Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to energy saving systems. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a system and a method for energy management of a user equipment on per service basis, with support from network.

BACKGROUND
[0002] In modern communication networks, a user equipment (UE) must operate effectively within constraints of limited battery life while balancing the requirements for connectivity and Quality of Experience (QoE). As the UEs become more advanced, the challenge of managing energy usage becomes more complex, particularly when these devices must remain responsive to incoming data and messages. Energy efficiency is increasingly becoming a critical parameter in the evolution of communication technologies, particularly in fifth generation (5G) and the anticipated sixth generation (6G) networks. As user demands for connectivity and performance grow, the need for innovative solutions to manage energy consumption in a UE, such as smartphones, tablets, and other devices, also grows concomitantly.
[0003] Traditional approaches to power management compromise QoE when devices attempt to operate in energy-efficient modes, which may limit their functionality and responsiveness. Currently, when the UE transitions into energy-efficient power mode, the UE modifies its internal settings, such as dimming the screen, restricting background processes, and reducing processing power, and the like to conserve energy. However, modifying internal settings has limited use in energy saving as they operate solely on the UE side. Furthermore, there is no established communication mechanism that enables the UE to inform the network about the current energy-efficient power mode status of UE. As a result, the device’s radio module, which manages its connectivity with the network, is not optimized for energy efficiency based on the network’s awareness of the device’s state, for example. This lack of coordination means that while the UE may be optimizing its internal settings, there is no parallel effort to adjust the network’s handling of the device to further enhance energy savings.
[0004] Some solutions provide a power optimization strategy for improving battery life (reduced energy consumption) while maintaining optimal user experience. The trade-off between battery life and user experience related to the communication capability is managed by a protocol stack power optimization algorithm that optimally allocates energy resources. The power management algorithm inputs and combines measurements made at various layers of the protocol stack to selectively control a set of actions impacting energy usage. The power optimization algorithm maps from a set of measurements to optimally allocate energy resources that provide the best trade-off between user experience and energy consumption. For each running application, user’s desired intent (or QoE) is identified and a set of power optimization actions is implemented.
[0005] Other solutions aim to optimize power consumption in a user equipment by dynamically adjusting a power profile based on real-time usage data. The power profile defines the expected power consumption for each hardware component (e.g., processors, memory, etc.) under different operating conditions. The device calculates its current power consumption based on the power profile and the current state of its components, and compares them with a corresponding estimated value. If there is a significant discrepancy between estimated and measured power consumption, the power profile is adjusted accordingly to balance performance and power consumption based on the device’s workload.
[0006] Further solutions focus on intelligently managing power consumption in multimedia devices based on real-time power availability. The system continuously monitors the amount of power available for each running application. Based on the available power, the system determines optimal configurations for multimedia components (e.g., processors, display). Further, the system executes power management actions (e.g., clock frequency scaling, dynamic voltage scaling, display dimming, video processing, encoding and decoding operations, etc.) according to the determined configurations.
[0007] In still further solutions, the terminal device (UE) utilizes a policy control network element to determine a power Quality of Service (QoS) policy based on the specific service requirements. This power QoS policy is then communicated to upper-layer network elements to facilitate the negotiation of the QoS policy.
[0008] However, such solutions do not cater to specific power optimized QoS policy identification and negotiating it with the network elements. Further, such solutions lack enabling resource optimization with the user’s consent whenever the UE switches to low power mode.
[0009] There is, therefore, a need for an improved system and method for adaptive tuning by overcoming at least the above-mentioned deficiencies in the conventional systems and methods, and to provide a network supported user equipment energy saving.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0010] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for energy management of a user equipment.
[0011] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for a UE to coordinate with the network for maximizing battery life while maintaining high-quality communication and service.
[0012] Another object of the present disclosure is to adjust Quality of Service policies based on the network’s awareness of the UE state and power consumption requirements of the UE.

