Description:SYNERGISTIC INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION

FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel, synergistic insecticidal composition for controlling insect pests, particularly in rice crop. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing said insecticidal composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The term insect pest applies to any insect that inflicts damage to crops, animals, or humans. Insect pests reduce plant yield potential and severe infestation can even kill plants and destroy the whole crop production. They cause significant damage to crop and plants through direct feeding (chewing, sucking, boring) and by indirectly transmitting diseases, leading to reduced yields and potential crop failure. Therefore, insects represent a serious problem in food production.

Insecticides are chemicals that are used to control insects by killing them or preventing them from engaging in undesirable or destructive behaviors. They are of varied types depending upon structure and mode of action. Lately, the use of combination of insecticides has emerged as an attractive agricultural practice to ensure broad spectrum control and reduction of the chemical load in the environment.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereal crops globally, serving as a staple food, fodder, and industrial raw material. However, rice production faces significant challenges due to insect pests, particularly the stem borer (Chilo partellus), Scipophaga incertulus and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). These pests cause severe damage by feeding on the plant tissues, reducing photosynthetic efficiency, and leading to considerable yield losses.

Six species of stemborer attack rice. The yellow stemborer, white stemborer, striped stemborer, gold-fringed stemborer, dark-headed striped stemborer, and the pink stemborer. Leaf folder (or) leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) Larva folds the leaves longitudinally and larva remains inside, scrapes the green tissues of the leaves, which later becomes white and dry. During severe infestation the whole field exhibits scorched appearance.

Effective pest management strategies are therefore essential to minimize these losses and ensure sustainable rice production. Chemical insecticides remain a key component of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, but the increasing resistance of insect pests and environmental concerns necessitate the development of novel insecticide formulations.

To address the problem, the present inventors have developed a ready-to-use synergistic insecticidal composition that has enhanced insecticidal efficacy, delays resistance development and provides a broad-spectrum control. The present invention also provides a process for preparing said insecticidal composition that has a reduced active dosage as compared to the cumulative dosage of the active ingredients applied as solo formulations.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition that are effective controlling two major pests: stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in agricultural crops, particularly Rice.

It is an object to provide a novel, stable, synergistic, insecticidal composition comprising a) Tetraniliprole b) Lambda cyhalothrin and c) vegetable oil along with at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a ready-to-use insecticidal composition that shows enhanced bioefficacy at a reduced active dosage as compared to the cumulative dosage of the insecticidal active formulations when applied individually.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition that is environmentally safe and non-phytotoxic.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing said synergistic insecticidal composition.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling or preventing insect pests on plants or propagation materials thereof, said method comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of the insecticide composition of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a novel, stable, synergistic, cost-effective insecticidal composition comprising
Tetraniliprole in an amount ranging from 5-25% w/w
Lambda cyhalothrin in an amount ranging from 3-20% w/w
vegetable oil in an amount ranging from 0.1-60%w/w and
at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel, stable, synergistic insecticidal composition that is effective in controlling Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) and Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in various agricultural crops particularly Rice.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing said insecticidal composition in the form of an oil dispersion, comprising specified steps.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling or preventing insect pests on plants or propagation materials thereof, said method comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of the insecticidal composition of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
Those skilled in the art will be aware that the invention described herein is subject to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the invention described herein includes all such variations and modifications. The invention also includes all such steps, features, compositions and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and all combinations of any two or more of said steps or features.

Unless otherwise specified, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of the ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. For further guidance, term definitions may be included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “plant” refers to any plant or part thereof including serial and subterranean parts of the plant. It is contemplated that the parts of the plant may be for example, flowers, fruits or vegetables, shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, fruiting bodies, seeds also roots and that parts of the plants may or may not be attached to the remainder of the plant.

The term “locus” of a plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on which the plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil.

The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.

It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, components or groups thereof.

The term "insects" as used herein, includes all organisms in the class "Insecta."

The term "Insecticidal" as used herein, refers to the ability of a pesticide to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects.

The term “insecticidally effective amount” refers to an amount of an insecticidal active that kills or inhibits the insect pest on which control is desired, in an amount not significantly toxic to the plant being treated.

