Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The embodiments herein generally relate to battery electrode fabrication and more particularly, to an anode electrode with uniform thickness and high mass loading, and a method of fabricating the anode electrode.
BACKGROUND
[002] Generally, a battery is an energy storage device which is used for powering an electric motor and/ or electrical & electronic loads. The battery includes a cathode electrode and an anode electrode, which creates the flow of electrons in a circuit. Typically, fabrication of anode electrodes involves multiple processes such as slurry preparation, coating, calendering, vacuum drying and slitting. The slurry preparation involves mixing of weighted proportions of anode active material, conductive additive and binder material at defined speed and time. Once the slurry is prepared, it is transferred to a coater feeder and a slot die which deposits the slurry over the current collector at designed mass loading and thickness. Post coating, calendering will be performed to achieve the desired electrode density and thickness. Further, slitting and vacuum drying will be carried out following the calendering process to achieve the electrode of desired dimension.
[003] To achieve a higher capacity in the battery, it is preferred to increase the mass loading and density of the electrodes. However, it is observed that there is a considerably greater variance in thickness across the entirety/ lateral direction of the electrode after calendering if the mass loading and electrode density is increased. This becomes a challenge when calendering electrode in a conventional process in which the electrode is passed through a set of pre-heated calendering rollers to achieve target mass loading and thickness. Further, rebounding effect is observed to be around 9% to 11% thereby resulting in increase of electrode thickness and non-compliance with parameters for further processing of the electrode. Conventional solutions include increasing the binder content in the electrode, but this leads to the reduction in overall capacity.
[004] Therefore, there exists a need for an anode electrode with uniform thickness and high mass loading, electrode density, and a method to fabricate the anode electrode with uniform thickness and increased mass loading, which obviates the aforementioned drawbacks.
OBJECTS
[005] The principal object of embodiments herein is to provide a method of fabricating an anode electrode for use in a battery.
[006] Another object of embodiments herein is to provide the anode electrode with uniform thickness, and high mass loading and electrode density.
[007] Another object of embodiments herein is to achieve uniform thickness and density across an entirety of the anode electrode.
[008] Another object of embodiments herein is to reduce rebound (regain) in mass loading and thickness in the anode electrode.
[009] Another object of embodiments herein is to achieve better finished anode electrode with stress free edges near tab regions of the anode electrode.
[0010] Another object of embodiments herein is to reduce rebound effect in the anode electrode thereby enhancing performance and process efficiency of the anode electrode.
[0011] Another object of embodiments herein is to increase peel strength thereby resulting in better adhesion of an anode material layer onto a current collector of the anode electrode.
[0012] Another object of embodiments herein is to provide the anode electrode which achieves a better electrochemical performance compared to the conventional anode electrodes.
[0013] Another object of embodiments herein is to provide a high energy density anode electrode.
[0014] These and other objects of embodiments herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with following description and accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicating embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments herein include all such modifications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] The embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, throughout which like reference letters indicate corresponding parts in various figures. The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following description with reference to the drawings, in which:
[0016] Fig. 1 illustrates a system for calendering an anode electrode, according to embodiment as disclosed herein;
[0017] Fig. 2 depicts a scanned electron microscope (SEM) image of the anode electrode, according to embodiments herein;
[0018] Fig. 3A depicts a graph plot between thickness of the anode electrode, time and rebound effect of a conventional anode electrode made by 100% calendering operation;
[0019] Fig. 3B depicts graph plot between thickness of the anode electrode, time and rebound effect of the anode electrode made by 90-100% calendering operation, according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
[0020] Fig. 4A depicts a SEM image of the conventional anode electrode before 100 % calendering operation;
[0021] Fig. 4B depicts a SEM image of the conventional anode electrode after 100 % calendering operation;
[0022] Fig. 5A depicts a SEM image of the anode electrode before calendering operation, according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
[0023] Fig. 5B depicts a SEM image of the anode electrode after first calendering operation, according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
[0024] Fig. 5C depicts a SEM image of the anode electrode after second calendering operation, according to embodiments as disclosed herein; and
[0025] Fig. 6 depicts a flowchart indicating steps of a method of fabricating the anode electrode, according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[0027] The embodiments herein achieve a method of fabricating an anode electrode. Further, embodiments herein achieve the anode electrode with uniform thickness and high mass loading. Referring now to the Fig 1 through fig. 6, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown embodiments.
