DESC:SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PAIRING OF SWAPPABLE POWERPACK WITH VEHICLE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202421068721 filed on 11/09/2024, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
Generally, the present disclosure relates to swappable battery units. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and a system for secure pairing of a swappable powerpack with an Electric Vehicle (EV).
BACKGROUND
Electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by large-format rechargeable battery packs that serve as the primary energy storage systems, supplying electrical power to drive the traction motors and supporting auxiliary components such as climate control systems, infotainment units, onboard sensors, and control modules. The battery packs comprise multiple lithium-ion or lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) cells to achieve the desired voltage and capacity levels. The cells are housed within modules and assembled into a larger battery pack architecture. Further, each module is integrated with a battery management system (BMS), which monitors parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC) to ensure safe and efficient operation.
Recently, the battery packs have evolved and are designed with a scope of modularity and serviceability. Modularity implies that the battery packs are removable and replaceable for maintenance, upgrades, or battery swapping. Moreover, the battery packs include features such as onboard diagnostics, wireless communication modules, and embedded memory storage to support data-driven insights into battery performance and degradation. Consequently, the battery pack has become an electromechanical and software-integrated subsystem. With an increase in usage of EVs and battery-swapping stations, secure battery identification and pairing procedures are required. Further, paradigms including Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS), fleet-based energy optimization, and shared vehicle infrastructures require battery packs that are decoupled from the EV and are circulated among multiple users or platforms. At the battery-swapping station, the discharged battery pack is removed from the EV and replaced with a fully charged battery pack, thus eliminating the time required for recharging the EV. The aforementioned process, while offering significant advantages in terms of operational uptime and user convenience, introduces a set of technical challenges. To address the previously mentioned needs, the battery packs often employ a combination of identification and authentication technologies, including embedded Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) chips or microcontrollers having unique serial numbers, hardware-encoded digital certificates, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)/ Near Field Communication (NFC) tags, or wireless communication protocols such as Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) for data exchange between the battery pack and the vehicle.
However, there are certain problems associated with the existing or above-mentioned mechanism to secure the exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station. For instance, the lack of standardized identification protocols across manufacturers reduces cross-platform compatibility. Consequently, the lack of identification raises security concerns, such as, but not limited to, the risk of unauthorized or counterfeit battery packs being paired with the vehicle, which leads to performance degradation, system errors, or safety hazards. The tampered identification tags or counterfeit batteries bypass weak authentication systems with unencrypted communication, allowing unauthorized access or spoofing. Additionally, many existing swapping mechanisms do not maintain persistent pairing histories, preventing the tracking of battery health over time and complicating warranty validation or predictive maintenance efforts. In some cases, manual or semi-automated identification processes increase the potential for human error, particularly in high-throughput environments including battery-swapping stations.
Therefore, there exists a need for a secure, interoperable, and automated alternative for the secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station.
SUMMARY
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to exchange of battery units upon successful verification of parameters of the battery units via cryptographic verification, a weighted scoring algorithm, and identifiers.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, the system comprising:
- a vehicle-side control module configured to:
- initiate an exchange request to the battery unit exchange station to exchange a first battery unit, the exchange request comprising a first battery unit identifier, a first battery unit slot identifier, and an energy requirement value;
- a station-side control module configured to:
- identify a second battery unit to dispense, with a corresponding second battery unit identifier; and
- determine a dispensing slot for the second battery unit with a corresponding dispensing slot identifier and an insertion slot to receive the first battery unit with a corresponding insertion slot identifier;
- a plurality of battery slots at the battery unit exchange station, wherein each battery slot is associated with a unique identifier and comprises at least one occupancy sensor; and
- a communication interface configured to exchange data between the vehicle side control module and the station side control module;
wherein the exchange of the battery units is permitted after successful validation of the first battery unit identifier with the insertion slot identifier, the second battery unit identifier with the dispensing slot identifier, and the first battery unit slot identifier with the second battery unit identifier.
The system for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, as described in the present disclosure, is advantageous in terms of enhanced security and interoperability. Specifically, the use of cryptographic validation between battery unit identifiers and slot identifiers ensures authentication and traceability of each exchange transaction, preventing unauthorized swaps or mismatches. Further, dynamic selection of the second battery unit based on energy requirement enhances operational efficiency by aligning battery capacity with vehicle demand. Furthermore, slot-level occupancy detection allows precise allocation of insertion and dispensing operations, improving system responsiveness and reducing downtime. Overall, the system increases reliability, supports unmanned operation, and ensures compatibility and safety across diverse vehicle-battery-slot configurations.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, the method comprising:
- receiving, at a station-side control module, an exchange request from a vehicle, the request comprising a first battery unit identifier, a first battery unit slot identifier, and an energy requirement value;
- identifying a second battery unit based on the energy requirement value, the second battery unit associated with a second battery unit identifier, via a station-side control module;
- generating a first verification hash by hashing the first battery unit identifier and the first battery unit slot identifier using a secure hashing algorithm, via the station-side control module ;
- generating a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier and a dispensing slot identifier using the same secure hashing algorithm, via the station-side control module ; and
- permitting the exchange of the battery units only upon successful comparison of the verification hashes with digitally signed reference records stored in a ledger.

Additional aspects, advantages, features, and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments constructed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow.
It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method of secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present disclosure are also possible.
As used herein, the terms “electric vehicle”, “EV”, and “vehicle” are used interchangeably and refer to automobiles that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy for operation. The vehicle operates using electric motors that utilize energy from onboard rechargeable batteries, which makes the vehicle an energy-efficient alternative to fossil-fuel-powered vehicles. The types of EVs include, but not limited to, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The BEVs are limited to running on electricity and are charged using an external power source. Further, the HEVs use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor and utilize regenerative braking and the engine to charge the battery. Furthermore, the PHEVs, which combine an electric motor with a conventional engine and are charged externally as well as fuelled. The EV offers an alternative to traditional charging by making the battery separate and dismountable, which is swappable with a separate battery. The swappable nature of the battery allows the user to swap a depleted battery for a fully charged battery at a battery unit exchange station.
As used herein, the terms “battery unit exchange station”, “battery swapping station”, “power exchange station”, and “power unit swapping station” are used interchangeably and refer to a facility designed to allow EV users to replace a depleted battery with a fully charged battery, and thus recharge the EV. Specifically, matching the identities of the battery with the corresponding slot enables swapping the batteries between the battery unit exchange station and the vehicle. The types of battery unit exchange stations include a manual battery unit exchange station and an autonomous battery unit exchange station. The manual battery unit exchange station requires the user to manually switch the batteries between the battery unit exchange station and the vehicle, and only provides the user with the charged batteries. Further, the autonomous battery unit exchange station is equipped with inline arrangements to remove the discharged battery from the EV and install a charged replacement, significantly reducing vehicle downtime compared to conventional charging methods. Advantageously, the battery unit exchange stations are part of a broader energy management network, ensuring that batteries are charged during off-peak hours and maintained under optimal conditions to extend the batteries lifespan and performance.
As used herein, the term “vehicle-side control module” refers to an onboard computational and communication unit integrated within the electric vehicle, and configured to interface with external infrastructure and manage battery-related authentication, validation, and compatibility protocols. Specifically, the vehicle-side control module includes, but is not limited to, embedded hardware and firmware components responsible for initiating communication with a battery swap station, transmitting battery-related metadata, receiving verification results, and enforcing compatibility criteria prior to battery acceptance. Further, the vehicle side control module retrieves and transmits identifiers of the first battery unit, state of charge, battery health parameters, and metadata for generating verification hashes. The types of vehicle-side control modules include standalone microcontroller-based units with embedded communication stacks, integrated powertrain control modules with battery interface functionality, and modular embedded systems incorporating cryptographic accelerators, real-time operating systems, and secure storage for cryptographic keys and rule sets. Each type of vehicle-side control module enables interoperability with the station-side system and ensures data confidentiality, authentication fidelity, and rule-based compatibility assessment in a decentralized and secure manner.
As used herein, the terms “first battery unit”, “first battery pack”, “first battery”, and “first power pack” are used interchangeably and refer to a removable, rechargeable electrochemical energy storage module integrated within the EV and designated for secure exchange with a battery unit exchange station under a controlled protocol. Specifically, the first battery unit functions as both a physical energy component and a digital asset within the system architecture and is identified with a first battery unit identifier. Further, the first battery unit identifier is cryptographically signed and hashed by the vehicle-side control module and transmitted as part of an encrypted data packet to the station-side control module, forming the basis for authentication, validation, and traceability. The first battery unit is physically installed in a location defined as the first battery unit slot within the vehicle chassis. Operational telemetry from the first battery unit is continuously monitored by the vehicle-side control module to derive an energy requirement value. The energy requirement value is included in the exchange request to assist the station-side control module in selecting a replacement battery that meets the operational needs of the vehicle. The types of first battery units are defined based on electrochemical composition, structural format, and application-specific configurations. The electrochemical classifications include lithium-ion (NMC, NCA), lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium-titanate (LTO), and solid-state chemistries. Application-specific configurations involve variations in voltage class, connector interface, embedded communication protocols, and thermal management integration. Each type of the first battery unit is catalogued within the station-side control module and associated with metadata for compatibility verification, allowing the system to determine whether the first battery unit meets the mechanical, electrical, and software interface requirements for exchange. The first battery unit therefore, operates as a secure, interoperable module integrated into a cryptographically validated, condition-aware, and automation-driven battery exchange infrastructure.