The term “vegetable oil” are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Soybean oil, grape seed oil are examples of seed oils from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of oils from other parts of plants. In a broader sense, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. The term “vegetable oil” as used herein also includes a methylated seed oil or methylated vegetable oil which is a vegetable oil that has been modified through a process of esterification.

The abbreviation "D" as used herein, has been used in the context of particle size distribution. D90 means that 90% of the total particles are smaller than this size.

The terms “weight percent”, “wt-%”, “percent by weight”, “% by weight” and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as as used here, “percent “, “%” and the like are intended to be synonymous with “weight percent”, “wt. %”, etc.

Abbreviations:
DM Demineralised water
RTU Ready to use
QS Quantum satis
A.I/ a.i Active ingredient
Ai/ha Active ingredient per hectare
DAA Days after application
OD Oil Dispersion
RPM Revolutions per minute

Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.

Tetraniliprole is a diamide insecticide. It is a ryanodine receptor modulator, used to control various insect pests, particularly those that are Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. It interferes with the ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channels, leading to loss of muscle control and subsequent insect immobility. Tetraniliprole is a carboxamide that is cyantraniliprole in which the bromine atom has been replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl group. Its chemical structure is depicted as below:

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a broad spectrum synthetic pyrethroid that has contact and stomach action on the target pests. It disrupts the nervous system of insects, leading to rapid knockdown and mortality and has quick knockdown activity. It controls a wide spectrum of lepidopteran and coleopteran insects. Its chemical structure is depicted below:

The inclusion of vegetable oil improves the formulation's adherence to plant surfaces and enhances the penetration of active ingredients. The vegetable oil component of the insecticidal composition of the present invention offers several advantages like biodegradability, reduced run off, improved adhesion and penetration and synergistic effect.

The Applicant submits that the present invention does not use any biological material originating in India. The vegetable oil component used in the present invention was procured from 4825 Jalan Permatang Pauh, 13400 Butterworth, P.W. Malaysia.

A combination of agricultural pesticides may be applied sequentially, as a tank mix application or as a ready-to-use composition. Sequential application increases the chemical load in the soil and hence is not an environmentally friendly approach. A tank mix of pesticides in many cases results in a heterogenous solution and suffers from several other problems like difficult handling, sedimentation, etc. Hence a pre-mix composition or a ready to use composition is preferred over a tank mixture.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal composition which is a Ready to Use formulation (RTU). The ready to use formulation has various advantages over the tank mix of the active ingredients. The advantages associated with a ready to use composition include -very few or no inhalation hazards, easy handling, low chances of sedimentation, environmental safety, good efficacy, no or negligible phytotoxicity, lower transportation costs, and scientific practice as such a ready to use formulation is prepared after stability and compatibility studies. However, it is a known fact that not all actives are compatible with each other, and therefore rigorous efforts are required to develop a stable, synergistic, efficacious pesticidal composition or formulation.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a novel, synergistic insecticidal composition comprising a) Tetraniliprole b) Lambda cyhalothrin and c) vegetable oil along with at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising a) Tetraniliprole in an amount ranging from 5-25% w/w b) Lambda cyhalothrin in an amount ranging from 3-20% w/w and c) vegetable oil in an amount ranging from 0.1-60% w/w and d) least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal composition that provides enhanced insecticidal efficacy at reduced active dosage as compared to the cumulative dosage of the active ingredient compounds when applied as solo formulations.

In a preferred embodiment, Tetraniliprole is present in an amount of 16% w/w, Lambda cyhalothrin is present in an amount of 10% w/w, methylated vegetable oil is present in an amount of 0.1 %w/w along with at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal composition that effectively controls insect pests, particularly Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) and Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in agricultural crops.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal composition that effectively controls insect pests, particularly Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) and Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in agricultural crops, particularly Rice.
In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention effectively controls ESB (Early Shoot Borer), Chilo infuscatellus in Sugarcane, Helicoverpa in Tomato, Soyabean and oil seeds, Spodopetera and Pink bollworm in cotton and Chilli and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Maize.

In a preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is formulated in a form selected from the group comprising water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), dry flowables (DF), aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG). In a preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition is in the form of suspension concentrates (SC), water-dispersible granule (WDG) and wettable powder (WP).

