Description:FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention provides for alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints preferably solvent-borne and pigmented coating formulations thereof that are compatible with non-universal water-based colorants based on the involvement of select pigment dispersant additive at select dosage levels adapted to ensure improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatibilizers, said alkyd-based architectural enamels remaining tint able with (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (b) universal water-based machine colorants and (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants.
BACKGROUND ART
The prior arts disclose a broad range of additives/compatibilizers. The flexibility of tinting of alkyd-based architectural enamels with wide variety of pigment dispersions which are manufactured in-house is difficult with those additives as available in literature and in public domain knowledge as per below.
US3,210,302 relates to emulsifiable and/or emulsion primer compositions for exterior use, such as would be used in priming the bare wood of frame houses, and relates secondarily to improved emulsion exterior coating compositions of general use. It relates more particularly to emulsifiable and/or emulsion primers and coatings in which the principal, and preferably sole, protective film-forming material is "isocyanated oil.” Of special importance as emulsifiers are blends of alkyl aryl sulfonates and alkyl sulfates having HLB values in the above range. Atlas G-3300 and Witco 918 are commercial alkyl aryl sulfonate products of HLB value 11.71; specifically both of these products are isopropyl amine dodecyl benzene sulfonate. They can be used alone or in blends with for example sodium lauryl Sulfate in proportions such that the blend has an HLB value between 11.7 and 15. This prior art is related to oil in water dispersion and not related to any dispersion of water based colorants in oil based paints.
US20220144620A1 discloses a solvent-borne base paint or stain comprising one or more polymeric binders, one or more pigments or dyes, one or more vehicles or carriers, and at least one synergist that will disperse water-only fluid colorants throughout the solvent-borne base paint or stain, wherein the synergist preferably comprises a nonionic surfactant, and/ or dioctyl maleate, tributyl citrate, a dihydric or polyhydric alcohol, a polyether, a modified polyurea, a polyalkylene oxide or a combination thereof. An alkyl aryl sulfonate salt is also revealed that is an iso-propyl amine salt.