[0028] Fig. 1 illustrates a system (300) for calendering of an anode electrode (200), according to embodiment as disclosed herein. In an embodiment, the system (300) is adapted for performing at least two calendering operations on the current collector (202) coated with anode material layer (204) to fabricate the anode electrode (200) with uniform thickness and high mass loading. Mass loading refers to amount of anode material layer (204) coated on the current collector (202). The system (300) includes at least one set of unwinder rollers (302), at least two set of calendering rollers (304) and at least one set of rewinder rollers (306). The unwinder rollers (302) are adapted to hold the coated current collector (202) of continuous length and is configured to unwind the current collector (202) therefrom to provide the coated current collector (202) to the calendering rollers (304). The calendering rollers (304) are configured to perform at least two calendering operations (press) on the coated current collector (202) to prepare the anode electrode (200) with uniform thickness and high mass loading. The rewinder rollers (306) are adapted to rewind the calendered coated current collector (202) thereon. From fig. 1, A represents unwinder region in which unwinder tension is controlled thereof. Further, B represents pull roller region in which pull roller tension is controlled thereof. Furthermore, C represents rewinding region in which rewinder tension is controlled thereof.
[0029] Fig. 2 depicts a scanned electron microscope (SEM) image of the anode electrode (200), according to embodiments herein. The anode electrode (200) includes a current collector (202) and an anode material layer (204) adapted to be coated on both sides (lateral portions) of the current collector (202). The current collector (202) may be an electrically conductive layer, such as a metal foil. The anode material layer (204) includes at least one anode active material and at least one binder material. In an embodiment, a thickness variation along an entirety of the anode electrode (200) is less than or equal to 5 micron. In another embodiment, a density of the anode material layer (204) is in the range of 1.6 to 1.7 g/cc. In another embodiment, a mass loading of the anode material layer (204) is at least 33.6 mg/cm2. In another embodiment, a thickness of the anode electrode (200) is in the range of 200 µm to 220 µm. In another embodiment, a peel strength of the anode material layer (204) is at least 0.65 N-cm. The peel strength is defined as the adhesion strength of the anode material layer (204) with respect to the current collector (202) of the anode electrode (200). In an embodiment, the anode material layer (204) includes at least 96 weight percentage of the anode active material. For the purpose of this description and ease of understanding, the anode active material is selected from at least one of natural graphite, synthetic graphite and silicon. In another embodiment, the anode material layer (204) further includes a conductive additive. The weight percentage of anode active material, binder and the conductive additive in the anode material layer (204) is 96:2.3:0.7. In yet another embodiment, the binder material may include a combination of two different binder materials such a first binder material and a second binder material in the ratio of 1.5:1.8. The first binder material is at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder or Styrene acrylic resin (SAR). The second binder material is at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder or Styrene acrylic resin (SAR). The conductive additive is selected from at least one of Carbon black, Carbon Nanotube (CNT), graphene, carbon fibers and conductive polymers. If the binder material includes the first binder material and the second binder material, the first binder material is at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and the second binder material is at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder and Styrene acrylic resin (SAR).
[0030] Fig. 6 depicts a flowchart indicating steps of a method (100) of fabricating the anode electrode (200), according to embodiments as disclosed herein. For the purpose of this description and ease of understanding, the method (100) is explained herein with below reference to fabricating the anode electrode (200) for use in a lithium ion battery. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to practice/implement the entire steps of the method (100) in a same manner or in a different manner or with omission of at least one step to the method (100) or with any addition of at least one step to the method (100) for fabricating electrodes for use in batteries of any other applications without otherwise deterring the intended function of the method (100) as can be deduced from the description and corresponding drawings.
