Description:RESERVATION OF RIGHTS
[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to intellectual property rights such as but are not limited to, copyright, design, trademark, integrated circuit (IC) layout design, and/or trade dress protection, belonging to Jio Platforms Limited (JPL) or its affiliates (hereinafter referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.

FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a field of wireless communication, and specifically to a system and a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0003] The following description of the related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section is used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of the prior art.
[0004] In cellular networks, user equipment (UE) often performs cell reselections while in Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle state, once the UE finds a better neighbour cell and cell selection criteria are met. While in the RRC idle state, the UE continuously listens to paging messages sent by a radio network to check for any Mobile Terminated (MT) call requests. A core network and the radio network are configured with a paging strategy to page the UE whenever there is a downlink data notification received from a Gateway (GW). This paging strategy is planned, optimized, and configured to achieve reliability while maintaining maximum efficiency during the use of limited network resources. Telecom operators design their applications, the core network, and the radio network to align with this paging strategy, which includes multiple paging attempts at configurable periodicity to ensure successful establishment of MT calls for specific UEs without delays.
[0005] However, challenges arise when, after entering the RRC idle state, the UE undergoes further reselection for better coverage, and the core network entities responsible for paging the UE, such as an Access and Mobility Management Function/Mobility Management Entity (AMF/MME), are not aware of a newly selected evolved NodeB (eNB)/gNB. In an idle state mobility, UE context may not be established, and hence the UE location may not be updated in an AMF/MME paging database. In such cases, if there is an MT connection request for the UE, the UE needs to be paged as per a configured paging strategy.
[0006] Consider a scenario where the UE attaches to the network in a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) through the EnodeB, as illustrated in the flow diagram (100) of FIG. 1. The MME may be updated with the UE's context, and the last location (cell identifier (ID), EnodeB, Tracking Area Identity (TAI)) may be saved. Due to inactivity, the EnodeB may release the RRC connection, and the UE goes to the RRC idle state. In the RRC idle state, the UE may keep measuring Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and/or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) of a serving cell and neighbouring cells. Based on the cell reselection criteria defined by the network, the UE may either stay on the same cell or reselect a different cell. Considering that the cell reselection criteria are met, and the UE reselects a New Radio (NR) cell and performs an inter-system idle mode mobility from the LTE to the NR. During such scenarios, the UE may perform a Mobility Registration Update (MRU), where the UE context will be established with the AMF, and the AMF paging database may be updated with the UE's last location (NR cell ID, gNodeB 1, TAI).
[0007] Consider the AMF has the following paging strategy:
• First page: Last served gNodeB ( gNodeB A)
• Second Page: Last 3 visited gNodeBs (gNodeB 1, 2, 3) - After 2 seconds
• Third Page: All gNodeBs belonging to the same TAI - After 4 seconds
[0008] Now, when an MT call is initiated towards the UE, the GW may receive this notification and send a downlink data notification to the AMF. The AMF may use its saved UE location to page it and will first page the UE through gNodeB 1. The UE may immediately respond to the page, establish RRC connection, set up UE context with the AMF, and answer the incoming call.
[0009] After the call is ended, consider that the UE again performs idle mode cell reselection and moves to gNodeB 2 from gNodeB 1. Now, when the MT call is initiated towards the UE, the GW may receive the notification and send the downlink data notification to the AMF. The AMF may use its saved UE location to page it and will first page the UE through the gNodeB 1. Since there is no response from the UE, the AMF may move to a second paging retry and attempt paging through last 3 visited gNodeBs, but the AMF paging database may still have only gNodeB 1 details. The AMF may page the UE through the gNodeB 1 again, and as expected, there will be no response from the UE. The AMF may now move to the third paging retry and attempt paging through TAI. The AMF may page the UE through the visited TAI, and since the new gNodeB (gNodeB 2) belongs to the same TAI, the UE may receive the page through the gNodeB 2 and immediately respond to the page, establish RRC connection with the gNodeB 2, and answer the incoming call.
[0010] However, in this phenomenon, the UE may respond after 6 seconds, causing a delay in either call establishment or a call connection failure if the delay is not tolerated by Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) nodes. Further, paging load in the network may be increased due to the 3 paging attempts from the MME, consuming already constrained network bandwidth.
[0011] There is, therefore, a need in the art to provide an improved system and a method to mitigate page failures and reducing paging load in a cellular network by overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art(s).
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0012] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are listed herein below.
[0013] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network.
[0014] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load by updating location information of a user equipment in a database associated with a system.
[0015] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a user equipment including an embedded application which calls specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to collect and store cellular information from a modulator-demodulator (modem) to decide and initiate data transaction to establish context with a core network.
[0016] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a user equipment including an embedded application in order to update location information and last served cell information, and assist a core network to successfully page the user equipment.