EP3438214A1 relates to point-of-sale custom color system for tinting base paints and stains, the system comprising: a) an array of water-only fluid colorants including at least white, green, blue and red colorants, the colorants being packaged in containers with a volume of 0.5 to 5 L and from which colorant may be gravimetrically or volumetrically dispensed via an automated or manual colorant dispenser into the base paint or stain; and b) at least one synergist containing, primarily or exclusively, one or more ingredients that will disperse the water-only colorants into solvent-borne base paints or stains, wherein the synergists are the same as above prior art.
EP3438215A1 scopes a point-of-sale custom color system for tinting base paints and stains, the system comprising synergists as mentioned above.
US20220010148A1 teaches a point-of-sale custom color system for tinting base paints and stains includes an array of water-only fluid colorants, including at least white, green, blue and red water-only colorants, which can be used to tint water-borne paints and stains. It is stated thereunder that when tinting solvent-borne base paints or stains, at least one siccative is added to the solvent-borne base paint or stains at the point-of sale and a synergist containing one or more surfactants and optional dispersing agents or optional cosolvents is also added to or is a part of the solvent-borne base paint or stains. Collectively, the siccative and synergist enable effective tinting using the water-only colorants and suitable drying characteristics of the solvent-borne paint or stain.
US20220010149A1 is directed to a point-of-sale custom color system for tinting base paints and stains, the system comprising at least one siccative, a surfactant or cosolvent, and an optional dispersing agent and includes alkyl aryl sulfonate isopropyl amine salt.
EP3305840A1 discloses solvent borne alkyd paint composition comprising a universal colorant of organic pigment or inorganic pigment, a solvent borne alkyd base paint and a fatty acid amidoamine, said fatty acid amidoamine is the condensation product of a fatty acid or their corresponding ester or fatty oil and a polyamine, characterized in that the polyamine is an aliphatic polyamine with an amine functionality of at least 2 and that the polyamine comprises at least one primary amine group and at least one tertiary amine group.
US7318864B2 teaches a solid pigment preparation including as essential constituents (A) from 60 to <90% by weight of at least one pigment, (B) from 10 to <40% by weight of at least one nonionic surface-active additive based on polyethers, and (C) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of at least one anionic surface-active additive based on sulfonates of alkyl amine salts of alkyl aryl sulfonate, sulfates, phosphonates or phosphates, the sum total of the weight percentages not exceeding 100% by weight.
WO2016040641A1 is directed to a low VOC universal colorant composition for both solvent-based and water-based paints and coatings is provided. The composition includes a colorant component, a universal surfactant package including alkyl amine salts of alkyl aryl sulfonate; and a carrier. The colorant composition shows excellent stability with respect to viscosity, pH, and Hegman grind over time. The colorant composition is used to tint a base paint formulation which, after tinting, shows a desirable rheological profile and optimal block and tack resistance relative to base paints tinted using standard colorant lines.
Reference is also invited to the following prior arts:
JP2021161277A discloses solution composition which can provide a film having a high rust-inhibiting effect, and, a film and a composite member including the same. SOLUTION: A solution composition has (A) a substituted or unsubstituted polyaniline doped with an ion of a compound having a sulfonic acid group, (B) metal sulfonate, and (C) solvent. The content of (A) component is 0.01-50 mass% relative to the total of the solution composition, and the content of (B) component is 0.1-30 mass% relative to the total of the solution composition. The object of this prior art is to provide a solution composition capable of obtaining a film exhibiting a high rust preventive effect, a film using the solution, and a composite member, and does not mention anything about tinting using pigment dispersions and the associated requirement of having compatibility.
CN113462450, CN113416488 discloses anti corrosive wax composition and does not refer to tinting using machine colorants. These prior arts are not directed to ensure compatibility of colorant with the base paint to get the desired coloristic properties.
EP3670611A1 (corresponding IN202147007076 by FUCHS PETROLUB SE granted under IN405486) relates to anticorrosive agent that has a base composition of 40 to 50 weight% base fluid, 3 to 10 weight% alkyd resin, 10 to 20 weight% sulfonate and/or salicylate component, 15 to 25 weight~% filler, 0.003 to 0.007 weight% siccative catalyst, based in each case on the total mass of the anticorrosive agent, and JP2020012035 relates to an anticorrosive paint with overbased sulfonate salt in a non-polar solvent and a polar solvent obtained by dissolving a resin and a pigment for coating in a polar solvent which is stable as a liquid Thus, 31 parts of polar solvent containing 11 parts of Bu acetate (polar solvent), 7 parts of NX 501 White, 2 parts of NX 591 Black (pigment) and 11 parts of acrylic resin, and 69 parts of non-polar solvent containing 28 parts of calcium sulfonate and 41 parts of kerosene were mixed and stirred to obtain the title anticorrosive paint. These prior arts do not deal with calcium salts of alkyl benzene sulphonate and instead teaches about a combination of non polar and polar solutions to get the desired properties.
CN108611162 teaches a kind of antirust oil, it is characterized in that it includes the component of following parts by weight:15 ~ 20 parts of tert-butyl phenol formaldehyde resin, 2 ~ 3 parts of alkane wax, 20 ~ 30 parts of aliphatic acid amine salt, 3 ~ 5 parts of alkyd resin, 10 ~ 15 parts of oxidized petrolatum barium soap, dinonyl is resistance to 5 ~ 8 parts of barium sulfonate, 0.2 ~ 3 part of calcium mahogany sulfonate, 2 ~ 3 parts of OP8 emulsifiers, 20 ~ 30 parts of gasoline, does not relate to any tintable coating formulations.
CN107513152 relates to modified alkyd resin that is prepared from (by mass) esterifying catalyst 8-10 parts, fatty acid 1-3 parts, organic acid anhydride 1-3 parts, m-phthalic acid 10-20 parts, diol 1-3 parts, neutralizer 1-3 parts, hexamethylol melamine 0.1- 0.7 part, deionized water 20-80 parts, oleic acid 2-10 parts, neopentyl glycol 6-16 parts, sorbitol monooleate 1-9 parts, oil soluble surfactant OSP 100-120 parts, calcium sulfonate (and not calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate) 5-8 parts and monoglyceride 15-25 parts. The nano SiO2 modified alkyd resin has excellent storage stability and excellent hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance, UV resistance and aging resistance, does not influence the transparency and compatibility of resin, and is widely used in surface coating and protection of products such as woodware, metals and plastics.
CN107383346 teaches title resin prepared from tall oil fatty acid 8-10 parts, fatty acid 1-3 parts, organic acid anhydride 1-3 parts, m-phthalic acid 10-20 parts, coconut acid 1-3 parts, trimethylolpropane 1-3 parts, hexamethylol melamine 0.1-0.7 part, deionized water 20-80 parts, oleic acid 2-10 parts, neopentyl glycol 6-16 parts, sebacic acid 1-9 parts, diethylene glycol 100-120 parts, calcium sulfonate 5-8 parts (not calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate), and monoglyceride 15-25 parts.
