DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to synergistic fungicidal composition comprising triazole fungicide and strobilurin fungicide and other agrochemical auxiliaries.
The present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal suspension concentrate composition comprising of a triazole fungicide and a strobilurin fungicide in different percentages.
The present invention specifically relates to synergistic fungicidal composition comprising combination of a) myclobutanil and b) trifloxystrobin and other agrochemical auxiliaries.
The present invention more specifically relates to synergistic fungicidal suspension concentrate composition comprising a) myclobutanil and b) trifloxystrobin, a wetting agent, dispersing agent, antifreezing agent, viscosity modifying agent, deformer, and other agrochemical auxiliaries.
The present invention also relates to the process for the preparation of synergistic fungicidal composition thereof and use of this combination for combating plant pathogenic fungi in and on the seeds and plants at different growth stages of crop for protection and enhanced yields and quality
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crop protection is the practice of protecting the crop yields from pests, weeds, plant diseases, and other organisms that damage agricultural crops, which is critical from early stages of crop development. Preventing pests and diseases in the entire crop cycle, i.e., from root development to maturing crop, leads to increased crop quality and yield. The control of plant diseases caused by fungi is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Plant diseases cause significant damage to vegetables, fields, cereal, fruit and other crops, leading to reduction in productivity, yield and quality of the crops. Fungicides help to minimize this damage by controlling plant pathogenic fungi. The use of two or more appropriate active ingredient combinations in specific dose ratios leads to synergism in crop protection. In addition to this, often highly destructive plant diseases can be difficult to control and may develop resistance to commercial fungicides. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but there is still a continues need to develop new fungicidal combinations which are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer and have different sites of action.
The biggest challenge in the field of crop protection is to reduce the dosage rate of active ingredients to diminish or circumvent environmental or toxicological effects without compromising on effective crop protection against pathogenic fungi, in addition to long lasting and broad-spectrum protection from plant diseases. Another challenge is to reduce the excessive application of solo chemical compounds or fungicides which invariably help in rapid selection of pathogenic fungi and aid in developing natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question.
Therefore, it is indeed necessary to use the fungicidal combination in lower doses, fast acting with the different modes of action that can provide long lasting control against broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi and check the resistance development in fungi. The composition should have high synergistic action, no cross resistance to existing fungicides, avoid excess loading of the toxicant to the environment and negligible impact to environmental safety. Thus, there is a need for synergistic fungicidal combinations which could be physico-compatible formulations in the form of storage stability, safe packaging and ready to use formulations.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is a primary objective of the present invention to provide a stable agrochemical formulation.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a stable synergistic fungicidal suspension concentrate formulation comprising myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide stable synergistic fungicidal suspension concentrate formulation comprising myclobutanil, and trifloxystrobin at least one dispersing agent.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a process for preparation of a stable synergistic fungicidal suspension concentrate formulation comprising myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure / specification refers to a synergistic fungicidal or pesticidal composition and the process for the preparation for crop protection.
The term “combination” can be replaced with the words “mixture” or “composition” or “Formulation” defined or refers to as combining two or more active ingredients formulated in desired formulations.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.
The term “pesticide” as used in this specification refers to a substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest or weeds which causes damage to the crop. Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides are mainly used as pesticides which control weeds and insect pests and disease-causing pathogens respectively that eventually leads to high yield of crops.
The term “fungicide” also called antimycotic, as used in this specification refers to a type of chemical compound or substance specifically designed to protect crops and kill or inhibit the growth of fungi and their spores that cause economic damage to crop, ornamental plants or endanger the health of domestic animals or humans.
The term “synergism” as used in this specification refers to the interaction between two or more active compounds or other factors to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. The present invention involves the mixture of two active ingredients which has increased efficacy when compared to individual use and admixture of those components.
We found that this objective in part or complete can be achieved by the combination of active compounds defined at the outset. Thus, the present inventors have intensively studied to solve these problems and found that by combining fungicidal composition having myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin in different formulation and percentages have astonishing effects in controlling fungi and by reducing the amount of dosage than in a case of using an active compound alone.