SUMMARY
[0017] This section is provided to introduce certain objects and aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0018] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a system for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network. The system includes one or more processors and a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors. The memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to establish a connection with at least one user equipment to facilitate a context setup. Upon the context setup, the one or more processors receive at least one of a Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a cell identifier, and cell and Radio Resource Control (RRC) status information from the at least one user equipment. The one or more processors determine a transition in location of the at least one user equipment based on the at least one of the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information. The one or more processors update location information of the at least one user equipment in a database associated with the system based on the determination. The one or more processors page the at least one user equipment based on the location information of the at least one user equipment to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in the cellular network.
[0019] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may page the at least one user equipment by being configured to receive a downlink data notification from a Serving Gateway (SGW) in response to initiating a Mobile Terminated (MT) call for the at least one user equipment, and page the at least one user equipment based on the location information of the at least one user equipment with respect to the downlink data notification via a RRC connection.
[0020] In an embodiment, the cell identifier may be at least one of an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) cell identifier and a New Radio (NR) cell identifier.
[0021] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network. The method includes establishing, by one or more processors associated with a system, a connection with at least one user equipment to facilitate a context setup. Upon the context setup, the method includes receiving, by the one or more processors, at least one of a TAI, a cell identifier, and cell and RRC status information from the at least one user equipment. The method includes determining, by the one or more processors, a transition in location of the at least one user equipment based on the at least one of the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information. The method includes updating, by the one or more processors, location information of the at least one user equipment in a database associated with the system based on the determination. The method includes paging, by the one or more processors, the at least one user equipment based on the location information of the at least one user equipment to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in a cellular network.
[0022] In an embodiment, paging, by the one or more processors, the at least one user equipment may include receiving, by the one or more processors, a downlink data notification from a SGW in response to initiating a Mobile Terminated call for the at least one user equipment, and paging, by the one or more processors, the at least one user equipment based on the location information of the at least one user equipment with respect to the downlink data notification via a RRC connection.
[0023] In an embodiment, the cell identifier may be at least one of an EUTRA cell identifier and a NR cell identifier.
[0024] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a user equipment including one or more processors and a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors. The memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to enable a Mobility registration Update (MRU) with a system to facilitate a context setup. Upon the context setup, the one or more processors receive cell and RRC status information, a TAI, and a cell identifier on which the user equipment is camped from a modulator-demodulator associated with the user equipment through one or more Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The one or more processors transmit the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier to the system. The one or more processors are communicatively coupled with the system, and the system is configured to receive the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier from the user equipment, determine a transition in location of the user equipment based on at least one of the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier, update location information of the user equipment in a database associated with the system based on the determination, and page the user equipment based on the location information of the user equipment to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in a cellular network.
[0025] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may be configured to store the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information until the user equipment remains attached to the cellular network.
[0026] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may detect the transition in location of the user equipment from a first network entity to a second network entity in an idle state.
[0027] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may be configured to receive a new cell identifier and cell and RRC status information from the modulator-demodulator in response to detecting that the user equipment performs idle mode reselection and transitions back to the first network entity from the second network entity.
[0028] In an embodiment, the memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, may cause the one or more processors to initiate a small packet transmission over a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping packet to a pre-configured server in response to detecting that the user equipment is transitioned to a new network entity.
[0029] In an embodiment, the memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, may cause the one or more processors to convert the cell identifier into a respective Radio Access Network (RAN) identifier upon receiving the cell identifier from the modulator-demodulator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes the disclosure of electrical components, electronic components, or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates an existing flow diagram (100) for implementing a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network.
