DESC:FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general, to the field of information technology and safety verification.
[0002] More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to a system and method for validating quick response codes.
DEFINITION
[0003] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
[0004] “Quick Response (QR) code” refers to a two-dimensional barcode that stores information in a grid of black and white squares. It was originally developed in 1994 by the Japanese company Denso Wave for tracking automotive parts but has since become widely used across various industries due to its versatility, ease of use, and ability to store large amounts of data. QR codes can be scanned using smartphones, tablets, or dedicated QR scanners, making them a convenient tool for sharing information, linking to websites, making payments, and more.
[0005] “Set of encoder rules” refers to the standardized guidelines or algorithms used to convert data into a specific format, such as a barcode, QR code, or other encoded representations. These rules ensure that the encoded data is structured, readable, and interpretable by the corresponding decoding system.
[0006] “Set of decoder rules” refers to the standardized procedures or algorithms used to interpret and extract data from an encoded format, such as a QR code, barcode, or other encoded representations. These rules ensure that the encoded data is accurately decoded and processed by the corresponding system.
[0007] “Set of comparator rules” refer to a collection of guidelines or criteria used to compare and evaluate different items, options, or entities based on specific attributes or characteristics. These rules are often used in decision-making processes, ranking systems, or algorithms to determine the relative value, priority, or suitability of the items being compared.
[0008] “Set of validator rules” refer to a collection of conditions or criteria used to verify whether data, inputs, processes, or outputs meet predefined standards, requirements, or constraints. Validator rules are commonly used in software development, data validation, quality assurance, and compliance checks to ensure accuracy, consistency, and reliability.
BACKGROUND
[0009] The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
[0010] In the realms of transportation, manufacturing, and retail, the utilization of quick response (QR) codes for inventory tracking and identification has become increasingly prevalent. Smartphones, owing to their rapid decoding capabilities and substantial storage capacity, are favoured for their ability to connect to online resources.
[0011] The versatility of QR codes extends to various applications, including website access, retrieval of personal card information, information dissemination, social network interaction, phone call initiation, video playback, and text file opening. Leveraging QR codes to engage mobile users with printed materials is a valuable marketing tactic across industries. The aesthetic appeal of QR codes has garnered significant attention, particularly in advertising, billboards, and brand identification. Embedding methods must generate codes decodable by standard applications while minimizing image distortion.
[0012] However, employing a QR code reader to decipher the QR code cover message raises concerns about security and privacy. QR codes can be restored if dirty or damaged, thanks to their error correction capability. Users can select from four error correction levels based on their operating environment, with higher levels enhancing error correction but increasing QR code size.
[0013] Despite these features, the challenge lies in the identification of controlled or uncontrolled noise affecting a standard QR code, making data recovery difficult and leading to potential data loss. Further, duplication and replication of the QR code is also possible by scanning the QR code to get the cover message or the data encoded in the QR code and generating duplicate QR codes with the same data using any standard QR code generators.
[0014] These technical challenges associated with QR codes, particularly in the context of security, privacy, and potential data loss are overcome by hiding the signature in the QR code, and further validating the pre-QR code and signed-QR code and identifying the genuine or counterfeit data.
[0015] Therefore, there is a need to develop a system and method for validating quick response (QR) codes that can alleviate the aforementioned drawbacks.
OBJECTS
[0016] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows.
[0017] It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
[0018] The main object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method for validating quick response (QR) codes.
[0019] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that enhances security and anti-counterfeiting measures by introducing unique signature embedding, parameter-based validation, and randomized alteration.
[0020] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that is scalable and can be applied across various industries, including manufacturing, retail, pharmaceuticals, and logistics, where QR codes are used for product authentication, inventory tracking, and consumer engagement.
[0021] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that minimizes the risk of data loss by ensuring that QR codes are not only scannable but also secure and tamper-proof.
[0022] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that can be integrate seamlessly with existing QR code scanning devices, requiring minimal changes to current workflows.
[0023] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method with multi-layered validation for early detection of counterfeits.
[0024] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method ensuring the QR code remains scannable even if it is partially damaged or dirty.
[0025] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that reduces the risk of losing the signature due to localized physical damage (e.g., scratches or dust) ensuring the QR code remains valid even in harsh environments.
[0026] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that reduces storage space and hides the mapping logic from unauthorized users.
[0027] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method with hidden signature logic making it nearly impossible for unauthorized users to reverse-engineer or replicate the signature scalable architecture that can be adapted to different environments and user needs.