Therefore, the present invention provides a novel synergistic fungicidal composition with myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin and purpose thereof. The synergy of this fungicidal composition having myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin, with dual mode of action by disruption of ergo sterol biosynthesis pathway inhibition of fungal cell wall biogenesis and inhibition of ubiquinol oxidase at Qo site and can generate efficient synergism and can enable broad spectrum satisfactory disease control from soil borne, seed borne and foliar plant diseases for prolonged period at lower dose, powered by preventive, curative and systemic activity, rain fastness, vapour activity and phyto-tonic effect.
The present invention involves the mixture of two active ingredients which are classified under triazole fungicide and strobilurin fungicide are described herein thereof.
Triazole fungicides are systemic fungicides that work by inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterols specifically ergosterol, which is a vital component of the fungal cell membrane. This inhibition disrupts the cell membrane structure, leading to the death of the fungus. Myclobutanil is classified as triazole fungicide.
Myclobutanil (IUPAC name: 2-((1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl) hexanenitrile, Molecular formula: C15H17ClN4, ¬Molecular weight: 288.77 g/mol) is a broad spectrum systemic and effective fungicide that will translocate into new growth with curative, preventative and protective effects against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. It belongs to a substituted triazole chemical class of compound used in several crops and ornamental plants to control diseases like rust, powdery mildew, and canker etc. caused by fungi. Myclobutanil is a sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI fungicide) specifically inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. Ergosterol is a critical component of fungal cell membranes.
Strobilurins are QoI (Quinone outside Inhibitor) fungicides belong to ß- methoxyacrylate class derived from naturally occurring strobilurin A. Strobilurins act by binding to the Qo site of mitochondrial respiratory complex III and blocking electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 across the membrane, which inhibits the ubiquinol oxidase. This results in loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis which inhibits cellular respiration. These fungicides have proven to be effective against a wide range of plant pathogens and are commonly used to safeguard crops from diseases that can significantly impact yield and quality. Trifloxystrobin is classified as a strobilurin fungicide.
Trifloxystrobin (IUPAC name: methyl (2E)-2-methoxyimino-2-[2-[[(E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]acetate, Molecular formula: C20H19F3N2O4, Molecular weight: 408.4 g/mol) is a foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes. It has a broad spectrum of action with preventative and curative properties for control of many important plant diseases. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration causing electron transport blockage in the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III of electron transport chain).
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention controls different groups of fungi selected from ascomycota, deuteromycota, basidiomycota and oomycota on a wide variety of crops.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention is also used in seed treatment to protect against diseases which impair good seed germination and seedling development.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention controls many diseases in plants which include but not limited to leaf spot, blight, dollar spot, rusts, scab, powdery mildew, downy mildew, net blotch, blight, summer patch, brown patch, stem canker, damping-off and rot etc.
In one embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
trifloxystrobin; and
at least one block co-polymer
In one aspect of the present embodiment, myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin are present in the weight ratio of (1-10): (10-1).
In another embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
trifloxystrobin;
at least one block co-polymer; and
at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
Wherein, the agriculturally acceptable excipient of the present invention can be selected from but not limited to liquid medium, surfactants, stabilizer, anti-freezing agent, anti-foaming agents, anticaking agent, dispersing agents, adjuvant, and antibacterial agents. These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements, and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
In one aspect of the present embodiment, liquid medium acts as a carrier for the active ingredients and provides a stable environment for suspension selected from but not limited to inorganic and organic solvents.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, surfactant includes wetting agent and emulsifier.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, wetting agent is selected from but not limited to block copolymers.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, the block copolymers selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), butyl based block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), acrylic graft copolymer, poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG).
Further aspect of the present embodiment, stabilizer includes antioxidants, chelating agents, pH adjusters, UV absorber, stabilizing polymers, and inert filler.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and urea.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, antifoaming agents selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams and fatty acid-based antifoams.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum arabic and carbomer and/or their comb polymers; preferably poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene glycol comb polymer.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to spreader, sticker, penetrant, drift control agent, preservative, buffering agent, thickener, compatibility agent, binder and safener.