CN103666685 This prior invention discloses a rust preventive oil and preparation method thereof, wherein the rust preventive oil comprises by weight parts: alkyd resin 6-10 parts, oxidized petroleum ester barium soap 4-8 parts, Castor oil 2-6 parts, calcium petroleum sulfonate 8-15 parts, Span 80 0.5-1 parts, Polyglyceryl Fatty Acid Ester 0.2-0.8 parts, Di-Bu phthalate 1-5 parts, and sodium Petroleum sulfonate 1-5 parts. The manufacturing includes heating the alkyd resin, oxidized petroleum ester barium soap, Castor oil and Di-Bu phthalate to 60-80 °C, stirring well, adding Span 80 and Polyglyceryl Fatty Acid Ester, stirring until the mixed solution is uniformly dispersed, stirring for 10-20 min, adding calcium Petroleum sulfonate and sodium Petroleum sulfonate in the obtained mixed solution, keeping at 70-80 °C, and stirring for 10-20 min. This prior rust preventive oil has good stability and long antirust cycle.
WO2010142374 discloses a coating composition containing waxes is disclosed for making self-cleaning surfaces such as internal walls or exhaust air systems comprises 20-60 weight% alkyd resins, 10-30 weight% sulfonates, especially organic derivatives of calcium sulfonate, 1-10 weight% waxes, especially micronized waxes and 10-50 weight% aliphatic hydrocarbons as solvents. A typical composition contains 39 weight% alkyd resins, 22 weight% organic derivatives of calcium sulfonate (not calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate), 27.8 weight% white spirit, 0.1 weight% cobalt octoate, 5 weight% microwaxes, 5 weight% paraffines and 0.1 weight% butanoneoxime.
DE102006056688 in which a wax composition is revealed suitable for application onto automobile bodies, comprises (a) naphthene containing mineral oil 10-20; (b) a wax mixture of oxidized mineral oil wax and microcrystalline wax in weight ratio 10:5 to 15:10 10-25; (c) a corrosion protective additive mixed with a calcium mineral oil sulfonate and a barium dinonyl naphthalene sulfonate in a weight ratio 10:35 to 20:45 45-65; (d) an alkyd resin 10-30; and at least one additive selected from the group comprising an antifoaming agent (especially an acrylate polymer), a drying agent (a cobalt catalyst), a surfactant (a fatty acid ester) and an anti-scratch coating material (an oxime compound) 0.5-2 weight%. The wax shows an improved fluidity and a reduced release of volatile organic substances.
JP2006281186 is directed to a method for rustproofing the steel comprises the steps of: applying an acrylic resin emulsion containing a rustproofing additive onto the steel as undercoating rust preventive; drying the applied acrylic resin emulsion then stenciling the emulsion-dried steel; and applying an additive-blended alkyd resin solution as a final coating rust preventive. The additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfonate, barium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate (not calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate), bismuth abietic acid, cobalt naphthenate and lead naphthenate.
RU2267522C1 teaches a composition comprising the following components, wt.-%: nitrated oil, 5-10; mixture of microcrystalline hydrocarbons with mineral oil prepared in deparaffinization of residual petroleum raffinates, 5-10; acid ester of alkenylsuccinic acid and ethylene glycol, 5-10; colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate in mineral oil stabilized with calcium sulfonate, 5-8; technical stearic octadecylamine, 3-5; alkyd resin, 6-25, and mineral oil, the balance, which shows enhanced protective properties and stability against emulsification and retaining high technological properties for protection of metals against atmosphere corrosion.
WO1997032938A1 discloses anticorrosive agents containing corrosion protection agent which contains for example 25% paraffin, 35% Ca sulfonate as actual corrosion protective agent (calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate), about 20% alkyd resin (polymer) and about 20% talc (silicate).
JPH05195261A teaches to provide a rust preventive for underfloor of automobiles which has excellent splashing resistance and chipping resistance and proper viscosity, satisfies requirements such as coating property, anti-sagging property and corrosion resistance, and can maintain the rust preventing effect for a long time. CONSTITUTION: This rust preventive composition, contains a microcrystalline wax (a), ultrabasic alkaline-earth metal sulfonate (not calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate) (b), alkyd resin (c), and sorbitan fatty acid ester (d). The weight ratio of nonvolatile contents of these components is 10-500 pts.wt. of (b), 10-500 pts.wt. of (c), and 1-50 pts.wt. of (d) based on 100 pts.wt. of (a).
Thus traversal of the prior arts above makes it apparent that why there is a reason to explore for alkyd-based architectural enamels and pigmented coating formulation thereof that would involve select pigment dispersant additive at select dosage levels to ensure improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatiblizers, allowing miscibility and dispersal of water-based pigment dispersions in said alkyd, adapted for cost effectiveness of the end product while overcoming the constraints of having combo machines for deployment of non-universal water-based colorants and dedicated solvent-based colorants across dealers.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is thus the primary object of the present invention to provide for alkyd-based architectural enamels and pigmented coating formulation thereof that would involve select pigment dispersant additive at select dosage levels to ensure improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatiblizers.
It is another object of the present invention to provide for said alkyd-based architectural enamels and pigmented coating formulation thereof that would allow miscibility and dispersal of water-based pigment dispersions in said alkyd, adapted for cost effectiveness of the end product while overcoming the constraints of having combo machines for deployment of non-universal water-based colorants and dedicated solvent-based colorants across dealers.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide for said alkyd-based architectural enamels which in involving select pigment dispersant additive at select dosage levels would remain tint able with (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (b) universal water-based machine colorants and (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus according to the basic aspect of the present invention there is provided alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints and pigmented coating formulations thereof comprising 0.5-3 wt.% of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate salt, as co-dispersant.
Preferably said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints is provided that are solvent-borne and wherein said alkyl benzene sulfonate salt is calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate, with alkyl part including a C12 chain suitable for dispersing difficultly dispersible water based colorants in oil based paints free of any external compatibilizers including Fatty acid modified polyester, hydrophobic phosphate ester, Soyalecithin, sulphosuccinate, salts of alkyl aryl sulphonate additives, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ether sulphate.
More preferably said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints is provided wherein said alkyl benzene sulfonate salt incorporation ensures improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatibilizers, thereby remaining tint able with tinters including assorted tinters of (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (b) universal water-based machine colorants and (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints wherein said assorted tinters include
said (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants includes red oxide, yellow oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, carbazole violet, diketopyrrolopyrrole red, phthalocyanine green, azo yellow, phthalocyanine blue;
said (b) universal water-based machine colorants includes red oxide, yellow oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, carbazole violet, diketopyrrolopyrrole red, phthalocyanine green, azo yellow, phthalocyanine blue;
and said (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants includes red oxide, yellow oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, carbazole violet, phthalocyanine green, phthalocyanine blue, quinacridone red, azo red, isoindoline yellow, benzimidazolone yellow.