[0031] At step (102A), the method (100) includes performing at least two calendering operations on the current collector (202) coated with anode material layers (204) to prepare the anode electrode (200) with reduced thickness variation along an entirety of the anode electrode (200), wherein the at least two calendering operations includes a first calendering (first press) operation and a second calendering (second press) operation.
[0032] At step (102B), the method (100) includes controlling at least one of a plurality of calendering operating parameters during performing at least two calendering operations on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon. The plurality of calendering operating parameters includes at least one of roller temperature, roller gap, press condition, unwinder tension, pull roll tension, winder tension and line speed.
[0033] Further, the method step (102B) includes maintaining a first predefined roller gap on performing the first calendering operation on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon. Furthermore, the method step (102B) includes changing roller gap from the first predefined roller gap to a second predefined roller gap on performing the second calendering operation on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon. Roller gap is defined as the gap (space) between the one calendering rollers (304). For the purpose of this description and ease of understanding, the first predefined roller gap is lesser than the second predefined roller gap. In an embodiment, the first predefined roller gap is considered to be 150 µm, and correspondingly second predefined roller gap is considered to be 155 µm. In another embodiment, the first predefined roller gap is in the range of 140 µm to 160 µm, and correspondingly the second predefined roller gap is in the range of 130 µm to 160 µm.
[0034] The method step (102B) includes maintaining a first predefined press condition on performing the first calendering operation on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon. Further, the method step (102B) changing press condition from the first predefined press condition to a second predefined press condition on performing the second calendering operation on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon. In an embodiment, the first predefined press condition is defined as the press condition required to obtain 90% of target density of the anode electrode (200) during the first calendering operation, and correspondingly the second predefined press condition is defined as the press condition required to obtain 100% of target density of the anode electrode (200) during the second calendering operation.
[0035] Further, the method step (102B) includes maintaining unwinder tension, pull roll tension, winder tension and line speed at constant values on performing the first calendering operation and the second calendering operation on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon. In an embodiment, the unwinder tension is at least 60 N, the pull roll tension is at least 90 N, the rewinder tension is at least 95 N, and line speed is at least 5 m/min. In another embodiment, the unwinder tension is in the range of 60 N to 70 N. In another embodiment, the pull roll tension is the range of 80 N to 90 N. In another embodiment, the rewinder tension is in the range of 70 N to 110 N. In another embodiment, the line speed is in the range of 5 m/min to 10 m/ min.
[0036] Furthermore, the method step (102B) includes changing the unwinder tension, the pull roll tension, the winder tension and the line speed on performing the calendering operations on the current collector (202) coated with the anode material layer (204) thereon.
[0037] The at least two calendering operations are performed using 90%-100% press condition wherein 90% of density is achieved in the first predefined press condition (1st press condition) and 100% target density is achieved in 2nd press condition. In an embodiment, the anode electrode (200) has a density of at least 1.66 g/cc, thickness of at least 214 µm, peel strength of at least 0.65 N-cm, and mass loading of at least 33.6 mg/cm2.
[0038] The physical properties of the anode electrode (200) formed by calendering the current collector (202) coated with anode material layer (204) by using the method (100) are validated by the experimental results as follows.
1st Press condition 2nd Press condition
Sl No. Press Condition
(%) Pressing
(%) Thickness
(µm) Density
(g/cc) Roller
Gap
(µm) Pressing
(%) Thickness
(µm) Density
(g/cc)
Roller
Gap
(µm) Peel Strength
(N-cm)
1 75-100 75 244 1.25 150 100 214 1.66 145 0.141
2 85-100 85 232 1.41 150 100 214 1.66 150 0.54
3 90-100 90 226 1.5 150 100 214 1.66 155 0.65
4 100-0 100 214 1.66 150 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.29
Table 1: List of press conditions and roller gap for achieving corresponding density and thickness of anode electrode (200).