SUMMARY
[0013] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for energy management of a user equipment (UE). The method includes determining, by a processor associated with a system, one or more power profiles for each of a plurality of applications in the UE based on one or more parameters. The method further includes enabling, by the processor, the UE to initiate an energy-efficient power mode upon determining the one or more power profiles. Furthermore, the method includes updating, by the processor, a Quality of Service (QoS) profile of one or more active applications among the plurality of applications. The QoS profile of the one or more active applications is stored in a database and fetched when the UE initiates the energy-efficient power mode. Furthermore, the method includes transmitting, by the processor, the QoS profile of the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications to a base station. Furthermore, the method includes adjusting, by the processor, a configuration of the one or more active applications upon receiving a positive response message from the base station. Furthermore, the method includes enabling, by the processor, the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode upon adjusting the configuration of the one or more active applications.
[0014] In an embodiment, the method may include storing, the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications in the database associated with the system. The one or more power profiles includes at least one of: a unique identifier, a power consumed by each of the plurality of applications, a data rate, a discharge rate of a battery associated with the UE, an estimated lifetime of each of the plurality of applications, an impact on battery life value, a foreground or background status, a criticality of each of the plurality of applications, and a priority of each of the plurality of applications.
[0015] In an embodiment, the one or more parameters may include at least one of: a battery level indicating an initial percentage of battery charge at a beginning of each of the plurality of applications, a discharge rate indicating an amount of power consumed per hour while each of the plurality of applications is in progress, a discharge duration of each of the plurality of applications, and a total power consumed by each of the plurality of applications.
[0016] In an embodiment, prior to enabling the UE to initiate the energy-efficient power mode, the method may include sending, by the processor, a capability message to the base station. The capability message indicates that the UE is capable of dynamically changing the QoS profile for enabling energy optimization.
[0017] In an embodiment, the method may include identifying, by the processor, a unique identifier of each of the plurality of applications. The method also includes determining, by the processor, the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications based on the unique identifier. Further, the method may include classifying, by the processor, the plurality of applications into one or more Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) services and one or more non-GBR services. Furthermore, the method may include detecting, by the processor, one or more active GBR services among the one or more GBR services and one or more active non-GBR services among the one or more non-GBR services during a predefined time. Furthermore, the method may include defining, by the processor, the QoS profile for each of the one or more active GBR services and each of the one or more active non-GBR services during the predefined time. Moreover, the method may include updating, by the processor, the QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services and the one or more active non-GBR services in the UE. The QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services is updated individually, and the QoS profile of the one or more active non-GBR services is updated in an aggregate manner.
[0018] In an embodiment, for enabling the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode, the method may include enabling, by the processor, the UE to send a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session resource modify request to the base station. The UE sends the PDU session resource modify request to update at least one of: a UE power mode, a UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) downlink resource, a UE AMBR uplink resource, and an averaging window duration to the base station. The PDU session resource modify request may include a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) configuration update message indicating a micro sleep duration for the UE. The base station may send the PDU session resource modify request to a network and receive a PDU session resource modify response from the network. The method also includes receiving, by the processor, the PDU session resource modify response from the base station. Further, the method may include updating, by the processor, one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications. Furthermore, the method may include enabling, by the processor, the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode in response to updating the one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications.
[0019] In an embodiment, for receiving, the PDU session resource modify response from the base station, the method may include receiving, by the processor, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration request from the base station. Further, the method may include transmitting, by the processor, a RRC reconfiguration response to the base station to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station.
[0020] In an embodiment, the method may include enabling, by the processor, the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on at least one of: one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications or a battery percentage. The energy-efficient power mode is at least one of: a medium power mode and a low power mode. Further, the method may include enabling, by the processor, the UE to switch to the medium power mode when the battery percentage is within a first threshold range. Furthermore, the method may include enabling, by the processor, the UE to switch to the low power mode when the battery percentage is within a second threshold range.
[0021] In an embodiment, when the UE is in the energy-efficient power mode, the method may include identifying, by the processor, a power mode parameter in the QoS profile of the one or more active applications. The power mode parameter indicates that the UE is in the medium power mode or the low power mode. Further, the method may include transmitting, by the processor, the QoS profile comprising the power mode parameter to the base station.
[0022] In an embodiment, when the UE launches a new application in the energy-efficient power mode, the method may include performing, by the processor, one of: assigning, by the processor, a new power profile for the new application based on a detection that a predefined power profile is unavailable for the new application, and enabling, by the processor, the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on the new power profile or applying, by the processor, the predefined power profile for the new application based on a detection that the predefined power profile is available for the new application. The method may further include enabling, by the processor, the UE to launch the new application in the energy-efficient power mode based on the predefined power profile.
[0023] In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a system for energy management of a user equipment (UE). The system includes a processor and a memory. The memory is operatively coupled with the processor. The memory stores instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine one or more power profiles for each of a plurality of applications in the UE based on one or more parameters. The processor is configured to enable the UE to initiate an energy-efficient power mode upon determining the one or more power profiles. Further, the processor is configured to update a Quality of Service (QoS) profile of one or more active applications among the plurality of applications. The QoS profile of the one or more active applications is stored in a database and fetched when the UE initiates the energy-efficient power mode. Furthermore, the processor is configured to transmit the QoS profile of the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications to a base station. Furthermore, the processor is configured to adjust a configuration of the one or more active applications upon receiving a positive response message from the base station. Moreover, the processor is configured to enable the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode upon adjusting the configuration of the one or more active applications.
[0024] In an embodiment, the processor may be configured to store the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications in the database associated with the system. The one or more power profiles includes at least one of: a unique identifier, a power consumed by each of the plurality of applications, a data rate, a discharge rate of a battery associated with the UE, an estimated lifetime of each of the plurality of applications, an impact on battery life value, a foreground or background status, a criticality of each of the plurality of applications, and a priority of each of the plurality of applications.
[0025] In an embodiment, the one or more parameters include at least one of: a battery level indicating an initial percentage of battery charge at a beginning of each of the plurality of applications, a discharge rate indicating an amount of power consumed per hour while each of the plurality of applications is in progress, a discharge duration of each of the plurality of applications, and a total power consumed by each of the plurality of applications.
[0026] In an embodiment, prior to enabling the UE to initiate the energy-efficient power mode, the processor may be configured to send a capability message to the base station. The capability message indicates that the UE is capable of dynamically changing the QoS profile for enabling energy optimization.
[0027] In an embodiment, to update the QoS profile for the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications, the processor may be configured to identify a unique identifier of each of the plurality of applications. Further, the processor may be configured to determine the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications based on the unique identifier. Furthermore, the processor classifies the plurality of applications into one or more Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) services and one or more non-GBR services upon determining the one or more power profiles. Furthermore, the processor may be configured to detect one or more active GBR services among the one or more GBR services and one or more active non-GBR services among the one or more non-GBR services during a predefined time. Furthermore, the processor may be configured to define the QoS profile for each of the one or more active GBR services and each of the one or more active non-GBR services during the predefined time. Moreover, the processor may be configured to update the QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services and the one or more active non-GBR services in the UE. The QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services is updated individually, and the QoS profile of the one or more active non-GBR services is updated in an aggregate manner.
[0028] In an embodiment, enable the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode the processor may be configured to enable the UE to send a PDU session resource modify request to the base station. The UE sends the PDU session resource modify request to update at least one of: a UE power mode, a UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) downlink resource, a UE AMBR uplink resource, and an averaging window duration to the base station. The PDU session resource modify request includes a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) configuration update message indicating a micro sleep duration for the UE. The base station sends the PDU session resource modify request to a network and receives a PDU session resource modify response from the network. Further, the processor may be configured to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station. Furthermore, the processor may be configured to update one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications. Moreover, the processor may be configured to enable the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode in response to updating the one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications.