Preferably said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints is provided wherein said formulation includes:
long oil alkyd 50-70 wt.% including the variants of Glycerine, soya based fatty acid, dehydrated castor oil based fatty acid, linseed oil based fatty acid, Pentaerythritol, sorbitol, Phthalic anhydride,
inorganic pigments 14-20 wt.% including TiO2 pigments;
Wetting/dispersing agent 0.5-3 wt.% including co-dispersant of Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate;
White Spirit 10-25 wt.% including mineral turpentine oil (MTO);
thickener 0.1-0.3 wt.%;
driers 2-4 wt.%;
extenders 2-3 wt.%;
0.2-1 wt.% of tinters including assorted tinters;
0.1-0.2 wt.% anti-skinning agents.

More preferably said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints is provided wherein said formulation including driers are selected from octoates based on metals like cobalt, zirconium, zinc, strontium, calcium;
said extenders are selected from Kaolin clay, Calcium carbonate, Barium sulfate, Talc, Bentonite;
said anti-skinning agents include ketoximes, pine oil.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for manufacturing said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints and pigmented coating formulations thereof comprising the steps of providing long oil alkyd together with 0.5-3 wt.% of alkyl benzene sulfonate salt, as co-dispersant that is added at milling/ grinding for tinting with tinters including assorted tinters for facile dispersion of difficultly dispersible water based colorants in oil based paints free of involvement of any external compatibilizers and obtaining said pigmented coating formulations thereof.
Preferably said process for manufacturing said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints and pigmented coating formulations thereof is provided wherein said long oil alkyd is taken in solvent and is solvent borne.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As discussed hereinbefore, the present invention provides for alkyd-based architectural enamels and pigmented coating formulation thereof involving select pigment dispersant additive at select dosage levels adapted to ensure improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatiblizers, said alkyd-based architectural enamels remaining tint able with (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (b) universal water-based machine colorants and (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants.