According to the present embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains a disintegration agent selected from sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, micro fibrillated cellulose, and sodium sulphate (anhydrous).
Further aspect of the present embodiment, thickener selected from but not limited to polysaccharides/carboxymethyl cellulose/bentonite clay, hydroxy propyl cellulose montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminium silicate and attapulgite.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, antibacterial agent selected from but not limited to triclosan, triclocarban, clotrimazole, miconazole, copper-based compounds, chlorothalonil, benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT) and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (DBSA).
In yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
trifloxystrobin;
liquid medium;
wetting agent;
antifreezing agent;
antifoaming agent;
dispersing agent;
adjuvant; and
antibacterial agent.
In one aspect of the present embodiment, synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a combination of myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin; wherein the myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin are present in the amount of (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the amount of (1-10): (1-20).
In another embodiment of the present invention, provided a synergistic composition for crop production management, comprising of myclobutanil in an amount in the range of 1-15% by weight, trifloxystrobin in an amount in the range of 1-25% by weight and at least one block co-polymer in an amount in the range of 0.5-10% by weight.
In another embodiment of the present invention, provided a synergistic composition for crop production management, preferably comprising of myclobutanil in an amount in the range of 5-15% by weight, trifloxystrobin in an amount of 10-25% by weight and at least one block co-polymer in an amount in the range of 0.5-5% by weight.
In another aspect of the present embodiment, agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to liquid medium, wetting agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foaming agents, dispersing agents, adjuvant, and antibacterial agents. These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements, and which will facilitate in the preparation desired formulations.
In yet another aspect of the present embodiment, liquid medium acts as a carrier for the active ingredients and provides a stable environment for suspension selected form but not limited to inorganic and organic solvents.
In yet another aspect of the present embodiment, surfactant includes wetting agent and emulsifiers.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, wetting agents are selected from but not limited to block copolymers.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, the block copolymers selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), butyl based block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), acrylic graft copolymer, poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG); preferably butyl based block copolymer or acrylic graft copolymer.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and urea, preferably propylene glycol.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, antifoaming agents selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams and fatty acid-based antifoams; preferably alkyl siloxane-based antifoams; more preferably siloxane polyalkyleneoxide.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum arabic and carbomer and/or their comb polymers; preferably poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene glycol comb polymer.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to spreader, sticker, penetrant, drift control agent, preservative, buffering agent, thickener, compatibility agent, binders and safener.
According to the present embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains a disintegration agent selected from sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, micro fibrillated cellulose, and sodium sulphate (anhydrous); Preferably micro fibrillated cellulose.
Further aspect of the present embodiment, antibacterial agent selected from but not limited to triclosan, triclocarban, clotrimazole, miconazole, copper-based compounds, chlorothalonil, benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT) and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (DBSA); preferably benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).
In one another embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
trifloxystrobin; and
at least one block co-polymer;
wherein, block co-polymer is present in an amount of 0.5 - 10% w/w of fungicidal composition. preferably 0.5-5% w/w.
In one aspect of the present embodiment, synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a combination of myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin; wherein myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin are present in the amount of (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the amount of (1-10): (1-20).
In another aspect of the present embodiment, the composition of fourth embodiment comprising at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient there of which is / are used in preparation desired formulation.
In another aspect of the present embodiment, the composition of fourth embodiment is formulated as suspension concentrates (SC).
In another embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
trifloxystrobin;
water;
acrylic graft copolymer / butyl based block copolymer;
propylene glycol;
siloxane polyalkyleneoxide;
comb polymer;
polysaccharides; and
benzisothiazolin-3-one.
In one aspect of the present embodiment, synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a combination of myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin; wherein myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin are present in the amount of (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the amount of (1-10): (1-20).
In a further aspect of the present embodiment, the composition of one embodiment is formulated as suspension concentrates (SC).