In a more preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is formulated as an oil dispersion concentrate wherein said oil dispersion concentrate comprises Tetraniliprole active, lambda cyhalothrin active, vegetable oil, at least one dispersing agent, at least one emulsifier or wetting agent, at least one co-emulsifier and at least a carrier or filler.
In an embodiment, said at least one dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising the sodium lignosulphonates, sodium naphthalene sulphonate, formaldehyde condensates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, potassium salt and esters, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, proprietary blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in Secondary Alcohol, vegetable oil ethoxylate and combination thereof.

In an embodiment, at least one dispersing agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.5-5 % w/w. In a preferred embodiment, the dispersing agent is Proprietary Blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in secondary alcohol.

In an embodiment, said at least one emulsifier cum wetting agent is selected from the group comprising alkyl aryl EO-PO ethoxylates, Polysorbate 80/ Tween 80, Polysorbate 20/Tween 20, PEG400/PEG 200, Sorbitan hexa oleate/Sorbitan tri-oleate and Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent. In a preferred embodiment, said emulsifier is Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent. In an embodiment, emulsifier or wetting agent is present in an amount ranging from 1-30% w/w.

In a preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention further comprises a at least one co-emulsifier. In a preferred embodiment, said co-emulsifier is 12-Hydroxy Stearic Scid or Blend of Polyoxyethylene(5 to 60 M 12-Hydroxy Stearic Scid). In an embodiment, at least one co-emulsifier is present in in an amount ranging from 1-4% w/w.

In an embodiment, said at least one carrier or filler is selected from the group comprising organic solvents such as saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and cyclohexane, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, solvent C9 and xylene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, chlorobutane, mineral oil, a vegetable oil, an esterified vegetable oil, a methylated vegetable oil including but not limited to olive oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, palm-kernel oil, and soybean oil. In a preferred embodiment, said carrier or filler is methylated vegetable oil. In an embodiment, said carrier or filler is present in an amount ranging from 30-60% w/w.

Oil dispersion (OD) formulation offers following advantages over other formulation:
Better solubility for lipophilic ingredients – Ideal for herbicides with low water solubility.
Improved weed uptake – Oils enhance penetration through waxy leaf surfaces.
Greater rain fastness – Sticks better to plants, reducing wash-off after rain.
Reduced spray drift – Heavier droplets minimize off-target movement.
Uniform herbicide distribution – Ensures even coverage and better weed control.
Lower solvent use – Environmentally safer with fewer organic solvents.
Higher stability – More stable over time compared to water-based formulations.
Reduced phytotoxicity – Less risk of damaging non-target plants.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the insecticidal composition in the form of an oil dispersion, said process comprising:
Step 1: Charge the required amount of Methylated vegetable oil in a pre-mixing vessel and add the dispersing agent (Proprietary Blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in Secondary Alcohol, the wetting agent or emulsifier (Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent) and add the co-emulsifier (Blend of Polyoxyethylene (5 to 60 M 12-Hydroxy Stearic acid).
Step 2: Tetraniliprole technical was gradually added followed by addition of Lambda Cyhalothrin technical under continuous stirring.
Step 3: The material was passed through a Dyno Mill to reduce the particle size-D (90) below 15 µ.
Step 4: The material was then transferred in post mixing vessel and allowed to mix at low RPM to get a homogeneous suspension.
Step 5: After mixing till homogeneous, quality parameters including heat stability, cold stability, suspensibility were checked. Desired packaging was carried out.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that embodiment but are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present invention, and all such modifications need to be considered as within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention is further described in light of the following experiments which are set forth for illustrative purposes only and not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The following experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial scale.