As used herein, the term “first battery unit identifier” refers to a unique, non-repeating digital signature associated with the first battery unit installed within the EV and designated for secure exchange within a battery swapping system. Specifically, the first battery unit identifier is generated at the point of manufacturing or system registration and is permanently linked to the physical and functional characteristics of the first battery unit. Further, the first battery unit identifier is formatted as an alphanumeric string or encoded hash, integrated with secure elements or embedded memory within the battery unit, and bound to metadata including battery chemistry, capacity, voltage class, cell configuration, manufacturing origin, and thermal behavior. Further, the first battery unit identifier Battery unit and slot identifiers may include QR codes, barcodes, RFID/NFC tags, EEPROM-based IDs, Bluetooth/Wi-Fi MAC addresses, UUIDs, or cryptographic tokens. Additional methods include electrical signatures or mechanical keying for physical validation. Moreover, during the exchange initiation process, the vehicle-side control module incorporates the first battery unit identifier into an encrypted data packet along with the first battery unit slot identifier and energy requirement value. The first battery unit identifier undergoes hashing using a secure algorithm such as SHA-256, forming the basis of a first verification hash. Subsequently, the hash is compared against a digitally signed reference stored in a secure ledger within the station-side control module, enabling real-time validation of the identifier's authenticity, origin, and integrity. The identifier serves as the anchor for compatibility checks, lifecycle tracking, warranty validation, and fraud prevention, ensuring that only approved, traceable, and performance-verified battery units participate in the automated exchange operation.
As used herein, the term “station-side control module” refers to a central computational and control subsystem located within the battery unit exchange station, responsible for managing battery selection, slot allocation, cryptographic validation, and execution of physical exchange operations. Specifically, the station-side control module functions as the central decision-making entity in the battery unit exchange station and hence receives encrypted exchange requests from the vehicle-side control module, which include the first battery unit identifier, the first battery unit slot identifier, and the energy requirement value. The resulting verification hash is matched against a digitally signed reference stored in a secure ledger to confirm authenticity and validate the identity and origin of the incoming battery unit. Simultaneously, the station-side control module performs battery matching operations via a rule-based engine that filters available second battery units based on the energy requirement value, state-of-charge thresholds, battery health vectors, and historical performance metrics. The station-side control module also performs compatibility checks between the first battery unit slot identifier and the candidate second battery unit using a predefined compatibility rule set, ensuring safe mechanical and electrical integration. The types of station-side control modules include, but not limited to, centralized embedded controllers with real-time operating systems (RTOS), distributed microcontroller-based systems with modular slot management logic, and cloud-synchronized hybrid architectures with local processing and remote policy enforcement. Therefore, integration of real-time validation, intelligent selection, and automated actuation enables the station-side control module to deliver high-assurance, scalable, and tamper-proof battery exchange operations across multi-format energy infrastructures.
As used herein, the terms “second battery unit”, “second battery pack”, “second battery”, and “second power pack” are used interchangeably and refer to a replacement electrochemical energy storage module selected and dispensed by the battery unit exchange station in response to a validated exchange request from a vehicle. Specifically, the second battery unit is characterized by a unique second battery unit identifier, which is cryptographically secured and paired with a dispensing slot identifier to ensure traceable and authenticated delivery. The station-side control module evaluates all available second battery units stored in the station by comparing each battery’s state-of-charge, battery health parameters, and performance history against the energy requirement value submitted by the vehicle-side control module. A rule-based engine in the station-side control module processes the aforementioned data to determine eligibility, and a weighted scoring algorithm calculates a ranking index derived from a battery health vector composed of metrics such as capacity retention, charge acceptance rate, internal resistance, thermal efficiency, and historical fault records. Further, the highest-ranking second battery unit is selected and assigned to a dispensing slot confirmed to be unoccupied and operationally ready via real-time feedback from embedded occupancy sensors. The second battery unit undergoes cryptographic hashing along with the dispensing slot identifier to generate a second verification hash. The second battery unit is validated for compatibility with the vehicle's battery slot using a predefined rule set. The types of second battery units include lithium-ion chemistries such as, but not limited to, nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA), lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium-titanate (LTO), and emerging solid-state configurations. Each type is available in structural variants such as prismatic, pouch, and cylindrical cell formats, with metadata attributes encoded within the station's asset management system for precise matching and lifecycle tracking. Advantageously, the second battery unit serves as a verified, optimal, and compatible energy replacement that extends vehicle range and ensures alignment with safety, performance, and system integrity standards defined within the secure exchange protocol.
As used herein, the term “second battery unit identifier” refers to a unique digital signature assigned to the second battery unit selected by the station-side control module for dispensing during an authenticated battery exchange operation. Specifically, the second battery unit identifier is generated during manufacturing or system registration and permanently linked to the physical and operational characteristics of the corresponding second battery unit. Further, the second battery unit identifier may include QR codes, barcodes, RFID/NFC tags, EEPROM-based IDs, Bluetooth/Wi-Fi MAC addresses, UUIDs, or cryptographic tokens. Further, the second battery unit identifier is integrated into the encrypted data packet along with the associated dispensing slot identifier, forming the input for a cryptographic hash function executed by the station-side control module. The resulting second verification hash is compared against a digitally signed reference record stored in a secure ledger, enabling deterministic validation of the second battery unit’s identity and operational authorization. Furthermore, the validation of the second battery unit identifier ensures that only authenticated, registered, and condition-verified battery units are dispensed, maintaining operational integrity and system security. The types of second battery unit identifiers include hardware-embedded secure element-based identifiers, software-generated UUIDs registered within a local or distributed asset management system, and blockchain-based identity tokens supporting immutable lifecycle traceability. Each type supports specific security models and deployment environments, from isolated local stations to cloud-integrated, multi-station networks. The second battery unit identifier enables secure mapping between digital control logic and physical battery infrastructure, facilitating compatibility enforcement, fraud prevention, and efficient asset utilization within the battery exchange system.
As used herein, the term “dispensing slot” refers to the physical interface within the battery unit exchange station designated for holding and releasing a second battery unit selected for delivery to an electric vehicle during a secure exchange process. Specifically, the dispensing slot is associated with a unique dispensing slot identifier, enabling precise digital mapping to the corresponding second battery unit and facilitating cryptographic validation within the exchange protocol. The station-side control module assigns the dispensing slot based on a real-time slot availability matrix, dynamically updated by occupancy sensors embedded within each battery slot to reflect current usage status and readiness for operation. Further, the dispensing slot integrates electrical and communication interfaces to facilitate handshake operations with the battery unit for final health checks prior to dispensing. The types of dispensing slots include high-capacity vertical racking systems for large-format batteries, horizontal slide-in compartments for standardized vehicle battery modules, and robotic dispensing mechanisms with guided alignment for high-precision insertion. Each type is characterized by structural dimensions, locking mechanism specifications, interface protocols, and thermal management capabilities, all catalogued within the station's configuration database.
As used herein, the term “dispensing slot identifier” refers to a unique, digitally encoded value assigned to a specific dispensing slot within the battery unit exchange station, enabling unambiguous identification, secure mapping, and traceable control of the second battery unit during the exchange process. Specifically, structured as a non-repeating alphanumeric code, the dispensing slot identifier is linked to the physical location, control interface, and operational status of the dispensing slot within the station-side control module’s infrastructure. Further, the dispensing slot identifier may include QR codes, barcodes, RFID/NFC tags, EEPROM-based IDs, Bluetooth/Wi-Fi MAC addresses, UUIDs, or cryptographic tokens. Further, the selected dispensing slot and the corresponding identifier are combined with the second battery unit identifier to form a verification hash using a secure hashing algorithm such as SHA-256. The dispensing slot identifier functions as a reference key in control logic for triggering electromechanical actuators responsible for unlocking the battery unit during the physical handoff. Furthermore, the metadata linked to each identifier includes slot dimensions, electrical interface type, mechanical alignment configuration, actuator specifications, and thermal control capabilities. The types of dispensing slot identifiers include static identifiers for fixed-location slots, dynamically assigned identifiers for reconfigurable robotic slots, and hierarchical identifiers for modular racking systems with nested addressing structures. The dispensing slot identifier plays a critical role in ensuring secure and accurate alignment between the digital exchange protocol and the physical dispensing operation, supporting integrity, compatibility, and efficiency across heterogeneous battery station architectures.
