DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION: [0001] The present invention relates to an IoT-based integrated system designed for sustainable urban agriculture, green infrastructure, and landscape architecture. It specifically addresses the challenges of global climate change and the environmental impact of traditional roofing materials, such as concrete, which contribute to heat retention and urban heat islands. The invention incorporates a green roofing system that is monitored and managed using IoT technology, effectively reducing indoor temperatures by 13-17°C. This system enhances thermal insulation, optimizes energy efficiency, and promotes ecological sustainability in urban environments. BACKGROUD OF THE INVENTION: [0002] Conventional roofing practices often utilize materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDP) sheets or concrete, which contribute to environmental degradation, waterlogging issues, and frequent maintenance needs. Traditional roofing materials also significantly contribute to global warming by absorbing and retaining heat, leading to increased urban temperatures. [0003] The rise in daytime temperatures and reduced nighttime cooling in urban areas have severe environmental and socio-economic consequences. Elevated temperatures increase the risk of respiratory difficulties, heat exhaustion, heat strokes, organ damage, and heat-related mortality. Moreover, the excessive heat places a higher demand on cooling systems, leading to increased energy consumption and stress on electricity grids, further contributing to CO2 emissions and climate change. [0004] Rapid urbanization has exacerbated these issues. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), urban migration is increasing at an unprecedented rate, with an estimated two-thirds of the global population projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Most of this expansion will occur in developing nations, particularly in Asia and Africa. Urban areas are expected to grow by 80% between 2024 and 2030, particularly in warm climates such as India. [0005] Studies indicate that a temperature increase of just 0.6°C can raise peak urban electricity demand by 1.5% to 2%, as found by the Environmental Protection Agency in India. Increased dependence on air conditioning systems further exacerbates the urban heat island effect, as anthropogenic heat emissions contribute to further temperature rises. Heat islands also lead to stagnant air conditions, increasing the formation of smog and ozone, which degrade air quality and pose additional health risks. [0006] Another critical factor contributing to environmental degradation is the cement industry, one of the largest global producers of carbon dioxide (CO2). Cement production involves the calcination of limestone, which releases large amounts of CO2, coupled with the burning of fossil fuels for kiln heating. The embodied carbon in concrete structures adds to the upfront carbon footprint of buildings before they are even in use. [0007] While concrete buildings offer durability and longevity, their energy-intensive production process and high carbon footprint present significant environmental concerns. Efforts are being made to reduce these emissions through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies, alternative binders, and sustainable construction practices. However, there remains a need for practical, scalable, and sustainable alternatives to conventional roofing materials. [0008] To address these challenges, the present invention introduces an innovative six-layered system that integrates structural analysis, specialized coatings, and advanced drainage technology to support green roof installations. By incorporating an IoT-based monitoring system, this invention enhances urban sustainability by improving water management, reducing heat absorption, and optimizing energy efficiency. [0009] This six-layered IoT-based green roof system provides several advantages over traditional roofing materials: i. Lower costs and superior performance compared to metal or asbestos sheets. ii. A significant reduction in roof temperature by 13-17°C during peak summer months. iii. Substantial energy savings of 20-35% by reducing the cooling load on buildings. iv. Improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. v. Increased biodiversity and ecological benefits in urban settings. [0010] Through these innovations, the present invention offers a comprehensive solution to the environmental, economic, and social challenges posed by conventional roofing materials while promoting a greener, more sustainable urban infrastructure. OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION: [0011] The main objective of the present invention is to provide innovative six-layered system that incorporates structural analysis, specialized coatings, and advanced drainage technology to support green roof installations. [0012] Another objective of the present invention is significant reduction (13-17°C) in roof temperature during peak summer months and monitor the temperature. [0013] Still another objective of the invention is to provide an IOT integrated Roof top six-layered system that helps in monitoring. [0014] Yet