DESC:FAULT DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEM FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202421077974 filed on 15/10/2024, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to a battery management system. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to system(s) and method(s) for fault diagnostic of the battery management system.
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the use of rechargeable battery systems has significantly increased across various applications, including electric mobility, renewable energy storage, and industrial electronics. To ensure safe and efficient operation, advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) have become integral components for monitoring and controlling battery parameters. These systems enhance performance, prolong battery life, and prevent hazardous conditions through real-time diagnostics and protection strategies.
Generally, for system(s) powered by rechargeable energy storage units, such as lithium-ion, and lead acid battery packs, it is often essential to monitor the voltage characteristics of the battery in real time to ensure safe and reliable operation. The monitoring of battery packs is particularly important in applications where the battery management system (BMS) plays a critical role in fault detection, operational control, and system protection. The voltage collection and diagnostic functions of the BMS are crucial to determining not only the health and performance of individual cells or modules, but also the operational integrity of the BMS itself. Conventionally, the fault diagnosis processes are generally initiated during the system's power-on sequence, during which the BMS evaluates its own operational status and the battery's condition. If no fault is detected, a normal operational signal is communicated to a system controller typically through a communication bus such as CAN (Controller Area Network) to enable standard operation. Conversely, if a fault is detected, the system generates an alarm, displays a fault code through a digital interface, and restricts further operation to prevent damage, thereby aiding in maintenance and repair procedures. However, existing voltage monitoring and diagnostic strategies are often limited in scope. Many do not incorporate a comprehensive diagnostic approach that spans the full operational cycle of the system, including power-on, steady-state operation, and power-off stages. Moreover, conventional systems often lack detailed diagnosis strategies tailored to different operational states and working modes. The critical features such as fault memory retention, fault recovery logic, and dynamic response mechanisms under varying load or environmental conditions are either insufficient or entirely absent. As a result, such systems may exhibit reduced diagnostic accuracy, delayed fault response, and compromised safety performance.
Therefore, there exists a need for an improved solution for fault diagnostics that overcomes the one or more problems associated as set forth above.
SUMMARY
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (BMS).
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for fault diagnostics of a battery management system and associated components.
In accordance with first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (BMS). The system comprises a plurality of sensors and a processor. The plurality of sensors are configured to measure parameters indicative of fault conditions in the BMS and associated components. The processor is configured to analyze the measured parameters to detect one or more fault conditions and implement safety measures in response to the detected fault conditions.
The present disclosure provides the system for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (BMS). Advantageously, the system provides a comprehensive and intelligent fault diagnostic solution for battery management systems capable of continuously monitoring battery conditions, and thus offering significant benefits in terms of safety, reliability, and operational efficiency. Beneficially, the system enables early detection of a wide range of fault conditions, including hardware failures, sensor malfunctions, and thermal anomalies. Furthermore, the system enhances the overall integrity by continuously verifying the functionality of the BMS, thereby reducing the risk of undetected internal faults. Moreover, the system analyzes the sensor data and autonomously implement safety measures such as disconnecting the battery, limiting power, or alerting the user ensures the rapid response to hazardous conditions, thereby minimizes the damage and downtime. Overall, the system provides a robust, adaptable, and fail-safe approach to battery monitoring that is applicable across various industries relying on rechargeable energy systems.
In accordance with second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for fault diagnostics of a battery management system and associated components. The method comprises monitoring a plurality of parameters associated with the battery management system and associated components analyzing the monitored parameters and implementing safety measures based on the analyzed parameters.
Additional aspects, advantages, features and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments constructed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow.
It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for fault diagnostics of a battery management system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method for fault diagnostics of a battery management system and associated components, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognise that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present disclosure are also possible.
The description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of certain embodiments of a system and method for fault diagnostics of a battery management system and is not intended to represent the only forms that may be developed or utilised. The description sets forth the various structures and/or functions in connection with the illustrated embodiments; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.
The terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprising”, “include(s)”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, system that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or system. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus preceded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or apparatus.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail.
As used herein, the term “fault diagnostics” refers to the process of detecting, identifying, and analyzing abnormal conditions or malfunctions within a system or the associated components, based on monitored operational parameters. In a battery management system (BMS), fault diagnostics involves monitoring electrical, thermal, and functional parameters using sensors and control logic to determine the presence, type, and severity of a fault, and to facilitate appropriate responses for system protection and maintenance.
As used herein, the terms “battery management system” and “BMS” are used interchangeably and refer to an electronic control system configured to monitor, manage, and control the operation of a battery pack. The BMS is adapted to measure key battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC), and to perform functions including cell balancing, fault detection, data logging, and the implementation of safety protocols. The BMS may further include hardware and software components for real-time analysis, protection against over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, over-temperature, and other abnormal conditions, and communication interfaces for interaction with external controllers or systems.
As used herein, the terms “plurality of sensors” and “sensors” are used interchangeably and refer to two or more sensors that are configured to detect and/or measure one or more physical, electrical, or environmental parameters associated with the operation of a battery management system or the associated components. The plurality of sensors may include, but is not limited to, voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, and other diagnostic or functional sensors. The sensors may operate independently or in coordination, and may be distributed across different parts of the system to collectively monitor various conditions for fault detection, performance analysis, or safety control.
As used herein, the terms “plurality of parameters” and “parameters” are used interchangeably and refer to two or more distinct measurable variables or characteristics associated with a system, component, or process. The parameters may include, but are not limited to, electrical parameters (such as voltage, current, resistance), thermal parameters (such as temperature or temperature gradient), timing or duration metrics, physical or environmental variables (such as pressure or humidity), and diagnostic indicators. The plurality of parameters may be used individually or collectively to monitor, control, evaluate performance, or detect fault conditions in the system.