[0039] Table 1 reveals that the at least two calendering operations on the anode electrode (200) effectively attains the targeted electrode density. However, it is crucial to regulate the roller gap during both the first and second pressing conditions to enhance peel strength. When the roller gap in the first press condition is maintained lesser than the roller gap in the second press condition, the anode active materials and binders are more uniformly distributed and compacted in the anode material layer (204), thereby resulting in better peel strength. The SEM image as shown in Fig. 5C illustrates the uniform distribution of anode active materials and binders in support of this observation.
[0040] To optimize the required density, thickness and peel strength of the anode electrode (200), different press conditions and roller gaps were considered to study the corresponding results as indicated in table 1. The unwinder tension, pull roll tension, winder tension, roller tension and line speed were kept constant. It is clearly evident from SI. No. 3 of table 1, target peel strength of 0.65 N-cm, target density of 1.66 g/cc, and target thickness of 214 µm are achieved for 90%-100% press condition and 150-155 µm roller gap.
SI. No. Unwinder Tension
(N) Pull Roll Tension
(N) Rewinder Tension
(N) Load
(KN) Roller Gap
(µm) Thickness
(µm) Density
(g/cc)
1st 2nd 1st 2nd
1 95 100 110 400-450 150/155 219.5 208.5 1.55 1.65
2 60 70 60 400-450 150/150 222 209 1.54 1.63
3 60 90 95 400-450 150/150 226 210 1.53 1.66
Table 2: List of unwinder tension, pull roll tension and rewinder tension for achieving corresponding density and thickness of anode electrode (200).
[0041] To optimize the required density and thickness of the anode electrode (200), different unwinder tension, pull roll tension and rewinder tension were followed to study the corresponding results as indicated in table 2. Further, mass loading of anode electrode (200) is at least 33.6 mg/cm2, density is 1.66 g/cc and roller gap is maintained at 150 µm during 1st press and 155 µm during second press, and the roller temperature is 60°C. From table 2, it can be observed that the tension parameters such as unwinder tension, pull roll tension and rewinder tension do not vary the thickness and density values to a larger variance. However, the anode electrode (200) which is calendered with unwinder tension (60 N), pull roll tension (90 N) and rewinder tension (95 N) yields a better finished product with stress-free edges near tab regions of the anode electrode (200).
SL No. Load
(KN) Line
Speed
(m/min) Roller Gap
(µm) Thickness
(µm) Density
(g/cc) Peel Strength
(N-cm) Rebound Effect
(%)
1st press 2nd press 1st press 2nd press
1 400-450 5 150/155 226 210 1.53 1.66 0.65 1.49
2 400-450 8 150/150 219.5 208.5 1.55 1.65 0.54 2.41
3 400-450 10 150/150 220.5 211.0 1.60 1.65 0.62 3.04
4 400-450 15 150/150 219.0 209.8 1.57 1.63 0.49 3.39
Table 3: List of line speed for achieving corresponding density, thickness and peel strength of the anode electrode (200).
[0042] To optimize the required density, thickness and peel strength of the anode electrode (200), different line speed were followed to study the corresponding results as indicated in table 3. As is clearly evident from table 3, the line speed of 5m/ min yields target thickness of 210 (µm), target density of 1.66 (g/cc), peel strength of (0.65 N-cm), and the corresponding rebound effect is 1.49 % which is lesser than the rebound effect achieved for line speed (8 to 15 m/min).