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a fungicidal formulation comprising:
add water into premix vessel;
add wetting agent, anti-freezing, dispersing agent, anti-bacterial agent and antifoaming agent to the above vessel under continuous stirring;
add myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin to the above slurry and stirred for 30-60 minutes to get homogenous mixture;
after mixing the above material, optionally mill or grind to get the desired particle size of minimum 99% by passing through 500 bss by wet sieving method and remove any oversized particles or agglomerate;
the obtained wet milled slurry particles with size d50 <5 micron material, then transfer into the blender and add thickener 2% gum solution to get desired viscosity; and
mix well until a homogenous mixture is obtained, pack the formulation and seal it.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the fungicidal composition of the present invention used to control fungal diseases in several crops specifically selected from rice, wheat, fruits, roots, tubers, vegetables, maize, grains, sugarcane, cereals, and field crops and for various other pest control requirements.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the fungicidal composition further comprises at least another agrochemical selected from a fungicide, insecticide, herbicide, biocide, nutrient, plant growth regulator, plant activator, fertilizers and likewise.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the fungicidal composition of the present invention shows synergistic effects of better pest control with minimum fungal resistance and improved crop yield and quality.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic fungicidal composition is applied at different stages of crops for preventive, curative, systemic activity by conventional spraying methods, such as foliar applications or soil applications over the target areas of crops at same time avoiding excessive drift or runoff of the composition securing thorough coverage.
Another embodiment of the present invention, synergistic fungicidal combination decreases natural hazardous effect of single active ingredients and minimizes the residue deposition in environment.
Advantages of the Present Invention:
Copolymers mainly butyl-based block copolymers are highly beneficial in suspension concentrate (SC) formulations due to their ability to enhance both physical stability and performance. Their amphiphilic nature combining hydrophobic butyl blocks with hydrophilic segments allows them to effectively stabilize active ingredients by creating a protective layer around particles, preventing clumping and sedimentation. This leads to better dispersion in water and ensures a more uniform and consistent suspension. These copolymers also contribute to optimal viscosity, improving flow and handling during manufacturing and application. By reducing the reliance on multiple surfactants, they help streamline the formulation while minimizing common issues like foaming. Moreover, their ability to improve the distribution of actives on target surfaces can enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of the product. Altogether, butyl-based block copolymers bring versatility, stability, and efficiency to SC formulations, making them a valuable choice in agrochemical development.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention is specifically designed to control fungal diseases in plants by targeting and eliminating the fungal pathogens with dual mode of action of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition and phospholipid biosynthesis inhibition there by enhancing crop health and improve overall yields compare to single component of composition, market standards and admixture of those components.
The novel, innovative and synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention making them versatile and adaptable to different application methods and crops for various agricultural practices. It has quick action on disease control after application. This quick action will help to prevent further disease spread and reduce crop damage
Higher efficacy against broader spectrum of fungicides with different modes of action can be used in rotation or as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy to reduce the risk of developing resistant fungal diseases.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention can also be used in seed treatment which protects harvested crops during storage and transportation, preventing post-harvest diseases and ensuring the quality and marketability of the product.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention minimizes the potential negative effects on the environment and non-target organisms. And which is absorbed by the plant system within two hours of the spray, and it cannot be washed away by the post application rains.
The best mode of carrying out the present invention is described in the below given examples. These examples are merely for illustrative purposes only, not to determine the scope of the invention and in no way limit the scope or spirit of the present invention.
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLE 1: SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (SC) FORMULATION OF SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
TABLE 1:
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Myclobutanil 9.2
2 Trifloxystrobin 16.5
3 acrylic graft copolymer 2.5
4 Propylene Glycol 5
5 Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.5
6 Comb polymer 2.5
7 Polysaccharides 0.3
8 Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1
9 Microfibrillated cellulose 1.5
10 Water QS
Total 100
EXAMPLE 2: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (SC) FORMULATION OF SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Add water, wetting agent, anti-freezing, dispersing agent, anti-bacterial agent, and antifoaming agent into the pre blender in the above-mentioned ratios and mix well until a homogenous mixture is obtained. Add myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin in the above-mentioned ratios into the above mixture and mix well. Optionally mill or grind to get the desired particle size. Then add thickener to the above obtained material mixed well until to get the homogenous mixture with desired viscosity. Preservatives may be added if required, and the formulation is homogenized to ensure uniformity, tested for quality parameters, and packed into suitable containers.
