occluder. The second screw connector is situated in the lower cavity at the centre of the lower end of the lower area. The lower end also has flat surface.
The first ends of the wires are situated in the first screw connector and the wires are woven along the length of the wires till the second ends to form a woven mesh. The wires are made of a shape memory material and the woven mesh is given a specific shape. The woven mesh first forms the small cavity that forms on the upper end. The upper end is a flat surface having a diameter. At the periphery of the upper end, the woven mesh is turned towards the middle area while the upper end diameter gradually increases till the woven mesh reaches the middle area where the gradual increase in the upper area diameter reaches the maximum value. In the middle area, the diameter, the middle area diameter (DM) is constant and the middle area takes a rim form and optionally, the middle area takes a cylindrical form. The woven mesh is further turned towards the lower area with a lower area diameter that gradually decreases till the woven mesh reaches the lower end. The woven mesh is again turned to the lower end wherein the lower end is also a flat surface. In the lower end, the woven mesh further forms the lower cavity and the second ends of the wires of the woven mesh terminates at the inner portion of the second screw connector thus forming the occluder.
The lower cavity in the lower end is bigger in size than the small cavity in the upper end. The lower cavity is bowl-shaped and helps in effective force distribution in the woven mesh and helps in maintaining the contour of the occluder. The lower cavity comprising a bottom disc having a bottom diameter (DB), an open rim having a rim diameter (DR) and a circular tapered wall that connects the bottom disc and the open rim at a lower cavity angle Ø1. The lower cavity angle Ø1 forms between the radial axis (X-axis) and a tangent drawn at the centre point of the circular tapered wall. On deployment of the occluder, the lower cavity prevents any undesired shape change in the outer contour of the occluder on deployment in the left atrium appendage.
Due to braided structure, any plane or surface of the occluder forms a curved structure at their ends or edges. For clarity purpose, while defining angles, a tangent at the centre of such plane or surface should be drawn and should be extended till it meets the longitudinal axis (Y-axis) or radial axis (X-axis) to form an angle of definite quantifiable value.
The shape of the lower cavity and the occluder may vary depending on different values of DM, DB, DR, Ø1, and Ø2. In addition, the selection of these values will also affect the curvature of the outer contour of the occluder in the lower area. The outer contour of the occluder is designed in a manner to avoid the sharp corners and that helps in reduction or elimination of tissue wall erosion.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the occluder shape contributes to keep the occluder affixed at its deployment location. The tissue walls of the deployment location e.g. LAA mouth or opening, exert a compressive force on the occluder. As a good practice, the criteria to select size of the occluder is that the diameter of the occluder should be slightly higher than the effective diameter of the hole or cavity that need to be occluded. The occluder design should resist this compressive force i.e. the radial strength of the occluder should be higher than the compressive force exerted by the tissue wall of the hole or cavity that intended to be occluded. Also, if a significant portion of the peripheral area of the occluder is in contact of the tissue wall or abutted with the tissues of the deployment location then it also helps in atraumatic fixation of the occluder at the deployment location. Also, it helps in growth of the tissue cells over surface of the occluder. For these objectives, the occluder is designed to have a sooth curvature in the upper area, the middle area and the lower area. The lower cavity design ensures uniform force distribution in the woven mesh and provides required structural support so that the occluder is not deformed significantly on deployment. The bottom diameter, the rim diameter and the lower cavity angle Ø1 ensures uniform force distribution in the woven mesh and also ensures required structural support so that the occluder is not deformed significantly on deployment and has adequate abutment and fixation with the tissue wall. The middle area diameter decides the size of the occluder, and the middle area acts as a main anchoring element. The bottom diameter will be smaller than the rim diameter and both these diameters will be smaller than the middle area diameter.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the ratio of DM to DR is in range of 1:0.95 to 1:0.15, specifically in range of 1:0.85 to 1:0.2 and more specifically in the range of 1:0.75 to 1:0.25.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the ratio of DR to DB is in range of 1:0.95 to 1:0.15, specifically in range of 1:0.85 to 1:0.2 and more specifically in the range of 1:0.75 to 1:0.25.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the value of the lower cavity angle (Ø1) formed between the radial axis (X-axis) and tangent drawn at the centre of the circular tapered wall is in the range of 10° to 85°, specifically in the range of 20° to 75° and more specifically in the range of 25° to 70°.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the value of the lower area angle (Ø2) formed between the radial axis (X-axis) and tangent drawn at the centre of the lower area is in the range of 95° to 160°, specifically in the range of 100° to 150° and more specifically in the range of 110° to 140°.