SL No. Press Condition (%) Roller Gap
(um) Thickness
(um) Density
(g/cc) Peel Strength
(N-cm) Rebound Effect
(%)
1st press 2nd press 1st press 2nd press
1 75-100 150/145 240 215 1.3 1.63 0.54 4.75
2 85-100 150/150 232 214 1.41 1.64 0.62 3.39
3 90-100 150/155 226 210 1.53 1.66 0.65 1.49
4 100-0 125 215 217 0 1.65 0.2 - 0.5 9.8 -11
Table 4: List of press conditions on rebound effect
[0043] To understand the effect of different press conditions on rebound effect as indicated in table 4, parameters like mass loading (33.6 mg/cm2), roller temperature ( 60°C), unwinder tension (60 N), pull roll tension (90 N), rewinder tension (95 N) and line speed (5 m/min) kept as constant during the calendering operation on the anode electrode (200). It can be observed from table 4 that on conventional calendering (refer SI. No. 4 of table 4), the rebound effect (9.8 to 11) is higher than in at least two calendering (refer SI. No. 1 to 3 of table 4). On at least two calendering (two pressing), the rebound effect was reduced from 11% to around 1.5% to 5%. Also, the press condition at 90%-100% had better control on the rebound effect.
SL No. Calendering Chg. Cap.(mAh) DChg. Cap.(mAh) Chg. Spec. Cap.(mAh/g) DChg. Spec. Cap.(mAh/g)
1 100-0% (conventional calendering) 7.5792 8.1826 360.23 388.91
2 90-100% (At least two calendering) 8.710 9.241 386.61 410.15
Table 5: Electro-chemical performance for conventional calendering and at least two calendering of the anode electrode.
[0044] As is clearly evident from table 5, the electro-chemical performance of the anode electrode (200) formed by performing at least two calendering of the anode electrode (200) is higher than the electro-chemical performance of the conventional calendered anode electrode.
[0045] Typically, the rebound effect is calculated over a period of time which is 250 hours. The rebound effect of the conventional anode electrodes is 6.7% as shown in fig. 3A. From fig. 3B, it is clearly evident that the rebound effect of the anode electrode (200) is 2.8% which is lesser than the rebound effect of the conventional electrodes.
[0046] The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image depicted in figure 4B illustrates the cross-section of the anode electrode prepared through conventional processes. The anode material layer, coated on both sides of the current collector, exhibits thickness variations exceeding 5 microns. Specifically, when measuring the thickness from a point on the current collector to the corresponding surface of the active material layer at three different locations along the lengthwise direction of the active material layer on one side of the current collector, values of 109 µm, 118 µm, and 117 µm are obtained. The image clearly indicates an uneven surface in the lengthwise direction of the anode material layer on both sides of the current collector.
[0047] The SEM image depicted in figure 5C illustrates the cross-section of the anode electrode (200) using the method (100) as disclosed in the present invention. The anode material layer (204), coated on both sides of the current collector (202), now exhibits thickness variations of less than 5 microns. For example, when measuring the thickness from a point on the current collector (202) to the corresponding surface of the active material layer (204) at three different locations along the lengthwise direction of the active material layer (204) on one side of the current collector (202) using the proposed method (100), values of 108 µm, 109 µm, and 111 µm are obtained. Further, the surface of the active material layer (204) coated on both sides of the current collector (202) are more even compared to the anode electrode prepared using the conventional process.
[0048] The technical advantages of the anode electrode (200) and the method (100) of fabricating anode electrode (200) are as follows. Rebound effect in anode electrode (200) is decreased thereby enhancing performance and process efficiency of the anode electrode. Peel strength is increased thereby resulting in better adhesion of the anode material layer (204) onto the current collector (202) of the anode electrode (200). The anode electrode (200) achieves a better electrochemical performance compared to the conventional anode electrodes. Achieved uniform thickness and density across an entirety of the anode electrode (200). Reducing rebound (regain) in mass loading on the anode electrode (200) after calendering of anode electrode (200). Achieved better finished anode electrode (200) with stress free edges near tab regions of the anode electrode (200).