[0029] In an embodiment, to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station the processor may be configured to receive a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration request from the base station. Further, the processor is to transmit a RRC reconfiguration response to the base station to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station.
[0030] In an embodiment, when the UE is in the energy-efficient power mode, the processor may be configured to identify a power mode parameter in the QoS profile of each of the active application, where the power mode parameter indicates that the UE is in the medium power mode or the low power mode. Further, the processor may be configured to transmit the QoS profile comprising the power mode parameter to the base station.
[0031] In an embodiment, when the UE launches a new application in the energy-efficient power mode, the processor may be configured to perform one of: assign a new power profile for the new application based on a detection that a predefined power profile is unavailable for the new application, and enable the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on the new power profile or the processor may be configured to apply the predefined power profile for the new application based on a detection that the predefined power profile is available for the new application, and enable the UE to launch the new application in the energy-efficient power mode based on the predefined power profile.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0032] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of the present disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component.
[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates a representation of an architecture of a system for adaptive energy management of a user equipment (UE), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a sequence diagram of a call flow between the UE and the base station for enabling operation in energy-efficient power mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 3A illustrates a sequence diagram for intimating the base station/gNB of UE capability to shift to an energy-efficient mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 3B illustrates a sequence diagram of a flow for explicit declaration of QoS values to the telecommunication network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates a sequence diagram of a call flow for updating QoS policy, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates a sequence diagram for updating the active application with the QoS policy of the UE in the energy-efficient/saving mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates a sequence diagram for implementing a call flow between the base station and the UE in an energy-efficient mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for energy management for the UE, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram representing a computer system in which, or with which, the UE or the system may be implement, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0043] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to FIGs. 1-8.
[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a representation of an architecture (100) of a system for adaptive energy management of a user equipment (UE) on per service basis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0045] In an embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 1, the architecture (100) includes a base station (114) connected to the UE (102). The base station (114) serves as a hub which connects all the UEs within a coverage area of the base station (114). In an embodiment, the base station (114) manages the connection between a mobile/telecommunication network and the UE (102), facilitating voice services and data services, among others. In some embodiments, the UE (102) may include a system including one or more processing modules/engines configured to measure, receive, process, and/or transmit data to other modules/engines or entities. In some embodiments, the modules may be implemented as processing resources having a processor configured to execute processor-executable instructions stored in a memory. In some embodiments, a single processing resource may be configured to implement all the modules of the UE (102), as explained further in reference to FIG. 8.
[0046] In an embodiment, the system/UE (102) may include a monitoring module (107). The monitoring module (107) may include a battery module (104) with a battery consumption and battery statistics details of a battery or a power storage unit of the UE (102). In an embodiment, the battery module (104) may be configured to expose the battery consumption and battery statistics details toa power profile module (105). In an embodiment, the monitoring module (107) may also include a radio frequency (RF) module (106). The RF module (106) of the UE (102) may be configured to transfer and receive both Uplink (UL) signals and Downlink (DL) signals from a base station (114) (or generally any Radio Access Network (RAN) node, such as gNodeB/gNB) associated with the telecommunication network. In an embodiment, DL refers to communication from the base station (114) to the UE (102), whereas UL refers to communication from the UE (102) to the base station (114).
[0047] In an embodiment, the power profile module (105) may include a power computation module (108) connected to the battery module (104). The power computation module (108) may be configured to compute power consumption based on each of one or more applications associated with the UE (102). In an embodiment, the power consumption module (108) may be configured to store information related to the power consumption for each of the applications in a database (110). In an embodiment, the database (110) may be configured to store a plurality of power consumption values of the active applications, and policy profiles identified by the power computation module (108), which may be retrieved upon request for energy management of the UE (102). In an embodiment, the policy profiles refer to a set of rules identified by the power computation module (108), which indicate the power consumption characteristics of the applications associated with the UE. The UE (102) may also include energy-efficient quality of service (EE QoS) profiler module (112) (also referred to as profiler module) connected to the RF module (106). The EE QoS profiler module (112) may be configured to define a new EE QoS policy for the UE (102), such as when the UE (102) shifts/switches to or from energy-efficient power mode, and other power modes (such as performance mode). In some embodiments, the UE (102) may also include a control module (115) (as shown in FIG. 2) configured to communicate with the monitoring module (107) and the power profile module (105) to initiate the switching of the UEs (102) to energy-efficient modes.
[0048] In some embodiments, the UE (102) may include other modules/engines configured to provide other functionality to users thereof. In some embodiments, the UEs (102) may also have one or more applications or software packages installed therein, configured to provide a functionality to the user. For example, the application/software package may correspond to a set of processor-executable instructions configured to provide video streaming functionality. In some embodiments, the applications may enable the UE (102) to avail services from the telecommunication network. However, each of the applications may consume power/battery from the UE (102) during operation, which may be measured by the power computation module (108), and used by other modules to shift the UE (102) into an energy-efficient mode (or conversely from energy-efficient mode to a performance mode). The power consumption/power profile may be determined based on one or more parameters including at least one of, a battery level indicating an initial percentage of battery charge at a beginning of each of the applications, a discharge rate indicating an amount of power consumed per hour while each of the applications is in progress, a discharge duration of each of the applications, and a total power consumed by each of the applications. Power profiles for new applications, which do not have historical data to determine the parameters, may be calculated separately, as described subsequently in the present disclosure.
[0049] In some embodiments, the power profiles may be stored in the database (110), along with a unique identifier (UID), a power consumed by each of the plurality of applications, a data rate, a discharge rate of a battery associated with the UE (102), an estimated lifetime of each of the plurality of applications, an impact on battery life value, a foreground or background status, a criticality (such as priority/priority level, or whether the application is essential) of each of the applications, and a priority of each of the applications, but not limited thereto.
[0050] Further, the shift in the power modes of the UE (102) may be intimated to the telecommunication network through the base station (114), which may accordingly change communication protocols with such UEs (102) to further improve energy efficiency of the UE (102). The operation and interactions of the modules of the UE (102), and the telecommunication network through the base station (114), to achieve the same are described in detail in reference to FIG. 2.
[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates a sequence diagram (200) of a call flow between the UE (102) and the base station (114) for enabling operation in energy-efficient power mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0052] In an embodiment, the UE control module (115) in the UE (102), at step (202), may initiate a switch to an energy-efficient power mode. The switch may be either user initiated, or automatically initiated by the UE (102) based on the battery consumption. In an embodiment, the user may choose to switch to the energy-efficient mode to extend the battery life of the UE (102). In an embodiment, a plurality of options is provided on a user interface of the UE (102), to enable the user to select the energy-efficient mode. In an embodiment, the user may manually select a required power mode, which may be generally applicable to all applications or to specific applications that are to be operated in the energy-efficient mode. The energy-efficient modes may be selected for each of the active applications (which may be running either in background or foreground of the UE (102)), or inactive applications (which may be dormant, i.e., not consuming computational resources of the UE (102)). In an embodiment, selecting the power mode allows a tailored performance management of one or more active applications. In an embodiment, a priority level of the applications may be pre-identified, and thus low priority applications may be switched to low power mode (which are more energy-efficient) and high priority applications may be switched to medium power mode (which are comparatively less energy-efficient). In an embodiment, upon selecting the required power mode manually, the active applications (or inactive applications when activated) may switch to the selected power saving mode. In an embodiment, a power profile for each application may be determined and categorized as 3 different types which are low, medium, high based on the respective power consumption. Each power profile may store corresponding application settings configured at that time. The application settings may correspond to dimming of screen brightness, volume, restricting background processes, limiting number of signals to be transmitted, using efficient data structures, and the like. The power profiles of the applications may be stored in the UE database (110).
[0053] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may be configured to automatically adjust the power mode based on the remaining battery percentage of the UE (102). When the battery level is within a predefined threshold range, the system implemented in the UE (102) may trigger a switch to energy-efficient mode without the user intervention. Multiple threshold ranges may be provided and mapped to a corresponding power mode (for example a first threshold range associated with a medium power mode and a second threshold range associated with a low power mode). Table 1 illustrates an example of a scenario depicting automatically adjusting of the power mode by the UE (102).