[0028] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method that provide long-term health monitoring and predictive analysis for elderly individuals.
[0029] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
[0030] This summary is provided to introduce concepts related to a system and method for validating quick response (QR) codes. The concepts are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter nor is it intended for use in determining or limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0031] The present disclosure envisages a system for validating quick response (QR) codes. The system comprises an input device, an encoder module, a decoder module, and a validator module.
[0032] The input device is configured to receive at least one input string from a user for adding to a quick response (QR) code via a user interface, wherein the input string contains data/information to be added to a quick response (QR) code.
[0033] The encoder module is configured to cooperate with the input device to receive the input string and generate a pre-quick response (QR) code in accordance with a plurality of randomizers. The encoder module is further configured to encode the pre-QR code to generate a signed QR code by adding a signature on the pre-QR code by means of a set of encoder rules.
[0034] The decoder module is configured to cooperate with the encoder module to receive the signed QR code by scanning the signed QR code by means of a scanner device. The decoder module is further configured to decode the signed QR code by means of a set of decoder rules.
[0035] The validator module is configured to cooperate with the decoder module to receive the signed-QR code. The validator module is further configured to validate the signed-QR code by means of a set of validator rules to identify the genuine signed-QR code.
[0036] In an embodiment, the quick response (QR) code is a two-dimensional (2D) code Data Matrix, QR Code, or PDF417, or use patterns of squares, hexagons, dots, and other shapes to encode data or a one-dimensional (1D) code or one-dimensional (1D) code.
[0037] In an embodiment, the encoder module comprising:
• an input interface configured to receive at least one input string from the user, wherein the input string contains data or information to be encoded into a QR code;
• a pre-QR code generator configured to generate a pre-QR code based on the input string and a plurality of randomizers, wherein the pre-QR code is generated in binary, decimal, or hexadecimal format;
• a signature generation unit configured to add a signature to the pre-QR code by altering a specific number of bits or modules within the QR code, wherein the signature is generated using the set of encoder rules; and
• a parameter selection unit configured to randomly select QR code parameters.
[0038] In an embodiment, the plurality of randomizers comprises:
• a first randomizer configured to determine the number of bits to be altered between a specific range depending on the version and error correction;
• a second randomizer configured to select which bits to be altered;
• a third randomizer configured to identify the gap between the number of bits that are to be altered between a specific range depending on the version and error correction; and
• a fourth randomizer configured to randomly select the QR code parameters including Error correction, masking pattern, and QR code version.
[0039] In an embodiment, the decoder module comprising:
• a scanner interface configured to receive a signed QR code by scanning the QR code by means of the scanner device;
• a decoding unit configured to decode the signed QR code using a set of decoder rules, wherein the decoding unit extracts the signature and digital QR code parameters from the signed QR code; and
• an extracting module configured to extract the signature and digital QR code parameters from the decoded QR code.
[0040] In an embodiment, the scanner device is an optical scanner selected from a group of scanners consisting of a handheld scanner, mobile scanner, drum scanner, photo scanner, film scanner, portable scanner, optical scanner, sheet-fed scanner, flatbed scanner, and any device that are capable to scanning and capturing QR code.
[0041] In an embodiment, the validator module comprises of an extracting module, a comparator and validator module.
[0042] In an embodiment, the extracting module is configured to cooperate with the decoder module to receive the signed-QR code and extract signature and digital QR code parameters from the signed-QR code by means of the set of extracting rules.
[0043] In an embodiment, the signed-QR code is printed by using one or more printers by overlapping or merging or mixing or overwriting, where the one or more printers are selected from the group consisting of a Thermal Inkjet (TIJ), Continuous inkjet (CIJ), or Laser type printer device or any type of printer device that is capable of printing two-dimensional (2D)/ QR Codes/ images or a combination thereof.
[0044] In an embodiment, the comparator and validator module is configured to compare and match the extracted signature and the digital QR code parameters received from the extracting module with a standard signature and a set of standard digital QR code parameters received from a data repository by means of the set of comparator rules and generate a comparison report containing details of the signed-QR code.
[0045] In an embodiment, the set of standard digital QR code parameters includes error correction level, version range, and mask pattern.
[0046] In an embodiment, the mask pattern is selected from the range of -1 to 7, wherein -1 is used for automatic, and the range 0-7 is used for the manual.
[0047] In an embodiment, the comparator and validator module is further configured to validate the comparison report by means of the set of validator rules.