another objective of the present invention to provide user friendly and economically viable route for high quality with superior performance roofing system. [0015] Still another objective of the invention is to provide a unique range of ratio of materials for use for process of six-layers that can help in significant reduction of temperature. [0016] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a unique technique/process that can contribute energy efficiency Substantial savings (20%-35%) in cooling load, in our home for cooling the room/house and office premises as well as made a green environment above the roof top as well as reduction of roof temperature and growing vegetation above the roof. [0017] Still another objective of the invention is to provide green environment above roof top and vegetation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0018] The present invention discloses a flow chart for six –layers of integrated roof top system or process. [0019] Structural Analysis: Comprehensive assessment of rooftop structural integrity to ensure compatibility with the green roof installation. [0020] Silicon and Resin Coating: Application of specialized coatings to enhance waterproofing and protect the underlying structure from environmental degradation. [0021] Fixed Drain Boards: Installation of fixed drain boards to facilitate efficient drainage and prevent waterlogging. [0022] Drain cell and High-Density Polymer: Utilization of drain cell and high-density polymer materials to further enhance drainage performance and structural support. [0023] Geotextile, Sand, and Compost Cocopeat: Layering of geotextile, sand, and compost cocopeat to provide a conducive growing medium for vegetation while promoting water retention and nutrient availability. [0024] Vegetation: Planting of suitable vegetation, including seasonal vegetables and flowers, to create a thriving green roof ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: [0025] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in, and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. [0026] Fig. 1 represents the major steps involved in the overall invented process in the form of a flow chart for six –layers of integrated roof top system or process. [0027] Fig. 2 represents the major steps involved in the overall invented process in the form of a Rooftop Landscaping DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: [0028] The following is a detailed description to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit, and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. [0029] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed process. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that process of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. Process of this disclosure relates to treating the smelt pot lining coming out of metallurgical industry from smelting process. [0030] Structural Analysis: Structural analysis of buildings involves determining the internal forces, stresses, and deformations within structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs, and frames under various loading conditions. The process typically involves several steps: [0031] Determine the Loads: Identify and quantify the loads acting on the structure, including dead loads (permanent loads like the weight of the structure itself), live loads (variable loads like occupants, furniture, snow, wind), and other environmental loads (earthquake, temperature changes). [0032] Support Conditions: Determine the support conditions of the structure. Common support conditions include fixed (cantilever), simply supported (beam on two supports), and continuous (beam on more than two supports). [0033] Idealize the Structure: Represent the building as a simplified structural model composed of interconnected elements such as beams, columns, and slabs. This could involve dividing the structure into smaller components for analysis. [0034] Apply Equilibrium Conditions: Apply equilibrium equations (sum of forces equals zero, sum of moments equals zero) to each node or joint of the structure. This helps in determining the internal forces (axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments) at various locations. [0035] Structural Analysis Methods: [0036] Static Analysis: Assumes structures are in static equilibrium under applied loads. [0037] Finite Element Analysis (FEA): Numerical method used for solving complex structural problems by dividing the structure into smaller, simpler elements. [0038] Matrix Analysis: Utilizes matrix algebra to solve for unknown forces and displacements in the structure. [0039] Approximate Methods: Simplified methods such as moment distribution or slope deflection methods can be used for preliminary analysis. [0040] Calculate Internal Forces and Stresses: Once the structural analysis is complete, determine the internal forces and stresses in each structural element. This involves calculating axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments along the length of beams, columns, and slabs. [0041] Check for Design Code Compliance: Compare the calculated internal forces and stresses against the allowable limits specified in relevant design codes and