Optionally, the lower area, completely or partially, is covered with a fabric cover either on its outer peripheral surface or on its inner peripheral surface or on both the surfaces. The fabric cover is either sutured or adhered to the occluder. The fabric cover is also beneficial for better endothelization.
The wires are made of the shape memory material that allows to make a structure in different shapes and sizes that deforms on applying a force and returns to their original form once the force is removed. Further, being made of woven wires, locations of the diameter change or the edges of the lower cavity are smoothly curved.
Further, a plurality of anchors are situated on the outer periphery of the occluder projecting outwardly from the outer contour of the occluder. The location of the anchors is either on the middle area or on the upper area/ lower area but closer to the middle area. These anchors are primarily hook shaped, but not limited to the said shape and may include various shape such as V-shaped, straight anchor at an angle etc. The direction of the anchors may also be in same direction, in opposing direction or at an angle with the radial axis. The anchors are either attached separately to the woven mesh of the occluder or may be a part of the woven mesh. The anchors may also be of equal or unequal lengths.
During implantation of an occluder device, the upper area enters the deployment site i.e. anatomical cavity or hole, followed by the lower area. The upper area assists to anchor the device at it selected location. Based on the anatomy, including, but not limited to, shape, diameter, and depth, of the hole and the space between the walls and the upper area, a part of the upper area’s outer peripheral surface area abuts with the walls of the cavity or hole. This anchors the occluder within the cavity or hole. The lower area also occlude some part of the cavity or hole. The lower area abuts with the walls of the cavity or hole at either the entrance of such cavity or hole or just inside the entrance of such cavity or hole.
Usually, the occluder selected from deployment is of larger diameter then the diameter of the cavity or hole. Hence, after the deployment, the upper part and the lower part experience compressive force exerted by the walls of the cavity or hole. The occluder also exerts a resistive force in a direction opposite to the compressive force. The resultant force helps to anchor the occluder at a particular contacting point and also keeps the occluder at its location. Further, the anchors, if attached to the occluder, present on the outer peripheral surface penetrates the cavity walls and aids in preventing dislodgement and increasing stability. Device shape and flexibility of braided wires helps device to conform better with left atrial appendage cavity The bigger diameter of the upper area of the occluder anchor inside the cavity and helps in preventing leakage of thrombosis and also prevents formation of thrombosis. The lower cavity at the lower end prevents device from undesired bulging out of the outer contour of the occluder and increases stability of the occluder. one part of the occluder is covered, partially or fully, using a fabric cover to minimize thrombus formation and thrombus leakage,
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the occluder may have additional means for sealing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the occluder may have radiopaque markers at suitable points on its peripheral surface.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the occluder is recapturable and repositionable up to its complete length provided the occluder is not detached from the delivery cable.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the occluder, including anchor, is selected from, but not limited to, metal, non-metal, alloy, polymer, shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer, bioresorbable material or combinations thereof. Specifically, the material of the occluder is selected from, but not limited to, Stainless steel, Cobalt alloys, pure Iron, Nickel-Titanium alloys, Tantalum, Niobium, Nickel alloys, Magnesium alloys, Zinc alloys, L605, MP25N, Nitinol, Co-Cr, CuZnAl, CuAlNi, polytetrafluoroethylene, polylactide, ethylene-vinyl acetate or combinations thereof. In addition, based on the material selected for the occluder, the delivery mechanism can be a balloon catheter or a catheter for self-expanding devices.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the fabric cover is selected from, but not limited to polymer, cotton, bio-derived, Nano-structured Fabrics, Functionalized Fabrics, Self-healing Fabrics, Smart-sensing Fabrics, Composite Fabrics, Polyurethane, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyethylene, ePTFE, PET, Polyester silk, or a combination thereof. Specifically, the material of the fabric cover is non-woven Polypropylene (spun-bound).