As used herein, the term “insertion slot” refers to a designated physical interface within the battery unit exchange station configured to receive the first battery unit from the electric vehicle during the secure battery exchange process. Specifically, the insertion slot serves as an active receptacle equipped with mechanical alignment guides, electrical terminals, communication ports, and occupancy sensors for the depleted battery unit. Each insertion slot is mapped to a unique insertion slot identifier, enabling deterministic assignment and traceable verification within the station-side control module. The types of insertion slots include fixed horizontal bays for standard vehicle battery modules, vertical insertion frames for high-density pack systems, and robotic intake ports capable of adjusting to variable battery geometries. Each type is defined by specific characteristics such as slot dimensions, contact geometry, actuator design, and environmental control features. The insertion slot supports critical functions including secure containment, electrical disconnection, data acquisition from the incoming battery, and mechanical locking, all of which are arranged by the station-side control module to ensure accurate placement, secure reception, and system compatibility.
As used herein, the term “insertion slot identifier” refers to a unique digital reference assigned to a specific insertion slot within the battery unit exchange station, enabling unambiguous identification, secure slot allocation, and cryptographic association with the first battery unit during the exchange process. Specifically, the insertion slot identifier is structured as a non-repeating alphanumeric code and serves as a critical parameter in the exchange transaction initiated by the station-side control module. Further, the insertion slot identifier may include QR codes, barcodes, RFID/NFC tags, EEPROM-based IDs, Bluetooth/Wi-Fi MAC addresses, UUIDs, or cryptographic tokens. The insertion slot identifier functions as a control key within the station-side control architecture to initiate electromechanical unlocking of the slot, allowing receipt of the first battery unit upon successful validation. The data associated with each insertion slot identifier includes mechanical dimensions, terminal configuration, thermal characteristics, actuator type, and maintenance status. The types of insertion slot identifiers include static hardware-mapped identifiers for fixed-slot installations, dynamically indexed identifiers for modular slot arrays, and hierarchical slot identifiers for stations with multi-level or grid-based slot architectures. The insertion slot identifier ensures deterministic, verifiable, and secure coordination between digital validation logic and physical reception mechanisms, supporting traceable battery intake operations and enhancing the overall security, scalability, and automation of the battery exchange infrastructure.
As used herein, the term “battery slots” refers to a discrete, electronically managed compartment within the battery unit exchange station, configured to house, store, receive, or dispense battery units as part of the secure exchange process. Specifically, each battery slot within the plurality is associated with a unique battery slot identifier and integrated with at least one occupancy sensor, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of slot status and availability. The station-side control module manages the plurality of battery slots by continuously querying the occupancy sensors to generate a dynamically updated slot availability matrix, which informs selection of insertion and dispensing slots during exchange operations. Electrical interfaces within each slot provide charging connectivity and data communication for battery status interrogation, and mechanically aligning features ensure proper orientation and secure engagement of the battery unit. The types of battery slots within the plurality include fixed horizontal bays configured for standard-format battery packs, vertical racking systems optimized for high-capacity modules, robotic docking stations with adjustable alignment features for variable-sized batteries, and modular grid-based architectures for scalable deployment across large exchange stations. Each type of battery slot is defined by parameters such as, but not limited to, slot geometry, actuator mechanism, interface standard, thermal control integration, and communication protocol. The plurality of battery slots forms the operational backbone of the exchange station, enabling high-throughput, secure, and automated battery transactions, while supporting heterogeneous battery formats and maintaining compliance with cryptographic validation, compatibility enforcement, and real-time inventory control requirements defined within the system architecture.
As used herein, the term “occupancy sensor” refers to an embedded sensing device integrated within each battery slot of the battery unit exchange station, designed to detect the presence or absence of a battery unit in real time and provide slot status information to the station-side control module. The occupancy sensor continuously transmits binary or analog signals representing the occupancy condition of the corresponding slot, thereby enabling accurate population of the real-time slot availability matrix. Further, each occupancy sensor interfaces with the station side control module through dedicated data channels and supports time-stamped logging for operational traceability. The occupancy sensor contributes to automated decision-making by facilitating slot validation before control signal generation for electromechanical actuator engagement. The types of occupancy sensors include infrared proximity sensors for non-contact detection, mechanical limit switches for direct physical contact sensing, capacitive sensors for detecting dielectric changes, ultrasonic sensors for distance-based detection, and optical beam-break sensors for line-of-sight disruption monitoring. Each type is selected based on slot design, environmental conditions, battery format, and response time requirements. The occupancy sensor ensures high-reliability slot status detection, supports real-time system responsiveness, and eliminates the need for manual slot verification, thereby enhancing automation, safety, and efficiency in the battery exchange infrastructure.
As used herein, the term “communication interface” refers to a structured data exchange medium that enables secure, real-time transmission of operational, cryptographic, and control information between the vehicle-side control module and the station-side control module during the battery unit exchange process. Specifically, the communication interface is a bi-directional digital interface that manages the secure relay of identifiers, energy requirement values, slot statuses, verification hashes, and control signals necessary to execute and validate battery transactions. The communication interface is embedded within the respective control modules and supports encrypted data packets containing discrete values such as the first battery unit identifier, first battery unit slot identifier, second battery unit identifier, dispensing slot identifier, and insertion slot identifier, each hashed and digitally signed to ensure data integrity and authenticity. The communication interface operates under a protocol stack that incorporates secure handshake sequences, error correction routines, packet acknowledgment mechanisms, and time-synchronized encryption routines for secure transmission. The types of communication interfaces include wired protocols such as CAN (Controller Area Network) and Ethernet for high-speed, low-latency communication within localized systems, wireless protocols such as Wi-Fi and LTE for remote or mobile exchange scenarios, and hybrid interfaces that combine short-range RF with cloud-based API endpoints for distributed system management. Each communication interface variant integrates with system-level authentication routines, cryptographic modules, and session management layers to ensure uninterrupted and validated data exchange. The communication interface ensures deterministic, tamper-resistant, and real-time interoperability between distributed components of the battery exchange system, enabling coordination, traceability, and security across all stages of the battery lifecycle within the station infrastructure.
As used herein, the terms “state of charge” and “SoC” are used interchangeably and refer to the quantifiable measure of the remaining electrical energy stored within a battery unit, expressed as a percentage of the total usable capacity, and directly influences the selection and validation processes within the battery unit exchange system. Further, the SOC is integrated as a key parameter in both the energy requirement computation on the vehicle-side control module and the rule-based selection algorithm on the station-side control module. The state of charge informs real-time decisions related to battery unit dispensing and exchange prioritization. The state of charge data is retrieved via embedded battery management systems using voltage-based estimation, coulomb counting, or advanced model-based techniques such as, but not limited to, Kalman filtering, and is transmitted securely along with battery identifiers in encrypted data packets. The state of charge serves as a critical variable in optimizing energy allocation, ensuring vehicle compatibility, and maintaining operational efficiency across the exchange station infrastructure, and supports accurate validation, secure battery matching, and intelligent resource distribution within the system architecture.
As used herein, the term “battery health parameters” refers to a structured set of quantitative and qualitative indicators that represent the operational integrity, aging status, and performance capability of a battery unit over time, directly influencing the decision-making logic within the battery unit exchange system. The battery health parameters are continuously monitored, logged, and transmitted to the vehicle-side and station-side control modules to support energy requirement calculation, compatibility verification, and optimal battery unit selection. Battery health parameters encompass metrics such as, but not limited to, internal resistance, charge retention capacity, depth of discharge history, temperature stability, cycle count, and cell voltage balance, which are extracted from the embedded battery management system via real-time telemetry. The vehicle-side control module dynamically incorporates the battery health parameters with the state of charge to generate an energy requirement value that reflects not only the remaining capacity but also the actual usable energy based on degradation levels. The types of battery health parameters include electrical parameters such as capacity fade rate and resistance rise, thermal parameters such as heat generation rate and thermal runaway susceptibility, and mechanical parameters such as structural deformation indicators in prismatic or pouch cells. Each parameter contributes to a composite health index that supports predictive maintenance, failure prevention, and intelligent inventory rotation within the exchange station.
As used herein, the term “weighted scoring algorithm” refers to a deterministic mathematical framework employed by the station-side control module to rank and prioritize available battery units for dispensing, based on a composite evaluation of battery health parameters and the energy requirement value received from the vehicle-side control module. The algorithm operates by assigning predefined weights to individual battery health indicators such as internal resistance, state of charge, cycle count, charge retention capability, and thermal stability, converting each parameter into a normalized score, and aggregating these scores through a weighted summation process to compute a final health index for each battery unit. Further, the station-side control module executes the weighted scoring algorithm during the identification of the second battery unit, selecting the unit with the optimal score that satisfies the requested energy criteria and ensures compatibility with the insertion slot. The scoring algorithm accounts for both real-time sensor data and historical performance logs, enabling predictive asset management and performance-aware battery unit selection. The types of weighted scoring algorithms include static weight algorithms using fixed weight coefficients based on empirical thresholds, dynamic weight algorithms using adaptive coefficients updated through machine learning models, and context-aware algorithms that modify weight distribution based on environmental, operational, or vehicle-specific conditions.