standards. Ensure that the structural elements are safe and can withstand the applied loads without failure. [0042] Assessment of Deformations: Determine the deformations and displacements of the structure under applied loads. This is crucial for assessing serviceability requirements such as deflection limits. [0043] Iterative Analysis: If necessary, iterate the analysis process to refine the structural model or adjust design parameters until satisfactory results are achieved. [0044] The Formulas used in Structural Analysis: 1. Stress: • Axial Stress (s) = Force (F) / Area (A) • Bending Stress (s) = (M * c) / I 2. Strain: • Axial Strain (e) = Change in length (?L) / Original length (L) • Bending Strain (e) = Curvature (?) * Distance from Neutral Axis (c) 3. Deflection: • Deflection (d) = (5 * w * L^4) / (384 * E * I) • Deflection due to axial load (d) = (F * L^3) / (3 * E * A) 4. Shear Force (V) and Bending Moment (M) Equations: [0045] Dead load capacity of a building: To calculate the dead load capacity of a building, we need to determine the total dead load acting on the structure and then ensure that the structural elements (beams, columns, slabs, etc..) have sufficient capacity to support this load without failure. [0046] A step-by-step process: Identification of Dead Load Components: Dead load refers to the permanent weight of the building itself and any permanent fixtures or components. Typical dead load components include: 1) Structural elements (concrete, steel, wood) 2) Floor finishes (tiles, carpet, hardwood) 3) Roofing materials (concrete, metal, shingles) 4) Partitions and walls 5) Permanent fixtures (HVAC systems, plumbing, electrical) 6) Other permanent loads (e.g., staircases, elevators) [0047] Determine Weights of Dead Load Components: Obtain information on the weights of each dead load component. This can be obtained from building plans, material specifications, or by estimating typical weights based on material type and dimensions. [0048] Calculate Total Dead Load: Sum up the weights of all dead load components to determine the total dead load acting on the building. This can be expressed in pounds per square foot (psf) or kilonewtons per square meter (kN/m²) depending on the unit system used. [0049] Identify Load Paths: Determine how the dead load is distributed throughout the building structure. This involves understanding load paths from the building elements to the foundation. [0050] Analyze Structural Elements: Use structural analysis methods to determine the internal forces (axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments) in the structural elements (beams, columns, slabs, etc.) under the dead load. This analysis may involve hand calculations or computer software. [0051] Check Capacity of Structural Elements: Compare the calculated internal forces in the structural elements against their capacity. The capacity of structural elements depends on their material properties (e.g., concrete strength, steel yield strength), dimensions, and structural configuration. [0052] Consider Safety Factors and Codes: Ensure that the design meets safety factors specified by building codes and standards. These safety factors typically include factors for material strength, load uncertainty, and other considerations. [0053] Iterate Design if Necessary: If the calculated dead load exceeds the capacity of any structural elements, revise the design by adjusting dimensions, materials, or configurations to ensure structural integrity and safety. Dead load capacity measuring Process: [0054] To calculate the dead load capacity of a concrete roof and column structure, we'll need to follow these steps: [0055] Determine Roof Dimensions: Measure or obtain the dimensions of the roof area in square feet or square meters. [0056] Calculate Roof Dead Load: The dead load of the concrete roof depends on its thickness, density of the concrete, and any additional materials such as reinforcement or waterproofing layers. The formula to calculate dead load is: Dead Load= Thickness×Density×Area Where: ? Thickness is the thickness of the concrete roof slab (in feet or meters). ? Density is the density of the concrete material (in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter). ? Area is the area of the roof (in square feet or square meters). a) Determine Column Dead Load: Calculate the dead load acting on the columns. This involves considering the weight of the roof slab, as well as any additional loads such as beams or other structural elements that the columns support. b) Analyze Column Capacity: Check the capacity of the columns to support the dead load. This involves determining the axial load capacity of the columns based on their dimensions, material strength, and any applicable building codes or standards. c) Compare Capacity and Demand: Compare the dead load acting on the columns to their capacity. Ensure that the columns have sufficient capacity to support the dead load without exceeding their allowable stress or deformation limits. d) Consider Safety Factors: Apply appropriate safety factors as per building codes and standards to ensure structural safety and integrity. e) Iterate Design if Necessary: If the calculated dead load exceeds the capacity of