[0049] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modifications within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
, Claims:We claim,
1. An anode electrode (200) for a battery, said anode electrode (200) comprising:
a current collector (202); and
at least one anode material layer (204) coated on both sides of said current collector (202), wherein said anode material layer (204) includes at least one anode active material and at least one binder material,
wherein
a thickness variation along an entirety of said anode electrode (200) is less than 5 micron;
a density of said anode material layer (204) is in the range of 1.6 to 1.7 g/cc; and
a mass loading of said anode material layer (204) is at least 33.6 mg/cm2.
2. The anode electrode (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a thickness of said anode electrode (200) is in the range of 200 µm to 220 µm; and
a peel strength of said anode material layer (204) is at least 0.65 N-cm.
3. The anode electrode (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said anode active material is present in 96 % by weight of said anode material layer (204); and
said binder material includes 1.5 wt% of a first binder material and 1.8 wt% of a second binder material,
wherein
said anode material layer (204) includes 0.7 wt% of conductive carbon.
4. The anode electrode (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said anode active material is at least one of natural graphite, synthetic graphite and silicon;
said first binder material is at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder; and
said second binder material is at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder or Styrene acrylic resin (SAR).
5. A method (100) of fabricating an anode electrode (200), said method (100) comprising:
performing at least two calendering operations on a current collector (202) coated with anode material layer (204) to prepare said anode electrode (200) with reduced thickness variation along an entirety of said anode electrode (200); and
controlling at least one of a plurality of calendering operating parameters during said performing at least two calendering operations on said current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon,
wherein
the at least two calendering operations includes a first calendering operation and a second calendering operation; and
the plurality of calendering operating parameters includes at least one of roller temperature, roller gap, press condition, unwinder tension, pull roll tension, winder tension and line speed.
6. The method (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein said controlling at least one of the plurality of calendering operating parameters includes,
maintaining a first predefined roller gap on performing said first calendering operation on said current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon; and
changing roller gap from said first predefined roller gap to a second predefined roller gap on performing said second calendering operation on said current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon,
wherein
said first predefined roller gap is lesser than said second predefined roller gap.
7. The method (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein said controlling at least one of the plurality of calendering operating parameters includes,
maintaining a first predefined press condition on performing said first calendering operation on said current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon; and
changing press condition from said first predefined press condition to a second predefined press condition on performing said second calendering operation on said current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon,
wherein
said first predefined press condition is defined as the press condition required to obtain 90% of target density of said anode electrode (200) during said first calendering operation; and
said second predefined press condition is defined as the press condition required to obtain 100% of target density of said anode electrode (200) during said second calendering operation.
8. The method (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein said first predefined roller gap is in the range of 140 µm to 160 µm; and
said second predefined roller gap is in the range of 130 µm to 160 µm.
9. The method (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein said controlling at least one of the plurality of calendering operating parameters includes,
maintaining unwinder tension, pull roll tension, winder tension and line speed at constant value on performing said first calendering operation and said second calendering operation on current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon,
wherein
said unwinder tension is the range of 60 N to 70 N;
said pull roll tension is the range of 80 N to 90 N;
said rewinder tension is in the range of 70 N to 110 N; and
said line speed is in the range of 5 m/min to 10 m/ min.
10. The method (100) as claimed in claim 9, wherein said controlling at least one of the plurality of calendering operating parameters includes,
changing said unwinder tension, said pull roll tension, said winder tension and said line speed on performing said calendering operations on said current collector (202) coated with said anode material layer (204) thereon.
11. The method (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein a density of said anode material layer (204) of said anode electrode (200) is in the range of 1.6 to 1.7 g/cc;
a thickness of said anode electrode (200) is the range of 200 µm to 220 µm;
a peel strength of said anode material layer (204) is at least 0.65 N-cm;
a mass loading of said anode material layer (204) is at least 33.6 mg/cm2; and
said thickness variation along said entirety of said anode electrode (200) is less than 5 micron.