DESC:BACKGROUND
Technical Field

5 [0001] The embodiments herein generally relate toa carbon mineralization method, and
more particularly, a system and method for preparing carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition
using a geo-bag. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method of capturing and storing
carbon dioxide from the atmosphereusing geo-bags.

Description of the Related Art

10 [0002] In recent years, the significantriseinatmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels has
been identified as a leading cause of climate change on Earth. To mitigate this issue,carbon
mineralization, or carbon sequestration,has emerged as a prominent method. Carbon
mineralization is a process of converting carbon dioxide into solid minerals, such as carbonate,
through a chemical reaction. This reaction occurs when specific types of rocks, such as
15 serpentine, basalt, mafic, ultramafic, etc., are exposed to carbon dioxide, resulting in the
formation of carbonate-enhanced minerals. Hence, the atmospheric CO2 level is stabilized asthe
reacted carbon remains bound within the solid minerals, preventing its release into the
atmosphere. However, it is important to note that this process typically requires several years to
effectively reduce carbon levels in the atmosphere.
20 [0003] Most of the existing carbon sequestration systemsto produce carbonate-enhanced
mineralsutilize indoor techniques, employingan indirect method. For example,
thesesystemsincludea mineral dissolution reactor for mixing various materials. These materials
include magnesium or calcium, which is available in the rocks (e.g. serpentine, olivine, basalt, or

2

labradorite), organic acid, and chelating agents. Through this mixing process, a magnesium or
calcium-rich solvent is synthesized tocapture and store carbon dioxide. Additionally, these
existing systemsinclude a combined biocatalyst and carbonation reactor, along witha control
module for expediting the process of sequestration of carbon. However, the current indoor
5 technique requires a more complicated arrangement and entails higher costs.

[0004] Accordingly, there remains a need for a more simple and direct approach to
capture and store the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a reduced economic level and to
produce a carbonated enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag.

SUMMARY

10 [0005] In view of a foregoing, an embodiment herein provides a method for preparing a
carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag. The method includes i) collecting
and crushing rocks into small particles, using a rock crushing unit; ii) Extracting acetic acid

compound from biomass, using an organic acid extraction unit; iii) Synthesizing a carbon-
sequestration substrate using a reactor by mixing 70% to 90% weight/weight (w/w) of the

15 crushed rocks with 10% to 30% weight/volume (w/v) of the acetic acid compound under
predefined mixing conditions. The carbon-sequestration substrate is filled into geo-bags to
prepare carbon-sequestration packages. The geo-bag includes an eco-friendly material that only
permits water and air to pass through while retaining the substrate. The geo-bag consists of a
thickness ranging from 50 microns to 3 millimeters; iv) synthesizing a carbonate-enhanced

20 nutrition composition from the carbon-sequestration substrate by subjecting the carbon-
sequestration packages to a rock-carbonation period at an operating location to capture

atmospheric carbon dioxide. The geo-bag acts as a structural member providing a high surface
area-to-volume ratio to optimize carbon dioxide capture resulting in 15 to 130 times enhanced
carbonation efficiency.

3

[0006] In some embodiments, the crushed rocks include at least one of olivine, dunite,
ultramafic, basalt, serpentine, and/or a combination thereof. The crushed rocks include a particle
size below 5 mm.
[0007] In some embodiments, the predefined mixing conditions include a mixing
5 temperature ranging from 25°C to 30°C and an atmospheric pressure ranging from 1 atm to 2
atm.
[0008] In some embodiments, the carbon-sequestration substrate includes a concentration
level ranging from 400 parts per million (ppm) to 450 ppm, a moisture content ranging from
25% to 95% of rock weight and a pH value ranging from 2.5 to 3.5.

10 [0009] In some embodiments, the geo-bag includes at least one of the geotextiles, high-
density polyethylene (HDPE), and/or a combination thereof.

[0010] In some embodiments, the rock-carbonation period ranges from 2 years to 5 years.

