DESC:DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention pertains to the field of assistive wearable technology designed to enhance the mobility and independence of visually impaired individuals.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Visual impairment is a widespread challenge affecting millions of individuals globally, with over 18 million visually impaired people in India and more than 2.2 billion worldwide. The limitations imposed by visual impairment create barriers to mobility, independence, and a comprehensive understanding of the environment for those affected.
The field of assistive technology for the visually impaired has witnessed notable advancements over the years, yet significant challenges persist in the effectiveness and usability of existing solutions.
Traditional assistive devices for the visually impaired often fall short in providing holistic solutions. The existing products may lack advanced features, hindering users from efficiently navigating their surroundings, recognizing people, or obtaining information about objects in their vicinity. Furthermore, the high costs associated with cutting-edge assistive technologies restrict access for many individuals, exacerbating the challenges faced by the visually impaired community.
Further, the traditional devices often rely on technologies such as ultrasonic or infrared sensors, coupled with tactile feedback mechanisms, to aid users in navigation. However, these solutions are plagued by several limitations, necessitating the development of more innovative and user-friendly alternatives.
One prominent issue with existing assistive devices is their limited detection range. Products like traditional canes equipped with ultrasonic sensors suffer from this constraint, as they can only detect obstacles within a narrow area directly in front of the user. Consequently, users may encounter obstacles outside this range, leading to potential collisions or accidents.

Furthermore, many assistive devices require cumbersome attachments to regular canes, adding complexity and bulk to the user experience. For instance, add-on sensor modules often disrupt the balance and maneuverability of the cane, making it less comfortable and convenient for users to navigate their surroundings.
Another critical concern revolves around the limited battery life of some assistive devices. While incorporating sophisticated sensor technology and feedback mechanisms, these devices often fall short in terms of battery longevity. Users may find themselves frequently recharging the device, interrupting their daily activities, or risking unexpected power depletion during critical moments.
Moreover, existing devices may provide inadequate or ambiguous feedback to users, hindering their ability to interpret sensory information accurately. Tactile feedback devices, for example, may offer limited feedback options, making it challenging for users to differentiate between various types of obstacles or discern their spatial relationship to the user.
These challenges underscore the pressing need for a more advanced and user-friendly assistive device for the visually impaired. By addressing the limitations of existing solutions, such a device can provide comprehensive support for navigation and mobility, empowering users to navigate their surroundings safely and independently.
The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing assistive devices by providing a cost-effective, feature-rich solution that enhances the independence and overall well-being of visually impaired individuals and describes a multi-directional lidar-based electronic assistive device for enhanced mobility.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of the present invention is to provide visually impaired individuals with a state-of-the-art electronic assistive device that enhances their mobility, safety, and independence;
Further object of the present invention is to provide multi-directional obstacle detection without the need for perpendicular alignment, ensuring that users are alerted to obstacles in all directions;
Further object of the present invention is to be user-friendly and convenient to carry, promoting ease of use and integration into daily routines;
Further object of the present invention is to eliminating the need for attachments to regular canes and offering hassle-free operation, the invention aims to provide a seamless and intuitive solution for visually impaired individual.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present disclosure present technological improvements as solution to one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems recognized by the inventor in conventional practices and existing state of the art.
The present disclosure seeks to describe multi-directional LiDAR-based electronic assistive device for enhanced mobility designed to enhance mobility and safety for visually impaired individuals. The device integrates LiDAR-based multi-directional obstacle detection, haptic and auditory feedback systems, and an energy-efficient battery management system, ensuring a practical, autonomous, and user-friendly navigation aid.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a LiDAR sensor is configured to scan a 360-degree horizontal and 90-degree vertical field, detecting static obstacles (walls, poles), dynamic obstacles (moving objects, pedestrians), and negative obstacles (stairs, curbs, drop-offs). Unlike conventional white canes or ultrasonic sensor-based aids, the LiDAR sensor (111) eliminates the need for perpendicular alignment, offering real-time, multi-directional scanning and adaptive obstacle detection.
According to further aspect of the present invention, an ATmega328P microcontroller unit (MCU) (101) processes incoming LiDAR data, adjusting the scanning frequency based on user movement speed to optimize power consumption while ensuring accurate obstacle detection. The MCU also controls the multi-sensory feedback system, consisting of a vibration motor, a buzzer, and an optional LED indicator. The vibration motor delivers real-time tactile alerts, with variable intensity patterns based on the proximity and nature of detected obstacles. For example, a steady vibration indicates static objects, while pulsing alerts signify moving obstacles, and rapid pulses warn of sudden drop-offs. The buzzer serves as a secondary alert system, emitting different tones for battery level indications and critical obstacle warnings. The optional LED indicator provides visual feedback, making the device accessible to users with partial vision impairment.