[0048] The present disclosure further envisages a method for validating quick response (QR) codes. The method comprises the following steps of:
• receiving, by an input device, at least one input string from a user for adding to a quick response (QR) code via a user interface, wherein the input string contains data/information to be added to a quick response (QR) code;
• generating, by an encoder module, a pre-quick response (QR) code in accordance with a plurality of randomizers by receiving the input string from the input device;
• encoding, by the encoder module, the pre-QR code to generate a signed QR code by adding a signature on the pre-QR code by means of a set of encoder rules;
• decoding, by a decoder module, the signed QR code by means of a set of decoder rules implemented on the signed QR code received from the encoder module by scanning the signed QR code by means of a scanner device; and
• identifying, by a validator module, the genuine signed-QR code by validating the received signed-QR code by means of a set of validator rules.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING:
[0049] A system and method for validating quick response (QR) codes of the present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
[0050] FIGURE 1 illustrates an architecture of a for validating quick response (QR) codes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIGURES 2A & 2B illustrate a representation of a pre-QR code and a Deformed QR code, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIGURES 3A & 3B illustrate a representation of two of three parameters not matching, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIGURES 4A & 4B illustrate a representation of one parameter not matching, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0054] FIGURES 5A & 5B illustrate a representation of parameters matching but signatures not matching, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0055] FIGURE 6 illustrates a method for validating quick response (QR) codes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS:
100 System
102 Input module
102a User interface
104 Encoder module
104A Input interface
104B Pre-QR code generator
104C Signature generation unit
104D Parameter selection unit
106 Decoder module
106A Scanner interface
106B Decoding unit
106C Signature extraction module
108 Validator module
110 Data repository
112 Microprocessor
114 Scanner device

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
[0056] Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
[0057] Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components and methods to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
[0058] The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms “a”, “an”, and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms, “comprises”, “comprising”, “including” and “having” are open-ended transitional phrases and therefore, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
[0059] When an element is referred to as being “embodied thereon”, “engaged to”, “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” another element, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.
[0060] QR codes were initially developed in the 1990s for tracking automotive parts during manufacturing. Over time, their use expanded beyond industrial applications to include consumer-facing roles. Today, QR codes are ubiquitous, appearing on product packaging, advertisements, billboards, and even digital platforms. Their versatility allows them to be used for a wide range of applications, including website access, information dissemination, social network interaction, phone call initiation, video playback, text file opening, payment systems, marketing and advertising etc. The widespread adoption of QR codes is largely due to the proliferation of smartphones, which are equipped with cameras and QR code scanning software. This has made QR codes accessible to a broad audience, further driving their popularity.
[0061] However, employing a QR code reader to decipher the QR code cover message raises concerns about security and privacy. QR codes can be restored if dirty or damaged, thanks to their error correction capability. Users can select from four error correction levels based on their operating environment, with higher levels enhancing error correction but increasing QR code size.
[0062] QR codes are designed with error correction capabilities, which allow them to be scanned even if they are partially damaged or dirty. This feature is particularly useful in environments where QR codes are exposed to harsh conditions, such as outdoor advertising or industrial settings. However, error correction also introduces vulnerabilities such as exploitation of error correction and data loss.
[0063] QR codes can be easily duplicated by scanning the original code and generating a new one with the same data using standard QR code generators. This makes it difficult to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit QR codes, especially in industries where product authenticity is critical. In industries such as pharmaceuticals, luxury goods, and electronics, counterfeit QR codes can be used to sell fake products, leading to significant financial losses and reputational damage. Standard QR codes do not have a built-in mechanism for unique identification, making it easy for counterfeiters to replicate them.
[0064] Given these challenges, there is a pressing need for a system that can validate the authenticity of QR codes and identify counterfeits. Traditional QR code validation methods rely on basic error correction and data retrieval, but they do not address the underlying issues of security, privacy, and data integrity. A more robust solution is required to ensure that QR codes are not only scannable but also secure and tamper-proof.
[0065] To address these complexities, the present disclosure discloses a system and method for validating QR codes. The system incorporates a unique signature into the QR code during the encoding process, which can be used to verify the authenticity of the code during decoding. This signature is embedded in the QR code by altering specific bits or modules in a controlled manner, ensuring that the code remains scannable while adding an additional layer of security.
[0066] The present disclosure also includes a validation mechanism that compares the scanned QR code with predefined parameters stored in a repository. If the scanned code matches the stored parameters and the embedded signature, it is deemed genuine. If not, the system identifies it as a counterfeit. This approach not only enhances the security of QR codes but also provides a reliable method for detecting and preventing counterfeiting.