[0011] In some embodiments, the organic acid component is extracted using an electro-
microbial production (EMP) technique from the biomass. The biomass is generated from the

15 decomposition of at least one of the organic municipal wastes, microalgae, industrial organic
wastes, agricultural wastes, and/or a combination thereof.
[0012] In some embodiments, the operating location includes at least one farming land, a
construction site, and an outdoor environment.
[0013] In some embodiments, the method includes extracting high-value materials from
20 the carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition, wherein the high-value materials include at least
one of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, potash, phosphate, heavy metals, and/or a
combination thereof.
[0014] In some embodiments, the carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition is used as

4

fertilizer in agriculture and/or as M-sand in the construction field.
[0015] .In some embodiments, the refill docking platform includes a connection part that
is configured to hold the refill cartridge in an invertedly upright position to enable the flow of the
substance from the refill cartridge to the bottom of the primary compartment.
5 [0016] The method of preparing a carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition of the
present description includes a more direct approach for capturing and storing carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere using the geo-bag. The direct approach represents the geo-bag that includes
a simple configuration used in an outdoor environment for capturing and storing carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere. Such a simple configuration of geo-bag eliminates the need for a
10 complicated arrangement of the carbon dioxide sequestration system used in the existing system.
The geo-bag includes improved measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) by enclosing
the first mixture in a high surface area to volume ratio and staking in vertical layers to hold the
first mixture, and the geo-bag acts as a structural member to produce a carbonate enhanced
nutrition composition at a lower economical level. Such carbonate-enhanced nutrition
15 composition includes high economic value materials, which can be used as a fertilizer for
agricultural fields or building construction material, e.g. M-sand.
[0017] These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated and
understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the
accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions,
20 while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way
of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the
scope of the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments
herein include all such modifications.

5

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following detailed
description with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0019] FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates a systemforpreparing a carbonate-
5 enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag according to some embodiments herein;

[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates a process of preparing a carbonate-enhanced nutrition
composition using a geo-bag according to some embodiments herein;

[0021] FIGS. 3A- 3Bareflow diagrams that illustratea method of preparing a carbonate-
enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag according to some embodiments herein; and

10 [0022] FIGS. 4A – 4D are graphical representations that illustrate an X-ray fluorescence
(XRF) analysis of dunite and basalt rock samples before and after carbonization process carried
out using the method as described in FIGS. 3A-3B of the present disclosure according to some
embodiments herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

15 [0023] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details
thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description.Descriptions
of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily
obscure the embodiments herein.The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an
20 understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable
those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein.Accordingly, the examples should not
be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[0024] In the view of the foregoing, the need for a system and methodfor producing

6

carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag is in the ongoing description.
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 4D, where similar
reference characters denote corresponding features in a consistent manner throughout the figures,
there are shown preferred embodiments.

5 [0025] FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates a system 100for preparing a carbonate-
enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag according to some embodiments herein.The

system 100 includesa rock crushing unit 102, an urban organic wastage collection unit 104, an
organic acid extraction unit 106, a reactor 108, a conveyor unit 110, and a geo-bag 112.The rock
crushing unit 102 receives rocks from a source station for compressing and breaking the rocks
10 into small particles. In some embodiments, the source station may be a quarry or a mining area,
and the rock is extracted using explosives or mechanical excavators to remove the rock from the
ground. The rock crushing unit 102 may include an input unit, a series of crushing and screening
units, a transporting unit, and a storage area. The input unit may include a hopper for feeding the
rocks and is passed through the series of crushing and screening units for compressing and
15 breaking the rocks into desiredsizes to obtain crushed rocks. The crushed rocks are forwarded to
the transporting unit. The transporting unit may include a conveyor belt that carries the crushed
rocks to the storage area or an end location. In some embodiments, the crushing and screening
unit includes but is not limited to a jaw crusher, a cone crusher, an impact crusher, a gyratory
crusher, a ball mill crusher, a feeder breaker, a roll crusher, or a combination thereof.
20 [0026] The reactor 108 is connected to the rock crushing unit 102 for receiving the
smaller particles of crushed rocks. The urban organic wastage collection unit 104 receives
municipal waste and is connected to the organic acid extraction unit 106 to produce organic
acidcomponents through an electro-microbial process (EMP). The urban organic wastage