As used herein, the terms “fault conditions”, and “detected fault conditions” are used interchangeably and refer to abnormal, undesirable, or potentially hazardous operating states or events detected within a battery management system (BMS) or associated components, which may adversely affect the performance, safety, or reliability of the system. The fault conditions may include, but are not limited to, electrical anomalies (such as over-voltage, under-voltage, short circuit, and over-current), thermal irregularities (such as over-temperature, under-temperature, and thermal runaway), sensor failures, communication errors, and hardware malfunctions. The detection and response to such fault conditions are critical to prevent damage to the battery, protect surrounding systems, and ensure continued safe operation.
As used herein, the term “associated components” refers to one or more electrical, electronic, or mechanical elements that are functionally or operatively connected to, interact with, or support the operation of the battery management system (BMS). The associated components may include, but are not limited to, battery cells or modules, power supply units, contactors, relays, sensors, communication interfaces, thermal management units, protection circuits, and control units that cooperate with or are monitored by the BMS during operation.
As used herein, the terms “processor”, “processing unit”, “control unit”, and “controller” are used interchangeably and refer to any suitable computational unit or electronic circuitry configured to execute instructions, process data, and perform logic-based operations. The processor may include, but is not limited to, a microcontroller, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. The processor may be configured to operate independently or in conjunction with other hardware or software components, and may include associated memory, communication interfaces, and input/output modules as required for executing specific control, diagnostic, or computational tasks within the system.
As used herein, the term “safety measures” refers to one or more control actions, responses, or protective operations executed by a system, component, or processor to prevent, mitigate, or respond to potentially hazardous or abnormal operating conditions. The safety measures may include, but are not limited to, disconnecting a power source or load, reducing or limiting power output, activating thermal or electrical protection circuits, initiating alarms or fault indicators, isolating faulty components, initiating controlled shutdown sequences, and logging fault data for diagnostic or maintenance purposes. The safety measures may be implemented automatically or semi-automatically based on real-time monitoring and evaluation of system parameters.
As used herein, the term “voltage sensors” refers to electronic sensing components or circuits configured to measure the electrical potential difference between two points in a battery system or associated electrical circuitry. The voltage sensors are connected to the processor and the individual battery cells, battery modules, cell arrays, and/or battery pack terminal. The voltage sensors are capable of detecting and outputting voltage values in real-time and are operatively connected to a processing unit for monitoring, analysis, and fault diagnosis. The voltage sensors may be configured to detect various voltage-related conditions including, but not limited to, over-voltage, under-voltage, deep discharge, and variations in cell voltage (delta cell voltage), and may function at the cell, module, or pack level.
As used herein, the term “over voltage” refers to a condition in which the voltage level of a battery cell, module, or pack exceeds a predefined upper threshold beyond the rated operating range. Such a condition typically arises during charging or system malfunction and may lead to degradation of battery components, reduced lifespan, thermal instability, or potential safety hazards. In the battery management systems, over voltage detection is critical for initiating protective actions, such as disconnecting the charging source or activating fault alerts, to prevent damage and ensure safe operation.
As used herein, the term “under voltage” refers to a condition in which the voltage level of a battery cell, battery module, or overall battery pack falls below a predefined threshold value required for safe and optimal operation. This condition may indicate excessive discharge, imbalance among cells, or potential failure within the battery system, and may trigger diagnostic alerts or protective measures to prevent damage to the battery or associated electrical components.
As used herein, the term “deep discharge” refers to a condition where the voltage of a battery cell or pack drops below a predefined lower threshold level, typically beyond the recommended depth of discharge specified by the manufacturer. The deep discharge state may cause irreversible damage to the battery’s chemistry, reduces the capacity, and significantly shorten the operational life. The detection of the deep discharge is critical for implementing protective actions to prevent degradation, ensure safe operation, and maintain the overall health of the battery system.
As used herein, the term “delta cell voltage” refers to the voltage difference between individual cells within a battery pack. The delta cell voltage is an indicator of cell voltage imbalance and is used to assess the uniformity of charging and discharging behavior across the cells. In the battery management system (BMS), the delta cell voltage is monitored to detect deviations beyond a predefined threshold, which may indicate potential faults such as cell degradation, overcharging, or unequal cell performance. The accurate detection of delta cell voltage assists in implementing balancing strategies and maintaining the overall safety, efficiency, and longevity of the battery pack.
As used herein, the term “current sensors” refers to electronic sensing components or devices configured to detect, measure, and monitor the electric current flowing through a conductor or circuit within a system. The current sensors are connected to the processor and the battery output terminal. The current sensors may operate based on various principles, including but not limited to Hall-effect sensing, shunt resistor measurement, or magneto-resistive sensing, and are capable of providing real-time current data in analog or digital form. The measured current data is utilized for monitoring operational conditions, identifying abnormal current levels, and facilitating control or protection functions within the system.
As used herein, the term “charging over-current” refers to a fault condition in which the current flowing into a rechargeable battery during the charging process exceeds a predefined safe threshold value. This condition may arise due to malfunctioning charging equipment, control circuit failure, or abnormal system behavior, potentially leading to overheating, cell degradation, or safety hazards. Detection of charging over-current is essential for initiating protective actions, such as interrupting the charging process, disconnecting the power supply, or activating fault indicators, to prevent damage to the battery system and ensure operational safety.
As used herein, the term “discharging over current” refers to a condition in which the current drawn from the battery during discharge exceeds a predefined threshold level that is considered safe for the battery's operation. The discharging over current condition may arise due to excessive load demand, short circuit, or system malfunction, and may results in overheating, degradation of battery cells, or permanent damage to the battery system. In the battery management system (BMS), discharging over-current is detected by current sensors and triggers protective measures such as disconnecting the load, issuing warnings, or shutting down the system to prevent safety hazards and ensure the longevity of the battery.