[0067] The present disclosure envisages a system and method for validating quick response (QR) codes. The system 100 for validating quick response (QR) codes is described herein with reference to FIGURES 1 to 5, and a method 600 for validating quick response (QR) codes is described with reference to FIGURE 6.
[0068] FIGURE 1 illustrates an architecture of a system 100 for validating quick response (QR) codes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0069] The system for validating quick response (QR) codes comprises an input module 102, an encoder module 104, a decoder module 106, and a validator module 108.
[0070] The input module 102 is configured to receive at least one input string from a user for adding to a quick response (QR) code via a user interface 102a, wherein the input string contains data/information to be added to a quick response (QR) code.
[0071] In an embodiment, the quick response (QR) code is a two-dimensional (2D) code Data Matrix, QR Code, or PDF417, or uses patterns of squares, hexagons, dots, and other shapes to encode data or a one-dimensional (1D) code or one-dimensional (1D) code.
[0072] The encoder module 104 is configured to cooperate with the input module 102 to receive the input string and generate a pre-quick response (QR) code in accordance with a plurality of randomizers. The encoder module 104 is further configured to encode the pre-QR code to generate a signed QR code by adding a signature on the pre-QR code by means of a set of encoder rules.
[0073] In an embodiment, the encoder module 104 comprises:
• an input interface (104A) configured to receive at least one input string from the user, wherein the input string contains data or information to be encoded into a QR code;
• a pre-QR code generator (104B) configured to generate a pre-QR code based on the input string and a plurality of randomizers, wherein the pre-QR code is generated in binary, decimal, or hexadecimal format;
• a signature generation unit (104C) configured to add a signature to the pre-QR code by altering a specific number of bits or modules within the QR code, wherein the signature is generated using the set of encoder rules; and
• a parameter selection unit (104D) configured to randomly select QR code parameters.
[0074] In an embodiment, the plurality of randomizers comprises:
• a first randomizer configured to determine the number of bits to be altered between a specific range depending on the version and error correction;
• a second randomizer configured to select which bits to be altered;
• a third randomizer configured to identify the gap between the number of bits that are to be altered between a specific range depending on the version and error correction; and
• a fourth randomizer configured to randomly select the QR code parameters including Error correction, masking pattern, and QR code version.
[0075] The decoder module 106 is configured to cooperate with the encoder module 104 to receive the signed QR code by scanning the signed QR code by means of a scanner device 114. The decoder module 106 is further configured to decode the signed QR code by means of a set of decoder rules.
[0076] In an embodiment, the decoder module 106 comprises:
• a scanner interface 106A configured to receive a signed QR code by scanning the QR code by means of the scanner device 114;
• a decoding unit 106B configured to decode the signed QR code using a set of decoder rules, wherein the decoding unit extracts the signature and digital QR code parameters from the signed QR code; and
• a signature extraction module 106C configured to extract the signature and digital QR code parameters from the decoded QR code.
[0077] In an embodiment, the scanner device 114 is an optical scanner selected from a group of scanners consisting of a handheld scanner, mobile scanner, drum scanner, photo scanner, film scanner, portable scanner, optical scanner, sheet-fed scanner, flatbed scanner, and any device that are capable to scanning and capturing QR code.
[0078] The validator module 108 is configured to cooperate with the decoder module 106 to receive the signed-QR code. The validator module 108 is further configured to validate the signed-QR code by means of a set of validator rules to identify the genuine signed-QR code.
[0079] In an embodiment, the validator module 108 comprises an extracting module 108a, a comparator and a validator module 108b.
[0080] In an embodiment, the extracting module 108a is configured to cooperate with the decoder module 106 to receive the signed-QR code and extract signature and digital QR code parameters from the signed-QR code by means of the set of extracting rules.
[0081] In an embodiment, the signed-QR code is printed by using one or more printers by overlapping or merging or mixing or overwriting, wherein the one or more printers are selected from the group consisting of a Thermal Inkjet (TIJ), Continuous inkjet (CIJ), or Laser type printer device or any type of printer device that is capable of printing two-dimensional (2D)/ QR Codes/ images or a combination thereof.
[0082] In an embodiment, the comparator and validator module 108b is configured to compare and match the extracted signature and the digital QR code parameters received from the extracting module 108a with a standard signature and a set of standard digital QR code parameters received from a data repository 110 by means of the set of comparator rules and generate a comparison report containing details of the signed-QR code.
[0083] In an embodiment, the set of standard digital QR code parameters includes error correction level, version range, and mask pattern.