Table 1
[0054] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may be switched to a medium power mode when battery percentage (which indicates a state of charge of the battery of the UE (102)) is less than 80 percent (%). In an embodiment, the UE (102) may be switched to low power mode when battery percentage is less than 50%. The power profiles for the applications may be selected automatically based on the power mode of the UE (102). In other embodiments, different battery level threshold ranges may be selected for switching the UE (102) (or the applications therein) to energy-efficient power modes. In some embodiments, the user of the UE (102) may select a power mode (such as a low power mode, for example). In such embodiments, when the battery percentage approaches one of the threshold ranges associated with a different power mode (such as the medium power mode or the normal power mode), the control module (115) may be configured to select the power mode that is more energy-efficient. In an example, if the user selected the low power mode and the battery percentage changes to a value between 50% and 80%, then the control module (115) may not change the power mode of the UE (102), thereby overriding the automatic selection/adjustment of power modes by the UE (102).
[0055] In an embodiment, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to collect data rates of the active applications in both uplink and downlink. Further, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to identify a UID of the active applications in the UE (102), at step (204). Based on the UID, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to transmit a request to the power profiler module (112) for obtaining the power profile of the applications, at step (206). In some embodiments, the power profiler module (112) may be configured to receive the request having the UID. In an embodiment, the power profiler module (112) may send/transmit a query to the database (110) at step (208), and retrieve the power profile associated with the one or more active applications at step (210) using the UID. In an embodiment, the power profiles may be received by the power profiler (112), and then sent to the monitoring module (107) as a response to the request at step (212).
[0056] On receiving the power profiles of the active applications, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to define the EE QoS profile for the active applications at step (214). In some embodiments, the EE QoS profile may be determined based on whether the active applications correspond to/are classified into Guaranteed Bit Rates (GBR) services, or non-GBR services. The EE QoS profile may be shared with the control module (115), at step (216).
[0057] In some embodiments, the control module (115) may be configured to transmit a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session resource modify request to the base station/gNB (114). The PDU request may include one or more QoS profile parameters that indicate whether the UE (102) is in the energy-efficient mode (at step (218). The PDU session request may include the QoS profile of the active applications.
[0058] As stated, a ‘QoS flow’ associated with the applications (which correspond to QoS requirements of the applications) may be classified into either the GBR or non-GBR, based on the corresponding QoS profile. Further, the GBR services and non-GBR services may be further filter based on which ones are active. The QoS profile of the QoS flow may be sent to the base station (114). The QoS profile may include multiple QoS parameters. In an embodiment, for each QoS flow, the QoS profile may include the QoS parameters, such as a 5G QoS Identifier (5QI) and an Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP), aside from QoS parameters associated with PDU sessions. In an embodiment, for each non-GBR QoS flow, the QoS profile may also include a Reflective QoS Attribute (RQA), a Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR) for the UL and the DL. In another embodiment, for each GBR QoS flow, the QoS profile may include Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR), a notification control and the Maximum Packet Loss Rate, for both UL and DL.
[0059] Further, in an embodiment, for energy-efficient non-GBR policy, in the PDU session setup request includes 4 protocol information elements (IEs). In some embodiments, the protocol IE may be PDUSessionResourceSetupRequest_element protocolIEs having the IEs:
Item 0: id-AMF-UE-NGAP-ID
Item 1: id-RAN-UE-NGAP-ID
Item 2: id-PDUSessionResourceSetupListSUReq
Item 3: id-UEAggregateMaximumBitRate
where NGAP is refers to Next Generation Application Protocol, AMF is referred as Access and Mobility Management
[0060] In the item 3, the UEAggregateMaximumBitRate parameter may define the maximum aggregate bit rate across all the non-GBR QoS flows for this UE (102). The maximum aggregate rate may be the aggregate of two values, viz., UEAggregateMaximumBitRateDL (for DL) and UEAggregateMaximumBitRateUL (for UL). In an embodiment, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to determine the parameter when UE (102) is in energy-efficient power mode.
[0061] In an example, the power profile corresponding to the UIDs (UID 1, UID 2, ...., UID N) may be represented using Table 2, as shown below:
UID Downlink Uplink
104567 A1 B1
104568 A2 B2
104569 A3 B3
Table 2
[0062] As shown in Table 2, the AMBR of the UE (102) may be the sum of data rate of all the non-GBR applications in both UL and DL, which may be active every 2 seconds (or any other predetermined interval). The sum may provide the UE AMBR such as:
UE AMBR Downlink = A1+A2+A3
UE AMBR Uplink = B1+B2+B3
[0063] For GBR EE QoS policy, the GBR QoS 5G QoS flow identifier may be given by a Session Management Function (SMF) at the telecommunication network (such as at the base station (114) or a core network (402) shown in FIG. 4 connected to the base station (114)) to uniquely identify the QoS flow in a PDU session. In an embodiment, a QoS profile may include a predefined 5QI, the ARP to a particular service at the base station, a MFBR, a highest bit rate that is expected by the QoS flow, and a GFBR, which is guaranteed to be provided by the network to the QoS flow over an Averaging Time Window, and the like.
[0064] In an embodiment, the 5QI characteristics include a plurality of parameters. The plurality of parameters includes a resource type such as GBR, non-GBR, Delay critical GBR, and the like. The plurality of parameters also includes a priority level associated with 5G QoS characteristics which indicates a priority in scheduling resources among QoS flows. The priority level value may have an ordinality. The lowest ranked priority level value corresponds to the highest priority. The priority level may be used to differentiate between QoS flows of the same UE (102), and may be used to differentiate between QoS flows from different UEs. Further, the plurality of parameters includes an averaging window duration. Each GBR QoS flow is associated with an averaging window. The averaging window represents the duration over which the GFBR and MFBR are calculated. Every standardized 5QI (of GBR and Delay-critical GBR resource type) is associated with a default value for the averaging window. The averaging window may also be signalled together with a standardized 5QI to the base station (114) and the User Plane Function (UPF) at the telecommunication network (the base station (114) or a core network (402)). The standardized 5QI may be received, may be used instead of the default value. Furthermore, the plurality of parameters includes a Packet Delay Budget (PDB). The PDB defines an upper bound for the time that a packet may be delayed between the UE (102) and a predefined termination point at the UPF. The PDB applies to the DL packet received by the UPF over a N6 interface, and to the UL packet sent by the UE (102). In an embodiment, an N6 interface provides connectivity between the UPF and the UE (102). Furthermore, the plurality of parameters includes a Packet Error Rate (PER) which defines an upper bound for the rate of PDUs (such as Internet Protocol (IP) packets) that is processed by the sender of a link layer protocol. The IP packets are not successfully delivered by the corresponding receiver to an upper layer of the UE (102) (such as Layer 2 or higher), hence the PER defines an upper bound for a rate of non-congestion related packet losses.
[0065] In an embodiment, the base station/gNB (114) may be configured to receive a PDU session response modify response as an acknowledgement of the PDU session request, at step (220) (as further described in detail with reference to FIG. 4). In some embodiments, the PDU session response may include an EE QoS policy acknowledgement, which indicates changes to communication protocols (such as with respect to average window duration). Further, on receiving the PDU session response, the UE (102) (using the control module (115)) may be configured to switch/shift to an energy-efficient power mode (such as the low power mode or the medium power mode, for example), at step (222). In some embodiments, the UE (102) (using the system) may be configured to adjust a configuration of the active applications upon receiving a positive response message (i.e., acknowledgment in the form of PDU session response) from the base station (114)., before switching to energy-efficient power mode.
[0066] Consider a non-limiting example, where the UE (102) uses a codec G.711 for a voice call which has a bit rate of 64 kilobits per second (kbps) and average window duration of 2000 ms. In an embodiment, the codec used by the UE (102) may be an audio codec device that compresses and decompresses audio signals for digital transmission. When the UE (102) is switched into energy-efficient power mode, the codec may be changed to G.729, which has a bit rate of 8 kbps. The base station/gNB (114) may schedule information of 8 kbps in the first 1000 milli seconds (ms) for enabling microsleep of the UE (102) for the next 1000 ms and wake up after 1000ms.
[0067] In an embodiment, as per the QoS policy for a voice call, the averaging window duration may be set to 2000ms. The UE (102) may increase averaging window duration to 4000 ms and inform the upper layer that the UE (102) is in energy-efficient power mode and updated QoS parameters may be shared. The upper layer may schedule the information in such a way that in the first 2000ms, the information may be shared, and the UE (102) may enter into micro sleep state for the other 2000ms and wakeup thereafter.
[0068] In an embodiment, a guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR) and maximum flow bit rate (MFBR) associated with the QoS flow may be constant, but the time which the GFBR and the MFBR are calculated may be increased. For example, the base station (114) may be configured to schedule the information/signals in the first 2000ms to allow the UE (102) to sleep for other 2000ms, and wakeup after 2000ms time.
[0069] While the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in reference to PDU session requests being used for intimating the base station (114) of the shift of the UE (102) to the energy-efficient mode, it may be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other signals having the same parameters may be used to intimate the shift in modes of the UE (102). Once the response (i.e., positive acknowledgement) is received, the control module (115) may shift the UE (102) (or the applications thereof) to the energy-efficient power mode. Further details of each of the steps of the call flow are described subsequently in the present disclosure.
[0070] FIG. 3A illustrates a sequence diagram (300A) for intimating the base station/gNB (114) of UE capability to shift to an energy-efficient mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the base station/gNB (114) may be configured to determine the UE capabilities, such as whether the UE (102) is capable of operating in the energy-efficient mode, including with respect to communication between the UE (102) and the base station (114). At step (304), the base station (114) may be configured to transmit a UE enquiry, prior to enabling the UE (102) to initiate the shift to the energy-efficient power mode. In an embodiment, the UE (102) may be configured to receive the UE capability enquiry using the RF module (106). In an embodiment, the UE (102) provides/sends the UE capability information message to the base station/gNB (114), at step (306). In an embodiment, the UE (102) (using the RF module (106)) informs the telecommunication network of the UE support to the EE QoS profile using the UE capability information message. The capability message indicates that the UE (102) is capable of dynamically changing the QoS profile for enabling energy optimization. In some embodiments, the UE capability enquiry and the UE capability message may be transmitted using Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages. The RRC message may include an IE indicating that the UE (102) may update the QoS parameters when switching to the energy-efficient mode. In some embodiments, the IE may hold a Boolean value indicating the capability. In an embodiment, at step (308), the base station/gNB (114) may be adapted to use energy-efficient protocols based on EE QoS profile policy determined using the EE QoS profile received from the UE (102).