As used herein, the term “short circuit detection” refers to the process of identifying an abnormal electrical condition in which a low-resistance connection is unintentionally formed between two points of differing potential within an electrical circuit, resulting in excessive current flow. In the battery management system (BMS), the short circuit detection involves monitoring the current flow and electrical characteristics within the battery circuit using sensors or control logic to identify sudden and significant increases in current beyond predefined thresholds, indicative of a short circuit. Upon detection, the system may trigger protective responses, such as disconnecting the battery or disabling power output, to prevent damage to the battery, associated circuitry, or connected equipment.
As used herein, the term “pump over current” refers to a fault condition in which the electrical current drawn by an electric pump such as a coolant pump, oil pump, or any auxiliary pump associated with the battery thermal management system or power electronics cooling system exceeds a predefined safe threshold. The pump over current condition may arise due to pump motor failure, blockage in the fluid pathway, increased mechanical resistance, or electrical short circuits. The detection of the pump over-current is critical to prevent component damage, overheating, or system inefficiencies and may trigger protective actions such as pump shutdown, fault logging, or system isolation.
As used herein, the terms “pre-charge peak current failure”, “peak current failure”, and “pre-charge current failure” are used interchangeably and refer to a fault condition that occurs when the current flowing through a pre-charge circuit exceeds a predefined threshold during the initial power-up phase of a high-voltage battery system. During pre-charge, a resistor or controlled path is used to gradually charge the input capacitance of the downstream power electronics to prevent sudden inrush current. The pre-charge peak current failure is detected when the peak current surpasses the safe operating limit, indicating a malfunction such as a shorted contactor, failed pre-charge resistor, or an unexpected load condition, which may compromise system safety or damage components.
As used herein, the term “temperature sensors” refers to the sensing elements or devices configured to detect, measure, and monitor the thermal conditions of one or more components within the system. The temperature sensors generate output signals indicative of temperature values, which may be used for real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and control. The temperature sensors may include, but are not limited to, thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, semiconductor-based temperature sensors, or any other electronic or electromechanical devices capable of sensing temperature variations with respect to predefined thresholds or ranges. Such sensors may be positioned at various locations including but not limited to battery cells, power electronics, or structural components, and may support wired or wireless communication interfaces for data transmission to a control unit or processor.
As used herein, the term “charging over-temperature” refers to a condition in which the temperature of a battery or any of the components exceeds a predefined safe threshold during the charging process. The charging over temperature condition typically arises due to factors such as high ambient temperature, excessive charging current, thermal runaway, or malfunctioning thermal management systems. In the battery management system (BMS), the detection of a charging over-temperature condition triggers protective actions such as terminating or limiting the charging process to prevent degradation, thermal damage, or hazardous events such as fire or explosion.
As used herein, the term “discharging over-temperature” refers to a fault condition wherein the temperature of the battery or the associated components exceeds a predefined upper threshold during the discharge process. The condition typically indicates excessive heat generation due to high current draw, internal resistance, or environmental factors, which may compromise battery performance, accelerate degradation, or pose a safety risk. The detection of discharging over-temperature enables the system to implement protective actions, such as current limiting or system shutdown, to prevent thermal damage and ensure safe operation.
As used herein, the term “charging under-temperature” refers to a fault condition in which the temperature of the battery or one or more of the cells falls below a predefined lower threshold during a charging operation. While charging the battery at temperatures below this threshold can result in reduced charge acceptance, lithium plating, or irreversible damage to the battery cells. The condition is typically detected by temperature sensors associated with the battery management system (BMS), which monitors the temperature in real time and triggers appropriate protective responses such as suspending the charging process when the charging under-temperature threshold is breached.
As used herein, the term “discharging under-temperature” refers to a fault condition in which the temperature of a battery or one or more of its cells falls below a predefined lower threshold during the discharge process. While operating the battery at temperatures below the threshold may lead to decreased performance, reduced discharge capacity, lithium plating, or irreversible damage to the battery chemistry. In the battery management system (BMS), discharging under-temperature is detected using temperature sensors, and appropriate protective actions may be initiated such as limiting or halting discharge to prevent degradation or unsafe operating conditions.
As used herein, the term “delta cell temperature” refers to the temperature difference between two or more battery cells or modules within the battery pack. The delta cell temperature parameter is indicative of thermal imbalance among the cells, which may result from variations in the internal resistance, cooling efficiency, cell degradation, or localized faults. The monitoring of the delta cell temperature helps in identifying abnormal heating conditions, enabling preventive measures to avoid thermal runaway, uneven aging, or performance degradation. The delta cell temperature is defined as a diagnostic parameter representing the maximum differential value between temperature readings of individual cells or groups of cells in the battery system.
As used herein, the term “FET over-temperature” refers to a fault condition in which the temperature of a Field-Effect Transistor (FET) used within the battery management system or power control circuitry exceeds a predefined thermal threshold beyond which the device's performance, reliability, or safety may be compromised. The FET over-temperature condition typically arises due to excessive current flow, inadequate cooling, or sustained high-power operation, and may lead to thermal degradation, switching inefficiencies, or permanent damage to the FET component. While detecting the FET over-temperature is essential for initiating protective measures to prevent thermal runaway, component failure, or system malfunction.
As used herein, the term “resistor over-temperature” refers to a fault condition in which the temperature of a resistor component within the battery management system or associated circuitry exceeds a predefined safe operating threshold. The condition may arise due to excessive current flow, prolonged power dissipation, inadequate cooling, or component degradation, and may lead to thermal damage, reduced system performance, or failure of the resistor and surrounding components. The detection of the resistor over-temperature is typically achieved through integrated or proximate temperature sensing elements configured to monitor the thermal state of the resistor in real time.
As used herein, the term “MOSFET temperature sensor failure” refers to a fault condition in which the temperature sensor associated with a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) fails to provide accurate or valid temperature readings due to sensor malfunction, disconnection, calibration error, or communication fault. The failure may lead to undetected thermal stress on the MOSFET, potentially resulting in overheating, degradation, or damage of the component. The detection of this fault condition is critical for maintaining thermal protection, ensuring the safe operation of the power electronics, and preventing cascading failures in the battery management system or associated circuitry.