7

collection unit 104 collects and stores organic waste, including municipal solid waste, industrial
organic wastes, and or agricultural wastes to produce a biomass material. The biomass material
may be produced using a microbial technique.
[0027] The reactor 108 is connected to the organic acid extraction unit 106 to mix the
5 organic acid componentthat is extracted from a biomass materialwith the crushed rocks to
prepare a carbon-sequestration substrate. The organic acid component may be selected from the
group consisting of but not limited to acetic acid, citric acid, 2,5- diketo-gluconic acid, gluconic
acid, levulinic acid, furfural acid, lactic acid, formic acid, or 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)
or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the organic acid component is Gluconic
10 acid,which is non-toxic and mild, is used to accelerate the weathering or mineralization process
of rocks by capturing CO2 from the atmosphere.In some embodiments, the organic acid
component is extracted by a liquefaction reaction of biomass under supercritical conditions. The
liquefaction reaction of biomass under supercritical conditions results in an effective
decomposition of biomass. The supercritical condition may include the addition of water to the
15 biomass and increasing its temperature above the boiling point of the water at which the water
has a high pressure and high concentration of

and ions. Such supercritical conditions

help the conversion of liquefied biomass into cellulose-derived monosaccharides. The cellulose-
derived monosaccharide is degraded into some short-chain intermediates in the absence of

oxidant to produce value-added chemicals that includethe organic acid components.The organic
20 acid components may include but are not limited to acetic acid, citric acid, 2,5-diketo-gluconic
acid, gluconic acid, levulinic acid, furfural acid, lactic acid, formic acid or 2,5-furandicarboxylic
acid (FDCA).
[0028] The reactor 108 is configured for mixing about 70% to 90% of weight/weight

8

(w/w) of the crushed rocks and about 10% to 30% weight/volume (w/V) of the organic acid
components to prepare a carbon-sequestration substrate at a predetermined mixing condition.
The predetermined mixing condition may include a mixing temperature ranging from 25°C to
30°C, an atmospheric pressure ranging from 1 atm to 2 atm, and a concentration level of the
5 carbon-sequestration substrate ranging from 400 part per million (ppm) to 450 ppm. The mixing
process is carried out continuously over 2 hours – 48 hours to prepare thecarbon-sequestration
substrate.
[0029] The geo-bag 112 receives the carbon-sequestration substrate from the reactor 108
through a spray head.The carbon-sequestration substrate includes the moisture content ranging
10 from 25% to 95% of rock weight and has a pH value ranging from 2.5 to 3.5.

[0030] The conveyor unit 110 is configured for carrying the carbon-sequestration
substrate to a filling station from the reactor 108. The filling station is provided with the geo-bag
112. In some embodiments, the geo-bag 112 is made up of a material such that the bag allows
only water and air to pass through while trapping the component inside the geo-bag 112. The
15 material may be selected from the group consisting of but not limited to geotextiles, high-density
polyethylene (HPDE),or other such materials. The geo-bag 112 can be fabricated with specific
thicknesses, fiber density, and specific raw materials. The geo-bag 112 includes a thickness
ranging from 50 microns to 3 millimeters (mm). The geo-bag 112 is made from eco-friendly
materials that do not decompose over the rock carbonation period, allow selective exchange of
20 material between the bag contents and the environment, and allow retrieval of crushed rock post
the carbonation period.
[0031] The geo-bag 112 is filled with the carbon-sequestration substrate to prepare a
carbon-sequestration package. In some embodiments, the geo-bag 112 is filled by dispensing the

9

carbon-sequestration substratethrough a sand spray head that is arranged in the reactor 108. The
dispensation of the carbon-sequestration substrateis controlled from the reactor 108 in the
thickness of 1 cm to 12 inches at rates of 40-200 tons/hr.
[0032] The carbon-sequestration packages are transferred to an operating location using a
5 transportation medium. The transportation medium may be a conveyor belt, truck, or manual
process.
[0033] The carbon-sequestration packages are allowed for a rock carbonation period in
the operating location by stacking or burying the packages in the operating location. The rock
carbonation period may be 2-5 years.The carbon-sequestration substratein a package is enabled
10 to capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert thecarbon-sequestration
substrateinto a carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition.Thereby, the concentration level of
CO2 in the atmosphere is reduced. The carbonate-enhanced nutrition compositionincludes high
economic value materials, including but not limited to calcium carbonate, potash, phosphate, and
heavy metals.
15 [0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a process 200 for preparing a carbonate-enhanced nutrition
composition using a geo-bag according to some embodiments herein. The process 200 includes a
stone crusher 202, a sand grinding ball mill 204, a conveyor unit 206, and a geo-bag 208. The
stone crusher 202includes a series of cone crushing units and an automatic feeding arrangement
for receiving rock from a source station (e.g.mining area or quarry)for compressing and breaking
20 the rocks into small particles to obtain crushed rocks. The sand grinding ball mill 204 receives
the crushed rocks from thestone crusher 202 and mixes the crushed rocks with an organic acid
component at a predetermined mixing condition to prepare a carbon-sequestration substrate. The
organic acid component is extracted from biomass using an organic acid extraction unit. The