As used herein, the term “slot availability matrix” refers to a dynamic, system-maintained data structure that maps the real-time occupancy status, operational readiness, and identifier association of each battery slot within the battery unit exchange station. Specifically, the matrix resides within the station-side control module and receives continuous updates from the occupancy sensors integrated into the plurality of battery slots. Each entry in the matrix contains fields representing slot identifiers, occupancy status flags, battery unit identifiers, compatibility attributes, and electromechanical actuator status. The slot availability matrix serves as the primary reference for identifying eligible dispensing and insertion slots during execution of a battery unit exchange request. Upon receiving an exchange request, the station-side control module queries the matrix to determine a vacant insertion slot to receive the first battery unit and a valid dispensing slot holding the identified second battery unit. Slot validation within the matrix ensures non-conflicting, logically consistent slot usage and prevents operational collisions or allocation errors. The types of slot availability matrices include binary occupancy matrices for minimal flag-based slot tracking, extended attribute matrices incorporating compatibility and battery condition metadata, and time-indexed matrices that retain historical slot status transitions for diagnostics or predictive slot allocation. The slot availability matrix ensures deterministic slot selection, supports high-throughput battery unit exchanges, enables autonomous slot management, and enhances system reliability through real-time visibility into station slot resources.
As used herein, the terms “encrypted data packet”, “data packet”, “encrypted packet”, and “data” are used interchangeably and refer to a structured and cryptographically secured digital payload transmitted between the vehicle-side control module and the station-side control module, encapsulating all essential identifiers and validation information required for secure execution of a battery unit exchange operation. Specifically, the data packet contains the first battery unit identifier, the first battery unit slot identifier, the second battery unit identifier, the dispensing slot identifier, and the insertion slot identifier, with each identifier discretely hashed and digitally signed using cryptographic algorithms such as SHA-256 and elliptic curve digital signatures. The packet structure includes header metadata for routing and synchronization, a body section containing hashed payload fields, and a footer segment that carries digital signature tags and integrity verification codes. The encrypted data packet supports secure communication by preventing unauthorized data access, ensuring payload integrity, and validating source authenticity. The station-side control module initiates a cryptographic verification sequence upon packet reception, generating verification hashes and comparing them against reference records stored in a secure ledger to authorize the battery unit exchange. The types of encrypted data packets include symmetric-key encrypted packets using algorithms such as AES for high-speed environments, asymmetric-key encrypted packets using RSA or ECC for public-private key validation, and hybrid packets incorporating session-based encryption with tokenized access control. The encrypted data packet guarantees tamper-proof transmission, enforces protocol-level authentication, and underpins the secure logic infrastructure of the automated battery unit exchange system.
As used herein, the term “cryptographic verification” refers to a computational process executed by the station-side control module to ensure authenticity, integrity, and validity of the identifiers transmitted within the encrypted data packet during a battery unit exchange. Specifically, the process of cryptographic verification involves generating verification hashes by applying a secure hashing algorithm such as SHA-256 to concatenated values of the first battery unit identifier with the first battery unit slot identifier, and the second battery unit identifier with the dispensing slot identifier. The resulting hashes are compared against digitally signed reference records stored in a secure ledger maintained by the station-side control module. The verification confirms that the incoming identifiers have not been altered, originated from authenticated sources, and correspond to valid slot-battery mappings. The verification process incorporates digital signatures using cryptographic schemes such as Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), where private keys sign hashed data and public keys validate signature authenticity. The types of cryptographic verification include hash-based verification for one-way data integrity checks, digital signature verification for non-repudiation and authenticity assurance, and ledger-based verification using blockchain or distributed hash tables for immutable reference validation. Cryptographic verification eliminates the risk of unauthorized battery unit exchanges, safeguards critical control data against tampering, and ensures compliance with secure operational protocols across the exchange station network.
As used herein, the term “hashing algorithm” refers to a deterministic, one-way cryptographic function that transforms input data such as identifiers and slot values into a fixed-length alphanumeric digest, which serves as a unique digital fingerprint of the original data within the battery unit exchange system. Specifically, the station-side control module utilizes a secure hashing algorithm to generate verification hashes by processing concatenated values of the first battery unit identifier with the first battery unit slot identifier and the second battery unit identifier with the dispensing slot identifier. The aforementioned hashes form part of a validation sequence, where generated digests are matched against digitally signed records stored in a secure ledger to ensure data authenticity and integrity. The hashing algorithm enforces immutability by producing significantly different outputs even with minor changes in the input, thereby enabling reliable detection of data tampering. The hash output is computationally irreversible, preventing the reconstruction of original identifiers from the digest. The types of hashing algorithms used in such systems include SHA-256 for high-security applications requiring 256-bit digests, SHA-3 for enhanced resistance against collision and preimage attacks, and BLAKE2 for performance-efficient hashing in resource-constrained control environments. The hashing algorithm supports cryptographic verification processes, strengthens protocol-level data protection, and secures exchange operations against injection, spoofing, or replay threats within the automated battery management framework.
As used herein, the term “first verification hash” refers to a cryptographically derived fixed-length output generated by applying a secure hashing algorithm to a concatenated data pair comprising the first battery unit identifier and the first battery unit slot identifier, serving as a unique digital fingerprint used for validation within the battery unit exchange system. Specifically, the station-side control module computes the hash during the initiation of an exchange request received from the vehicle-side control module. The hashing process employs cryptographic algorithms such as SHA-256 to ensure one-way transformation, high entropy, and resistance to collision and preimage attacks. The generated first verification hash is compared with a corresponding reference hash stored in a secure, digitally signed ledger to authenticate the legitimacy of the incoming identifiers and confirm the integrity of the data. The verification mechanism prevents manipulation or spoofing of control parameters associated with the first battery unit and its physical slot. The types of first verification hashes depend on the structure and encoding of the concatenated data input, including fixed-separator formats for deterministic output, key-derived formats for context-aware security layers, and timestamp-appended formats for replay protection in time-sensitive environments. The first verification hash establishes a cryptographic foundation for secure data exchange, enforces control-level data authenticity, and ensures tamper-proof operation within the automated battery unit validation protocol.
As used herein, the term “first verification hash” refers to a cryptographic digest generated by applying a secure hashing algorithm to a concatenated input comprising the second battery unit identifier and the dispensing slot identifier, functioning as a validation element within the battery exchange authorization protocol. Specifically, the station-side control module computes the hash during processing of the encrypted data packet received from the vehicle-side control module, utilizing hashing functions such as SHA-256 to produce a fixed-length, tamper-evident representation of the original input data. The second verification hash enables secure binding between the selected battery unit for dispensing and its corresponding slot, ensuring integrity of slot-to-unit allocation during exchange operations. The hash output is compared with pre-stored, digitally signed reference records located in a secured ledger, allowing the system to validate authenticity, origin, and unaltered status of the identifiers. The types of second verification hashes include static concatenated hashes for deterministic reference matching, dynamic nonce-appended hashes for session-specific validations, and salt-enhanced hashes for increased entropy and resistance against precomputed attacks. The second verification hash enforces cryptographic integrity, prevents unauthorized substitution of battery units, and supports secure execution of dispensing operations within the station-side control architecture.
As used herein, the terms “ledger”, “database”, and “data” are used interchangeably and refer to a secure, structured, and immutable data repository used by the station-side control module for storing digitally signed reference records associated with battery unit identifiers, slot identifiers, and verification hashes involved in the exchange process. Specifically, the ledger maintains a chronological, tamper-resistant log of authenticated transactions and validation data necessary for cryptographic verification steps during battery unit exchanges. Each entry in the ledger comprises a digitally signed data packet including the first and second verification hashes, battery unit identifiers, slot identifiers, and timestamps, ensuring traceability and non-repudiation of control data. The station-side control module queries the ledger during exchange authorization to retrieve and compare stored verification hashes with freshly generated ones, ensuring that the identifiers received from the vehicle-side control module correspond to valid and unaltered records. The types of ledger implementations include centralized cryptographic ledgers integrated into proprietary control architectures, distributed ledgers leveraging blockchain consensus mechanisms for decentralized trust, and hybrid ledgers combining local signature validation with network-based audit synchronization. The ledger enforces operational transparency, secures the exchange process against replay or spoofing attacks, and establishes a permanent audit trail supporting regulatory compliance and system-level diagnostics within the battery unit exchange framework.
As used herein, the term “compatibility rule set” refers to a structured collection of predefined logical constraints, hardware matching parameters, and software-level policies enforced by the station-side control module to ensure that the second battery unit aligns functionally and physically with the slot configuration originally associated with the first battery unit. Specifically, the rule set incorporates electrical interface specifications, connector types, communication protocol alignment, mechanical dimensions, thermal management requirements, and energy delivery capabilities to prevent incompatibility during the insertion and dispensing processes. The rule set operates as a validation mechanism during the exchange authorization stage, supplementing cryptographic verification with functional matching logic to mitigate operational risks and safeguard system reliability. The compatibility rule set prevents mismatches that could result in suboptimal performance, electrical faults, or mechanical interference, and supports automated filtering of available battery units based on contextual slot and vehicle-side parameters. The types of compatibility rule sets include static rule sets predefined during system configuration, dynamic rule sets updated based on real-time diagnostic feedback or firmware updates, and context-aware rule sets leveraging adaptive algorithms to optimize performance based on current system state, ambient conditions, or usage history. The compatibility rule set enables precise, rule-driven control of battery exchanges, ensuring safe insertion, consistent energy delivery, and long-term system interoperability across diverse battery platforms.