[0071] In some embodiments, the base station (114) may be configured to update the EE QoS profile policy (hereafter referred to as ‘QoS policy’) based on whether the active applications are associated with GBR services or non-GBR services.
[0072] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may exchange capability message with the telecommunication network (through the base station (114), where the new parameter enabled by the UE (102) for updating the EE QoS modification available for the UE (102). The UE capability exchange message RRC may include:
UECapabilityInformation ::= SEQUENCE {
rrc-TransactionIdentifier RRC-TransactionIdentifier,
criticalExtensions CHOICE {
ueCapabilityInformation UECapabilityInformation-IEs,
criticalExtensionsFuture SEQUENCE {}
}
}
[0073] Further, the UECapabilityInformation-IEs may include UE capability information IEs, a new IE to be added for EE QoS profile.
UE-NR-Capability-EEQoS-lowpowerMode ::= SEQUENCE {
EE_QoS_lowpowermode BOOLEAN OPTIONAL
}
[0074] If the UE (102) supports EE_QoS_lowpowermode then the Boolean parameter is set to true or else false. The optimized energy-efficient QoS profiling is supported by the UE (102), and the UE (102) shares the updated QoS profiles to the base station (114).
[0075] FIG. 3B illustrates a sequence diagram (300B) of a flow for explicit declaration of QoS values/parameters to the telecommunication network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The declaration of QoS values/parameters may correspond to the signals transmitted at step (218). In an embodiment, the monitoring module (107) may send an updated EE QoS policy to the control module (115) of the UE (102), at step (310). For GBR EE QoS services, like conversational voice and video streaming, the control module (115) may update a codec rate. In such embodiments, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to transmit the averaging window duration to the control module (115), at step (312). For non-GBR services, the monitoring module (107) may transmit AMBR associated with the EE QoS profile of the active applications. Then, the control module (115) may inform the upper layer of the network that the UE (102) is in energy-efficient power mode. In an embodiment, the control module (115) may update the existing QoS profile for the application, at step (314), and send a PDU session resource modify request to the telecommunication network through the base station (114).
[0076] In some embodiments, the PDU session request for updating the QoS policy may be processed and explicitly declared at the core network (402) associated with the telecommunication network. FIG. 4 illustrates a sequence diagram (400) of a call flow for updating QoS policy, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0077] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may be configured to send a PDU session resource modify request (404) to the base station/gNB (114) (similar to step (218)). In an embodiment, the PDU session resource modify request (406) may be transmitted to the core network (402). In some embodiments, the power mode of the UE (102) (which indicates whether the UE (102) is in the energy-efficient mode, or any other mode) is indicated using a new/dedicated parameter in the PDU session request. In such embodiments, the power mode of the UE (102) may be explicitly declared. In an example, the UE (102) may be configured to indicate power mode thereof through the parameter as follows:
- If Power_mode is ‘1’ then UE (102) is in medium power mode.
- If Power_mode is ‘2’ then UE (102) is in low power mode.
[0078] In an embodiment, the newly added parameter may be a Boolean parameter, where if the Boolean parameter is set to ‘true,’ the UE (102) is in medium power mode or else UE is in energy-efficient power mode, and vice versa when the Boolean parameter is set to ‘false’. The updated QoS parameters may be sent to the upper layers. The format of sending parameter may be:
UE_power_mode
{
Power_mode INTEGER (optional)
EE_QoS_profile_non_GBR
{
UE_AMBR_DL INTEGER (optional)
UE_AMBR_UL INTEGER (optional)
}
EE_QoS_profile_GBR _1
{
5QI INTEGER (optional)
Averaging_window_duration INTEGER (optional)
}
………………..
EE_QoS_profile_GBR _n
{
5QI INTEGER (optional)
Averaging_window_duration INTEGER (optional)
}
}
[0079] In an embodiment, the core network (402) may transmit an acknowledgement (i.e., a positive acknowledgement) signal as a response (408) to the PDU session resource modify request. In an embodiment, the base station/gNB (114) may be configured to update Data Radio Bearer (DRB) QoS policy, at step (410).
[0080] For all non-GBR scenarios, only two parameters may be updated. However, for each GBR scenario, a new averaging window may be generated and a new parameters list may be listed for each GBR flow as shown in the above message. In an embodiment, in 5QI, layer three protocol may be used to manage radio resources and state of the UE (102), such as RRC. In an embodiment, the RRC may be reconfigured based on the DRB QoS policy update. In an embodiment, the RRC reconfiguration request, at step (412), may be sent to the UE (102) from the base station (114). The UE (102) may then send a response to the reconfiguration to the base station (114), at step (414). In an embodiment, based on the response, the base station (114) may transmit the PDU session resource modify response to the UE (102), at step (416).
[0081] In other embodiments, the UE (102) may also be configured to implicitly declare the power mode thereof. In an embodiment, when the UE (102) is in energy-efficient power mode, the low_power_mode parameter may be set to be one of true or else false. In such embodiments, the updated QoS parameters may also be sent to the upper layer/the core network (402). The QoS parameters sent may inform the core network (402) the times at which the UE (102) may go to micro sleep state. Both parameters for GBR and non-GBR may not be defined, but the UE (102) may be configured to inform the telecommunication network to setup QoS parameters according to the information given by the UE (102). The information sent by the UE (102) may be in the form of a message. The format of the message may be:
UE_power_mode
{
Power_mode BOOLEAN (optional)
EE_QoS_profile_non_GBR
{
UE_AMBR_DL INTEGER (optional)
UE_AMBR_UL INTEGER (optional)
}
EE_QoS_profile_GBR _1
{
Microsleeptimeduration INTEGER (optional)
}
………………..
EE_QoS_profile_GBR _n
{
Microsleeptimeduration INTEGER (optional)
}
}
[0082] In some embodiments, once the acknowledgement of the change in QoS policy is received by the UE (102), the application settings of the applications may be updated, as indicated in step (222). FIG. 5 illustrates a sequence diagram (500) for updating the active application (such as application (502)) with the QoS policy of the UE (102) in the energy efficient/saving mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0083] In an embodiment, after the UE (102) (or the control module (115) thereof) acknowledges the PDU session modify request, the UE (102) may be configured to share the acknowledgement with the monitoring module (107), at step (504). The monitoring module (107) may be configured to identify application settings used by the active application (502) used for determining the QoS policy, at step (506). In an embodiment, based on the identified application settings, the monitoring module (107) may be configured to request the application (502) to update the application settings thereof, at step (508). The application (502) may be configured to update the application settings thereof at step (510), and send/transmit an acknowledgement to the monitoring module (107), at step (512). In some embodiments, any one or a combination of the steps of transmitting the request, updating the application settings of the application (502), and receiving acknowledgement may be repeated for all active applications, thereby allowing energy optimization on a per service basis. After receiving the acknowledgment, the monitoring module (107) may cause the UE (102) to switch/shift to the energy-efficient power mode, which may be supported by the telecommunication network, as described in reference to FIG. 6.
[0084] FIG. 6 illustrates a sequence diagram (600) for implementing a call flow between the base station/gNB (114) and the UE (102) in an energy-efficient mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the communication protocols between the base station (114) and the UE (102) may be modified for energy optimization.
[0085] In some embodiments, once the UE (102) has shifted to the energy-efficient power mode, the base station (114) may transmit DL data to the UE (102), and the UE (102) may be configured to decode the DL data, at step (602). After decoding, the UE (102) sends UL data back to the base station (114), at step (604). In an embodiment, the micro sleep of the UE (102) may be initiated based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration update message received from the base station (114), at step (606). A duration indicated in the DRX update message may indicate the time period for which the UE (102) may enter micro sleep mode, at step (608), while remaining in Connected DRX (C-DRX) mode with the (telecommunication) network. This applies to both GBR and non-GBR service scenarios. In an embodiment, the microsleep mode may be deactivated (OFF) and the UE (102) may be woken up after the duration has elapsed, at step (610). After waking up, the UE (102) may be configured to receive and decode DL data from the base station (114), at step (602-2), and transmit the uplink data (604-2), thereby initiating the next cycle.
[0086] By causing the UE (102) to periodically sleep when in the energy-efficient power mode, and enabling the telecommunication network to cooperatively exchange DL and UL data taking into account the sleep state during the energy-efficient power mode of the UE (102), improved battery savings/utilization may be achieved. For example, when in the energy-efficient power mode, the UE (102) may be able to further optimize battery utilization by minimizing (or increase intervals of) the transmissions required between the base station (114) and the UE (102).
[0087] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of an example method (700) for energy management of the UE (102) on per service basis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0088] At step (702), the UE (102) may be switched on and operated by activating multiple applications. At step (704), the method (700) includes determining, by a processor (such as processor (812) associated with a system in the UE (102)), one or more power profiles for each of a plurality of applications in the UE based on one or more parameters. The power profile may indicate the power consumption characteristics of the applications. The parameters may include at least one of, a battery level (or state of charge) indicating an initial percentage of battery charge at a beginning of each of the applications, a discharge rate indicating an amount of power consumed per hour (or any other unit of time) while each of the applications is in progress or activated, a discharge duration of each of the applications, and a total power consumed by each of the applications. In some embodiments, the power profiles may be determined by the power computation module (108) based on the parameters, using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
[0089] In some embodiments, when the UE (102) launches a new application in the energy-efficient power mode, some parameters used for determining power consumption may not be available. In such embodiments, the method (700) may include assigning, by the processor, a new power profile for the new application based on a detection that a predefined power profile is unavailable for the new application, and enabling, by the processor, the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on the new power profile. Alternatively, the method (700) may include applying, by the processor, the predefined power profile for the new application based on a detection that the predefined power profile is available for the new application, and enabling, by the processor, the UE (102) to launch the new application in the energy-efficient power mode based on the predefined power profile.