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary network architecture (200) for implementing a proposed system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram (300) of a system for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary sequential diagram (400) for implementing a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary computer system (500) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0035] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0037] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.
[0038] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0039] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0040] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0041] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0042] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0043] The present disclosure provides a system and a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network. The system and the method may establish a connection with a user equipment to facilitate a context setup. Upon the context setup, the system may receive a Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a cell identifier, and cell and Radio Resource Control (RRC) status information from the user equipment. The system may determine a transition in location of the user equipment based on the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information. Further, the system may update location information of the user equipment in a database associated with the system, and page the user equipment based on the location information of the user equipment to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in the cellular network.
[0044] Furthermore, the user equipment may include an embedded application which calls specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to obtain cellular information from a modulator-demodulator (modem) associated with the user equipment and store the cellular information. The cellular information may be utilized to decide and initiate data transaction to establish context with a core network in order to update last served cell information and assist the core network to successfully page the user equipment.
[0045] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to FIGs. 2-5.
[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary network architecture (200) for implementing a proposed system (208), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0047] As illustrated in FIG. 2, by way of example and without limitation, the exemplary network architecture (200) may include a plurality of computing devices (204-1, 204-2…204-N), which may be individually referred as the computing device (204) and collectively referred as the computing devices (204). The computing devices (204) may be associated with a plurality of users (202-1, 202-2…202-N). The plurality of users (202-1, 202-2…202-N) may be individually referred as the user (202) and collectively referred as the users (202). It may be appreciated that the computing device (204) may be interchangeably referred to as an Internet of Things (IoT) device or a User Equipment (UE).
[0048] In an embodiment, the UE (204) may include smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The UE (204) may be, for example, but are not limited to, a set-up box, a smart television (TV), a streaming media player, a media centre personal computer (PC), and so on. In an embodiment, the UE (204) may include, but is not limited to, smart phones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, smart television (TV), computers, smart security system, smart home system, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the users and/or entities, or any combination thereof.
[0049] A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (204) may include, but is not limited to, intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that can integrate seamlessly with each other and/or with a central server or a cloud-computing system or any other device that is network-connected.
[0050] In an embodiment, the UE (204) may include, but is not limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartphone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device (e.g., a head-mounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or any type of portable computer, a media playing device, a portable gaming system, and/or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like. In an embodiment, that the UE (204) may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electromechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a laptop, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device, wherein the UE (204) may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user (202) or the entity such as a touch pad, a touch enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like.
[0051] A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (204) may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.
[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE (204) may communicate with a system (208) through a network (206). It may be appreciated that the system (208) may be interchangeably referred to as an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) throughout the disclosure. The network (206) may include, by way of example but not limitation, at least a portion of one or more networks having one or more nodes that transmit, receive, forward, generate, buffer, store, route, switch, process, or a combination thereof, etc. one or more messages, packets, signals, waves, voltage or current levels, some combination thereof, or so forth. The network (206) may include, by way of example but not limitation, one or more of: a wireless network, a wired network, an internet, an intranet, a public network, a private network, a packet-switched network, a circuit-switched network, an ad hoc network, an infrastructure network, a public-switched telephone network (PSTN), a cable network, a cellular network, a satellite network, a fiber optic network, some combination thereof. It may be appreciated that the network (206) may be interchangeably referred to as the cellular network.