[0084] In an embodiment, the mask pattern is selected from the range of -1 to 7, wherein -1 is used for automatic, and the range 0-7 is used for the manual.
[0085] In an embodiment, the comparator and validator module 108b is further configured to validate the comparison report by means of the set of validator rules.
[0086] The interface(s) 102a and/or 104A may include a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices, referred to as I/O devices, repositories, user interfaces, and the like. The interface(s) 102a and/or 104A may facilitate communication between the modules of the system 100 with various devices. The interface(s) 102a and/or 104A may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the modules coupled with each other.
[0087] In an embodiment, the communication network can be a wired or wireless communication network.
[0088] In an embodiment, the communication interface can be established using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, infrared, near frequency communication, and so forth.
[0089] In an embodiment, the system 100 includes a data repository 110. The data repository 110 has embodied thereon a set of predefined instructions, a set of processing rules, the set of encoder rules, the set of decoder rules, and the set of validator rules.
[0090] In an embodiment, the set of processing rules is a collection of predefined instructions or guidelines that dictate how data, tasks, or operations should be handled, transformed, or executed within a system, process, or workflow.
[0091] In an embodiment, the set of encoder rules is the specific guidelines, algorithms, or protocols used by an encoder to transform data from one format or representation into another.
[0092] In an embodiment, the set of decoder rules is the specific instructions, algorithms, or protocols used by a decoder to reverse the process of encoding, transforming encoded data back into its original or usable format.
[0093] In an embodiment, the set of validator rules is a collection of criteria, conditions, or checks used to ensure that data, inputs, or processes meet specific standards, requirements, or constraints.
[0094] Further, the system 100 may also include a processor 112. The processor 112 is communicatively coupled to the data repository 110 to execute one or more processing modules using the set of predefined instructions for implementing a process for continuous monitoring of the health conditions of elderly people.
[0095] The processor 112 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the processor 112 is configured to communicate with the data repository 110 and execute the one or more predefined instructions stored in the data repository 110 for implementing a process for validating quick response (QR) codes. The processor 112 may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processor 112. In the examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processor 112 may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processor 112 may include a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the process for validating quick response (QR) codes. In such examples, the processor 112 may include the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system 100 and the processing resource. In other examples, the processor 112 may be implemented by electronic circuitry.
[0096] FIGURES 2A & 2B illustrate a representation of a pre-QR code and a Deformed QR code, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0097] The system adds a signature to the standard QR code (after masking) by modifying certain bits or modules (3 in the below example) of the standard QR code. FIGURE 2A shows the Pre-QR code and FIGURE 2B shows the Deformed QR code (or the signed QR code). Both the above QR codes are of the same data, version, ECC, and masking. However, the signed-QR code has a signature that has been added. This addition of the signature is what causes the codeword to change. Below is the comparison of the two codewords:
Codeword of the Pre-QR code (Standard QR code):
64,244,134,86,198,198,242,194,5,118,247,38,198,161,14,225,148,226,204,150,14,105,88,91,209,197,250,198,149,51,122,160,17,127,12,66,18,18,16,236,17,236,17,236,17,236,17,236,193,14,76,5,208,145,149,234,159,121,105,29,216,25,19,206,11,14,251,158,72,160.
Codeword of the Deformed/Signed QR code after altering the bits:
64,244,134,86,198,198,242,194,5,118,247,38,198,165,14,225,148,226,76,150,14,105,88,91,209,197,250,198,149,51,122,160,17,127,12,66,18,18,16,236,17,236,17,236,17,236,17,236,193,14,76,5,208,145,149,234,159,121,105,29,216,25,83,206,11,14,251,158,72,160.
[0098] As shown above, three codewords change because of the signature (which alters 3 bits). In order to store the signature, it stores the following in the database:
• Data
• ECC
• Masking
• Version
• Positions of the bits altered due to the signature (14th, 19th, and 63rd)
• Values at the positions of modified bits before adding the signature (161, 204, and 19)
• Values at the positions of modified bits after adding the signature (165, 76, and 83)
[0099] Now, instead of printing the pre-QR code or the standard QR code, the deformed or the signed-QR code will be printed on the product/service.
[00100] FIGURES 3A & 3B illustrate a representation of two of three parameters not matching, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00101] The FIGURE 3A shows the original QR code and FIGURE 3B shows the Fake QR code.
• Data = Hello, World!!!
• ECC = M
• Version = 3
• Mask = 1
• Modules altered = NA
• Position of the modules altered = NA
Original QR code Fake QR code
• Data = Hello, World!!!