As used herein, the terms “electromechanical actuator”, “actuator”, and “electric actuator” are used interchangeably and refer to a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion for enabling or disabling physical access to a battery slot within the battery unit exchange system. Specifically, the actuator operates as a control-driven component integrated within each battery slot, responsible for executing precise locking or unlocking actions in response to validation signals issued by the station-side control module. Activation occurs only after successful cryptographic verification and compatibility validation of battery unit identifiers and slot assignments, ensuring secure handling and positioning of battery units during insertion or dispensing. The actuator engages mechanical elements such as latches, pins, or sliding mechanisms to physically secure the battery unit in place or release it for transfer. Actuation parameters align with system-level timing, position control algorithms, and real-time feedback from occupancy sensors to synchronize motion with slot readiness. The types of electromechanical actuators include solenoid actuators for linear locking applications, rotary stepper motor actuators for rotational slot engagement, and servo-based actuators for fine-grained control with positional feedback. The electromechanical actuator ensures mechanical enforcement of digital control decisions, prevents unauthorized removal or insertion of battery units, and establishes a reliable hardware interface for secure, automated energy module exchange.
As used herein, the term “control signal” refers to an electrically transmitted command generated by the station-side control module to initiate or regulate the actuation sequence of electromechanical components associated with the battery exchange process. Specifically, the control signal carries precise instructions encoded in voltage levels, current pulses, or digital protocol frames that directly influence the locking or unlocking of the battery slots assigned for insertion or dispensing of battery units. Generation of the control signal occurs only after successful execution of verification stages, including cryptographic hash comparisons, identifier validation, and compatibility rule checks, ensuring operational security and data integrity. The control signal interfaces with the electromechanical actuator embedded within each battery slot, providing the physical enforcement of software-controlled decisions and facilitating timed, coordinated mechanical transitions aligned with slot availability and occupancy sensor feedback. The types of control signals include analog control signals used for continuous actuator positioning, digital control signals using binary states for lock/unlock toggling, and pulse-width modulated signals used for fine-tuned actuation dynamics. The control signal serves as a deterministic trigger for physical slot engagement, eliminates the risk of unauthorized physical intervention, and ensures accurate, responsive, and synchronized mechanical execution within the secure battery unit exchange framework.
As used herein, the terms “electromechanical locking mechanism”, “lock”, and “locking mechanism” are used interchangeably and refer to a physical security interface integrated into each battery slot within the battery unit exchange station, designed to prevent unauthorized access and ensure precise retention or release of battery units based on digital control logic. Specifically, the locking mechanism operates through a combination of electrical actuation and mechanical movement, driven by a control signal issued by the station-side control module following successful cryptographic and compatibility validation. The mechanism engages or disengages a locking element such as a latch, bolt, or cam structure, securing the battery unit in place during vehicle interaction or station-side operations. Activation timing synchronizes with occupancy sensor feedback and control module sequencing to guarantee safe exchange procedures without mechanical interference or slot misalignment. The locking mechanism interfaces directly with an electromechanical actuator, forming a responsive hardware subsystem governed by software-defined exchange protocols. The types of electromechanical locking mechanisms include solenoid-based linear locks offering fast, binary engagement; motor-driven rotary locks enabling torque-based security; and servo-controlled locks providing variable position locking with embedded sensors for positional feedback. The electromechanical locking mechanism establishes a physical enforcement layer for secure battery handling, guarantees structural integrity during high-frequency exchanges, and maintains system safety, reliability, and operational continuity in automated battery unit replacement infrastructures.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, the system comprising:
- a vehicle-side control module configured to:
- initiate an exchange request to the battery unit exchange station to exchange a first battery unit, the exchange request comprising a first battery unit identifier, a first battery unit slot identifier, and an energy requirement value;
- a station-side control module configured to:
- identify a second battery unit to dispense, with a corresponding second battery unit identifier; and
- determine a dispensing slot for the second battery unit with a corresponding dispensing slot identifier and an insertion slot to receive the first battery unit with a corresponding insertion slot identifier;
- a plurality of battery slots at the battery unit exchange station, wherein each battery slot is associated with a unique identifier and comprises at least one occupancy sensor; and
- a communication interface configured to exchange data between the vehicle side control module and the station side control module;
wherein the exchange of the battery units is permitted after successful validation of the first battery unit identifier with the insertion slot identifier, the second battery unit identifier with the dispensing slot identifier, and the first battery unit slot identifier with the second battery unit identifier.
Referring to figure 1, in accordance with an embodiment, there is described a system 100 for secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle 102 and a battery unit exchange station 104. The system comprises a vehicle side control module 106 is configured to initiate an exchange request to the battery unit exchange station 104 to exchange a first battery unit 108, the exchange request comprising a first battery unit identifier 110, a first battery unit slot identifier 112, and an energy requirement value. Further, the system comprises a station side control module 114, a plurality of battery slots 128, and a plurality of battery units. The station side control module 114 is configured to identify a second battery unit 116 to dispense, with a corresponding second battery unit identifier 118. Further, the station side control module 114 is configured to determine a dispensing slot 120 for the second battery unit 116 with a corresponding dispensing slot identifier 122 and an insertion slot 124 to receive the first battery unit 108 with a corresponding insertion slot identifier 126. Further, the system comprises a plurality of battery slots 128 at the battery unit exchange station 104, wherein each battery slot 128 is associated with a unique identifier 130 and comprises at least one occupancy sensor 132. Furthermore, a communication interface is configured to exchange data between the vehicle side control module 106 and the station side control module 114. Additionally, the exchange of the battery units is permitted after successful validation of the first battery unit identifier 110 with the insertion slot identifier 126, the second battery unit identifier 118 with the dispensing slot identifier 122, and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 with the second battery unit identifier 118. Furthermore, each battery slot 128 of the plurality of battery slots 128 comprises an electromechanical actuator 134 operable to lock or unlock the battery slot for insertion or dispensing of a battery unit in response to a control signal.
The system 100 incorporates a station-side control module 114 and a vehicle-side control module 106, structured to execute secure verification and compatibility validation between a first battery unit 108 associated with the vehicle 102 and the second battery unit 116 positioned within the battery unit exchange station 104. Firstly, the vehicle-side control module 106 retrieves the first battery unit identifier 110 from the first battery unit 108 and constructs an encrypted data packet based on a weighted scoring algorithm applied to battery health parameters, such as, but not limited to, charge retention capacity, internal resistance, thermal efficiency, charge-discharge cycle count, and aging profile. Consequently, the vehicle-side control module 106 generates a first verification hash derived from the encrypted data packet via a hashing algorithm. Further, the encrypted data packet is transmitted from the vehicle-side control module 106 to the station-side control module 114 using the communication interface. Simultaneously, the station-side control module 114 executes a cryptographic verification by decrypting the encrypted data packet and extracting the first battery unit identifier 110 and battery health parameters. A second verification hash is generated independently using the same hashing algorithm applied to the received parameters. Furthermore, the comparison of the first verification hash and the second verification hash establishes the authenticity and integrity of the transmitted data. Upon successful cryptographic verification, the station-side control module 114 references a compatibility rule set to evaluate the compatibility of the first battery unit 108 with available second battery units 116. The compatibility rule set incorporates logical conditions, threshold parameters, and score-weighted mappings to determine optimal matching. The station-side control module 114 retrieves a slot availability matrix to identify dispensing slots 120 containing compatible second battery units 116 and selects a second battery unit 116 from a dispensing slot 120 with valid occupancy sensor 130 feedback. Further, the station-side control module 114 initiates actuation of the electromechanical actuator 134 to unlock an electromechanical locking mechanism associated with the selected dispensing slot 120 using a control signal. Upon mechanical disengagement, the second battery unit 116 becomes physically available for retrieval. The above-mentioned validation ensures a verified and compatible energy exchange based on decentralized control, parameter integrity, and deterministic rule-based decision-making. Consequently, the elimination of unauthorized battery replacement, mitigation of operational mismatch, real-time cryptographic validation without reliance on third-party servers, and maximization of second battery unit 116 efficiency by aligning exchange decisions with battery health analytics is achieved. Integration of the vehicle-side control module 106 and the station-side control modules 114 enables autonomous verification and optimized selection within a secure and scalable infrastructure framework.