[0090] At step (706), the method (700) includes storing, by the processor (812), the power profiles of each of the plurality of applications in the database (such as database 110). In some embodiments, the power profiles may also be associated with at least one of, a UID, a power consumed by each of the plurality of applications, a data rate, a discharge rate of a battery associated with the UE (102), an estimated lifetime of each of the plurality of applications, an impact on battery life value, a foreground or background status, a criticality of each of the plurality of applications, and a priority of each of the plurality of applications, but not limited thereto.
[0091] At step (708), the method (700) includes enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to initiate an energy-efficient power mode upon determining the one or more power profiles. In some embodiments, prior to enabling the UE (102) to initiate the energy-efficient power mode, the method (700) may include sending, by the processor, a capability message to the base station (114), where the capability message indicates that the UE (102) is capable of dynamically changing the QoS profile for enabling energy optimization (as illustrated and described in reference to FIG. 3A). At step (710), the method (700) includes retrieving, by the processor (812), the power profiles of all active applications from the database (110) (as represented illustrated and explained in reference to FIG. 3B). The monitoring module (107) may be used to retrieve the power profiles, which may define a new QoS policy for all active services, and communicate the same to the base station (114).
[0092] At step (712), the method (700) includes updating, by the processor (812), a QoS profile of active applications among the plurality of applications, where the QoS profile of the active applications may be stored in the database (110) and fetched when the UE (112) initiates the energy-efficient power mode. In such embodiments, the method (700) may include updating, by the processor (812), the QoS profile for the active applications among and identifying a UID thereof. Further, the method (700) may include determining, by the processor (812), the profiles of each of applications based on the UID, and classifying, by the processor (812), the plurality of applications into one or more GBR services and one or more non-GBR services. The method (700) may then include detecting, by the processor (812), one or more active GBR services among the GBR services and one or more active non-GBR services among the non-GBR services during a predefined time. The method (700) may further include defining, by the processor (812), the QoS profile for each of the active GBR services and each of the active non-GBR services during the predefined time. Thereafter, the method (700) may include updating, by the processor (812), the QoS profile of the active GBR services and the active non-GBR services in the UE (102). The QoS profile of the active GBR services may be updated individually, and the QoS profile of the active non-GBR services may be updated in an aggregate manner, in some embodiments.
[0093] At step (714), the method (700) includes transmitting, by the processor (812), the QoS profile of the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications to a base station (such as base station (114)) associated with the system.
[0094] At step (716), the method (700) includes adjusting, by the processor (812), a configuration of the active applications upon receiving a positive response message from the base station (114). After receiving acknowledgment from the base station (114), the monitoring module (108) in the UE (102) may be configured to adjust internal configurations/settings of the applications, for operation in the energy-efficient power mode.
[0095] At step (720), the method (700) includes enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode (such as medium or low power modes). In an embodiment, when the UE (102) switches into low power mode with optimized power profile and improved battery life, the UE (102) switches to the energy-efficient power mode upon adjusting (718) the configuration of the one or more active applications. In some embodiments, for enabling the UE (102) to switch, the method (700) may include enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to send a PDU session resource modify request to the base station (114). The UE (102) may send the PDU session resource modify request to update at least one of, a UE power mode, a UE AMBR downlink resource, a UE AMBR uplink resource, and an averaging window duration to the base station (114). The PDU session resource modify request may include a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) configuration update message indicating a micro sleep duration for the UE (102). Further, the base station (104) may be configured to send the PDU session resource modify request to a network (such as the core network (402) of FIG. 4) and receive a PDU session resource modify response from the network.
[0096] The method (700) may then include receiving, by the processor (812), the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114), and updating, by the processor (812), one or more settings of each of the applications. In some embodiments, the method (700) may include receiving, by the processor (812), the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114) as a RRC reconfiguration request from the base station (114). In such embodiments, the method (700) may also include transmitting, by the processor (812), a RRC reconfiguration response to the base station to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114). The method (700) may then include enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode in response to updating the one or more settings of the applications, and/or a battery percentage (or state of charge). In some embodiments, the UE (102) may be switched to at least one of: a medium power mode and a low power mode, based on the battery percentage being within a first threshold range or within a second threshold range, respectively. Further details of the aforementioned steps of the method (700) may correspond to those illustrated and described in reference to FIGs. 4 and 5.
[0097] Alternatively, and/or parallelly after step (708), the method (700) may include adjusting the internal UE power settings, among others, for shifting to the energy-efficient power mode, at step (722). In such embodiments, the internal UE power settings may be activated, such as to adjust screen brightness and other system default settings, for example. In some embodiments, the step (722) may also be performed after step (716), followed by step (720).
[0098] Furthermore, when the UE (102) is in the energy-efficient power mode, the method (700) may include identifying, by the processor (812), a power mode parameter in the QoS profile of the active applications, where the power mode parameter indicates that the UE (102) is in the medium power mode or the low power mode, and transmitting, by the processor (812), the QoS profile including/along with the power mode parameter to the base station (114), and vice-versa.
[0099] In some embodiments, the UE (102) may include the system. The system may be configured to implement the method (700). FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram representing a computer system (800) in which the UE (102) or the system may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system (800) for adaptive receiver tuning includes a bus (808), communication port(s) (810), a processor (812), an external storage device (814), and a memory (816). The memory (816) may include a main memory (802), a read-only memory (804), and a mass storage memory (806). The system (800) may include more than one processor (812) and communication ports (810). The communication port(s) (810) may be any of an RS- 232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fibre, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) (810) may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the system (800) connects. The main memory (802) may be a random-access memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory (804) may be any static storage device(s) including, but not limited to, Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or basic input/output system (BIOS) instructions for the processor (812). The mass storage memory (806) may be any current or future mass storage solution, which may be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces).
[00100] The bus (808) communicatively couples the processor (812) with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus (808) can be, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)/PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), a universal serial bus (USB), or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such as front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor (812) to the system (800).
[00101] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g. a display, keyboard, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus (808) to support direct operator interaction with the system (800). Other operator and administrative interfaces may be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) (810). In some embodiments, the external storage device (814) may be any kind of external hard-drives, floppy drives, Compact Disc - Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disc - Re-Writable (CD-RW), Digital Video Disk - Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system (800) limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[00102] In an embodiment, the memory (816) is operatively coupled with the processor (812). The memory (816) stores instructions which, when executed by the processor (812), cause the processor (812) to determine one or more power profiles for each of a plurality of applications in the UE based on one or more parameters. The processor (812) is configured to enable the UE to initiate an energy-efficient power mode upon determining the one or more power profiles. Further, the processor (812) is configured to update a Quality of Service (QoS) profile of one or more active applications among the plurality of applications. The QoS profile of the one or more active applications is stored in a database and fetched when the UE initiates the energy-efficient power mode. Furthermore, processor (812) is configured to transmit the QoS profile of the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications to a base station associated with the system. Moreover, processor (812) is configured to adjust a configuration of the one or more active applications upon receiving a positive response message from the base station. Further, processor (812) is configured to enable the UE to switch to the energy-efficient power mode upon adjusting the configuration of the one or more active applications.
[00103] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the specification herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented merely as illustrative of the present disclosure and not as limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[00104] The present disclosure provides energy management for the UE with a communication mechanism that allows the UE to inform the network that the UE is in energy-efficient power mode.
[00105] The present disclosure provides a system that leverage real-time network information and the UE activity patterns to optimize energy consumption dynamically.
[00106] The present disclosure ensures that the UE operates efficiently, maximizing battery life while maintaining high-quality communication and service.
, Claims:1. A method (700) for energy management of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
determining (704), by a processor (812) associated with a system, one or more power profiles for each of a plurality of applications in the UE (102) based on one or more parameters;
enabling (708), by the processor (812), the UE (102) to initiate an energy-efficient power mode upon determining the one or more power profiles;
updating (712), by the processor (812), a Quality of Service (QoS) profile of one or more active applications among the plurality of applications, wherein the QoS profile of the one or more active applications is stored in a database (110) and fetched when the UE (102) initiates the energy-efficient power mode;
transmitting (714), by the processor (812), the QoS profile of the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications to a base station;
adjusting (718), by the processor (812), a configuration of the one or more active applications upon receiving a positive response message from the base station (114); and
enabling (720), by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode upon adjusting the configuration of the one or more active applications.

2. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, comprising storing, by the processor (812), the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications in the database (110) associated with the system, wherein the one or more power profiles comprise at least one of: a unique identifier, a power consumed by each of the plurality of applications, a data rate, a discharge rate of a battery associated with the UE (102), an estimated lifetime of each of the plurality of applications, an impact on battery life value, a foreground or background status, a criticality of each of the plurality of applications, and a priority of each of the plurality of applications.
3. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of: a battery level indicating an initial percentage of battery charge at a beginning of each of the plurality of applications, a discharge rate indicating an amount of power consumed per hour while each of the plurality of applications is in progress, a discharge duration of each of the plurality of applications, and a total power consumed by each of the plurality of applications.

4. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein prior to enabling the UE (102) to initiate the energy-efficient power mode, the method (700) comprises sending, by the processor (812), a capability message to the base station (114), wherein the capability message indicates that the UE (102) is capable of dynamically changing the QoS profile for enabling energy optimization.

5. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating, by the processor (812), the QoS profile for the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications comprises:
identifying, by the processor (812), a unique identifier of each of the plurality of applications;
determining, by the processor (812), the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications based on the unique identifier;
classifying, by the processor (812), the plurality of applications into one or more Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) services and one or more non-GBR services;
detecting, by the processor (812), one or more active GBR services among the one or more GBR services and one or more active non-GBR services among the one or more non-GBR services during a predefined time;
defining, by the processor (812), the QoS profile for each of the one or more active GBR services and each of the one or more active non-GBR services during the predefined time; and
updating, by the processor (812), the QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services and the one or more active non-GBR services in the UE (102), wherein the QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services is updated individually, and the QoS profile of the one or more active non-GBR services is updated in an aggregate manner.

6. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode comprises:
enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to send a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session resource modify request to the base station (114), wherein the UE (102) sends the PDU session resource modify request to update at least one of: a UE power mode, a UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) downlink resource, a UE AMBR uplink resource, and an averaging window duration to the base station (114), wherein the PDU session resource modify request comprises a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) configuration update message indicating a micro sleep duration for the UE, and wherein the base station sends the PDU session resource modify request to a network and receives a PDU session resource modify response from the network;
receiving, by the processor (812), the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114);
updating, by the processor (812), one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications; and
enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode in response to updating the one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications.

7. The method (700) as claimed in claim 7, wherein receiving, by the processor (812), the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114) comprises:
receiving, by the processor (812), a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration request from the base station (114); and
transmitting, by the processor (812), a RRC reconfiguration response to the base station to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114).
8. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on at least one of: one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications or a battery percentage, wherein the energy-efficient power mode is at least one of: a medium power mode and a low power mode,
wherein the method (700) comprises enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the medium power mode when the battery percentage is within a first threshold range, and wherein the method (700) comprises enabling, by the processor, the UE (102) to switch to the low power mode when the battery percentage is within a second threshold range.

9. The method (700) as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the UE (102) is in the energy-efficient power mode, the method (700) comprises:
identifying, by the processor (812), a power mode parameter in the QoS profile of the one or more active applications, wherein the power mode parameter indicates that the UE (102) is in the medium power mode or the low power mode; and
transmitting, by the processor (812), the QoS profile comprising the power mode parameter to the base station (114).

10. The method (700) as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the UE (102) launches a new application in the energy-efficient power mode, the method comprises performing, by the processor (812), one of:
assigning, by the processor (812), a new power profile for the new application based on a detection that a predefined power profile is unavailable for the new application, and enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on the new power profile; or
applying, by the processor (812), the predefined power profile for the new application based on a detection that the predefined power profile is available for the new application, and enabling, by the processor (812), the UE (102) to launch the new application in the energy-efficient power mode based on the predefined power profile.

11. A system for energy management of a user equipment (UE) (102), comprising:
a processor (812); and
a memory (816) operatively coupled with the processor (812), wherein the memory (816) stores instructions which, when executed by the processor (812), cause the processor (812) to:
determine one or more power profiles for each of a plurality of applications in the UE (102) based on one or more parameters;
enable the UE (102) to initiate an energy-efficient power mode upon determining the one or more power profiles;
update a Quality of Service (QoS) profile of one or more active applications among the plurality of applications, wherein the QoS profile of the one or more active applications is stored in a database (110) and fetched when the UE (102) initiates the energy-efficient power mode;
transmit the QoS profile of the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications to a base station (114);
adjust a configuration of the one or more active applications upon receiving a positive response message from the base station (114); and
enable the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode upon adjusting the configuration of the one or more active applications.

12. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (812) is configured to store the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications in the database (110) associated with the system, wherein the one or more power profiles comprise at least one of: a unique identifier, a power consumed by each of the plurality of applications, a data rate, a discharge rate of a battery associated with the UE (102), an estimated lifetime of each of the plurality of applications, an impact on battery life value, a foreground or background status, a criticality of each of the plurality of applications, and a priority of each of the plurality of applications.

13. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of: a battery level indicating an initial percentage of battery charge at a beginning of each of the plurality of applications, a discharge rate indicating an amount of power consumed per hour while each of the plurality of applications is in progress, a discharge duration of each of the plurality of applications, and a total power consumed by each of the plurality of applications.

14. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein prior to enabling the UE (102) to initiate the energy-efficient power mode, the processor (812) is configured to send a capability message to the base station (114), wherein the capability message indicates that the UE (102) is capable of dynamically changing the QoS profile for enabling energy optimization.

15. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (812) is to update the QoS profile for the one or more active applications among the plurality of applications by being configured to:
identify a unique identifier of each of the plurality of applications;
determine the one or more power profiles of each of the plurality of applications based on the unique identifier;
classify the plurality of applications into one or more Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) services and one or more non- GBR services upon determining the one or more power profiles;
detect one or more active GBR services among the one or more GBR services and one or more active non-GBR services among the one or more non-GBR services during a predefined time;
define the QoS profile for each of the one or more active GBR services and each of the one or more active non-GBR services during the predefined time; and
update the QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services and the one or more active non-GBR services in the UE (102), wherein the QoS profile of the one or more active GBR services is updated individually, and the QoS profile of the one or more active non-GBR services is updated in an aggregate manner.

16. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (812) is to enable the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode by being configured to:
enable the UE (102) to send a PDU session resource modify request to the base station, wherein the UE (102) sends the PDU session resource modify request to update at least one of: a UE power mode, a UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) downlink resource, a UE AMBR uplink resource, and an averaging window duration to the base station, wherein the PDU session resource modify request comprises a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) configuration update message indicating a micro sleep duration for the UE, wherein the base station sends the PDU session resource modify request to a network and receives a PDU session resource modify response from the network;
receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114);
update one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications; and
enable the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode in response to updating the one or more settings of each of the plurality of applications.

17. The system as claimed in claim 16, wherein the processor (812) is to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station by being configured to:
receive a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration request from the base station (114); and
transmit a RRC reconfiguration response to the base station (114) to receive the PDU session resource modify response from the base station (114).

18. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein when the UE (102) is in the energy-efficient power mode, the processor (812) is configured to:
identify a power mode parameter in the QoS profile of each active application, wherein the power mode parameter indicates that the UE (102) is in the medium power mode or the low power mode; and
transmit the QoS profile comprising the power mode parameter to the base station (114).

19. The system as claimed in claim 18, wherein when the UE (102) launches a new application in the energy-efficient power mode, the processor (812) is configured to perform one of:
assign a new power profile for the new application based on a detection that a predefined power profile is unavailable for the new application, and enable the UE (102) to switch to the energy-efficient power mode based on the new power profile; or
apply the predefined power profile for the new application based on a detection that the predefined power profile is available for the new application, and enable the UE (102) to launch the new application in the energy-efficient power mode based on the predefined power profile.