• ECC = M
• Version = 3
• Mask = 1 • Data = Hello, World!!!
• ECC = L
• Version = 3
• Mask = 5

[00102] The parameters of the original and fake QR codes do not match (ECC and Mask) and hence there is no need to look for a signature. Even before checking for a signature, the system can recognize the fake QR code.
[00103] FIGURES 4A & 4B illustrate a representation of one parameter not matching, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00104] The FIGURE 4A shows the original QR code and FIGURE 4B shows the Fake QR code. In this the one parameter not matching.
Original QR code Fake QR code
• Data = Hello, World!!!
• ECC = M
• Version = 3
• Mask = 1 • Data = Hello, World!!!
• ECC = M
• Version = 3
• Mask = 5

[00105] In this example, only one parameter of the original and fake QR code do not match (Mask) and hence there is no need to look for a signature. Even before checking for a signature, the system can recognize the fake QR code.
[00106] FIGURES 5A & 5B illustrate a representation of parameters matching but signatures not matching, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 6A shows the original QR code and Figure 6B shows the Fake QR code.
• Data = Hello, World!!!
• ECC = H
• Version = 3
• Mask = 7
• Modules altered = 5
• Position of the modules altered = (14,10), (8,15), (12,18), (17,12), (20,19)
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Codeword (Decimal) 64,244,134,86,198,198,242,194,5,118,247,38,198,161,14,225,148,226,204,150,14,105,88,91,209,197,250,198,149,51,122,160,17,127,12,66,18,18,16,236,17,236,17,236,17,236,17,236,193,14,76,5,208,145,149,234,159,121,105,29,216,25,19,206,11,14,251,158,72,160 64,244,134,86,198,198,242,194,5,118,247,38,198,165,14,225,148,226,76,150,14,105,88,91,209,197,250,198,149,51,122,160,17,127,12,66,18,18,16,236,17,236,17,236,145,236,17,236,193,14,76,5,208,145,149,234,159,121,109,29,216,25,83,206,11,14,251,158,72,160
String Hello, World!!! Hello, World!!!

[00107] In this example, all the parameters are the same, but the 5 modules altered are highlighted in bold and underlined.
[00108] The present disclosure further describes a method 600 for validating quick response (QR) codes and is described with reference to FIGURE 6. The order in which the method 600 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method steps can be combined in any appropriate order to carry out the method 600 or an alternative method. Additionally, individual steps may be deleted from the method 600 without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. The method 600 for validating quick response (QR) codes is executed by the system 100. The method 600 includes the following steps:
[00109] In method step 602, the method 600 comprises receiving, by an input device 102, at least one input string from a user for adding to a quick response (QR) code via a user interface 102a, wherein the input string contains data/information to be added to a quick response (QR) code.
[00110] In method step 604, the method 600 comprises generating, by an encoder module 104, a pre-quick response (QR) code in accordance with a plurality of randomizers by receiving the input string from the input device 102.
[00111] In method step 606, the method 600 comprises encoding, by the encoder module 104, the pre-QR code to generate a signed QR code by adding a signature on the pre-QR code by means of a set of encoder rules.
[00112] In method step 608, the method 600 comprises decoding, by a decoder module 106, the signed QR code by means of a set of decoder rules implemented on the signed QR code received from the encoder module 104 by scanning the signed QR code by means of a scanner device 114.
[00113] In method step 610, the method 600 comprises identifying, by a validator module 108, the genuine signed-QR code by validating the received signed-QR code by means of a set of validator rules.
[00114] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
EXEMPLARY APPLICATION(S)
[00115] The present disclosure has a wide range of uses, applications, and benefits across various domains. Its major applications include:
1. Product Authentication and Anti-Counterfeiting:
• Pharmaceuticals: The system can be used to validate the authenticity of pharmaceutical products by embedding unique QR codes on drug packaging. This helps prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs, ensuring patient safety and regulatory compliance.
• Luxury Goods: High-end brands can use the system to authenticate luxury items such as watches, handbags, and jewelry. The unique QR code ensures that only genuine products reach consumers, protecting brand reputation.
• Electronics: The system can be applied to authenticate electronic components and devices, preventing the sale of counterfeit or substandard products.
2. Supply Chain and Inventory Management:
• Inventory Tracking: The system can be integrated into supply chain management systems to track inventory using QR codes. The unique signature ensures that only genuine products are scanned and recorded, reducing errors and improving efficiency.