According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said alkyd-based architectural enamels and pigmented coating formulation thereof involving select pigment dispersant additive with appropriate counter ion of Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate allowing miscibility and dispersal of water-based pigment dispersions in said alkyd, adapted for cost effectiveness of the end product while overcoming the constraints of having combo machines for deployment of non-universal water-based colorants and dedicated solvent-based colorants across dealers.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided said long oil alkyd paint formulation comprising Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, with the alkyl part including a C12 chain as co-dispersant/additive, which enables tinting of said alkyd paint by employing an array of waterborne, solvent borne and universal colorants;
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for manufacturing a base paint/ long oil alkyd paint formulation for tinting alkyd-based architectural enamels and coating formulations thereof comprising the steps of adding the co-dispersant/additive in-situ, specifically during the grinding stage followed by batch completion enabling a base paint with improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions.
It is thus a significant finding by way of the present invention that specific additive at specific dosage when added in-situ in the grinding stage in the enamel /base paint/ long oil alkyd paint formulation aids in imparting inherent ability to the enamel formulation for getting compatible with in-house manufactured (1) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (2) universal water-based machine colorants and (3) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants, free of any external compatibilizers.
The solution provided by way of the present invention recommends the addition of select additive with select counter ion in-situ, specifically during the grinding stage, followed by batch completion that gives a enamel /base paint/ long oil alkyd paint formulation with improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions.
Since the alkyd-based architectural enamels can be tinted with water-based pigment dispersions, the overall product is cost effective. This will remove the constraint of having combo machines for deployment of non-universal water-based colorants and dedicated solvent-based colorants across dealers.
A long oil alkyd based architectural enamels and coating formulations thereof could be provided comprising select levels of co-dispersant Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, which enables tinting of said long oil alkyds using an array of waterborne, solvent borne and universal colorants.
Table 1: Comparison of the present invention with conventional state of the art knowledge.