10

conveyor unit 206 carries the carbon-sequestration substrateto a filling station from the sand
grinding ball mill 204. The filling station is provided withthe geo-bag 208, whichis made up of a
material such that the bag allows only water and air to pass through while trapping the
component inside the geo-bag 208.The geo-bag 208 is filled with the carbon-sequestration
5 substrateto prepare a carbon-sequestration package. The packages are transported to an operating
location using a transportationmedium. The packages are stacked or buried fora rock carbonation
period in the operating location to capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere resulting in
the conversion of the carbon-sequestration substrateinto a carbonate-enhanced nutrition
composition. Such carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition includes high economic value
10 materials including but not limited to calcium carbonate, potash, phosphate, and heavy metals.

[0035] FIGS. 3A-3B are flow diagrams that illustrate a method of preparing a carbonate-
enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag according to some embodiments herein. At step

302, the method includes receiving the rocks from the ground and preparing the crushed rocks by
compressing and breaking the rocks into small particles using the rock crushing unit. The
15 crushed rocks include a particle size below 5 mm.

[0036] At step 304, the method includes collecting and storing organic wastes using the
urban organic waste collection unit to produce biomass. The biomass is generated from the
decomposition of at least one of the organic municipal wastes, microalgae, industrial organic
wastes, agricultural wastes, and/or a combination thereof. The biomass material may be
20 produced using a microbial technique.

[0037] At step 306, the method includes extracting an organic acid component from the
biomass using the organic acid extraction unit. The organic acid component may be extracted
using an electro-microbial production (EMP) technique. The organic acid component may be

11

selected from the group consisting of but not limited to acetic acid, citric acid, 2,5- diketo-
gluconic acid, gluconic acid, levulinic acid, furfural acid, lactic acid, formic acid, or 2,5-

Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the organic
acid component is Gluconic acid,which is non-toxic and mild, is used to accelerate the
5 weathering or mineralization process of rocks by capturing CO2 from the atmosphere.

[0038] At step 308, the method includes mixing the crushed rocks in a concentration
ranging from 70% to 90% of weight/weight (w/w) and the organic acid component in a
concentration ranging from 10% to 30% weight/volume (w/V) to prepare a carbon-sequestration
substrate at a predetermined mixing condition using the reactor. The predetermined mixing
10 condition may include a mixing temperature ranging from 25°C to 30°C, an atmospheric
pressure ranging from 1 atm to 2 atm, and a concentration level of the carbon-sequestration
substrate ranging from 400 part per million (ppm) to 450 ppm. The mixing process is carried out
continuously over a few hours to a few days of the period to prepare the carbon-sequestration
substrate. In some embodiments, the carbon-sequestration substrate includes the moisture content
15 ranging from 25% to 95% of rock weight and pH value ranging from 2.5 to 3.5.

[0039] At step 310, the method includes preparing the geo-bagusing an eco-friendly
material that allows selective exchange of material between the bag contents and the
environment. The geo-bag does not decompose over the rock carbonation period and allows

retrieval of a carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition during the carbonation period. The geo-
20 bagis made up of a material such that the bag allows only water and air to pass through while

trapping the component inside the geo-bag. The material may be selected from the group
consisting of but not limited to geotextiles, high-density polyethylene (HPDE), or other such
materials. The geo-bag 112 can be fabricated with specific thicknesses, fiber density, and