• Logistics and Transportation: QR codes with embedded signatures can be used to track shipments and verify the authenticity of goods during transit, ensuring that products are not tampered with or replaced with counterfeits.
3. Retail and Consumer Engagement:
• Product Verification: Retailers can use the system to allow consumers to verify the authenticity of products before purchase. This is particularly useful for high-value items or products prone to counterfeiting.
• Marketing and Promotions: The system can be used to create secure QR codes for marketing campaigns, ensuring that consumers are directed to legitimate websites or promotional content, reducing the risk of phishing or fraud.
4. Financial Transactions and Mobile Payments:
• Secure Mobile Payments: The system can be integrated into mobile payment platforms to generate secure QR codes for transactions. The embedded signature ensures that the QR code is genuine, reducing the risk of fraud.
• Digital Wallets: Digital wallet providers can use the system to generate secure QR codes for transactions, ensuring that only authorized codes are used for payments.
5. Government and Public Sector Applications:
• Document Authentication: Government agencies can use the system to validate official documents such as passports, driver’s licenses, and certificates. The unique QR code ensures that the document is genuine and has not been tampered with.
• Public Health: The system can be used to validate vaccination certificates or medical records, ensuring that the information is accurate and has not been altered.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
[00116] The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, a system 100 and a method 600 for validating quick response (QR) codes, which:
• provide the user(s) with a system and method with a unique signature into the QR code during the encoding process. This signature is embedded by altering specific bits or modules in the QR code, making it difficult for counterfeiters to replicate or tamper with the code;
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that stores specific parameters (such as error correction level, version, and masking pattern) used to generate the QR code ensuring that even if a counterfeit QR code contains the same data, it will not match the stored parameters;
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that ensures that the QR code remains scannable even if it is partially damaged or dirty;
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that ensures the QR code remains valid even in harsh environments reducing the risk of losing the signature due to minor physical damage (e.g., scratches or dust);
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that minimizes storage requirements by storing only the essential information required for validation, such as the positions of the altered bits, their original and modified values, and the QR code parameters;
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that hides the mapping logic from unauthorized users by mapping the combination of QR code parameters (error correction, version, and masking pattern) into a single identifier;
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that can be adapted to different use cases and security requirements; and
• provide the user(s) with a system and method that randomly selects QR code parameters (error correction level, masking pattern, and version) for each QR code, making it difficult for counterfeiters to replicate the exact combination of parameters.
[00117] The present disclosure described herein above has several economic advantages including, but not limited to:
• cost-effectiveness, compared to the state-of-the-art equipment used for validating quick response (QR) codes by avoiding financial losses associated with counterfeit goods;
• user-friendly, compared to the state-of-the-art equipment used for validating quick response (QR) codes ensuring that users do not need specialized equipment to validate QR codes;
• efficient, compared to the state-of-the-art equipment used for validating quick response (QR) codes with efficient validation process ensuring users quickly determine whether a QR code is genuine or counterfeit, improving the overall user experience;
• integrability, the system works seamlessly with standard QR code formats (such as Data Matrix, PDF417, and traditional QR codes), ensuring that it can be integrated into existing workflows without requiring significant changes to current infrastructure; and
• accuracy, compared to the state-of-the-art equipment used for validating quick response (QR) codes that employs a multi-layered validation process .
[00118] The system 100 disclosed in the present disclosure provides a comprehensive solution to the challenges associated with QR code security, privacy, and data integrity. By introducing a unique signature, employing multi-layered validation, and ensuring robustness against physical damage, the system offers a highly accurate, scalable, and efficient method for validating QR codes. These technical advantages make the invention a valuable tool for industries that rely on QR codes for product authentication, inventory tracking, and consumer engagement.
[00119] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[00120] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveals the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
[00121] The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.