As used herein, the term “battery thermal runaway” refers to a condition in which a battery cell undergoes an uncontrollable and self-sustaining increase in temperature, typically initiated by internal or external factors such as overcharging, internal short circuits, mechanical damage, or excessive ambient heat. The rapid temperature rise may lead to the decomposition of cell materials, release of flammable gases, and potential ignition or explosion. The thermal runaway poses significant safety risks and may propagate to adjacent cells, resulting in cascading failures within the battery pack.
As used herein, the term “temperature sensing failure” refers to the process of detecting, measuring, and monitoring the thermal state of a component, system, or environment using one or more temperature sensors. In the BMS, the temperature sensing is carried out by dedicated sensors configured to generate electrical signals representative of the temperature at specific locations, such as battery cells, power electronics, or system enclosures. The signals are processed to determine whether the sensed temperature values fall within predefined operational thresholds, enabling real-time thermal management, fault detection, and protective actions to ensure system safety and reliability.
As used herein, the term “voltage sensing failure” refers to a condition in which the voltage sensing circuitry or components of the system are unable to accurately measure, transmit, or process the voltage values of one or more battery cells or modules. The failure may arise due to sensor malfunction, communication errors, wiring faults (such as open wire conditions), signal degradation, calibration errors, or hardware faults in the sensing or data acquisition components. The voltage sensing failure may result in incorrect voltage data being supplied to the control system, leading to improper battery diagnostics, false fault detections, or failure to detect actual faults, thereby compromising the safety and performance of the overall system.
As used herein, the term “current sensing failure” refers to a malfunction or inaccuracy in the detection, measurement, or transmission of electrical current values within a system due to faults in the current sensing circuitry or components. The failure may include, but is not limited to, open circuit conditions in the current sensing path, short circuits, sensor drift, offset errors, signal noise interference, or complete loss of signal from the current sensor. Such failures can lead to incorrect current readings, thereby affecting the system’s ability to monitor and control current flow accurately, potentially resulting in unsafe operating conditions or improper fault diagnostics.
As used herein, the term “power supply failure” refers to a condition in which the electrical power source that provides operational energy to the battery management system (BMS) or the associated components becomes unavailable, insufficient, or unstable. The failure may result from voltage dropouts, current interruptions, regulator malfunctions, disconnection of power lines, or internal circuit faults, leading to partial or complete disruption of the BMS's ability to monitor, control, or protect the battery system. Such a failure may compromise the system safety and reliability, necessitating immediate fault detection and protective response.
As used herein, the term “open wire fault” refers to a condition in which an electrical connection between a sensor and the associated monitoring or control circuitry is interrupted or broken, resulting in a loss of signal transmission. In the battery management system (BMS), the open wire fault typically occurs in the voltage sensing lines connected to individual battery cells, wherein a disconnection or break in the wiring prevents accurate voltage measurement. The fault condition may compromise the reliability of battery diagnostics and protection functions, and may pose safety risks if not promptly detected and addressed.
As used herein, the term “pre-charge time out” refers to a condition in which the pre-charge process of an electrical system exceeds a predefined time threshold without successfully completing. During the initial power-up of high-voltage systems, a pre-charge circuit is employed to gradually charge the input capacitors of the power electronics to prevent inrush current. The pre-charge time out fault is triggered when the voltage across the capacitors does not reach the expected level within the allowable time window, indicating potential issues such as a faulty pre-charge resistor, relay failure, or excessive load capacitance. The condition is indicative of an abnormal pre-charge event and is used as a diagnostic criterion for implementing safety measures.
As used herein, the term “self-diagnostic module” refers to an electronic unit or functional component configured to automatically evaluate the operational status and integrity of a system or its subcomponents without requiring external intervention. The self-diagnostic module is designed to initiate, perform, and analyze a series of diagnostic tests or checks to detect faults, malfunctions, calibration errors, or performance deviations within the system such as in sensors, control circuits, communication links, or power supply units. Based on the outcomes of the diagnostics, the self-diagnostic module may generate fault codes, status indicators, or alerts, and may further initiate predefined corrective actions or safety responses to ensure system reliability and continued safe operation.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (BMS), wherein the system comprises:
- a plurality of sensors configured to measure parameters indicative of fault conditions in the BMS and associated components;
- a processor configured to:
- analyze the measured parameters to detect one or more fault conditions; and
- implement safety measures in response to the detected fault conditions.
Figure 1, in accordance with an embodiment describes a system 100 for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (BMS) 102. The system 100 comprises a plurality of sensors 104 and a processor 106. The plurality of sensors 104 comprises a voltage sensors 104a, the current sensors 104b, and the temperature sensors 104c. The plurality of sensors 104 are configured to measure parameters indicative of fault conditions in the BMS 102 and associated components. The processor 106 is configured to analyze the measured parameters to detect one or more fault conditions and implement safety measures in response to the detected fault conditions. Further, the system 100 comprises a self-diagnostic module 108 configured to conduct tests to verify the proper functioning of the BMS 102.
In an embodiment, the voltage sensors 104a may be configured to determine the fault conditions including, but not limited to, over voltage, under voltage, deep discharge, and delta cell voltage. The voltage sensors 104a are connected to the processor 106 and associated battery cells or modules to continuously monitor voltage-related parameters. The over-voltage conditions are detected when the voltage of one or more cells exceeds a predefined upper threshold, which may lead to thermal stress, reduced battery life, or safety hazards such as thermal runaway. Further, the under-voltage condition may be detected when the voltage drops below a lower threshold, indicating excessive discharge, which may result in capacity loss or irreversible damage to the battery chemistry. Furthermore, the deep discharge detection enables the protection against voltage levels that go significantly below the safe limit, preventing the degradation of battery performance. Moreover, the delta cell voltage monitoring involves comparing the voltage differences between individual cells, the excessive deviation may indicate imbalance, internal cell resistance issues, or early cell failure. Beneficially, the integration of such voltage sensors 104a enables the real-time monitoring and accurate fault detection, ensuring that any abnormal voltage condition may be promptly identified. The real-time monitoring of the voltage sensors 104a allows the processor 106 to initiate timely safety responses such as disconnecting the affected cells, activating warning indicators, or engaging balancing mechanisms. As a result, the system 100 improves the battery life, prevents hazardous conditions, enhances the reliability of the BMS 102, and ensures safer operation of systems reliant on battery power.