Distinctions with closest prior arts Present invention Prior Arts
US 3,210,302 US 20220144620A1 EP3438214A1 EP3438215A1 US20220010148A1 US20220010149A1 EP3305840A1 US7318864B2 WO2016040641A1
A long oil alkyd paint formulation comprising alkyd paint compatibilized with varied pigment dispersions Emulsifiable and/or emulsion primer compositions involving isocyanated oil as film forming material Solvent-borne paints and stains tintable with water-only colorants Tinting water-borne and solvent-borne paints and stains with colorants only for aqueous systems Tinting water-borne and solvent-borne paints and stains with powdered colorants Paint tinting adjuvant with siccative for liquid colorant system Paint tinting adjuvant with siccative for powder colorant system Compatibilizer for universal colorant in solventborne alkyd paints Pigment preparations Low VOC universal high performance colorant
End-Product Type Solvent-borne Architectural Enamels Primer composition Solvent-borne base paint or stain Additive (Compatibilizer) Additive (Compatibilizer) Additive (Compatibilizer) Additive (Compatibilizer) Additive (Compatibilizer) Universal Solid Pigment preparations Universal Liquid Colorants
Formulating chemicals Anionic Surfactant
Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate Hydro carbyl sulfates and sulfonates are chosen as emulsifier of the primer composition that are also least harmful to the drying time of the emulsion attained by adding driers like lead, manganese and/or calcium linoleates, oleates, naphthe nates. Surfactants of various chemistries
- Sulfonates and their salts
- Sulfosuccinates
- Phosphates and Phosphate Esters
- Ethoxylates
- Copolymers

With/Without combination with Co-solvents or co-dispersants to obtain a Synergist Surfactants of various chemistries
- Sulfonates and their salts
- Sulfosuccinates
- Phosphates and Phosphate Esters
- Ethoxylates
- Copolymers

With/Without combination with Co-solvents or co-dispersants to obtain a Synergist Surfactants of various chemistries
- Sulfonates and their salts
- Sulfosuccinates
- Phosphates and Phosphate Esters
- Ethoxylates
- Copolymers

With/ Without combination with Co-solvents or co-dispersants to obtain a Synergist Surfactants of various chemistries
- Sulfonates and their salts
- Sulfosuccinates
- Phosphates and Phosphate Esters
- Ethoxylates
- Copolymers

In combination with Co-solvents and driers to obtain a synergist and siccative mixture. Surfactants of various chemistries
- Sulfonates and their salts
- Sulfosuccinates
- Phosphates and Phosphate Esters
- Ethoxylates
- Copolymers

In combination with Co-solvents and driers to obtain a synergist and siccative mixture. Fatty acid amido amine prepared by condensation of fatty acids and cycloaliphatic polyamines - Aminoethylpiperazine, Dimethylaminopropylamine Combination of
1. Nonionic surface-active additive based on polyethers
2. Anionic surface-active additive based on Sulfonates, Sulfates, phophonates or phosphates A surfactant package that includes at least one alkyd-compatible surfactant (sulphonates, alkoxylates) and at least one latex-compatible surfactant (ethoxylates).
Dosage of Chemicals 1 - 3 % by weight Multiple dosages 1.5% by volume 0.7-8% by volume 1.5-2% by volume 0.7-8% by volume 1% by weight 10-40% Non-ionic
0.1-10% Anionic Varying dosages
Percentage and Medium of Use As a co-dispersant formulation of solvent-borne Alkyd Enamels
(High Gloss and Medium Sheen) Manufacturer may add or include the synergist to or
in a base paint or stain at a factory, warehouse or other
non-retail site prior to delivery to a point-of-sale retail Dispensed via Colorant-dispensing machine during Point-of-sale tinting Direct use from packed containers or Dispensed via dispensing machines Dispensed via Colorant-dispensing machine during Point-of-sale tinting Direct use from packed containers or Dispensed via dispensing machines 1. Post addition to the solvent borne alkyd paint formulation