the columns, revise the design by adjusting column dimensions, reinforcing the columns, or modifying the structural configuration to ensure adequate support. [0057] Referring to Fig.1, a flow chart for six –layers of integrated roof top system or process. [0058] EXAMPLE 1: General procedure for the calculation of structural analysis of formula (I): When the dead load of a roof is 25kg/sqft what will be the thickness: To determine the thickness of the concrete roof slab required to support a dead load of 25 kg/sqft, we can use the formula for dead load calculation mentioned earlier: Dead Load = Thickness×Density×Area Hence, by rearrange this formula to solve for thickness: Thickness = As we have taken, Dead Load = 25 kg/sqft Density of concrete typically ranges from 140 to 150 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) or around 2200 kg/m³. First, we need to convert the dead load from kg/sqft to kg/sq. meter since density is typically given in kg/m³. 1 square foot = 0.092903 square meters ×0.092903 Dead Load kg/m2= Dead Load kg/sqft×0.092903 1 square foot = 0.092903 square meters Dead Load kg/m2=Dead Load kg/sqft×0.092903 Dead Load kg/m2=25kg/sqft×0.092903 Dead Load kg/m2=2.322575kg/m2 Now, we can calculate the thickness: Thickness = Let's assume a density of 2200 kg/m³ for concrete: Thickness = Thickness ˜ 0.001057 meters Thickness ˜ 1.057 mm So, the thickness of the concrete roof slab required to support a dead load of 25 kg/sqft would be approximately 1.057 millimeters. [0059] EXAMPLE 2: Example 1 was repeated and calculated for the dead load capacity of a 4-inch concrete roof To calculate the dead load capacity of a 4-inch concrete roof, we need to consider the weight of the concrete roof itself. The dead load capacity refers to the maximum load that the roof can support without failure. This load includes the weight of the roof material, as well as any additional permanent fixtures or loads. Determine the Weight of the Concrete Roof: The weight of concrete can vary depending on its density. A typical density for concrete is around 150 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) or approximately 2400 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). Given that the roof thickness is 4 inches (or 1/3 foot), we calculate the volume of concrete per square foot of roof area: Volume=Thickness × Area Volume =1/3 foot×1 square foot=1/3 cubic foot Volume=1/3foot×1square foot=1/3cubic foot Then, we calculate the weight of concrete per square foot: Weight of Concrete = Volume × Density Weight of Concrete = (1/3 cubic foot) ×(150 pcf) Weight of Concrete ˜ 50pounds per square foot (psf) Determine the Dead Load Capacity: The dead load capacity of the roof will depend on various factors such as the strength of the roof structure, including beams, columns, and support walls. As a general guideline, the dead load capacity is usually higher than the actual dead load of the structure to ensure a safety margin against failure. Typical safety factors range from 1.2 to 1.5 times the design load. So, for a 4-inch concrete roof, the weight of the concrete itself is approximately 50 pounds per square foot (psf). [0060] EXAMPLE 3: Example 1 was repeated and to calculated for a one thousand square feet area with a coloumn span of 10X10ft To calculate the dead load capacity for a 4-inch concrete roof over a 1000 square feet area with a column span of 10 feet by 10 feet, we'll follow these steps: Determine the Weight of the Concrete Roof: Given that the thickness of the concrete roof is 4 inches (or 1/3 foot) and the density of concrete is 150 pounds per cubic foot (pcf), we'll calculate the total weight of the concrete roof per square foot. First, calculate the volume of concrete per square foot of roof area: Volume=Thickness×Area Volume =1/3 foot×1 square foot=1/3 cubic foot Volume=1/3foot×1square foot=1/3cubic foot Then, calculate the weight of concrete per square foot: Weight of Concrete=Volume×Density Weight of Concrete = (1/3 cubic foot)×(150 pcf) WeightofConcrete˜50pounds per square foot (psf) [0061] EXAMPLE 4: Example 1 was repeated to determine the Total Weight of the Concrete Roof: The total weight of the concrete roof over a 1000 square feet area can be calculated by multiplying the weight per square foot by the total area: Total Weight of Concrete Roof = Weight of Concrete per square foot×Area Total Weight of Concrete Roof=50psf×1000sqft Total Weight of Concrete Roof=50,000pounds [0062] EXAMPLE 5: Example 1 was repeated to Determination of the Dead Load Capacity: The dead load capacity of the roof depends on the structural design and the materials used in construction. It's typically determined by the structural engineer based on building codes and safety factors. As mentioned earlier, typical safety factors range from 1.2 to 1.5 times the design load. Let's assume a safety factor of 1.5 for this calculation. Dead Load Capacity=Total Weight of Concrete Roof×Safety Factor Dead Load Capacity = 50,000pounds×1.5 Dead Load Capacity=75,000pounds So, the dead load capacity for a 4-inch concrete roof over a 1000 square feet area with a column span of 10 feet by 10 feet is approximately 75,000 pounds. [0063] EXAMPLE 6: Example 1 was repeated to calculate