In an embodiment, the vehicle-side control module 106 is configured to dynamically generate the energy requirement value based on real-time state-of-charge and battery health parameters. The vehicle-side control module 106 may be communicably coupled with each of the first battery unit 108 and the first battery unit slot 136. The vehicle side control module 106 acquires the live telemetry data from the onboard battery management system by monitoring internal metrics including voltage, current, temperature, charge cycles, and degradation indicators. Further, the vehicle side control module 106 executes a multi-parameter assessment pipeline that filters and normalizes battery health attributes. Furthermore, via algorithmic synthesis of the aforementioned inputs, the vehicle side control module 106 generates a comprehensive energy requirement value that adapts to both environmental and operational variability. Moreover, the energy requirement value is embedded within the encrypted request packet and transmitted to the station-side control module for battery selection. The vehicle-side control module 106 ensures precise matching of energy supply to operational demand while minimizing the risk associated with over-provisioning or under-utilization of station-side resources. Additionally, dynamic energy requirement calculation improves the fidelity of exchange planning, reduces energy waste, and enhances the operational life of both vehicle-side and station-side batteries. Consequently, the aforementioned approach presents advantages including reduced charging latency, improved battery fleet management efficiency, enhanced reliability of energy delivery, and superior adaptation to vehicle-specific usage patterns.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 comprises a rule-based engine configured to select the second battery unit 116 by comparing the energy requirement value with the available battery units based on state-of-charge threshold conditions. The station-side control module 114 receives the encrypted data packet, parses the packet, extracts the requirement, and initiates a lookup across the battery inventory. Simultaneously, each stored battery unit is associated with data including the current state of charge, operational readiness status, and identifier. Further, the rule-based engine executes a deterministic matching process by filtering battery units that exceed a predefined minimum threshold and then ranks them based on proximity to the required energy value. Furthermore, the station-side control module 114 employs conditional logic defined by a static or adaptive ruleset, including but not limited to minimum and maximum values of state-of-charge bounds, prioritization based on station utilization history, and temporal constraints such as but not limited to cooling intervals or reserve margins. The rule-based engine iteratively applies each rule in a cascading hierarchy to refine the candidate pool, avoiding units in a cooldown state or units designated for other reserved exchanges. A final selection step evaluates the remaining battery units and selects the optimal battery unit that minimizes variance from the requested energy requirement. Consequently, the rule-based engine provides a deterministic, scalable, and context-aware battery unit selection without reliance on probabilistic models. Further, the rule-based engine ensures consistent performance under varied load conditions, thus avoiding bottlenecks caused by real-time computational delays, and supports predictable energy delivery. Furthermore, the utilization of a rule-based engine provides advantages, including optimized battery resource allocation, improved exchange throughput, minimized energy mismatch, and seamless integration of multiple policy objectives such as performance balancing and degradation management. Additionally, the rule-based mechanism enables high-speed decision-making within the station-side control module 114, reducing latency and reinforcing service continuity in high-demand environments.
In an embodiment, the identification of the second battery unit 116 is prioritized via a weighted scoring algorithm derived on a battery health vector. The weighted scoring algorithm extracts the energy requirement value from the exchange request, followed by identification of candidate battery units that meet preliminary eligibility criteria such as minimum state of charge and slot availability. Further, each battery unit is associated with a battery health vector comprising parameters, including but not limited to charge retention capacity, internal resistance, thermal efficiency, charge-discharge cycle count, and aging profile. The weighted scoring algorithm further processes the battery health vector using pre-assigned weight factors that represent the relative impact of each parameter on performance and reliability. Additionally, the weighted scoring algorithm is executed by computing a composite score for each eligible battery unit through a summation of weighted parameter values. Further, the scores are normalized to ensure uniformity across battery types and configurations. Furthermore, the engine categorizes the battery units in descending order of scores and selects the highest-scoring battery unit that additionally aligns with operational constraints, including insertion slot 124 compatibility and cooldown readiness. Consequently, the weighted scoring algorithm ensures optimized battery selection based on long-term performance metrics. The system avoids selection of batteries with hidden degradation, thereby reducing failure risks and enhancing energy reliability. The weighted scoring algorithm is advantageous and therefore includes predictive health management, extended operational lifetime of battery inventory, and enhanced user experience due to reduced incidents of underperformance or unplanned maintenance.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 is configured to determine the dispensing slot 120 and the insertion slot 124 by querying a real-time slot availability matrix dynamically updated via data received from the least one occupancy sensor 130. The station-side control module 114 initiates processing upon receiving a request for battery exchange, prompting an instantaneous query to the slot availability matrix. Each battery unit slot 128 is associated with at least one occupancy sensor 130 that transmits binary or analog data representing the current occupancy state. Further, the slot availability matrix structure maintains updated records of the status of each battery slot 128, including at least one of occupancy, vacancy, cooling, or maintenance of the battery slot 128. The station-side control module 114 parses the slot availability matrix to identify the optimal dispensing slot 120 for the second battery unit 116 and a corresponding insertion slot 124 prepared to receive the first battery unit 108. Further, the station-side control module 114 processes sensor data through continuous polling or event-triggered updates to ensure the slot availability matrix remains synchronized with the physical state of the battery unit exchange station 104. Furthermore, the station side control module 114 allocates an available dispensing slot 120 with the dispensing slot identifier 122 containing the selected second battery unit 116 having the second battery unit identifier 118 and the insertion slot 124 having an insertion slot identifier 126 capable of accepting the returning first battery unit 108. The dispensing slot identifier 122 and the insertion slot identifier 128 are tagged to the cryptographically packaged exchange data for further verification and control signal generation. Additionally, the slot availability matrix and at least one occupancy sensor 130 ensure seamless synchronization between digital slot representation and physical slot occupancy, thereby enabling reliable and efficient exchange operations. Further, advantages of the aforementioned include minimization of slot misallocations, prevention of mechanical collision events, and optimized station-level throughput. The real-time slot availability matrix promotes operational flexibility, supports high-volume transactions, and reduces exchange latency by preemptively filtering invalid slot states. The dynamic interaction between the occupancy sensors 130 and the station-side control module 114 enhances automation reliability and reduces dependence on manual oversight, contributing to a scalable and robust battery exchange infrastructure.
In an embodiment, the exchange data is structured as an encrypted data packet comprising the first battery unit identifier 110, the first battery unit slot identifier 112, the second battery unit identifier 118, the dispensing slot identifier 122, and the insertion slot identifier 126, wherein each identifier is discretely hashed and digitally signed. The encrypted data packet comprises transaction elements including the first battery unit identifier 110, the first battery unit slot identifier 112, the second battery unit identifier 118, the dispensing slot identifier 122, and the insertion slot identifier 126. Each identifier undergoes a discrete hashing and is digitally signed before encapsulation within the encrypted data packet. Further, the encryption process uses symmetric or asymmetric cryptographic standards to transform the structured data into a format unreadable to unauthorized entities. Furthermore, the digital signatures of the encrypted data packet authenticate the source and provide a tamper-evident layer by allowing the receiving control module 106, 114 to verify any modification occurrence post-transmission. Moreover, a secure hashing algorithm processes each of the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot 112 separately to produce a hashed representation, followed by the application of a digital signature using a private key associated with a trusted certificate authority. The resulting hashed and signed data is embedded within a single encrypted data packet. The station side control module 114 performs a sequence of cryptographic verifications to validate the authenticity and integrity of each identifier by comparing decrypted values against expected formats and reference values. Consequently, any mismatch or signature failure triggers a security protocol, thereby blocking the exchange process to prevent unauthorized intervention or fraudulent activity. Further, using an encrypted data packet with discretely hashed and digitally signed identifiers ensures end-to-end transactional security, preserves identifier confidentiality, and enforces data integrity. The station-side control module 114 eliminates risks associated with identifier spoofing, unauthorized slot manipulation, and tampering during communication. Furthermore, advantages include reduced vulnerability to man-in-the-middle attacks, complete traceability of each battery exchange instance, and compliance with secure communication standards in automotive and energy systems. The architecture supports scalability across the vehicles 102 and the battery unit exchange station 104 by ensuring consistent encryption protocols and validation mechanisms.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 is configured to initiate the validation comprising a cryptographic verification step, wherein the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 are hashed using a hashing algorithm to generate a first verification hash. The first verification hash results from hashing the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 using a secure hashing algorithm. Further, the hashing algorithm executes a deterministic transformation, producing a fixed-length output unique to the input data combination. Furthermore, the station-side control module 114 receives the encrypted data packet, extracts the relevant identifiers, and performs the hash generation using the same algorithm specified during the packet creation on the vehicle-side control module 106. The aforementioned process ensures that only valid, unaltered identifiers yield a hash matching in the expected format or reference stored securely within the battery unit exchange station 104. After decryption and signature validation, the station-side control module 114 isolates the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 from the decrypted payload. The aforementioned inputs are concatenated in a predefined sequence and are passed through a cryptographic hash function such as SHA-256 or an equivalent algorithm. The system compares the generated hash against a reference hash stored in the ledger or obtained through a secure lookup to verify the legitimacy of the exchange request. Consequently, a match authenticates the identity and origin of the battery-slot combination, while any discrepancy flags the transaction as invalid or potentially malicious. The technical effect achieved through the aforementioned method lies in the high-integrity, tamper-evident validation of critical identifiers during a battery exchange transaction. Further, the hash-based verification ensures that any unauthorized changes to the first battery unit identifier 110 or the first battery unit slot identifier 112 render the generated hash unmatchable with the stored reference, thereby preventing fraudulent or inconsistent exchanges. Furthermore, advantages of the first verification hash include lightweight computation with high-security assurance, compatibility with real-time processing requirements, and immunity to reverse-engineering due to the one-way nature of the hashing algorithm. The aforementioned mechanism enhances trust between the vehicle and the station, strengthens operational accountability, and supports scalable deployment across large battery exchange networks.