[00122] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles, or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
[00123] The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
[00124] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation. ,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system (100) for validating quick response (QR) codes, said system (100) comprising:
an input module (102) configured to receive at least one input string from a user for adding to a quick response (QR) code via a user interface (102a), wherein the input string contains data/information to be added to a quick response (QR) code;
an encoder module (104) configured to cooperate with the input module (102) to receive the input string and generate a pre-quick response (QR) code in accordance with a plurality of randomizers, to encode the pre-QR code to generate a signed QR code by adding a signature on the pre-QR code by means of a set of encoder rules;
a decoder module (106) configured to cooperate with the encoder module (104) to receive the signed QR code by scanning the signed QR code by means of a scanner device (114) and decode the signed QR code by means of a set of decoder rules; and
a validator module (108) configured to cooperate with the decoder module (106) to receive the signed-QR code and validate the signed-QR code by means of a set of validator rules to identify the genuine signed-QR code.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quick response (QR) code is a two-dimensional (2D) code Data Matrix, QR Code, or PDF417, or uses patterns of squares, hexagons, dots, and other shapes to encode data or a one-dimensional (1D) code or one-dimensional (1D) code.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the encoder module (104) comprises:
an input interface (104A) configured to receive at least one input string from the user, wherein the input string contains data or information to be encoded into a QR code;
a pre-QR code generator (104B) configured to generate a pre-QR code based on the input string and a plurality of randomizers, wherein the pre-QR code is generated in binary, decimal, or hexadecimal format;
a signature generation unit (104C) configured to add a signature to the pre-QR code by altering a specific number of bits or modules within the QR code, wherein the signature is generated using the set of encoder rules; and
a parameter selection unit (104D) configured to randomly select QR code parameters.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of randomizers comprises:
a first randomizer configured to determine the number of bits to be altered between a specific range depending on the version and error correction;
a second randomizer configured to select which bits to be altered;
a third randomizer configured to identify the gap between the number of bits that are to be altered between a specific range depending on the version and error correction; and
a fourth randomizer configured to randomly select the QR code parameters including Error correction, masking pattern, and QR code version.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decoder module (106) comprises:
a scanner interface (106A) configured to receive a signed QR code by scanning the QR code by means of the scanner device (114);
a decoding unit (106B) configured to decode the signed QR code using a set of decoder rules, wherein the decoding unit extracts the signature and digital QR code parameters from the signed QR code; and
a signature extraction module (106C) configured to extract the signature and digital QR code parameters from the decoded QR code.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scanner device (114) is an optical scanner selected from a group of scanners consisting of a handheld scanner, mobile scanner, drum scanner, photo scanner, film scanner, portable scanner, optical scanner, sheet-fed scanner, flatbed scanner, and any device that are capable to scanning and capturing QR code.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the validator module (108) comprises of an extracting module (108a), a comparator and validator module (108b).
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the extracting module (108a) is configured to cooperate with the decoder module (106) to receive the signed-QR code and extract signature and digital QR code parameters from the signed-QR code by means of the set of extracting rules.
9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the signed-QR code is printed by using one or more printers by overlapping or merging or mixing or overwriting, wherein the one or more printers are selected from the group consisting of a Thermal Inkjet (TIJ), Continuous inkjet (CIJ), or Laser type printer device or any type of printer device that is capable of printing two-dimensional (2D)/ QR Codes/ images or a combination thereof.
10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the comparator and validator module (108b) is configured to compare and match the extracted signature and the digital QR code parameters received from the extracting module (108a) with a standard signature and a set of standard digital QR code parameters received from a data repository (110) by means of the set of comparator rules and generate a comparison report containing details of the signed-QR code.
11. The system (100) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the set of standard digital QR code parameters includes error correction level, version range, and mask pattern.
12. The system (100) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the mask pattern is selected from the range of -1 to 7, wherein -1 is used for automatic, and the range 0-7 is used for the manual.
13. The system (100) as claimed in claims 7 to 10, wherein the comparator and validator module (108b) is further configured to validate the comparison report by means of the set of validator rules.
14. A method (600) for validating quick response (QR) codes, said method (600) comprising:
receiving (602), by an input module (102), at least one input string from a user for adding to a quick response (QR) code via a user interface (102a), wherein the input string contains data/information to be added to a quick response (QR) code;
generating (604), by an encoder module (104), a pre-quick response (QR) code in accordance with a plurality of randomizers by receiving the input string from the input module (102);
encoding (606), by the encoder module (104), the pre-QR code to generate a signed QR code by adding a signature on the pre-QR code by means of a set of encoder rules;
decoding (608), by a decoder module (106), the signed QR code by means of a set of decoder rules implemented on the signed QR code received from the encoder module (104) by scanning the signed QR code by means of a scanner device (114); and
identifying (610), by a validator module (108), the genuine signed-
QR code by validating the received signed-QR code by means of a set of validator rules.

Dated this 02nd Day of April 2025

_______________________________
MOHAN RAJKUMAR DEWAN, IN/PA – 25
OF R. K. DEWAN & CO.
AUTHORIZED AGENT OF APPLICANT

TO,
THE CONTROLLER OF PATENTS
THE PATENT OFFICE, AT MUMBAI