2.Co-dispersant in the base paint

3. As a component of universal
colorant Surfactants are the components of the powder colorant systems Surfactants are the components of the liquid colorant systems
End use For tinting of solvent-borne enamels using water-only colorants and free of any external compatibilizer To attain HLB value 11-15, and includes blends of alkyl aryl sulfonate and alkyl sulfate, including Isopropyl amine dodecyl benzene sulfonate. To disperse water-only fluid colorants throughout the solvent
borne base paint or stain Synergist for tinting of water-borne and solvent-borne paints and stains using Water-Only Colorants Synergist for tinting of water-borne and solvent-borne paints and stains using Powdered Colorants Mixture of Siccative and Synergist for tinting of water-borne and solvent-borne paints and stains using Water-Only Colorants Mixture of Siccative and Synergist for tinting of water-borne and solvent-borne paints and stains using Powdered Colorants Compatibilizer to improve the compatibility between waterborne universal colorants and the solvent borne base paint. Solid Pigment preparations used for tinting all types of coatings Liquid universal colorants used for tinting solvent-based and water-based paints
product / process component Added at Milling/Grinding Stage Multiple stages are suggested for addition but not specifically mentioned. Post-Addition during Point-of-sale Tinting Post-Addition during Point-of-sale Tinting Post-Addition during Point-of-sale Tinting Post-Addition during Point-of-sale Tinting Post-Addition during Point-of-sale Tinting Post-Addition during Tinting Post-Addition during Point-of-sale Tinting
Product / process component

Table 2: Formulations of long oil alkyd based architectural enamels and coating formulations thereof free of external compatibilizers.
Components Example 1A Example 1B Example 1C Example 1D
Long oil Alkyd 60 54 58 62
Wetting and dispersing agent including co-dispersant of Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate 0.55 (Conventional, and no Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate involved as a co-dispersant) 1.35 2.42 3.5
Thickener 0.25 0.14 0.17 0.2
White Spirit 16.5 20 16.44 11.81
Driers 3.5 2.74 3.35 3.96
TiO2 15.07 18 16 15
Extenders 3.5 3 3 3
Assorted tinters 0.53 0.67 0.52 0.43
Anti skinning 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total 100 100 100 100
Compatibility/ tinting strength in long oil alkyd samples above with the following colorants: Integrated Tinting Strength Values
No addition of Ca salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate >1% of Ca salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate >2% Ca salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate >3% Ca salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate
Non-universal water based machine colorants of combination of in-house red oxide, yellow oxide, black and violet 133.625 109.663 101.625 100.334
Resin based solvent borne machine colorants of combination of in-house red oxide, yellow oxide, black and violet 106.392 103.748 103.481 102.444
Universal water-based machine colorants combination of in-house red oxide, yellow oxide, black and violet 99.931 98.832 99.553 99.960