[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the system (208) may be configured to establish a connection with the UE (204). The UE (204) may enable a Mobility registration Update (MRU) with the system (208) to facilitate a context setup. The UE (204) may include one or more processors and a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors. The memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, may cause the one or more processors to, upon the context setup, receive cell and Radio Resource Control (RRC) status information, a Tracking Area Identity (TAI), and a cell identifier on which the UE (204) is camped from a modulator-demodulator (modem) associated with the UE (204) through one or more Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The cell identifier may be an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) cell identifier and/or a New Radio (NR) cell identifier. The one or more processors may convert the cell identifier into a Radio Access Network (RAN) identifier upon receiving the cell identifier from the modem. The one or more processors may transmit the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier to the system (208).
[0054] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may be configured to store the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information until the UE (204) remains attached to the network (206). In an embodiment, the one or more processors may detect a transition in location of the UE (204) from a first network entity to a second network entity in an idle state. The network entities may be, for example, but not limited to, an evolved NodeB (EnodeB), a next-generation NodeB 1 (gNodeB 1), a gNodeB 2, and the like. In an embodiment, the one or more processors may receive a new cell identifier and cell and RRC status information from the modem in response to detecting that the UE (204) performs idle mode reselection and transitions back to the first network entity from the second network entity.
[0055] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may initiate a small packet transmission over a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping packet to a pre-configured server in response to detecting that the user equipment (204) is transitioned to a new entity, i.e., a new eNodeB/gNodeB .
[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the system (208) may be configured to receive the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information from the UE (204). The system (208) may be configured to determine a transition in location of the UE (204) based on the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information, and update location information of the UE (204) in a database associated with the system (208) based on the determination. Further, the system (208) may be configured to page the UE (204) based on the location information of the UE (204) to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in the network (206).
[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the system (208) may be configured to initiate a Mobile Terminated (MT) call for the UE (204). In response to initiating the MT call for the UE (204), the system (208) may receive a downlink data notification from a Serving Gateway (SGW) and page the UE (204) based on the location information of the UE (204) with respect to the downlink data notification. The system (208) may page the UE (204) via a RRC connection.
[0058] Although FIG. 2 shows exemplary components of the network architecture (200), in other embodiments, the network architecture (200) may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture (200) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture (200).
[0059] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram (300) of a system (208) for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network (206), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0060] In an embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 3, the system (208) may include one or more processors (302). The one or more processors (302) may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processors (302) may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (304) of the system (208). The memory (304) may store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines, which may be fetched and executed to create or share the data units over a network service. The memory (304) may include any non-transitory storage device including, for example, volatile memory such as Random-Access Memory (RAM), or non-volatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.
[0061] In an embodiment, the system (208) may also include an interface(s) (306). The interface(s) (306) may include a variety of interfaces, for example, a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices, referred to as I/O devices, storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) (306) may facilitate communication of the system (208) with various devices coupled to it. The interface(s) (306) may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system (208). Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, processing engine(s) (308) and a database (310).
[0062] In an embodiment, the processing engine(s) (308) may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing engine(s) (308). In examples, described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processing engine(s) (308) may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the one or more processors (302) may comprise a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the processing engine(s) (308). In such examples, the system (208) may comprise the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system (208) and the processing resource. In other examples, the processing engine(s) (308) may be implemented by an electronic circuitry.
[0063] In an embodiment, the database (310) may comprise data that may be either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the components of the processors (302) or the processing engine(s) (308) or the system (208).
[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the processing engine(s) (308) may include one or more engines selected from any of a data ingestion engine (312) and other units/engines (314). The other units/engines (314) may include, but are not limited to, a monitoring engine, a determination engine, and the like.