In an embodiment, the current sensors 104b may be configured to determine the fault conditions including charging over-current, discharging over-current, short circuit detection, pump over current, and pre-charge peak current failure. The current sensors 104b are connected to the processor 106 and configured to monitor real-time current flow within the system 100. The current sensors 104b are able to precisely measure the current levels during both charging and discharging operations. Further, the current sensors 104b are configured to detect the variety of fault conditions that may compromise the safety or functionality of the system 100. Specifically, the current sensors 104b are capable of identifying the charging over-current conditions, which may occur if the charging current exceeds the specified limits, thereby preventing the cell degradation or thermal incidents. Similarly, the discharging over-current detection ensures that the battery may not delivering current beyond safe operational thresholds, thereby protecting connected loads and circuit components. Furthermore, the system 100 enables short circuit detection, which may be critical for identifying sudden, excessive current flows due to unintended direct connections between terminals. The rapid identification and response to such faults help to avoid catastrophic damage or fire. Moreover, the current sensors 104b also monitors the pump over-current, typically relevant in systems where auxiliary electric pumps (e.g., for thermal management) are used which detects the anomalies in pump current ensures that supporting subsystems are functioning correctly. Moreover, the current sensors 104b may be configured to detect pre-charge peak current failure, where an abnormal surge during the initial connection of the battery to the load may indicate the malfunctioning pre-charge circuit or the inrush current beyond acceptable limits. Beneficially, the use of current sensors 104b enhances the overall diagnostic capabilities of the BMS 102 by ensuring comprehensive current monitoring across various operational states. The ability to detect multiple fault conditions via the dedicated set of current sensors 104b improves the responsiveness of the system 100 to abnormal events and contributes to real-time protection, reduced risk of thermal or electrical damage, and extended battery life. Also, the current sensors 104b ensures the safe operation under varying load conditions and supports predictive maintenance by enabling early identification of abnormal current trends or component failures.
In an embodiment, the temperature sensors 104c may be configured to determine the fault conditions including charging over-temperature, discharging over-temperature, charging under-temperature, discharging under-temperature, delta cell temperature, FET over-temperature, resistor over-temperature, MOSFET temperature sensor failure, and battery thermal runaway. The temperature sensors 104c are connected coupled to the processor 102 and associated components. The temperature sensors 104c may be strategically positioned to the monitor critical temperature points across various elements of the BMS 102. The temperature sensors 104c are able to detect the range of fault conditions that may compromise the battery safety and performance. Further, the fault condition including the charging under-temperature and discharging under-temperature are indicative of the conditions where the battery operation occurs below optimal thermal thresholds, and subsequently leading to reduced efficiency or irreversible damage. Furthermore, the delta cell temperature is indicative of uneven heating across multiple cells, often a precursor to localized failure or imbalance. Moreover, the FET over-temperature and resistor over-temperature are indicative of the excessive heat generation in control and balancing circuitry components. Moreover, detection of the MOSFET temperature sensor failure ensures safe operation of the power electronics components, such as, switching components. Thus, preventing cascading failures in the BMS 102 and/or associated circuitry. Additionally, the battery thermal runaway is a critical and hazardous condition characterized by an uncontrollable rise in temperature that may lead to fire or explosion. Beneficially, the use of temperature sensors 106c ensure continuous and granular monitoring of thermal behavior within the system 100. The continuous monitoring enhances the ability of the BMS 102 to proactively detects the thermal faults before the faults escalate into severe system failures. Further, by isolating the specific components, in abovementioned fault conditions, thermal monitoring, the system 100 improves the fault localization, enables targeted safety responses, and reduces false positives. Furthermore, the detection of temperature gradients supports the early-stage anomaly identification, such as internal short circuits or defective cells.
In an embodiment, the plurality of temperature sensors 104c may be strategically positioned within the battery pack to enable accurate thermal monitoring and fault detection. The temperature sensors 104c may be placed in direct contact with selected battery cells, particularly those located near the centre of the battery pack or within thermally critical zones, where heat accumulation is most likely to occur during charge and discharge cycles. Further, the temperature sensors 104c may be positioned between the adjacent cells to capture the average thermal condition of cell clusters and to detect any localized overheating or thermal imbalance. Furthermore, the temperature sensors 104c may be positioned near the heat-generating components such as MOSFETs, current-limiting resistors, and power connectors.
In an embodiment, the plurality of sensors 104 may be configured to detect the fault conditions including temperature sensing failure, voltage sensing failure, current sensing failure, power supply failure, open wire fault, and pre-charge time out. The plurality of sensors 104 are deployed and configured to detect the range of fault conditions that may compromise the safe and reliable operation of the BMS 102 and the associated battery systems. The sensors 104 include the temperature sensors 104a, the voltage sensors 104b, and the current sensors 104c that are capable of measuring the standard operating parameters and identifying sensor-level failures and electrical anomalies. For instance, the system 100 is configured to detect the temperature sensing failure, arising due to sensor disconnection, signal degradation, or calibration drift. By identifying such failure, the system 100 ensures that temperature-dependent safety processing do not include false or missing data, to determine any of the fault condition. Similarly, the voltage sensing failure and current sensing failure detection help to prevent inaccurate readings that leads to improper fault diagnosis or the overlooking of critical events like over-voltage or over-current conditions. Further, the system 100 also detects power supply failure, ensuring operation of the BMS 102 with a stable and adequate power source. Furthermore, the power supply failure may cause erratic behavior or complete malfunction of monitoring and protection circuits, and early detection of the power supply failure helps to initiate safe shutdown or alert mechanisms. Moreover, the open wire fault detection allows the system 100 to recognize the broken or disconnected sensor lines, often seen in harsh operational environments, ensuring that the data transmission remains intact and trustworthy. Additionally, the system 100 may be capable of detecting pre-charge time-out, a condition where the pre-charge process fails to complete within a specified time. Beneficially, by proactively identifying the sensor and system-level faults, the system 100 ensures that the input data, received from the plurality of sensors 104, required for proper functionality of diagnostic and protection mechanisms is reliable. The detection of reliable sensor data reduces the risk of undetected failures, improves system safety, supports preventive maintenance, and minimizes unexpected downtime.