12

specific raw materials. The geo-bag 112 includes a thickness ranging from 50 microns to 3
millimeters (mm).
[0040] At step 312, the method includes filling the carbon-sequestration substrate, using
a sand spray head arranged in the reactor, into the geo-bagto prepare a carbon-sequestration
5 package. The packages are transported to an operating location using a transportation medium.
The transportation medium may be a conveyor belt, a truck, or a manual process.
[0041] At step 314, the method includes allowing the carbon-sequestration packages at a
rock carbonation period in the operating location to capture the carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. The packages are stacked or buried in the operating location at the rock carbonation
10 period to capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, resulting in the conversion of the
carbon-sequestration substrate into a carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition, thereby
reducing environmental CO2 level in the atmosphere. The rock carbonation period may include
2-5 years. In some embodiments, the operating location is a forming land, construction site, or
any other outdoor environment. The carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition is further
15 processed to extract high economic value materials, including but are not limited to calcium
carbonate, potash, phosphate, and heavy metals.
[0042] TABLE 1 illustrates an approximate concentration level of high-value materials
present in the carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition prepared using the method as described
in FIG. 3 of the proposed disclosure.
20 [0043] TABLE 1:

Material Concentration level in percentage

Potassium (K2O) 0.2 %
Phosphate (P2O5) 0.4%

13
Chromium 0.7%
Nickel 0.7%
CaCO3 4%
[0044] TABLE 2 illustrates experimental results validating the efficiency of the
carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition prepared using the method described in FIG. 3 of the
present disclosure. The experiments are conducted to accelerate carbonation within a controlled
environment, optimizing specific parameters to enhance carbon sequestration efficiency. The
5 study evaluates carbonation performance under varying pH levels and particle sizes to identify
the most effective conditions for CO2 mineralization.
[0045] TABLE 2:

Samples

Carbonization efficiency (%)
Experiment A
pH - 2.5 to 3.5
Rock Size - < 5 mm

Experiment B
pH - 6.0 to 6.5
rock - < 300 microns
Dunite 60.77 22.7
Basalt 14.33 7.5
[0046] The above tabulation shows the experimental setup includes two different
conditions: Experiment A is conducted at a pH range of 2.5 to 3.5 with crushed rock samples of
10 less than 5 mm, while Experiment B is conducted at a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 with a finer particle
size of less than 300 microns. The process is carried out within a temperature range of 25°C to
30°C, in a background bath of acetic acid, ensuring an optimized environment for carbonation.
[0047] The results demonstrated significant differences in carbonation efficiency
between the two experimental setups. Dunite samples exhibited a carbonation efficiency of

14

60.77% in Experiment A (pH 2.5 to 3.5, rock size <5 mm), and the efficiency dropped to 22.7%
in Experiment B (pH 6.0 to 6.5, rock size<300 microns). Similarly, basalt samples showed a
carbonation efficiency of 14.33% in Experiment A, which reduced to 7.5% in Experiment B. The
experimental results demonstrate that lower pH values and larger particle sizes enhanced
5 carbonation particularly at the optimized conditions including pH 2.5 to 3.5 and the rock size is
<5 mm.
[0048] The experiment resultsdemonstrate that the carbonation efficiency is increased 15
to 130 times higher thanthe natural carbonation process with the optimized conditions, including
pH value ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 and the rock Size, includes less than 5 mm. These results
10 validate the technical feasibility and efficiency gains of the method described in FIG. 3 of the
proposed disclosure, confirming that the integration of crushed ultramafic and basaltic rocks,
organic acid-based substrates, and a controlled carbonation process significantly enhances CO2
capture and mineralization efficiency.
[0049] FIGS. 4A – 4D are graphical representations that illustrate an X-ray fluorescence
15 (XRF) analysis of dunite and basalt rock samples before and after carbonization process carried
out using the method as described in FIGS.3A-3Bof the present disclosure according to some
embodiments herein. The analysis shows the elemental compositions of dunite and basalt
samples before and after carbonization process. FIGS. 4A – 4B are graphical representations
illustrating the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of dunite rock samples before and after
20 carbonization process carried out using the method as described in FIGS.3A-3B of the present
disclosure. In the graph: (i) x-axis represents the high valued materials present in the duniterock
samples; (ii) the y-axis represents concentration of materials before and after before and after
carbonization process; (iii) R – represents the concentration level of high valued materials