EXAMPLE 3: BIOEFFICACY AND PHYTOTOXICITY TESTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
General Information
Crops Tomato
Chilli
Irrigated / Rainfed Irrigated
Design RBD
No. of treatments 7
No. of replications 3
Plot size 5 m x 5 m
No. of Sprays Three sprays
Spray interval 10 days
Water volume 500 l/ha
Equipment used Knapsack sprayer
Table 1. Treatment details
Treatment No. Treatment Dose
(ml or gm per Ha)
T1 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 400
T2 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 500
T3 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 600
T4 Myclobutanil 10% WP 200
T5 Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 600
T6 Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 350
T7 Untreated check
Method of Observations:
Disease observations: select 5 random plants in the plot and the disease symptoms are scored based on disease rating scale and then the percentage disease index will be calculated.
The observations were taken 1 day before spraying and at 10 Days after spraying.
Take the observation on the crop safety of the fungicide i.e., Phytotoxicity / softener observation of fungicide after application at 5 and 10 Days after application.
Parameters of Observations:
The disease severity is measured by an index, measured as –
Percent disease index (PDI) will be calculated by using following formula –
PDI = (Sum of all disease ratings)/(Total no.of leaves x Maximum disease grade) x 100
The percent reduction is calculated by the following formula –
% Reduction = ( PDI in control plot-PDI in treated plot )/(PDI in control plot)× 100
Colby’s Method: The combined effect of Pesticidal combinations is the sum of their individual effects. Colby’s method is an approach to evaluate the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects due to the interactions of two pesticides as a combination.
Colby’s method calculates expected response and a ratio is calculated between expected response and observed response.
The formula for expected response is as follows-
E = (A+B) - ((A*B)/100)
A represents pesticide A and B represents pesticide 2.
The observed response is the actual percent control achieved
Colby’s ratio = Observed response (O)/Expected response (E).
If the ratio is,
< 1 = Antagonistic effect
= Additive effect
> 1 = Synergistic effect
The effect of these fungicides in combination and alone when applied on crops were assessed based on the yield (quintal per hectare). This parameter defines the crop quality.
Results:
The fungicide combinations of Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC were effective against wide range of diseases, so the different diseases controlled in different crops in the field experiments were enlisted below,
Tomato – Early Blight (Alternaria solani)
Chilli – Powdery Mildew (Leveillula taurica); Anthracnose (Colletotricum capsica)
Example – 1: TOMATO - EARLY BLIGHT
Table 2. Efficacy of Fungicide Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC Combinations against Early Blight Disease Incidence on Tomato Crop
T No. Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Percent Disease Incidence % Reduction in PDI after 3 sprays Colby’s Ratio
Pre 1 2 3
T1 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 400 12.82 5.47 7.31 8.40 73.76 1.06
T2 Myclobutanil 9.2%+ Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 500 12.97 1.13 5.57 5.33 83.33 1.20
T3 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 600 13.04 0.67 2.31 3.26 89.80 1.29
T4 Myclobutanil 10% WP 200 12.91 12.00 13.21 16.33 48.96
T5 Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 600 12.87 13.18 15.30 19.00 40.63
T6 Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 350 12.89 7.74 8.15 13.00 59.38
T7 Untreated Check - 13.00 19.33 21.80 32.00 0.00

The efficacy of Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC against Alternaria solani (early blight) in tomato crops was assessed through percent disease incidence (PDI) measured pre-treatment and after three successive sprays (Table 2).