EXAMPLES
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1: Preparation of herbicidal composition as oil dispersion
Table 1: Chemical composition of the present invention (in wt. percentage) coded as CI 1610 OD
S.no. Component Range
1. Tetraniliprole (technical) 16
2. Lambda cyhalothrin 10
3. Anionic dispersing agent (Proprietary Blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in Secondary Alcohol) 05
4. Emulsifier or wetting agent (Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent) 30
5. Co-emulsifier (Blend of Polyoxyethylene (5 to 60 M 12-Hydroxy Stearic Scid) 04
6. Carrier or filler (Methylated vegetable oil) 35

Preparation method of Oil dispersion (OD):
Step 1: Charge the required amount of Methylated vegetable oil in a pre-mixing vessel and add the dispersing agent (Proprietary Blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in Secondary Alcohol , the wetting agent or emulsifier (Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent) and add the co-emulsifier (Blend of Polyoxyethylene (5 to 60 M 12-Hydroxy Stearic acid).
Step 2: Tetraniliprole technical was gradually added followed by addition of Lambda Cyhalothrin technical under continuous stirring.
Step 3: The material was passed through a Dyno Mill to reduce the particle size-D (90) below 15 µ.
Step 4: The material was then transferred in post mixing vessel and allowed to mix at low RPM to get a homogeneous suspension.
Step 5: After mixing till homogeneous, quality parameters including heat stability, cold stability, suspensibility were checked. Desired packaging was carried out.

Example 2: Field evaluation of the bio efficacy of the present Insecticidal composition:
Location/Season/Crop:

The insecticidal combination (Tetraniliprole 16%+ Lambda cyhalothrin 10% + vegetable oil 0.1%) was tested for its bio-efficacy (in terms of percent insect control) against Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) and Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in Rice. The trial was conducted at Aurangabad, Maharashtra during the Kharif season 2024-25.

Trial Layout
The trial was conducted in a local variety of Rice in a plot size of 50sqm. The trial was laid out in a Random Block design consisting of a total of 12 treatments in three (3) replications.

Climatic conditions:
The trial was conducted at a temperature of 25? under 74% relative humidity with a wind speed of 3.7m/s.

Application:
The application of the insecticidal composition to be tested was carried out in a foliar over the top method.

The measured quantity of the chemical was added to the required volume of water at a rate of 375 L/ha. Initially, half of the required water volume was poured into the spray tank, followed by the addition of the chemical according to the specified dose. The remaining half of the water was then added, and the solution was stirred thoroughly to ensure proper mixing and complete coverage during spraying.

The treatment details are provided below:
Table 2: Treatment details
Treatment Dose a.i./ha (gm) Dose Formulation (gm/ml/ha)
Untreated - -
TTP 16% + Lamda 10% (OD) 40 + 22.5 250 ml
TTP 16% + Lamda 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 % (OD) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 250 ml
TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 200 + 450
TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC + Vegetable oil 0.1% (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 200 + 450 + 25 ml
TTP 20 SC 50 250 ml
Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC 25 500 ml
Vegetable oil 1% OD 0.25 25 ml
Note: TTP: Tetraniliprole
Lambda: Lambda cyhalothrin
OD: oil dispersion
ha: hectare
Ai: active ingredient
Each plot measured 5 × 5 meters, with cotton sown at a standard spacing. Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the study.

Example 3: Evaluation of Bio efficacy:
The bio-efficacy evaluation involved counting the number of live stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) for Rice (Oriza sativa.) on 10 tagged plants before application (pre-count) and at intervals of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after application (DAA), as well as at 5-day intervals thereafter until re-infestation. Observations included the count of live adults and nymphs from 30 leaves across the tagged plants. The percentage control of the live population was calculated using the formula based on the number of live sucking pests stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis).

Percent Control=(C-T)/C×100

Where C is No. of live stem borer/leaf folder population in control plot
T is No. of live stem borer/leaf folder population in treated plot

Data Collection:
Pest population assessment pre-treatment and post-treatment pest counts both stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) were recorded at 3, 7, and 10 days after treatment (DAT) from five randomly selected plants per plot. Crop parameters observations on crop vigor and leaf damage were taken to correlate pest suppression with plant health. Yield data the final seed cotton yield was recorded to assess treatment impact.

Statistical Analysis:
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA):
ANOVA was performed to compare the mean pest population, crop health parameters, and yield data across treatments. Significant differences among treatments were identified using the least significant difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level (Gomez & Gomez, 1984).

Application of Colby’s Method:
To determine interaction effects, the observed mortality rates of stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in two-way combinations were compared with expected mortality rates using Colby's formula (Colby, 1967).