[0065] In an embodiment, the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), receive a TAI, a cell identifier, and cell and RRC status information from a UE (204). The cell identifier may be an EUTRA cell identifier and/or a NR cell identifier. In an embodiment, the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), determine a transition in location of the UE (204) based on the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information. Further, the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), update location information of the UE (204) in the database (310) based on the determination. In an embodiment, the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), page the UE (204) based on the location information of the UE (204) to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in a cellular network (206).
[0066] In an embodiment, the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), initiate a MT call for the UE (204). In response to initiating the MT call for the UE (204), the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), receive a downlink data notification from a Serving Gateway (SGW). With respect to the downlink data notification, the one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), page the UE (204) based on the location information of the UE (204). The one or more processors (302) may, via the data ingestion engine (312), page the UE (204) via a RRC connection.
[0067] Although FIG. 3 shows exemplary components of the system (208), in other embodiments, the system (208) may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the system (208) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the system (208).
[0068] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary sequential diagram (400) for implementing a method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0069] With reference to FIG. 4, Upon boot-up, a UE (204) may connect to a network (206) using an LTE. During an initial UE context setup, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) may obtain a TAI and an EUTRA-cell identifier from the UE (204). The MME may update its list of Evolved NodeB (EnodeB) based on the TAI and the EUTRA-cell identifier. The UE (204) may include an application (204a) to retrieve cell and RRC status information from a modem (204c) using APIs (204b) and updates its list of visited cells.
[0070] When there is no activity, an eNodeB (402) may release a RRC connection, and the UE (204) may enter a RRC idle state. If cell reselection criteria are met, the UE (204) may select a NR cell, transitioning from the LTE to NR. The UE (204) may perform an MRU, establishing UE context with a system (208), i.e., an AMF. Further, the AMF's paging database (for example, a database 310) may be updated with the UE's last location based on the NR cell identifier, gNodeB 1 (404), and the TAI.
[0071] Upon cell reselection to a gNodeB 2 (406) from the gNodeB 1 (404), the application (204a) may update its list of visited cells using the APIs (204b). When the UE (204) establishes the RRC connection through the gNodeB 2 (406), the AMF (208) may set up a context for the UE (204) through the gNodeB 2 (406) and update its paging database (310), by adding the gNodeB 2 (406) as the last visited gNodeB.
[0072] If the UE (204) enters the RRC idle state and a MT call is initiated, a serving gateway (SGW) may send a downlink data notification (DDN) to the AMF (208). The AMF (208), following its paging strategy, may page the UE (204) through the last served gNodeB (i.e., the gNodeB 2 (406)). Since the UE (204) is camped to the gNodeB 2 (406), the UE (204) may receive the page and respond immediately to the incoming call, thereby establishing the call.
[0073] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary computer system (500) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0074] As shown in FIG. 5, the computer system (500) may include an external storage device (510), a bus (520), a main memory (530), a read-only memory (540), a mass storage device (550), a communication port(s) (560), and a processor (570). A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system (500) may include more than one processor (570) and communication ports (560). The processor (570) may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) (560) may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication ports(s) (560) may be chosen depending on a network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system (500) connects.
[0075] In an embodiment, the main memory (530) may be a Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory (540) may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chip for storing static information e.g., start-up or basic input/output system (BIOS) instructions for the processor (570). The mass storage device (550) may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces).
[0076] In an embodiment, the bus (520) may communicatively couple the processor(s) (570) with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus (520) may be, e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI)/PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), USB, or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor (570) to the computer system (500).
[0077] In another embodiment, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, keyboard, and cursor control device may also be coupled to the bus (520) to support direct operator interaction with the computer system (500). Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) (560). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system (500) limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0078] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0079] The present disclosure facilitates in mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network in an efficient manner.
[0080] The present disclosure provides a user equipment including an application for calling specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to collect and store cellular information from a modulator-demodulator (modem) to decide and initiate data transaction to establish context with a core network.
[0081] The present disclosure provides a user equipment including an application in order to update location information and a last served cell information, and assist a core network to successfully page the user equipment.