The device is powered by a high-capacity rechargeable lithium-ion battery, capable of delivering over 100 days of continuous operation on a single charge. The battery management system (BMS) incorporates fast-charging technology, enabling a full recharge in approximately 25 minutes. To maximize efficiency, the device includes an automatic power-saving mode, where the system enters a low-power standby state when no obstacles are detected. Additionally, the battery system is equipped with overcharge and overheating protection circuits, ensuring reliability and long-term durability.
Housed in a compact, ergonomic, and weather-resistant casing, the device is designed for handheld operation, making it portable and easy to use. The shock-resistant and dustproof construction ensures durability in outdoor environments, while the ergonomic grip enhances usability for individuals with limited dexterity.
A significant advantage of this invention is its ability to function independently of internet connectivity, making it fully operational in both urban and rural environments. Unlike AI-based smart assistive devices that require cloud processing, this device operates entirely offline, ensuring reliability, data security, and usability in any location.
Furthermore, the motion-adaptive sensing mechanism dynamically adjusts LiDAR sensitivity, optimizing detection based on user movement patterns. The device also includes customizable feedback settings, allowing users to adjust vibration intensity and audio alerts according to personal preference.
By integrating LiDAR-based scanning, adaptive real-time processing, and multi-sensory feedback, this invention provides a superior alternative to traditional white canes and ultrasonic sensor-based aids. It ensures enhanced safety, mobility, and independence for visually impaired users, offering a practical, energy-efficient, and highly reliable navigation solution.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, various modifications and alterations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
The objects and the advantages of the invention are achieved by the process elaborated in the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings constitute a part of this specification and illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the following with reference to the drawings, which are for the purpose of illustrating the present preferred embodiments of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention. The same reference numerals in different figures denotes the same elements.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 illustrates a sectional internal view of a multi-directional LiDAR-based electronic assistive device for visually impaired individuals. The outer casing (100) is designed with a protective housing, featuring grooves and ridges for enhanced grip and durability. Internally, the ATmega328P microcontroller (101) serves as the processing unit, managing sensor data and feedback mechanisms. The power management system includes several key components: the DW01A battery protection IC (107) and FS8205A MOSFET (104) work together to prevent overcharging and excessive discharge, while the TP4056 charging module (108) ensures safe and efficient charging via the USB Type-C port (106). The MCP1700T voltage regulator (109) and TL431 SMD (102) provide stable voltage regulation, minimizing energy loss. Additionally, the FDV304P MOSFET (103) offers power switching and reverse polarity protection. A LED indicator (105) is also present for status signaling, likely indicating power and charging states. The compact and efficient design of this device ensures long battery life, safety, and seamless real-time feedback, making it an ideal assistive tool for visually impaired users.
Figure 2 presents an internal sectional view of the multi-directional LiDAR-based electronic assistive device, with a focus on its power management and feedback components. The toggle On/Off button (201) is positioned on the exterior for user accessibility, allowing control over the device’s operation. The buzzer (202) is integrated onto the circuit board, providing audio feedback for alerts and notifications. The 3.7V 32000mAh rechargeable lithium-ion battery (203) is securely housed within the casing and held in place by battery clips (301) to ensure stability and a reliable power supply. The protective casing (204) encases all components, offering structural durability and an ergonomic grip.
This view highlights the device’s compact yet powerful battery system, which ensures an extended operational lifespan, supporting uninterrupted use for visually impaired individuals. The vibration motor (302), ATmega328P microcontroller (101), and other processing units are located beneath the battery, contributing to a streamlined design. Additionally, the USB Type-C charging port (106) allows for efficient recharging, while the TP4056 charging module (108) and FS8205A MOSFET (104) regulate power distribution, ensuring safe and efficient charging cycles. The DW01A protection IC (107), FDV304P MOSFET (103), TL431 SMD (102), and MCP1700T voltage regulator (109) work together to enhance energy efficiency and prevent overvoltage issues. Overall, this diagram showcases the internal structure’s emphasis on reliability, power management, and user-friendly functionality, making it a highly efficient assistive device for the visually impaired.
Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional end view of the multi-directional LiDAR-based electronic assistive device, showcasing the internal arrangement of key components. At the center, the battery clips (301) securely hold the 3.7V lithium-ion battery, ensuring stable power delivery and protection against movement or disconnection. Below the battery, the USB Type-C charging port (106) is positioned for easy access, allowing efficient charging of the device.