The results we can conclude that the fungicidal combination is highly effective against Early blight in tomato when applied in combination than when applied alone. The results revealed a clear trend in disease suppression across the treatments, with varying degrees of efficacy. At the end of three sprays, treatment T3 resulted in lowest percent disease incidence (PDI) with 3.26% PDI and 89.80% reduction, supported by a Colby’s ratio of 1.29, indicating highly synergistic effect. This was followed by treatment T2, which showed a similar pronounced effect, recording a PDI of 5.33% after three sprays, achieving 83.33% reduction and a Colby’s ratio of 1.20, suggesting strong synergy. Similarly, treatment T1, with the lowest dose of same combination was effective recording a PDI of 8.40% and achieving the reduction of 73.76%, along with a Colby’s ratio of 1.06, further confirming synergistic interaction even at the lowest dose. As expected, the untreated check (T7) exhibited the highest disease incidence of 32.00% by the end of third spray indicating that all the treatments did play a role in reducing the disease incidence with varying efficacy.
Table 3. Effect of Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC Combinations and other Fungicides on Yield of Tomato
T No. Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Yield (t/ha)

T1 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 400 39.39
T2 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 500 41.35
T3 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 600 42.67
T4 Myclobutanil 10% WP 200 33.63
T5 Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 600 35.29
T6 Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 350 36.37
T7 Untreated check - 28.24

Table 4. Phytotoxicity of Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC Combinations and other Fungicides on Tomato
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein Leaf Tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Clearing
Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC @ 400ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC @ 500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC @ 600ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 200 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 600 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 350 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated Check 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the fungicide Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC and other fungicides showed no signs of phytotoxicity in the tomato crop. Hence, the combination is safe for the usage of Early Blight control in Tomato crop (Table 4).
CHILLI
Table 5. Effect of Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC Combinations and other Fungicides on Powdery Mildew of Chilli
T No. Treatments Dose (g or ml / ha) Percent Disease Incidence % Reduction in PDI after 3 Sprays Colby’s Ratio
Pre 1 2 3
T1 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 400 17.41 8.33 7.44 5.67 81.88 1.14
T2 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 500 17.61 5.93 5.04 4.32 86.18 1.20
T3 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 600 17.50 4.12 2.58 3.39 89.17 1.24
T4 Myclobutanil 10% WP 200 17.83 14.64 13.12 18.04 42.31
T5 Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 600 18.02 12.26 11.17 15.26 51.20
T6 Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 350 17.97 11.01 9.27 10.60 66.11
T7 Untreated Check - 18.07 22.83 26.37 31.27 0.00
The efficacy of Myclobutanil+Trifloxystrobin SC combinations against Leveillula taurica (Powdery Mildew) in chilli crop was assessed through percent disease incidence (PDI) measured pre-treatment and after three successive sprays (Table 5).
The results we can conclude that the fungicidal combination is highly effective against Powdery mildew in chilli when applied in combination than when applied alone. At the end of three sprays, treatment T3 resulted in lowest percent disease incidence (PDI) with 3.39% and 89.17% reduction, supported by a Colby’s ratio of 1.24, indicating a high synergistic effect. This was followed by treatment T2, recording a PDI of 4.32%, 86.18% reduction and a Colby’s ratio of 1.20, suggesting strong synergy. Similarly, treatment T1, with the lowest dose of same combination recorded a PDI of 5.67%, 81.88% reduction over control, along with a Colby’s ratio of 1.14, further confirming synergistic interaction even at the lowest dose. As expected, the untreated check (T7) exhibited the highest disease incidence of 31.27% by the end of third spray.
Table 6. Effect of Myclobutanil+Trifloxystrobin SC combinations and other fungicides on Anthracnose of Chilli
T No. Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Percent Disease Incidence % Reduction in PDI after 3 Sprays Colby’s Ratio
Pre 1 2 3
T1 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 400 12.26 2.67 3.56 7.15 75.44 1.09
T2 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 500 12.40 1.36 3.07 4.25 85.40 1.24
T3 Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 600 12.58 0.50 2.13 2.90 90.03 1.31
T4 Myclobutanil 10% WP 200 12.55 11.37 12.18 18.20 37.44
T5 Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 600 12.29 9.59 10.59 14.47 50.28
T6 Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 350 12.41 4.33 6.29 10.89 62.56
T7 Untreated Check - 12.80 16.02 20.52 29.10 0.00
The efficacy of Myclobutanil+Trifloxystrobin SC combinations against Colletotricum capsica (Anthracnose) in chilli crop was assessed through percent disease incidence (PDI) measured pre-treatment and after three successive sprays (Table 6).