, Claims:1. A system (208) for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network (206), the system (208) comprising:
one or more processors (302); and
a memory (304) operatively coupled to the one or more processors (302), wherein the memory (304) comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors (302) to:
establish a connection with at least one user equipment (204) to facilitate a context setup;
upon the context setup, receive at least one of: a Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a cell identifier, and cell and Radio Resource Control (RRC) status information from the at least one user equipment (204);
determine a transition in location of the at least one user equipment (204) based on the at least one of: the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information;
update location information of the at least one user equipment (204) in a database (310) associated with the system (208) based on the determination; and
page the at least one user equipment (204) based on the location information of the at least one user equipment (204) to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in a cellular network (206).

2. The system (208) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors (302) are to page the at least one user equipment (204) by being configured to:
receive a downlink data notification from a Serving Gateway (SGW) in response to initiating a Mobile Terminated (MT) call for the at least one user equipment (204); and
page the at least one user equipment (204) based on the location information of the at least one user equipment (204) with respect to the downlink data notification via a RRC connection.

3. The system (208) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cell identifier is at least one of: an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) cell identifier and a New Radio (NR) cell identifier.

4. A method for mitigating page failure and reducing paging load in a cellular network (206), the method comprising:
establishing, by one or more processors (302) associated with a system (208), a connection with at least one user equipment (204) to facilitate a context setup;
upon the context setup, receiving, by the one or more processors (302), at least one of: a Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a cell identifier, and cell and Radio Resource Control (RRC) status information from the at least one user equipment (204);
determining, by the one or more processors (302), a transition in location of the at least one user equipment (204) based on the at least one of: the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information;
updating, by the one or more processors (302), location information of the at least one user equipment (204) in a database (310) associated with the system (208) based on the determination; and
paging, by the one or more processors (302), the at least one user equipment (204) based on the location information of the at least one user equipment (204) to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in a cellular network (206).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein paging, by the one or more processors (302), the at least one user equipment (204) comprises:
receiving, by the one or more processors (302), a downlink data notification from a Serving Gateway (SGW) in response to initiating a Mobile Terminated (MT) call for the at least one user equipment (204); and
paging, by the one or more processors (302), the at least one user equipment (204) based on the location information of the at least one user equipment (204) with respect to the downlink data notification via a RRC connection.

6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cell identifier is at least one of: an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) cell identifier and a New Radio (NR) cell identifier.

7. A user equipment (204), comprising:
one or more processors; and
a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the memory comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to:
enable a Mobility registration Update (MRU) with a system (208) to facilitate a context setup;
upon the context setup, receive cell and Radio Resource Control (RRC) status information, a Tracking Area Identity (TAI), and a cell identifier on which the user equipment (204) is camped from a modulator-demodulator associated with the user equipment (204) through one or more Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); and
transmit the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier to the system (208);
wherein the one or more processors are communicatively coupled with the system (208), and wherein the system (208) is configured to:
receive the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier from the user equipment (204);
determine a transition in location of the user equipment (204) based on at least one of: the cell and RRC status information, the TAI, and the cell identifier;
update location information of the user equipment (204) in a database (310) associated with the system (208) based on the determination; and
page the user equipment (204) based on the location information of the user equipment (204) to mitigate page failure and reduce paging load in a cellular network (206).

8. The user equipment (204) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to store the TAI, the cell identifier, and the cell and RRC status information until the user equipment (204) remains attached to the cellular network (206).

9. The user equipment (204) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the one or more processors to detect the transition in location of the user equipment (204) from a first network entity to a second network entity in an idle state.
10. The user equipment (204) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive a new cell identifier and cell and RRC status information from the modulator-demodulator in response to detecting that the user equipment (204) performs idle mode reselection and transitions back to the first network entity from the second network entity.

11. The user equipment (204) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the memory comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to initiate a small packet transmission over a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping packet to a pre-configured server in response to detecting that the user equipment (204) is transitioned to a new entity.

12. The user equipment (204) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the memory comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to convert the cell identifier into a Radio Access Network (RAN) identifier upon receiving the cell identifier from the modulator-demodulator.