Adjacent to the battery, the vibration motor (302) is mounted within the casing. This motor provides tactile feedback to the user, alerting them of obstacles detected by the LiDAR sensor. The placement of the components within a cylindrical enclosure ensures a compact and ergonomic design, maximizing space efficiency while maintaining structural integrity.
The diagram effectively illustrates the robust internal layout, ensuring durability, ease of charging, and seamless haptic feedback for visually impaired users
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following specification describes the invention. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present disclosure are also possible.
The present invention describes a multi-directional LiDAR-based electronic assistive device for enhanced mobility to specifically address the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals. Lidar, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and create detailed, accurate 3D maps of the surroundings.
The said assistive device has been specifically designed to aid visually impaired individuals in navigating their surroundings safely. The device utilizes LiDAR-based obstacle detection, enabling real-time identification of static, dynamic, and negative obstacles without requiring physical contact. Unlike traditional mobility aids such as white canes or ultrasonic sensor-based devices, the present invention provides multi-directional scanning, ensuring that users receive immediate and accurate feedback regarding their environment. The invention further integrates haptic, auditory, and visual feedback mechanisms, offering an intuitive and reliable solution for obstacle avoidance.
The present assistive device (100) is designed for visually impaired individuals, integrating a multi-directional LiDAR-based navigation system with real-time obstacle detection, haptic feedback, and auditory alerts. It features a LiDAR sensor (111) configured for 360-degree horizontal and 90-degree vertical scanning, ensuring comprehensive environmental mapping with an effective detection range of up to 1 meter. The sensor identifies static obstacles such as walls and poles, dynamic obstacles including pedestrians and moving vehicles, and negative obstacles like stairs, curbs, and uneven surfaces. Additionally, it distinguishes between flat surfaces and sudden level changes, triggering specific alerts for drop-offs. The LiDAR sensor functions effectively in low-light environments due to its infrared-based laser pulse system.
The microcontroller unit (MCU) – ATmega328P (101) is responsible for processing real-time sensor data while dynamically adjusting the LiDAR scanning frequency based on user movement speed. It classifies detected obstacles into three categories: static obstacles (fixed structures like walls and furniture), dynamic obstacles (moving objects such as pedestrians and vehicles), and negative obstacles (drop-offs and uneven terrain). The microcontroller also generates feedback responses based on obstacle classification and proximity, ensuring accurate and timely alerts.
The device incorporates a haptic feedback system with a precision vibration motor (302) to provide customizable tactile feedback, ensuring intuitive obstacle awareness. The vibration intensity and pattern dynamically adjust based on the nature of the detected obstacle: constant vibration for static obstacles, pulsing alerts for moving objects, and rapid pulses for drop-offs or sudden terrain changes. This immediate feedback is crucial for user navigation, with a response time of less than 100 milliseconds. Additionally, the drop-off detection mechanism utilizes the LiDAR sensor to differentiate flat surfaces from sudden height variations, triggering a distinct haptic alert pattern when drop-offs are detected, helping users avoid potential hazards.
For auditory feedback, the device includes a mini buzzer (202) that provides battery status notifications upon activation. It emits a single beep for full battery charge, a double beep at 50% battery remaining, and continuous beeping as a low battery warning. In high-risk scenarios, such as imminent collisions, the buzzer synchronizes with the vibration motor to enhance user awareness.
Powering the device is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery (203) optimized for over 100 days of continuous operation per charge. The battery features fast-charging technology, allowing a full recharge within approximately 25 minutes, and an automatic power-saving mode that reduces energy consumption when no obstacles are detected. A USB Type-C charging port (106) ensures fast and universal recharging, improving power management efficiency. The power regulation system is supported by a power management circuit consisting of TP4056 (108), FS8205A (104), DW01A (107), FDV304P (103), TL431 SMD (102), and MCP1700T (109), providing stable power regulation, overcharge protection, and optimized battery performance.
The device is housed in a compact, weather-resistant enclosure (204), ergonomically designed for handheld use, featuring dustproof and water-resistant properties. Its shock-resistant construction ensures durability in outdoor environments, while an ergonomic grip allows easy handling, particularly for users with limited dexterity. A toggle On/Off button (201) provides user-controlled activation and deactivation.
The system operates completely offline, requiring no internet connectivity for real-time obstacle detection and feedback. With a feedback response time of less than 100 milliseconds, the device ensures instantaneous alerts, making it a highly efficient, portable, and reliable assistive tool for visually impaired individuals, significantly enhancing their mobility and safety.