In an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a self-diagnostic module 108 configured to conduct tests to verify the proper functioning of the BMS 102. The self-diagnostic module 108 is integrated within the system 100 and operates by executing a series of diagnostic routines during predefined conditions, such as during power-on, idle state, or periodic intervals in operation. The diagnostic routines may include, but not limited to, internal circuit checks, validation of sensor outputs such as voltage sensors 104a, current sensors 104b, and temperature sensors 104c connected with the BMS 102. The self-diagnostic module 108 may simulate fault scenarios or use threshold-based analysis to determine deviation of any component from expected behavior, such as sensor drift, disconnection, logic failure and so forth. Further, upon detecting an anomaly, the self-diagnostic module 108 may be configured to generate a diagnostic code, log the fault, and optionally transmit an alert to the processor 106 or operator interface. Beneficially, the inclusion of the self-diagnostic module 108 enhances the robustness and reliability of the BMS 102 by enabling early detection of latent or intermittent faults that may otherwise go unnoticed until system failure. Furthermore, the self-diagnostic module 108 reduces the dependence on manual inspection or external testing tools, thereby improving system autonomy and reducing maintenance effort. Moreover, the self-diagnostic module 108 ensures continued safety, of the system 100, by preventing operation under undetected degraded conditions, thereby contributing to the overall fault tolerance and longevity of the system 100.
In an embodiment, the processor 106 may be configured to implement safety measures including one or more of: disconnecting a battery from an electrical system, reducing power output, alerting an operator, and logging the fault condition. The processor 106, upon detecting the overvoltage or thermal runaway condition, based on the data received from the plurality of sensors 104, may command a relay or a solid-state switch of a battery module to disconnect the battery from the load or charging circuit to prevent potential damage or hazards. In situations where immediate disconnection is not required, the processor 106 may reduce the power output to operate within safe limits, thereby protecting components while maintaining partial functionality. Simultaneously, the processor 106 may trigger a visual or auditory alert to notify the operator of the fault condition. Further, the processor 106 may be able to record the fault type, timestamp, and associated sensor readings in a memory unit for later retrieval and analysis by maintenance personnel. Beneficially, the implementation of such safety measures enhances the safety of the system 100 by preventing catastrophic failure events such as thermal runaway, short circuit damage, or electrical fires. Furthermore, the implementation improves the diagnostic accuracy by enabling fault traceability through comprehensive data logging. Moreover, the ability to take adaptive responses by the system 100, such as controlled power reduction rather than complete shutdown, contributes to the robustness and reliability of the system 100. Additionally, the operator alerts facilitates the real-time human intervention allowing timely corrective actions, thereby reducing the downtime of the system 100, and long-term degradation of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, the processor 106 may be configured to implement the one or more safety measures when the BMS 102 is in operation. During active operation, the processor 106 continuously receives the input from the plurality of sensors 104, and monitors various parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, signal integrity, and so forth. Further, upon detecting the fault condition such as the overvoltage, overcurrent, thermal runaway, or sensor malfunction, the processor 106 evaluates the severity and nature of the fault and accordingly initiates one or more predefined safety actions. The safety measures may include, but not limited to, disconnecting the battery from the load or charger, reducing power output, limiting charge/discharge rates, generating warning signals for the operator, storing the fault data in memory for post-event analysis, and so forth. Beneficially, the fault diagnostics system 100 ensures that the BMS 102 remains actively protective throughout the operational state, rather than performing diagnostics only during system startup or shutdown phases. As a result, the BMS 102 enhances the real-time responsiveness of the system 100 to dynamic fault conditions thus improving the overall safety and longevity of the battery and minimizes the risk of catastrophic failure or system downtime. Furthermore, the processor 106 supports the continuous system monitoring, automated protection, and adaptive fault response, making the system 100 valuable in safety-critical applications where uninterrupted fault management is essential.
In an embodiment, the system 100 for fault diagnostics of the BMS 102 comprises the plurality of sensors 104 and the processor 106. The BMS 102, when in operation, the processor 106 is configured to analyze the parameters measured by the plurality of sensors 104 to detect one or more fault conditions and also implements the corresponding safety measures. The operations of the BMS 102 may include, but not limited to, charging, discharging, idle, and transitional phases (e.g., startup or shutdown). The plurality of sensors 104 include the voltage sensors 104a, the current sensors 104b, and the temperature sensors 104c, and are configured to continuously monitor the real-time data indicative of battery health, load conditions, environmental parameters, and so forth. Further, the processor 106 receives the data during live operation and evaluates the data using diagnostic algorithms to detect anomalies such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, thermal runaway, sensor failure, communication loss, and so forth. Subsequently, upon detection of such fault conditions during the active operation of the BMS 102, the processor 106 immediately initiates one or more safety measures. The safety measures may include, but not limited to, isolating the battery from the system 100 by triggering relays or contactors, reducing output power to prevent thermal escalation, enabling fault indication through a user interface or digital signal, and storing the fault event in a non-volatile memory for post-diagnostic analysis. Beneficially, by enabling the fault detection and safety response during active operation of the BMS 102, the system 100 provides continuous protection throughout all functional modes, rather than relying solely on static diagnostics during boot-up or shut down. Furthermore, the quick implementation of the safety measures reduces the risk of damage to battery cells, thermal events, or hazardous failures, thereby ensuring the safety for the system 100 and the users. Moreover, the faults may be detected and addressed proactively during live operation, thus minimizing the performance degradation, unplanned downtime, or service interruptions.