The synergistic action expected for a given combination of two-way active components (Tetraniliprole + Lambda cyhalothrin) can be calculated as follows:
E=A+B-AB/100
Synergistic effects were indicated if the observed mortality was greater than the expected mortality, while antagonistic effects were noted if the observed mortality was lower.

Validation and Interpretation:
Results from ANOVA provided insights into treatment effectiveness, while Colby’s method elucidated the interactions among insecticide components. The combined results guided the evaluation of the novel formulation's performance in pest suppression and yield enhancement.

Table 3: Synergistic effect of Tetraniliprole 16% + Lamda cyhalothrin 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 %(OD) against stem borer (Chilo partellus) in Rice
S. No. Treatment Dose a.i./ha (gm) Dose Formulation (gm/ml/ha) % control (Observed- stem borer) % control
expected (Colby’s formula)
1 TTP 16% + Lamda 10% (OD) 40 + 22.5 250 ml 89.58 75.04
2 TTP 16% + Lamda 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 % (OD) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 200 + 450 + 25 ml 91.67 79.72
3 TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 200 + 450 83.33 75.04
4 TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC + Vegetable oil 0.1% (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 200 + 450 + 25 ml 81.25 79.72
5 TTP 20 SC 50 250 ml 52.08 -
6 Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC 25 500 ml 47.92 -
7 Vegetable oil 1% OD 0.25 25 ml 18.75
Note: TTP: Tetraniliprole
Lambda: Lambda cyhalothrin
OD: oil dispersion
ha: hectare
Ai: active ingredient

Calculation:
The synergistic action expected for a given combination of two-way active components can be calculated for stem borer:

Expected (E)=52.08+47.92-(52.08*47.92)/100

Expected (E)=75.04

Table 4: Synergistic effect of composition Tetraniliprole 16% + Lamda cyhalothrin 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 %(OD) against leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in Rice
S. no. Treatment Dose a.i./ha (gm) Dose Formulation (gm/ml/ha) %
control (Observed- leaf folder) % control expected (Colby’s formula)
1 TTP16% + Lamda 10% (OD) 40 + 22.5 250 ml 88.46 74.39
2 TTP 16% + Lamda 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 % (OD) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 200 + 450 + 25 ml 89.74 81.94
3 TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 200 + 450 85.90 74.39
4 TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC + Vegetable oil 0.1% (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 200 + 450 + 25 ml 87.18 81.94
5 TTP 20 SC 50 250 ml 51.28 -
6 Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC 25 500 ml 47.44 -
7 Vegetable oil 1% OD 0.25 25 ml 29.49
Note: TTP: Tetraniliprole
Lambda: Lambda cyhalothrin
OD: oil dispersion
ha: hectare
Ai: active ingredient

Calculation:
The synergistic action expected for a given combination of two-way active components can be calculated for leaf folder:
Expected (E)=51.28+47.44-(51.28*47.44)/100
Expected (E)=74.39

Example 4: Evaluation of Phytotoxicity:
Observations were recorded at 3, 7, and 10 days after application to evaluate potential phytotoxic effects. The parameters assessed included leaf injury on tips and surfaces, necrosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting. Each parameter was rated using a standard phytotoxicity scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicated no damage and 10 represented severe damage Table no. 3. This systematic approach ensured consistent and accurate assessment of the treatment's impact on plant health, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of its safety and suitability for use in cotton cultivation.

Table 5: Phytotoxicity symptoms Scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface
Leaf injury on tips/surface 0% 1-10% 11-20% 21-30% 31-40% 41-50% 51-60% 61-70% 71-80% 81-90% 91-100%
Rating 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 6: Observations on Phytotoxicity effect of composition Tetraniliprole 16% + Lamda cyhalothrin 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 %(OD) in Rice
Treatment Dose a.i./ha (gm) Dose Formulation (gm/ml/ha) 1DAA 3 DAA 5DAA 7 DAA 10DAA
Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0
TTP 16% + Lamda 10% (OD) 40 + 22.5 250 ml 0 0 0 0 0
TTP 16% + Lamda 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 % (OD) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 250 ml 0 0 0 0 0
TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 200 + 450 0 0 0 0 0
TTP 20 SC + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC + Vegetable oil 0.1% (Tank Mix) 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 200 + 450 + 25 ml 0 0 0 0 0
TTP 20 SC 50 250 ml 0 0 0 0 0
Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC 25 500 ml 0 0 0 0 0
Vegetable oil 1% OD 0.25 25 ml 0 0 0 0 0
Note: TTP: Tetraniliprole
Lambda: Lambda cyhalothrin
OD: oil dispersion
ha: hectare
ai: active ingredient