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 is configured to generate a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier 118 and the dispensing slot identifier 122 using the hashing algorithm. The hashing operation applies the same secure hashing algorithm used in the generation of the first verification hash, ensuring consistency and interoperability within the cryptographic framework. Upon selection of the second battery unit 116 based on energy requirements and system rules, the station-side control module 114 extracts the second battery unit identifier 118 and determines the dispensing slot 120 from the slot availability matrix. Further, both the second battery unit identifier 118 and the dispensing slot identifier 122 are structurally formatted into a predefined concatenation schema and input into the cryptographic hashing function to produce the second verification hash. The second verification hash uniquely represents the integrity of the second battery unit 116 and the dispensing slot 120, forming the second part of the authentication mechanism. Furthermore, upon initiation of the hashing, the station side control module 114 retrieves the second battery unit identifier 118 from the storage database and matches the second battery unit identifier 118 with an available dispensing slot 120 using the real-time updated slot availability matrix. Both data points are combined into a structured string and passed through a hashing function, such as, but not limited to SHA-3 or SHA-256. Consequently, the resulting hash output, referred to as the second verification hash, is stored temporarily in the station side control module’s 114 secure memory and prepared for comparison against a signed ledger entry or used in subsequent validation steps. The second verification hash establishes an immutable verification layer that secures the dispensing operation. Further, the hash construction process guarantees input immutability and authentication integrity by ensuring that only authorized combinations of battery units and slots are permitted for dispatch. The advantages of the second verification hash include a reduction in error-prone slot mapping, prevention of mismatched or unauthorized battery exchanges, and cryptographic traceability of each dispatched second battery unit 116. Furthermore, by integrating the hash algorithm into a broader verification protocol, the station side control module 114 enforces end-to-end validation with minimal computational overhead while maintaining high operational throughput and ensuring secure physical resource allocation.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 is configured to compare the first verification hash and the second verification hash with a digitally signed reference record stored in a ledger of the station-side control module 114. The ledger maintains cryptographically signed records of authorized hash pairs generated from valid combinations of battery unit identifiers 110, 118, and slot identifiers 112, 122, 126. Currently, each record within the ledger is signed using a private key held by a trusted entity and verified using a corresponding public key. Upon receiving and computing the first and second verification hashes, the station-side control module 114 initiates a lookup operation to fetch the reference hash records. The stored hashes act as authoritative standards for validating whether the current battery exchange operation aligns with an approved transaction configuration. Upon initiation of comparison, the station-side control module 114 sends a query to the ledger interface to retrieve stored reference hashes corresponding to valid operational states. Upon retrieval, the station side control module 114 compares the newly computed hashes against the hashes retrieved from the ledger using a byte-level exact match. Simultaneously, the cryptographic signature of the ledger entry undergoes public key verification to ensure data origin authenticity and to confirm that the record has not been altered since its registration. Consequently, a positive match for both hashes with verified signatures validates the legitimacy of the battery exchange, with any deviation resulting in rejection of the transaction and triggering of exception handling protocols. Further, the comparison of the verification hashes ensures verifiable trust, non-repudiation, and complete auditability in battery exchange operations. Furthermore, by anchoring verification hashes within a digitally signed ledger, the system 100 eliminates reliance on transient or modifiable data and prevents spoofing or tampering with identifiers. The advantages include secure synchronization across multiple station endpoints, traceable proof of transaction legitimacy, and real-time validation without compromising data integrity. Additionally, the aforementioned mechanism supports scalable deployment in high-density battery swap infrastructures while maintaining uniformity of cryptographic validation standards across all nodes, enhancing system resilience and operational confidence.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 is further configured to verify the compatibility of the second battery unit 116 with the first battery unit slot identifier 112 via a predefined compatibility rule set. The compatibility rule set comprises parameters such as, but not limited to, physical interface conformity, electrical specifications, communication protocol matching, battery health thresholds, and vehicle model requirements. The station-side control module 114 references the rule set after selecting the second battery unit 116 and before triggering the dispensing operation. The station-side control module 114 performs a real-time evaluation of the second battery unit’s 116 data against each parameter in the rule set, rejecting any battery unit that fails to satisfy even one condition. The aforementioned validation phase ensures operational safety, reliability, and functional interoperability between the first battery unit 108 and the vehicle 102. The technique of validation is initiated by retrieving the compatibility rule set from a local configuration database or from a remotely synchronized cloud rule engine. Each rule corresponds to a parameter associated with mechanical fitment, connector type, voltage class, current handling capacity, supported communication stacks, and validated firmware identifiers. The station-side control module 114 parses the aforementioned parameters and cross-references them against the attributes of the selected second battery unit 118. Logical comparison operations determine if all compatibility criteria are satisfied. In case the validation succeeds, the control signal triggers the electromechanical actuator 134 to unlock the corresponding dispensing slot 120. Further, in case validation fails, the station side control module 114 selects an alternative unit or flags an incompatibility error, ensuring strict adherence to operational protocols. The advantages of the verification include prevention of deployment errors, optimization of lifecycle management through targeted compatibility enforcement, and assurance of seamless integration between exchanged components. The rule set mechanism operates autonomously and rapidly, supporting high-throughput exchange operations and maintaining safety and standardization across diverse battery and vehicle types. The structured compatibility enforcement enhances service reliability, reduces manual intervention, and promotes scalable deployment of intelligent battery swap infrastructures.
In an embodiment, each battery slot 128 of the plurality of battery slots 128 comprises an electromechanical actuator 134 operable to lock or unlock the battery slot 128 for insertion or dispensing of a battery unit in response to a control signal. The control signal activates the electromechanical actuator 134 associated with the dispensing slot 120 assigned to the validated second battery unit 120. The control signal includes command parameters such as slot identifier, actuation duration, voltage level, signal polarity, and safety override flags. The station-side control module 114 initiates the signal only after confirming that the second verification hash matches the ledger entry and that the compatibility rule set returns a pass. The control signal is formatted using a standardized protocol to ensure deterministic behavior across varying actuator types. The technique of operation is initiated by compiling verification outcomes and compatibility results into a status packet within the station-side control module 114. Upon positive validation, the module generates a digital control command with embedded actuation logic specific to the identified dispensing slot 120. The command undergoes signal integrity checks and encryption, where required, before being transmitted via a dedicated communication channel to the actuator 134 interface. Upon receipt, the actuator driver interprets the control logic and applies the required electrical input to the actuator terminals, initiating mechanical unlocking or motor-driven ejection of the second battery unit 116. The arrangement continuously monitors actuator feedback signals to confirm successful actuation and completion of the dispensing event. The actuator enables the establishment of a secure, deterministic, and condition-dependent actuation system that physically releases only validated and compatible battery units. Advantages of the actuator include elimination of unauthorized dispensing, improved operational accuracy, and reduced mechanical faults due to synchronized control. The control signal structure supports fail-safe design integration, allowing immediate override or actuation cancellation based on real-time sensor feedback. The precise actuation methodology reinforces the security and integrity of the battery exchange process, enhances user trust, and supports high-volume deployment within intelligent and autonomous battery swapping stations.
In an embodiment, the station-side control module 114 is configured to generate a control signal to actuate the electromechanical locking mechanism of the dispensing slot 120 and enable the insertion slot 124 to receive the first battery unit 108 after successful verification of the first and second verification hashes. The locking mechanism comprises a combination of mechanical latches, solenoids, and feedback sensors arranged to prevent unverified physical removal or insertion of battery units. Upon receipt of the control signal from the station-side control module 114, the electromechanical actuator 134 engages the locking mechanism to transition between locked and unlocked states. The mechanical configuration ensures precise engagement with slot-side fixtures or battery-side interfaces to guarantee physical retention during idle and charging states, and clean release during approved dispensing operations. The method involves continuous monitoring of lock status through integrated sensors that communicate positional and electrical feedback to the station-side control module 114. During an idle state, the locking mechanism remains in a default locked position to secure the inserted battery unit. Upon verification of compatibility and validation of cryptographic hashes, the station side control module 114 triggers the actuator 134 to energize the solenoid or drive a motor, thereby retracting the mechanical latch or rotating a cam to release the second battery unit 116. The mechanism incorporates torque limiters, limit switches, or load sensors to detect actuation anomalies and confirm whether full disengagement or engagement has occurred. Any irregularity results in automatic reversal or alarm generation to maintain system integrity. The locking mechanism provides the enhancement of physical security, prevention of unauthorized exchanges, and protection of both the battery unit exchange station 104 and battery hardware from misuse or accidental removal. The advantages of the locking mechanism include tamper resistance, accurate mechanical alignment, and reduced wear through controlled actuation cycles. The integration of mechanical interlocks with electronic control ensures precise coordination between logical verification and physical dispensing, supporting robustness and longevity of the battery exchange system. The mechanism's reliability under high-cycle operations allows scalability and consistent performance across a wide range of environmental and operational conditions.