In an exemplary embodiment, the fault diagnostic system 100 is implemented within an electric vehicle (EV) to monitor and manage the battery management system 102 during various stages of vehicle operation, including charging, ignition, acceleration, cruising, regenerative braking, and shutdown. When the vehicle is in operation, the processor 106 receives and processes the sensor data in real time and transmits the processed data to the system 100. The system 100, in an event of detection of abnormal parameters such as overvoltage during regenerative braking, overcurrent during sudden acceleration, under-temperature during cold starts, or thermal runaway during prolonged load conditions, initiates immediate safety measures, corresponding to the abnormality detected. The safety measures may include, but not limited to, disconnecting the battery pack via contactors, reducing the allowable torque output by limiting current flow to the motor controller, triggering dashboard warning indicators for the driver, and logging diagnostic codes for service technicians. For example, in an event of deep discharge of battery pack of the electric vehicle due to prolonged driving without adequate state-of-charge monitoring or prolonged non-operation of the electric vehicle, the processor 106 may initiate a controlled shutdown or execute a predefined mode, to prevent irreversible battery damage. Similarly, in case of detection of temperature differential across battery cells beyond a defined threshold during fast charging, the system 100 may activate the thermal management units and/or halt charging. Beneficially, the real-time diagnostics and immediate fault response protects the vehicle, passengers, and surrounding components from electrical or thermal hazards. Moreover, the fault codes and detailed diagnostic data enable rapid and targeted maintenance, thereby reduces the troubleshooting time and improves the serviceability. Also, by preventing over-discharge, thermal stress, or current surges, the system 100 extends the life cycle of the battery pack and improves the long-term efficiency of the powertrain.
In an exemplary embodiment, the system 100 for fault diagnostics of the battery management system 102 is implemented in a stationary Energy Storage System (ESS) used in conjunction with a power plant for grid support and backup power. The ESS may be charged utilizing conventional and/or renewable energy sources. In an application, the ESS comprises multiple battery packs connected in a series-parallel configuration to store and discharge energy based on real-time demand and generation fluctuations. The fault diagnostic system 100 comprises the plurality of sensors 104 integrated within each battery module of the ESS. The plurality of sensors 104 include the voltage sensors 104a for monitoring cell voltages and pack voltages, the current sensors 104b for detecting charge/discharge rates, and the temperature sensors 104c for tracking thermal behavior across the modules and ambient conditions. The sensors 104 constantly feed data to the processor 106 that may be configured to detect the fault conditions such as cell imbalance, thermal gradients, high charging current during solar peak hours, battery overheating during prolonged discharge, or system anomalies like open wire faults or sensing failures. In a condition, the ESS is in operation either charging or discharging to the grid or backup load, the processor 106 performs real-time diagnostics and, upon detecting the fault, the system 100 implements safety measures such as isolating the faulty module from the system 100 via electronic switches, limiting charge/discharge current through the inverter interface, triggering alarms to notify plant operators through SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, logging the fault data with time-stamped diagnostic codes for later analysis, maintenance planning, and so forth. Beneficially, the system 100 enables the early detection and isolation of the faults in large-scale, multi-module ESS installations, thereby preventing the fault propagation. Further, the continuous monitoring of fault conditions and smart diagnostics during active operation of the ESS significantly reduces the stress on battery cells, thereby enhances the battery longevity and reducing maintenance frequency. Furthermore, the autonomous safety mechanism ensures the potential hazards such as thermal runaway, overvoltage, and so forth. subsequently, addressing the potential hazards without human supervision is critical in remote or unmanned solar and wind farms.
The present disclosure provides the system 100 for fault diagnostic of the battery management system 102. The system 100 as disclosed by present disclosure is advantageous in terms of the capability of continuously monitoring the battery conditions, thereby enhances the safety, reliability, and operational efficiency of battery-powered systems. Beneficially, by incorporating the plurality of sensors 104 including, but not limited to, the voltage sensors 104a, the current sensors 104b, and the temperature sensors 104c, the system 100 enables comprehensive real-time monitoring of critical parameters across all operating conditions. Further, the use of the plurality of sensors 104 allows for early and accurate detection of the wide range of fault conditions such as overvoltage, short circuit, thermal runaway, and sensor malfunctions, thereby preventing catastrophic failures. Advantageously, the processor 106 helps to analyze the fault conditions with high precision. Moreover, the processor 106 autonomously implement the appropriate safety measures during the actual operation of the BMS 102. Moreover, the real-time response capability of the system 100 significantly reduces the reaction time to faults, thereby enhances the battery pack protection, and minimizes the downtime. Moreover, the integration of the self-diagnostic module 108 ensures the continuous health monitoring of the BMS 102,thereby allowing the proactive maintenance of the battery pack and reducing the likelihood of undetected internal failures. Moreover, the system 100 supports fault logging and alert mechanisms contributing to traceability, post-failure analysis, and predictive maintenance of the battery pack. Overall, the system 100 delivers a robust, fail-safe, and scalable solution that is suitable for diverse applications beyond mobility, such as stationary energy storage, industrial automation, renewable energy systems, and so forth.