the dead load capacity in kilograms per square foot (kg/sqft), Now, we calculate the dead load capacity in kilograms per square foot: To convert the dead load capacity from pounds per square foot (psf) to kilograms per square meter (kg/m²), we'll use the following conversion factors: 1 pound = 0.453592 kilograms 1 square foot = 0.092903 square meters Given that the dead load capacity is 75,000 pounds and the area is 1000 square feet, we first calculate the dead load capacity in kilograms: So, the dead load capacity for a 4-inch concrete roof over a 1000 square feet area with a column span of 10 feet by 10 feet is approximately 365.51 kilograms per square meter (kg/m²). [0064] EXAMPLE 7: 5: Example 1 was repeated to calculate of kg/sqft: To calculate the dead load capacity in kilograms per square foot (kg/sqft), we'll first convert the total weight of the concrete roof from pounds to kilograms, and then divide it by the total area in square feet. Given that the total weight of the concrete roof is 75,000 pounds and the area is 1000 square feet: 1 pound = 0.453592 kilograms So, the dead load capacity for a 4-inch concrete roof over a 1000 square feet area with a column span of 10 feet by 10 feet is approximately 34.02 kilograms per square foot (kg/sqft). [0065] Geomembrane Layer: A geomembrane is barrier used with structural related material so as to control fluid (liquid or gas) migration in the structure, or system. [0066] Fixed Drain Board & high-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Dimpled board: The present invention is a Dimple Board and high-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Dimpled board. It is light weight, flexible, Strong, durable, Non-toxic, dimpled sheet board with dimple height of 20mm. It is impermeable to water and water vapour. It is used for protecting the water Proofing Membrane in basement walls. [0067] Application Method: Example 8: In vertical applications, the present invention is fixed to the wall with profiles in the subbasement level, the direction of the bubbles (Dimples) should be outer side of the wall. Plate’s joints should be put in a minimum of 20cm overlap. If it is desired, overlap parts of the plates are fixed to each other by hot air hand welding or glued insulated tape. In horizontal applications, the present invention is laid to the ground, the direction of the bubbles should be faced to the ground. Plates joints should be put in a minimum of 30cm overlap. If it is desired, overlap parts of the plates are fixed to each other by hot air hand welding or glued insulated tape. (ideal application temperature: +5, +30 0C ) [0068] AREAS OF APPLICATION: The present invention is used for the draining of ground water and protection of the underground waterproofing system against damages caused by soil pressure. The present invention is used as a moisture barrier for the concrete. Alternatively, present invention is laid on the soil in order to obtain a clean surface on the base instead of lean concrete. Waters approaching the walls is drained quickly. In the tunnels the present invention enables the transmission of intense water to the drainage channels. [0069] TABLE 1: PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: [0070] OTHER PROPERTIES: ? The present invention has excellent chemical resistance. ? resistant to the acid. ? resistant to the alkalis. ? resistant to all insolvents. ? resistant to the Plant Roots. ? approved for drinking water applications. ? has no deterioration under soil. ? is Non-Toxic and Non-Polluting [0071] STORAGE CONDITION AND SERVICE LIFE: In this invention Rolls must be stored in original package in Horizontal Position and under cool ad dry conditions. They must be protected from direct sunlight, rain, Snow, and ice etc.. The membrane should not be exposed to UV Light for more than 30 Days. Life of the present invention is More than 25 Year (at PH-4 to 9 and temperature). [0072] FEATURE / ADVANTAGES: The present invention provides low-cost alternative and faster application for water- proofing protection. The dimple design creates an air gap between the foundation wall and Damp soil keeping moisture away from touching the wall The air between the bubble provides breathing of wall. The number of bubbles provides the equal distribution of load allows the reduction of point load. Thus, it is very economical and faster method for protecting the water Proofing Membrane in basement walls. [0073] GEO-TEXTILE: 150, 200 or 250 GSM geotextile is used to holding the growth medium in the present invention after draining cell and after the sand layer again. [0074] COCOPEAT: TABLE 1: Analysis report of manure cocopeat Parameters Test 1 Moisture ( % ) 65 Humidity ( % ) 69.82 Phosphorus ( Mg/Kg ) 684.00 Nitrogen ( Mg/Kg ) 587.00 PH 5.62 EC ( uS/cm ) 963.30 Potassium ( Mg/Kg ) 1426.00 Temperature ( °C ) 34.09 TABLE: 2 Analysis report of 1 no. of Organic manure sample reg. Sl. No. Parameters Sample No.1 1 Moisture (%) 75.0 2 Colour Brownish Black 3 Odour Odourless 4 Bulk Density(Mg/m3) 0.37 5 Particle Size (%) passes through 4.0 mm sieve. 