Out of these three, Example 1D is most preferable formulation and are free of any external compatibilizers including Fatty acid modified polyester phosphate ester with hydrophobic nature, Soyalecithin, sulphosuccinate, other salts of alkyl aryl sulphonate additives, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ether sulphate
It is found by way of the present invention that select 0.5-3 % levels of said select co-dispersant of calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate including C12 alkyl chain, in long oil alkyd based enamels enables easy and compatibility in tinting by (a) waterborne, (b) solvent borne, (c) universal colorants which are evident from the improvement in compatibility/ TS in long oil alkyd samples containing calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate as co-dispersant and samples without it as per the Examples 1A-1D of Table 2.
It can be seen from the results under Table 2 above on compatibility/TS improvement in long oil alkyd samples whereby 1A is a clear comparatives that does not give the desired compatible results.
It is thus possible by way of the present advancement to provide for solvent borne alkyd-based architectural enamels and pigmented coating formulations thereof that are compatible with non-universal water-based colorants based on the involvement of select pigment dispersant additive at select dosage levels adapted to ensure improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatibilizers, said alkyd-based architectural enamels remaining tint able with (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (b) universal water-based machine colorants and (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants.
, Claims:We Claim:
1. Alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints and pigmented coating formulations thereof comprising 0.5-3 wt.% of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate salt, as co-dispersant.
2. The alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints as claimed in claim 1 are solvent-borne and wherein said alkyl benzene sulfonate salt is calcium salt of alkyl benzene sulfonate, with alkyl part including a C12 chain suitable for dispersing difficultly dispersible water based colorants in oil based paints free of any external compatibilizers including Fatty acid modified polyester, hydrophobic phosphate ester, Soyalecithin, sulphosuccinate, salts of alkyl aryl sulphonate additives, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ether sulphate.
3. The alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein said alkyl benzene sulfonate salt incorporation ensures improved compatibility with wide range of pigment dispersions free of any external compatibilizers, thereby remaining tint able with tinters including assorted tinters of (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants, (b) universal water-based machine colorants and (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants.
4. The alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints as claimed in claims 1-3 wherein said assorted tinters including
said (a) non-universal water-based machine colorants includes red oxide, yellow oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, carbazole violet, diketopyrrolopyrrole red, phthalocyanine green, azo yellow, phthalocyanine blue;
said (b) universal water-based machine colorants includes red oxide, yellow oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, carbazole violet, diketopyrrolopyrrole red, phthalocyanine green, azo yellow, phthalocyanine blue;
and said (c) resin-based solvent-borne machine colorants includes red oxide, yellow oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, carbazole violet, phthalocyanine green, phthalocyanine blue, quinacridone red, azo red, isoindoline yellow, benzimidazolone yellow.

5. The alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints as claimed in claims 1-4 wherein said formulation includes:
long oil alkyd 50-70 wt.% including the variants of Glycerine, soya based fatty acid, dehydrated castor oil based fatty acid, linseed oil based fatty acid, Pentaerythritol, sorbitol, Phthalic anhydride,
inorganic pigments 14-20 wt.% including TiO2 pigments;
Wetting/dispersing agent 0.5-3 wt.% including co-dispersant of Calcium Salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate;
White Spirit 10-25 wt.% including mineral turpentine oil (MTO);
thickener 0.1-0.3 wt.%;
driers 2-4 wt.%;
extenders 2-3 wt.%;
0.2-1 wt.% of tinters including assorted tinters;
0.1-0.2 wt.% anti-skinning agents.

6. The alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints as claimed in claims 1-5 wherein said formulation including driers are selected from octoates based on metals like cobalt, zirconium, zinc, strontium, calcium;
said extenders are selected from Kaolin clay, Calcium carbonate, Barium sulfate, Talc, Bentonite;
said anti-skinning agents include ketoximes, pine oil.

7. A process for manufacturing said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints and pigmented coating formulations thereof as claimed in claims 1-6 comprising the steps of providing long oil alkyd together with 0.5-3 wt.% of alkyl benzene sulfonate salt, as co-dispersant that is added at milling/ grinding for tinting with tinters including assorted tinters for facile dispersion of difficultly dispersible water based colorants in oil based paints free of involvement of any external compatibilizers and obtaining said pigmented coating formulations thereof.

8. The process for manufacturing said alkyd-based architectural enamels/paints and pigmented coating formulations thereof as claimed in claims 7 wherein said long oil alkyd is taken in solvent and is solvent borne.

Dated this the 30th day of March, 2024 Anjan Sen
Applicants Agent
IN/PA-199