In accordance with a second aspect, there is described a method of secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle and a battery unit exchange station, the method comprising:
- receiving, at a station-side control module, an exchange request from a vehicle, the request comprising a first battery unit identifier, a first battery unit slot identifier, and an energy requirement value;
- identifying a second battery unit based on the energy requirement value, the second battery unit associated with a second battery unit identifier, via a station-side control module;
- generating a first verification hash by hashing the first battery unit identifier and the first battery unit slot identifier using a secure hashing algorithm, via the station-side control module;
- generating a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier and a dispensing slot identifier using the secure hashing algorithm, via the station-side control module; and
- permitting the exchange of the battery units only upon successful comparison of the verification hashes with digitally signed reference records stored in a ledger.
Figure 2 describes a method 200 of secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle 102 and a battery unit exchange station 104. The method 200 starts at a step 202. At the step 202, the method 200 comprises receiving, at a station-side control module 114, an exchange request from the vehicle 102, the request comprising a first battery unit identifier 110, a first battery unit slot identifier 122, and an energy requirement value. At a step 204, the method 200 comprises selecting a second battery unit 116 based on the energy requirement value, the second battery unit 116 associated with a second battery unit identifier 118. At a step 206, the method 200 comprises generating a first verification hash by hashing the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 using a secure hashing algorithm. At a step 208, the method 200 comprises generating a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier 118 and a dispensing slot identifier 122 using the same secure hashing algorithm. At a step 210, the method 200 comprises authorizing the exchange of the first battery unit 108 with the second battery unit 116 only upon successful comparison of the verification hashes with digitally signed reference records stored in a ledger.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises dynamically generating the energy requirement value based on real-time state-of-charge and battery health parameters, via the vehicle-side control module 106.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises selecting the second battery unit 116 by comparing the energy requirement value with the available battery units based on state of charge threshold conditions, via a rule-based engine.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises identifying the second battery unit 116 as prioritized via a weighted scoring algorithm derived from a battery health vector.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises determining the dispensing slot 120 and the insertion slot 124 by querying a real-time slot availability matrix dynamically updated via data received from the least one occupancy sensor 132, via the station-side control module 114.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises initiating the validation comprising a cryptographic verification step, wherein the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 are hashed using a hashing algorithm to generate a first verification hash, via the station-side control module 114.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises comparing the first verification hash and the second verification hash with a digitally signed reference record stored in a ledger of the station-side control module 114, via the station-side control module 114.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises verifying the compatibility of the second battery unit 116 with the first battery unit slot identifier 110 via a predefined compatibility rule set, via the station-side control module 114.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises generating a control signal to actuate the electromechanical locking mechanism of the dispensing slot 120 and enable the insertion slot 124 to receive the first battery unit 108 after successful verification of the first and second verification hashes, via the station-side control module 114.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises receiving, at a station-side control module 114, an exchange request from the vehicle 102, the request comprising a first battery unit identifier 110, a first battery unit slot identifier 122, and an energy requirement value. Further, the method 200 comprises dynamically generating the energy requirement value based on real-time state-of-charge and battery health parameters, via the vehicle-side control module 106. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises selecting a second battery unit 116 based on the energy requirement value, the second battery unit 116 associated with a second battery unit identifier 118. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises selecting the second battery unit 116 by comparing the energy requirement value with the available battery units based on state of charge threshold conditions, via a rule-based engine. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises identifying the second battery unit 116 as prioritized via a weighted scoring algorithm derived from a battery health vector. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises determining the dispensing slot 120 and the insertion slot 124 by querying a real-time slot availability matrix dynamically updated via data received from the least one occupancy sensor 132, via the station-side control module 114. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises initiating the validation comprising a cryptographic verification step, wherein the first battery unit identifier 110 and the first battery unit slot identifier 112 are hashed using a hashing algorithm to generate a first verification hash, via the station-side control module 114. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises generating a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier 118 and a dispensing slot identifier 122 using the same secure hashing algorithm. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises comparing the first verification hash and the second verification hash with a digitally signed reference record stored in a ledger of the station-side control module 114, via the station-side control module 114. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises verifying the compatibility of the second battery unit 116 with the first battery unit slot identifier 110 via a predefined compatibility rule set, via the station-side control module 114. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises generating a control signal to actuate the electromechanical locking mechanism of the dispensing slot 120 and enable the insertion slot 124 to receive the first battery unit 108 after successful verification of the first and second verification hashes, via the station-side control module 114. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises authorizing the exchange of the first battery unit 108 with the second battery unit 116 only upon successful comparison of the verification hashes with digitally signed reference records stored in a ledger.
The present disclosure presents various advantages, including allowing the user to exchange a depleted battery pack for a charged one, which eliminates the time used for recharging of the vehicle, thereby allowing the vehicle to operate for an extended duration. Further, the plurality of battery slots in the battery unit exchange station allows the user to select a battery befitting the requirements. Moreover, the occupancy sensor allows the battery unit exchange station and the user to understand the current battery status and the corresponding parameters, which aids the system in making an adequate choice of the battery pack based on the energy requirement value.
It would be appreciated that all the explanations and embodiments of the system 100 also apply mutatis-mutandis to the method 200.
In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms “disposed,” “mounted,” and “connected” are to be construed broadly, and may, for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, either mechanically or electrically. They may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Modifications to embodiments and combinations of different embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, and “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural where appropriate.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings, and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system (100) for secure exchange of battery units between an electric vehicle (102) and a battery unit exchange station (104), the system comprising:
- a vehicle-side control module (106) configured to:
- initiate an exchange request to the battery unit exchange station (104) to exchange a first battery unit (108), the exchange request comprising a first battery unit identifier (110), a first battery unit slot identifier (112), and an energy requirement value;
- a station-side control module (114) configured to:
- identify a second battery unit (116) to dispense, with a corresponding second battery unit identifier (118); and
- determine a dispensing slot (120) for the second battery unit (116) with a corresponding dispensing slot identifier (122) and an insertion slot (124) to receive the first battery unit (108) with a corresponding insertion slot identifier (126);
- a plurality of battery slots (128) at the battery unit exchange station (104), wherein each battery slot (128) is associated with a unique identifier (130) and comprises at least one occupancy sensor (132); and
- a communication interface configured to exchange data between the vehicle side control module (106) and the station side control module (114);
wherein the exchange of the first battery unit (108) with the second battery unit (116) is permitted after successful validation of the first battery unit identifier (110) with the insertion slot identifier (126), the second battery unit identifier (118) with the dispensing slot identifier (122), and the first battery unit slot identifier (112) with the second battery unit identifier (118).

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle-side control module (106) is configured to dynamically generate the energy requirement value based on real-time state-of-charge and battery health parameters.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the station-side control module (114) comprises a rule-based engine configured to select the second battery unit (116) by comparing the energy requirement value with the available battery units based on state of charge threshold conditions.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the identification of the second battery unit (116) is prioritized via a weighted scoring algorithm derived from a battery health vector.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the station-side control module (114) is configured to determine the dispensing slot (120) and the insertion slot (124) by querying a real-time slot availability matrix dynamically updated via data received from the least one occupancy sensor (132).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exchange data is structured as an encrypted data packet comprising the first battery unit identifier (110), the first battery unit slot identifier (112), the second battery unit identifier (118), the dispensing slot identifier (122) and the insertion slot identifier (126), wherein each identifier is discretely hashed and digitally signed.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the station-side control module (114) is configured to initiate the validation comprising a cryptographic verification step, wherein the first battery unit identifier (110) and the first battery unit slot identifier (112) are hashed using a hashing algorithm to generate a first verification hash.

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the station-side control module (114) is configured to generate a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier (118) and the dispensing slot identifier (122) using the hashing algorithm.

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the station-side control module (114) is configured to compare the first verification hash and the second verification hash with a digitally signed reference record stored in a ledger of the station-side control module (114).

10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the station-side control module (114) is further configured to verify the compatibility of the second battery unit (116) with the first battery unit slot identifier (110) via a predefined compatibility rule set.

11. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each battery slot (128) of the plurality of battery slots (128) comprises an electromechanical actuator (134) operable to lock or unlock the battery slot for insertion or dispensing of a battery unit in response to a control signal.

12. The system (100) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the station-side control module (114) is configured to generate a control signal to actuate the electromechanical locking mechanism of the dispensing slot (120) and enable the insertion slot (124) to receive the first battery unit (108) after successful verification of the first and second verification hashes.

13. A method (200) of secure exchange of battery units between a vehicle (102) and a battery unit exchange station (104), the method (200) comprising:
- receiving, at a station-side control module (114), an exchange request from the vehicle (102), the request comprising a first battery unit identifier (110), a first battery unit slot identifier (122), and an energy requirement value;
- identifying a second battery unit (116) based on the energy requirement value, the second battery unit (116) associated with a second battery unit identifier (118), via a station-side control module (114);
- generating a first verification hash by hashing the first battery unit identifier (110) and the first battery unit slot identifier (112) using a secure hashing algorithm, via the station-side control module (114);
- generating a second verification hash by hashing the second battery unit identifier (118) and a dispensing slot identifier (122) using the same secure hashing algorithm, via the station-side control module (114); and
- permitting the exchange of the first battery unit (108) with the second battery unit (116) only upon successful comparison of the verification hashes with digitally signed reference records stored in a ledger.