98.0 6 pH(1:5) 7.36 7 EC (dSm-1) 0.45 8 OC (%) 19.8 9 Total N (%) 1.36 10 C:N ratio 13.3:1 11 Total POs (%) 0.58 12 Total K20 (%) 1.23 [0075] Coir pith is a by-product generated from coir industries. It is composed of short fibers and the mesocarp pith remaining after the extraction of long fibers from the reused or fresh coconut husk. The ratio of fiber to pith in the coconut mesocarp is 30:70, weight by weight basis. In India, husks obtained from about 40-60% of the coconuts produced are used for coir fiber production. Each year, on an average, not less than O.S to I million tons of coir pith waste is produced in India that needs to be utilized gainfully. [0076] Coir pith has high porosity and holds up to OO% moisture that makes it a unique input as soil amendment. In addition to these important physical properties, it contains high concentration of potash which makes it more useful. However, high polyphenolic content makes raw coir-pith toxic to roots of many crops. Therefore, composting is an ideal option for its beneficial utilization in agriculture as this can help in reducing the concentration of toxic phenolics and make the plant nutrients easily available. [0077] For compost cocopeat we use this method: Composting of coir-pith: Composting coir-pith is also a challenge because it possesses very high C: N ratio and lignin content varying from 30 to S4% which makes it difficult to decompose by microorganisms. In order to make it amenable to microbial decomposition, the C:N ratio is reduced by addition of urea followed by addition of ligno-cellulose degrading mushroom fungi such as Pleurotus sajor caju. The coir-pith compost produced by this technology is good source of manure that improves the physical properties, adds valuable plant nutrients to soil besides being used as plant growth medium for horticultural and field crops. However, this technology depends on regular supply of the mushroom fungal culture for composting the coir pith which at times becomes the limiting factor from farmers' point of view. [0078] Urea-free composting of coir-pith: We have invented a simple, farmer friendly technology for composting coir-pith that does not involve addition of urea as nitrogen source for reducing the C:N ratio or mushroom fungi for substrate decomposition. The concept of co-composting is adopted in the ICAR-CPCRI technology. In this technology, organic materials with high nitrogen content and low C:N ratio, such as animal manures, are mixed with organic materials having low nitrogen and high C:N ratio, such as coir pith. This mixing of high C:N with low C:N material helps in improved microbial decomposition of the substrates. This is a low-cost, simple and rapid composting technology based on local resources that can be adopted easily by farmers and cottage-industry level entrepreneurs. The technology requires five main inputs: ? Coirpith ? Poultry manure ? Lime (Calcium oxide) ? Rock phosphate (available as Rajphos in local fertilizer stores) ? Water [0079] EXAMPLE 9: Large-scale production of coir-pith compost: ? Select a place that has good shade and is protected from direct rain falling on the composting site. ? Alternatively, green house nets draped on wooden poles can be used to create a shaded area ? Mix properly 90 kg of coir-pith with 10 kg of good quality poultry manure along with O.5 kg of lime and O.5 kg of rock phosphate. ? Spread the mixture evenly in an area of 2 x I x O.5 m (l x b x h) dimensions. ? Larger heap of 5OO kg (450 kg coir pith+ 5O kg poultry manure+2.5 kg each of lime and rock phosphate) spread in an area of 4 x 2 x I m (l x b x h) is more ideal for composting. ? Sprinkle water regularly using watering can such that the whole coir pith heap remains sufficiently moist. Over wetting and drying should not take place. ? Cover the heap with gunny bag or green house net or dry grasses to prevent moisture loss. ? Once in IS days the whole heap must be turned properly. ? Turning the heap enhances the speed of decomposition indicated by colour change of reddish brown raw coir pith to dark brown colour. ? Water regularly and cover the heap as mentioned above. ? After45-60 days, the coir pith will become dark brown to black colour indicating the completion of composting process. • The final product can be shade dried and packed for further use. [0080] EXAMPLE 10: Physico-chemical and microbial properties of urea-free coir pith compost: The coir-pith compost produced is highly porous, dark coloured, odour free product, with pH in the range of6.1 to 6.4 and having up to 500% water holding capacity. The final product possesses CN ratio of 21 to 22 -and organic carbon content of 28-30%. The N, P and K content ranges between 1.3 to lA, 0.9 to 1.2 and 1.3 to 1.6 %, respectively. It is also a good source of plant micronutrients such as Fe, Cu, Zn and Mo. Microbiologically, the urea-free coir pith compost is rich in plant-beneficial microbes such as free-living nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. It also has significantly high populations of actinomycetes which are known to produce antibiotics and help in suppression of soil pathogens. TABLE: 3 Technical Specification Physical Properties Unit CPT Mass Per Unit Area g/m2 150 Thickness mm 1.1 Roll Size mtr 200 Width mm 2000 (Up to 5000) Durability Predicted to be durable for minimum of 10 years in natural sol with 4