The results we can conclude that the fungicidal combination is highly effective against Anthracnose in chilli when applied in combination than when applied alone. At the end of three sprays, treatment T3 resulted in lowest percent disease incidence (PDI) with 2.90% and 90.03% reduction, supported by a Colby’s Ratio of 1.31, indicating a high synergistic effect. This was followed by treatment T2, with a PDI of 4.25%, 85.40% reduction and a Colby’s ratio of 1.24, suggesting strong synergy. Similarly, treatment T1, with the lowest dose of the same combination was effective recording a PDI of 7.15%, reduction of 75.44%, along with a Colby’s Ratio of 1.09, further confirming synergistic interaction even at the lowest dose. As expected, the untreated check (T7) exhibited the highest disease incidence of 29.10% by the end of third spray.
Table 7. Effect of Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC Combinations and other Fungicides on Yield of Chilli
T No. Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Yield (t/ha)

T1 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 400 37.67
T2 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 500 38.58
T3 Myclobutanil 9.2%+Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC 600 41.07
T4 Myclobutanil 10% WP 200 29.67
T5 Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 600 33.33
T6 Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 350 35.41
T7 Untreated Check - 20.33

Table 8. Phytotoxicity of Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC Combinations and other Fungicides on Chilli
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf Tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC @ 400ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC @ 500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 9.2% + Trifloxystrobin 16.5% SC @ 600ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 200 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 600 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 350 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated check 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the fungicide Myclobutanil + Trifloxystrobin SC and other fungicides showed no signs of phytotoxicity in the chilli crop. Hence, the combination is safe for the usage for control of Powdery mildew and Anthracnose in chilli crop (Table 8).
It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to a particular compositions or specific constituents, which can, of course, vary and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise, and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art and so forth.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the disclosure(s), specific examples of appropriate materials and methods are described herein. The examples set forth above are provided to give those of ordinarily skilled in the art a complete description of how to make and use the embodiments of the compositions or specific constituents, methods of practice, and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Modifications of the above-described modes for carrying out the invention that is obvious to persons skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains.
While specific embodiments of the present invention are explicitly disclosed herein, the above specification and examples herein are illustrative and not restrictive. It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Many variations of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the embodiments below. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the embodiments, along with their full scope of equivalents and the specification, along with such variations. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. ,CLAIMS:CLAIMS:
We Claim:
A synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
trifloxystrobin;
at least one block co-polymer; and
other agriculturally acceptable excipients.
The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the block co-polymer is selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), butyl based block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), acrylic graft copolymer, polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG).
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin are present in the weight ratio of (1-10): (10-1).
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein myclobutanil is present in an amount of (1-15) w/w, trifloxystrobin is present in an amount of (1-25) % w/w and block co-polymer is present in an amount of 0.5 - 10% w/w of fungicidal composition.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from liquid medium, wetting agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foaming agent, dispersing agents, antibacterial agent and/or adjuvant.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the formulation is suspension concentrate (SC).
The fungicidal composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein myclobutanil is present in an amount of 9.2% w/w, trifloxystrobin is present in an amount of 16.5% w/w and butyl-based block co-polymer is present in an amount of 2.5% w/w of fungicidal composition.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the composition controls different groups of fungi selected from ascomycota, deuteromycota, basidiomycota and oomycota on a wide variety of crops selected rice, wheat, fruits, roots, tubers, vegetables, maize, grains, sugarcane, cereals and field crops.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the composition is applied at different stages of crops for preventive, curative and systemic activity by conventional spraying methods over the target areas of crops.