The core functional component of the device is the LiDAR sensor, which emits laser pulses and measures their reflection time to determine the presence and distance of obstacles. The LiDAR sensor (111) operates within a predefined range of approximately 1 meter, scanning a 360-degree horizontal field and a 90-degree vertical field, ensuring comprehensive detection. The device’s infrared-based pulse system enables effective operation in low-light and dark environments, ensuring that visually impaired users receive uninterrupted assistance regardless of lighting conditions. Furthermore, the adaptive scanning mode adjusts the sensor's sensitivity based on the user’s movement speed. If the user is stationary, the scanning frequency is reduced to conserve power, whereas increased movement results in higher-frequency scanning for enhanced detection.
A microcontroller unit (MCU) (101) is operatively connected to the LiDAR sensor (111), processing real-time obstacle data and determining the necessary feedback response. The MCU classifies obstacles into three categories: static obstacles (such as walls or poles), dynamic obstacles (such as pedestrians or moving objects), and negative obstacles (such as stairs or drop-offs). Based on this classification, the MCU triggers the appropriate feedback mechanism. The haptic feedback system, which includes a precision vibration motor, provides varying intensity levels of vibration depending on obstacle proximity. If an obstacle is detected at a greater distance, the vibration is mild, whereas closer obstacles trigger stronger vibrations, allowing the user to gauge the object’s proximity intuitively. Additionally, distinct vibration patterns are assigned for different obstacle types - constant vibrations indicate static obstacles, pulsing vibrations signify moving objects, and rapid pulses warn of drop-offs or stairs.
In addition to haptic alerts, the device includes an audio feedback system in the form of a mini buzzer (202), which serves a dual purpose. First, it provides battery status notifications when the device is powered on, emitting predefined tones corresponding to different battery levels. A single beep indicates a full charge, a double beep signals 50% battery remaining, and continuous beeping alerts the user to a low battery. Second, in high-risk situations, such as rapidly approaching obstacles or imminent collisions, the buzzer synchronizes with the vibration motor to enhance alert urgency, ensuring that the user receives both tactile and auditory cues.
The device is powered by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery (203), designed for extended usage of over 100 days on a single charge. The battery management system (BMS) includes a fast-charging circuit, allowing the device to be fully charged within approximately 25 minutes, significantly reducing downtime. To optimize battery consumption, the device automatically enters a low-power state when no obstacles are detected for a predefined duration. Furthermore, the battery system incorporates overcharge and overheating protection circuits, ensuring safety and reliability.
The entire system is housed within a compact, handheld enclosure, which is ergonomically designed for easy handling. The housing is constructed from shock-resistant and weather-resistant materials, ensuring durability in outdoor environments. The weatherproof casing protects the internal components from dust and water exposure, allowing the device to function reliably in varied conditions. Additionally, the ergonomic grip facilitates comfortable and secure handling, making the device accessible to users with limited dexterity or grip strength.
A notable feature of the present invention is its ability to function in a fully offline mode, eliminating the need for internet connectivity. Unlike AI-based assistive devices that rely on cloud-based processing, this device operates entirely autonomously, making it suitable for both urban and rural environments. The multi-sensory feedback system, which integrates haptic (vibration), and auditory (buzzer) alerts, enhances user awareness and ensures that individuals with partial vision impairment can also benefit from the device’s functionalities.
The invention further incorporates motion-adaptive sensing, allowing the LiDAR sensor (111) to dynamically adjust scanning frequency based on user movement patterns. For instance, when the user is walking at a faster pace, the scanning rate increases to detect obstacles more rapidly, whereas slower movement results in reduced scanning frequency to conserve power. Additionally, the haptic feedback system can be customized, enabling users to adjust vibration intensity settings based on personal preference. This feature allows for enhanced usability, accommodating different levels of sensitivity among users.
In an alternative embodiment, the device may include an LED indicator (105), which provides visual feedback alongside the vibration motor (302). This feature is particularly beneficial for individuals with partial vision, allowing them to receive flashing light alerts when obstacles are detected. The LED indicator (105) may also be synchronized with the buzzer and vibration motor in high-alert scenarios, such as immediate collision risks or rapidly moving obstacles.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes an advanced drop-off detection mechanism, wherein the LiDAR sensor (111) differentiates between level surfaces and sudden height variations. In the case of detecting stairs, curbs, or downward slopes, the MCU triggers a distinct haptic alert pattern to warn the user of potential falling hazards. This feature enhances the device’s ability to assist in navigating urban environments, where uneven terrains and staircases are common obstacles.
To further improve user experience, the present invention incorporates an automatic power-saving mode, reducing energy consumption when the device is not in active use. When no obstacles are detected within a specific period, the MCU minimizes sensor operation, entering a low-power standby mode. This feature ensures that battery life is maximized without compromising usability.