15

present in the raw dunite rock samples; (iv) A – represents the concentration level of high valued
materials present in the dunite rock samples after carbonization process carried out at the
optimized condition including pH 2.5 to 3.5 and the rock size is <5 mm; and (v) B – represents
the concentration level of high valued materials present in the dunite rock samples after
5 carbonization process carried out under the condition including pH value ranging from 6.0 to 6.5
and the rock size including <300 microns. The results indicate that dunite samples subjected to
carbonization under optimized conditions (pH 2.5–3.5, rock size <5 mm) exhibit an enhanced
concentration of high-value materials compared to raw dunite samples and those carbonized
under non-optimized conditions (pH 6.0–6.5, rock size <300 microns).
10 [0050] FIGS. 4C – 4D are graphical representations illustrating the X-ray fluorescence
(XRF) analysis of basalt rock samples before and after carbonization process carried out using
the method as described in FIGS.3A-3B of the present disclosure. In the graph: (i) x-axis
represents the high valued materials present in the basalt rock samples; (ii) the y-axis represents
concentration of materials before and after before and after carbonization process; (iii) R –
15 represents the concentration level of high valued materials present in the raw basalt rock
samples; (iv) A – represents the concentration level of high valued materials present in the basalt
rock samples after carbonization process carried out at the optimized condition including pH 2.5
to 3.5 and the rock size is <5 mm; and (v) B – represents the concentration level of high valued
materials present in the basalt rock samples after carbonization process carried out under the
20 condition including pH value ranging from 6.0 to 6.5 and the rock size including <300 microns.
The results indicate that basalt samples subjected to carbonization under optimized conditions
(pH 2.5–3.5, rock size <5 mm) exhibit an enhanced concentration of high-value materials
compared to raw basalt samples and those carbonized under non-optimized conditions (pH 6.0–

16

6.5, rock size <300 microns). The higher retention and conversion efficiency of valuable
elements under optimized carbonation conditions confirm that the process facilitates effective
mineralization and enhances sequestration efficiency.
[0051] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the
5 general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily
modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from
the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended
to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments.
It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of
10 description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described
in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments
herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope. ,CLAIMS:I/We Claim:
1. A method for preparing a carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition using a geo-bag (112)
wherein the method comprising:
5 i) Collecting and crushing rocks into small particles, using a rock crushing unit (102);
ii) Extracting acetic acid compound from biomass, using an organic acid extraction unit;
iii) Synthesizing a carbon-sequestration substrate, using a reactor (108) by
Characterized in that,
a) mixing 70% to 90% weight/weight (w/w) of the crushed rocks with 10% to
10 30% weight/volume (w/v) of the acetic acid compound under predefined mixing

conditions; and

b) filling the carbon-sequestration substrate into the geo-bag (112) to prepare

carbon-sequestration packages, wherein the geo-bag (112) comprises an eco-
friendly material that permits only water and air to pass through while retaining

15 the substrate inside, wherein the geo-bag (112) comprises a thickness ranging

from 50 microns to 3 millimeters;

iv) synthesizing a carbonate-enhanced nutrition composition from the carbon-
sequestration substrate by subjecting the carbon-sequestration packages to a rock-
carbonation period at an operating location to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide;

20 wherein the geo-bag (112) acts as a structural member providing a high surface area-to-

18

volume ratio to optimize carbon dioxide capture resulting 15 to 130 times enhanced
carbonation efficiency.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushed rocks comprise at least one of olivine,
dunite, ultramafic, basalt, serpentine, and/or a combination thereof, wherein the crushed rocks
5 comprises of a particle size below 5 mm.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predefined mixing conditions comprise a
mixing temperature ranging from 25°C to 30°C and an atmospheric pressure ranging from 1 atm
to 2 atm.

10

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon-sequestration substrate comprises a
concentration level ranging from 400 part per million (ppm) to 450 ppm, a moisture content
ranging from 25% to 95% of rock weight and has a pH value ranging from 2.5 to 3.5.

15 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the geo-bag (112) comprises at least one of
geotextiles, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and/or a combination thereof.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rock-carbonation period ranges from 2 years to
5 years.

19

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid component is extracted using an

electro-microbial production (EMP) technique from the biomass; wherein the biomass is
generated from the decomposition of at least one of organic municipal wastes, microalgae,
5 industrial organic wastes, agricultural wastes, and/or a combination thereof.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating location comprises at least one of
farming land, a construction site, an outdoor environment.

10 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises extracting high-value
materials from the carbonate-enhanced composition, wherein the high-value materials comprise
at least one of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, potash, phosphate, heavy metals and/or
a combination thereof.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonate-enhanced composition is used as
15 fertilizer in agriculture and/or as M-sand in the construction field.

Dated this March 07th, 2025

Arjun Karthik Bala
(IN/PA 1021)
Agent for Applicant