According to an embodiment of the invention, the occluder, the fabric cover or both are coated, completely or partially, with a coating. The coating composition may be selected from polymeric, metallic, metallic alloy based, non-metallic, clay-based, biological, pharmaceutical, chemical, non-polymeric or combinations thereof. In addition, the coating may contain at least an active agent, an additive to enhance either physical, chemical, or biological performance, a biodegradable polymer, a hydrophilic compound, or combinations thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polymer used in the coating is selected from, but not limited to biodegradable polymers, non-biodegradable polymers, polymers of L-lactide, Glycolide or combinations of thereof, poly(hydroxybutyrate), polyorthoesters, poly anhydrides, poly(glycolic acid), poly(glycolide), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(L-lactide), poly(D-lactic acid), poly(D-lactide), poly(caprolactone), poly(trimethylene carbonate), polyester amide, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, polyimides, polyethers, and copolymers and combinations thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the term “active agent” refers to any biologically active compound or a pharmaceutical compound or a drug compound that can be used in a composition that is suitable for administration in mammals including humans. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the active agent is anti-cancer drug, antiproliferation drug, anti-restenosis drugs, neurolytic agents, Quaternary ammonium salts, Sodium channel blockers, anesthetics, amino acids, amines, Calcium channel blockers, diuretics, vasovasorum constrictors, neurotransmitter chemicals, venom, sclerosant agents, anti-nerve growth agents, aminosteroids, neurotoxins, antithrombotics, antioxidants, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics, anti-inflammatories, antimitotic, antimicrobial, smooth muscle cell inhibitors, antibiotics, fibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, antiangiogenic, antirestenotic, antineoplastic, antimigrative, anti-antigenic agents, or a combination thereof. Examples of the drug include, but are not limited to, everolimus, sirolimus, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, zotarolimus, biolimus, paclitaxel, rapamycin, and combination thereof. In another embodiment, there can be more than one active agent in the coating to deliver at the target lesion.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the coating formulation can be coated on the occluder through spray coating, dip coating, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, evaporating deposition, sputtering deposition, ion plating, atmospheric pressure plasma deposition, sol-gel method, and 3-D printing.
Given below is an embodiment of the present invention described using accompanying drawings.
FIG 1. Illustrates an isometric view, showing from upper side, of an occluder (200), comprises an upper area (202), a lower area (204), and a first screw connector (210). A first ends of the plurality of wires (214) are collected and kept in the first screw connector (210). Multiple anchors (208) are attached to the periphery of the occluder. The lower area (204) is covered by a fabric cover (216).
Fig. 2 illustrates an isometric view of the occluder (200), showing from lower side. The figure specifically shows a lower area (204) of the occluder (200) wherein the lower area (204) is covered with a fabric cover (216). A plurality of anchors (208) are situated on the outer periphery of the occluder (200). The lower area (204) further comprises a second screw connector (212), a lower cavity (207) and a lower end (220). The second screw connector (212) holds a second ends of the wires. The lower cavity (207) is situated in the centre of the lower end (220) and helps in maintaining stability of the occluder (200) on deployment. The lower area (204) is connected to a middle area (206) that is further connected to the upper area (202).
Fig. 3 illustrates a front view of the occluder (200), without fabric cover. The occluder comprises an upper area (202), a lower (204) and a middle area (206) that is made of a plurality of wires (214). The upper area (202) comprises an upper end (218) and the lower area (204) comprises a lower end (220). The lower end has a lower cavity (207) too. Further, a plurality of the anchors (208) are situated on the outer periphery of the occluder (200).
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional, front-view of an occluder (200). The occluder is made of a braided structure that is made of a plurality of wires (214) which are woven in a particular pattern to make a woven mesh. The upper area (202), made of the woven mesh, initiates from the first screw connector (210) situated at the centre of the upper end (218) of the occluder (200). The woven mesh extends to the middle area (206) and further extends to the lower area (204). The lower area (204) further comprises a lower end (220) that has a lower cavity (207) in the centre. A second screw connector (212) is situated in the lower cavity (207). A second ends of the plurality of wires terminates in the second screw connector (212).
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional, front-view of the occluder (200) with indications of DM, DB, DR, Ø1, and Ø2.
In the above description, for the purpose of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without these details. One skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present disclosure, one of which is described below, may be incorporated into a number of systems. Further, structures and devices shown in the figures are illustrative of exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and are meant to avoid obscuring the present disclosure.
200 Occluder
202 Upper Area
204 Lower Area
206 Middle Area
218 Upper End
220 Lower End
207 Lower Cavity
208 Anchor
210 First Screw Connector
212 Second Screw Connector
214 Wire
216 Fabric Cover
222 Bottom Disc
224 Open Rim
226 Circular Tapered Wall