In another embodiment, the vibration motor (302), buzzer (202), and LED indicator (105) operate in a synchronized manner, wherein the alert frequency and intensity increase proportionally to the risk level. For example, if an obstacle rapidly approaches the user, the vibration pulses and buzzer frequency intensify, ensuring that the user is adequately warned in time to take corrective action.
In summary, the present invention offers a technologically advanced, portable, and energy-efficient solution for visually impaired individuals, ensuring safe and independent mobility. By integrating LiDAR-based multi-directional scanning, adaptive real-time processing, and multi-sensory feedback, the invention addresses the limitations of existing assistive mobility devices. The long battery life, compact form factor, and fully offline functionality make this device a practical and highly reliable tool for enhancing the navigation capabilities of visually impaired individuals worldwide.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A multi-directional LiDAR-based electronic assistive device for enhanced mobility for visually impaired individuals, the said assistive device comprising:
- a LiDAR sensor (111) configured for multi-directional obstacle detection, scanning a 360-degree horizontal and 90-degree vertical field, and detecting static, dynamic, and negative obstacles, including walls, moving objects, and drop-offs such as stairs or curbs, with an operational range of up to 1 meter;
- a microcontroller unit (ATmega328P (101)) operatively connected to the LiDAR sensor (111), configured to process real-time distance data, dynamically adjust scanning frequency based on user movement speed, and classify obstacles into distinct categories;
- a haptic feedback system consisting of a vibration motor (302), wherein the vibration intensity is adjusted proportionally based on the detected obstacle’s proximity and classification, including constant vibration for static objects, pulsing alerts for moving objects, and rapid pulses for drop-off;
- a drop-off detection mechanism, wherein the LiDAR sensor (111) detects negative obstacles such as stairs, curbs, and uneven terrain, triggering a distinct haptic alert pattern to differentiate between flat surfaces and sudden level changes;
- an auditory feedback system consisting of a buzzer (202), configured to provide battery status notifications upon activation and critical alerts when the battery level is low, and to synchronize with the vibration motor (302) in high-risk scenarios to enhance user awareness;
- a rechargeable lithium-ion battery (203), capable of providing over 100 days of continuous operation per charge, featuring fast-charging technology enabling a full recharge within approximately 25 minutes, and incorporating an automatic power-saving mode to reduce energy consumption when no obstacles are detected;
- a USB Type-C charging port (106) for fast and convenient recharging, ensuring efficient power management and universal compatibility;
- a compact and weather-resistant housing structure (204), ergonomically designed for handheld use, providing dustproof and water-resistant properties, and incorporating an ergonomic grip for ease of handling by individuals with limited dexterity;
- a toggle On/Off button (201) for user-controlled activation and deactivation of the device;
- a power management circuit consisting of TP4056 (108), FS8205A (104), DW01A (107), FDV304P (103), TL431 SMD (102), and MCP1700T (109) to ensure stable power regulation, overcharge protection, and optimized battery life;
wherein the device operates in a fully offline mode, independent of internet connectivity, ensuring real-time obstacle detection and user feedback without reliance on cloud-based processing and characterized by a feedback response time of less than 100 milliseconds, ensuring instantaneous alerts upon detecting an obstacle.
2. The assistive device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the LiDAR sensor (111) operates on an infrared-based pulse system, enabling accurate obstacle detection in low-light and dark environments.
3. The assistive device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the haptic feedback system is configured to provide adjustable vibration intensity settings, allowing customization based on the user’s preference; issue synchronized alerts through both vibration (302) and buzzer (202) signals in scenarios where immediate collision risks are detected; and utilize a distinct haptic signal for drop-off detection, alerting users to sudden level changes or staircases.
4. The assistive device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the buzzer (202) emits distinct tones corresponding to battery charge levels, including a single beep for full charge; a double beep for 50% charge; continuous beeping for a low battery warning.
5. The assistive device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the motion-adaptive sensing mechanism dynamically modifies LiDAR scanning frequency (111) and vibration feedback strength (302) based on environmental factors and user movement patterns.
6. The assistive device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the drop-off detection mechanism differentiates between flat surfaces and sudden level changes, triggering a distinct haptic alert pattern to warn users of potential falling hazards.
7. The assistive device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the vibration motor (302) and buzzer (202) operate synchronously, increasing alert frequency and intensity in high-risk situations, such as: detecting rapidly approaching obstacles or imminent collisions; differentiating between static obstacles, moving objects, and negative obstacles by issuing different patterns of vibration pulses (302) and buzzer sounds (202).