In an embodiment, The system 100 for fault diagnostics of the battery management system (BMS) 102. The system 100 comprises the plurality of sensors 104 and the processor 106. The plurality of sensors 104 configured to measure parameters indicative of fault conditions in the BMS 102 and associated components. The processor 106 is configured to analyze the measured parameters to detect one or more fault conditions and implement safety measures in response to the detected fault conditions. Further, the plurality of sensors 104 include voltage sensors 104a. The voltage sensors 104a are configured to determine the fault conditions including over voltage, under voltage, deep discharge, and delta cell voltage. Furthermore, the plurality of sensors 104 include the current sensors 104b. The current sensors 104b are configured to determine the fault conditions including charging over-current, discharging over-current, short circuit detection, pump over current, and pre-charge peak current failure. Moreover, the plurality of sensors 104 include the temperature sensors 104c. The temperature sensors 104c are configured to determine the fault conditions including charging over-temperature, discharging over-temperature, charging under-temperature, discharging under-temperature, delta cell temperature, FET over-temperature, resistor over-temperature, MOSFET temperature sensor failure, and battery thermal runaway. Moreover, the plurality of sensors 104 are configured to detect the fault conditions including temperature sensing failure, voltage sensing failure, current sensing failure, power supply failure, open wire fault, and pre-charge time out. Moreover, the system 100 comprises the self-diagnostic module 108 configured to conduct tests to verify the proper functioning of the BMS 102. Moreover, the processor 106 is configured to implement safety measures including one or more of disconnecting the battery from the electrical system, reducing power output, alerting the operator, and logging the fault condition. Moreover, the processor 106 is configured to implement the one or more safety measures when the BMS 102 is in operation.
Figure 2, describes a method 200 for fault diagnostics of a battery management system 102 and associated components. The method 200 starts at step 202 and completes at 206. At step 202, the method 200 comprises monitoring a plurality of parameters associated with the battery management system 102 and associated components. At step 204, the method 200 comprises analysing the monitored parameters. At step 206, the method 200 comprises implementing safety measures based on the analysed parameters.
In an embodiment, the plurality of parameters include voltage parameters, and the fault conditions detected include over voltage, under voltage, deep discharge, and delta cell voltage.
In an embodiment, the plurality of parameters include current parameters, and the fault conditions detected include charging over-current, discharging over-current, short circuit detection, pump over current, and pre-charge peak current failure.
In an embodiment, the plurality of parameters include temperature parameters, and the fault conditions detected include charging over-temperature, discharging over-temperature, charging under-temperature, discharging under-temperature, delta cell temperature, FET over-temperature, resistor over-temperature, MOSFET temperature sensor failure, and battery thermal runaway.
In an embodiment, the plurality of parameters include sensor and component parameters, and the fault conditions detected include temperature sensing failure, voltage sensing failure, current sensing failure, power supply failure, open wire fault, and pre-charge time out.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises conducting self-diagnostic module 108 to verify the proper functioning of the battery management system 102.
In an embodiment, implementing safety measures include one or more of disconnecting the battery from the electrical system, reducing power output, alerting the operator, and logging the fault condition.
It would be appreciated that all the explanations and embodiments of the portable device 100 also applies mutatis-mutandis to the method 200.
In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms “disposed,” “mounted,” and “connected” are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, either mechanically or electrically. They may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Modifications to embodiments and combination of different embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non- exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural where appropriate.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system (100) for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (BMS) (102), wherein the system (100) comprises:
- a plurality of sensors (104) configured to measure parameters indicative of fault conditions in the BMS (102) and associated components;
- a processor (106) configured to:
- analyze the measured parameters to detect one or more fault conditions; and
- implement safety measures in response to the detected fault conditions.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors (104) include voltage sensors (104a), and wherein the voltage sensors (104a) are configured to determine the fault conditions including over voltage, under voltage, deep discharge, and delta cell voltage.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors (104) include current sensors (104b), and wherein the current sensors (104b) are configured to determine the fault conditions including charging over-current, discharging over-current, short circuit detection, pump over current, and pre-charge peak current failure.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors (104) include temperature sensors (104c), and wherein the temperature sensors (104c) are configured to determine the fault conditions including charging over-temperature, discharging over-temperature, charging under-temperature, discharging under-temperature, delta cell temperature, FET over-temperature, resistor over-temperature, MOSFET temperature sensor failure, and battery thermal runaway.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors (104) are configured to detect the fault conditions including temperature sensing failure, voltage sensing failure, current sensing failure, power supply failure, open wire fault, and pre-charge time out.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises a self-diagnostic module (108) configured to conduct tests to verify the proper functioning of the BMS (102).
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor (106) is configured to implement safety measures including one or more of: disconnecting a battery from an electrical system, reducing power output, alerting an operator, and logging the fault condition.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor (106) is configured to implement the one or more safety measures when the BMS (102) is in operation.
9. A method (200) for fault diagnostics of a battery management system (102) and associated components, the method (200) comprises:
- monitoring a plurality of parameters associated with the battery management system (102) and associated components;
- analysing the monitored parameters; and
- implementing safety measures based on the analysed parameters.
10. The method (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of parameters includes voltage parameters, and the fault conditions detected include over voltage, under voltage, deep discharge, and delta cell voltage.
11. The method (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of parameters includes current parameters, and the fault conditions detected include charging over-current, discharging over-current, short circuit detection, pump over current, and pre-charge peak current failure.
12. The method (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of parameters includes temperature parameters, and the fault conditions detected include charging over-temperature, discharging over-temperature, charging under-temperature, discharging under-temperature, delta cell temperature, FET over-temperature, resistor over-temperature, MOSFET temperature sensor failure, and battery thermal runaway.
13. The method (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of parameters includes sensor and component parameters, and the fault conditions detected include temperature sensing failure, voltage sensing failure, current sensing failure, power supply failure, open wire fault, and pre-charge time out.
14. The method (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method (200) comprises conducting self-diagnostic module (108) to verify the proper functioning of the battery management system (102).
15. The method (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein implementing safety measures include one or more of: disconnecting the battery from the electrical system, reducing power output, alerting the operator, and logging the fault condition.