,CLAIMS:
1. An occluder (200) to occlude an appendage opening or a coronary hole, the occluder (200) comprising:
an upper area (202) having an upper area diameter, and an upper end (218);
a lower area (204) having a lower end diameter and a lower end (220);
a middle area (206) having a middle area diameter (DM); and
a lower cavity (207) situated within the lower area (204),
wherein the lower cavity (207) having a bottom disc (222) of a bottom diameter (DB), an open rim (224) of a rim diameter (DR), and a circular tapered wall (226) connecting the bottom disc (222) and the open rim (224) at a lower cavity angle (Ø1).

2. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle area diameter (DM) is constant.

3. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle area diameter (DM) is bigger than the rim diameter (DR), and the rim diameter (DR) is bigger than the bottom diameter (DB).

4. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower end diameter decreases gradually from the middle area diameter (DM) till the lower end (220) at a lower area angle (Ø2).

5. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the middle area diameter (DM) to the rim diameter (DR) is in range of 1:0.95 to 1:0.15.

6. The occluder (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the bottom diameter (DR) to the rim diameter (DB) is in range of 1:0.95 to 1:0.15.

7. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower cavity angle (Ø1) ranges between 10° to 85°.

8. The occluder (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lower area angle (Ø2) ranges between 95° to 160°.

9. The occluder (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the occluder (200) has an apple shaped structure.

10. The occluder (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower cavity (207) has a bowl shaped structure.

11. The occluder (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the occluder (200) is made of a braided structure.

12. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the braided structure is made of a plurality of wires (214) that are knitted to form the braided structure.

13. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ends of the wires (214) are collected and attached to a first screw connector (210) and another ends of the wires (214) are collected and attached to a second screw connector (212).

14. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the material of the wire (214) is selected from metal, non-metal, alloy, shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer, polymer, biodegradable material, bioresorbable material or combinations thereof.

15. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the material of the wire (214) is selected from Stainless steel, Cobalt alloys, Iron, Nickel-Titanium alloys, Tantalum, Niobium, Nickel alloys, Magnesium alloys, Zinc alloys, L605, MP25N, Nitinol, CuZnAl, CuAlNi, or combinations thereof.

16. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the occluder (200) has a hollow structure and, optionally, comprises a fabric cover (216).

17. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the fabric cover (216) is selected from a polymeric material, a non-polymeric material, silk, cotton, cellulose, lignin, or combinations thereof.

18. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the occluder (200) is coated, completely or partially, with a coating.

19. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 18, wherein the coating is selected from polymeric, metallic, metallic alloy based, non-metallic, clay-based, biological, biodegradable, pharmaceutical, chemical, non-polymeric coatings or combinations thereof.

20. The occluder (200) as claimed in claims 18 or 19, wherein the coating comprises at least one active agent.

21. The occluder (200) as claimed in any of claims 18 to 20, wherein the coating comprises at least one additive to enhance either physical, chemical, therapeutical or biological performance of the coating.

22. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 19, wherein the polymer used in the coating is selected from biodegradable polymers, nonbiodegradable polymers, polymers of L-lactide, Glycolide, poly(hydroxybutyrate), polyorthoesters, poly anhydrides, poly(glycolic acid), poly(glycolide), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(L-lactide), poly(D-lactic acid), poly(D-lactide), poly(caprolactone), poly(trimethylene carbonate), polyester amide, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, polyimides, polyethers or combinations thereof..

23. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 20, wherein the active agent is selected from anti-cancer drug, antiproliferation drug, antirestenosis drugs, neurolytic agents, Quaternary ammonium salts, Sodium channel blockers, anesthetics, amino acids, amines, Calcium channel blockers, diuretics, vasovasorum constrictors, neurotransmitter chemicals, venom, sclerosant agents, anti-nerve growth agents, aminosteroids, neurotoxins, antithrombotics, antioxidants, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics, antiinflammatories, antimitotic, antimicrobial, smooth muscle cell inhibitors, antibiotics, fibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, antiangiogenic, antirestenotic, antineoplastic, antimigrative, anti-antigenic agents, everolimus, sirolimus, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, zotarolimus, biolimus, paclitaxel, rapamycin or combinations thereof.

24. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 19, wherein occluder is coated by a method selected from spray coating, dip coating, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, evaporating deposition, sputtering deposition, ion plating, atmospheric pressure plasma deposition, sol-gel method, 3-D printing or combinations thereof.

25. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein periphery of the occluder (200) comprises a plurality of anchors (208).

26. The occluder (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the occluder is completely recapturable.