Results and Discussion
Phytotoxicity observations:
Phytotoxicity symptoms on rice crop, including leaf injury on tips and surfaces, were systematically scored and rated using a standardized scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicated no visible symptoms and 10 represented severe damage. Table 4 records the observations during the evaluation carried out at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after application of the tested composition, no phytotoxicity symptoms such as necrosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty, or wilting were observed on the treated crop.

The absence of leaf injury and other adverse effects confirmed the safety of the tested insecticidal composition, indicating its suitability for use against stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) without compromising the health and vigour of the rice crop.

Conclusion
The efficacy of the preferred composition comprising Tetraniliprole 16% + Lamda cyhalothrin 10% + Vegetable oil 0.1 %(OD) against stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) on cotton was evaluated using ANOVA and Colby’s method to assess pest control and synergistic effects. The study tested insecticidal composition of Tetraniliprole + Lambda cyhalothrin+ Vegetable oil at a dosage of 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 a.i (g)./ha, alongside other doses, to determine their effectiveness in reducing pest infestations and enhancing crop yields.

ANOVA results revealed significant differences in pest reduction and yield improvements across the tested doses. The optimised dosage of 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 a.i (g)/ha demonstrated superior control over stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) infestations, which were measured on five leaves per plant. This dosage consistently achieved the best outcomes in terms of pest mortality and crop yield, with statistically significant improvements compared to lower doses or individual components.

Colby’s method was employed to evaluate potential synergistic interactions between the formulation’s components. The analysis confirmed synergy, as the observed pest mortality rates exceeded the expected additive effects at all doses tested. The synergy was most pronounced at the highest dose of 40+ 22.5+ 0.25 a.i (g) /ha), where the combined formulation exhibited amplified efficacy.

The results underscore the robustness of the presently disclosed composition as a pest management solution for rice. The observed synergy not only enhances pest control but also ensures higher yields, making the formulation a valuable component of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.

By improving both pest control and productivity, the presently disclosed composition provides significant economic and agricultural benefits to the rice growing farmers. The insecticidal composition comprising Tetraniliprole 16% + Lamda cyhalothrin 10% and Vegetable oil 0.1 %(OD) was found to be highly effective in controlling stem borer (Chilo partellus) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) on cotton crop.

The optimal active ingredient dose of 40 + 22.5 + 0.25 a.i (g)/ha consistently delivered the best results, offering a sustainable and economical approach to pest management. The synergy observed further enhances its efficacy, making it a reliable tool for improving yields and reducing pest-related losses in rice cultivation.
, Claims:We Claim:
1. An insecticidal composition comprising:
a. Tetraniliprole in an amount ranging from 5-25 %w/w
b. Lambda cyhalothrin in an amount ranging from 3-20 %w/w
c. Vegetable oil in an amount ranging from 0.1-60% w/w
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

2. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said insecticidal composition is formulated in the form selected from the group comprising water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-dispersion (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), dry flowables (DF), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), aqueous Suspo-emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG).

3. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said insecticidal composition is formulated as an oil dispersion.

4. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient is selected from the group comprising a dispersing agent, an emulsifier-cum-wetting agent and carrier or filler.

5. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising sodium lignosulphonates, sodium naphthalene sulphonate, formaldehyde condensates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, potassium salt and esters, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, proprietary blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in Secondary Alcohol, vegetable oil ethoxylate or combinations thereof.

6. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said emulsifier cum wetting agent is selected from the group comprising alkyl aryl EO-PO ethoxylates, Polysorbate 80/ Tween 80, Polysorbate 20/Tween 20, PEG400/PEG 200, Sorbitan hexa oleate/Sorbitan tri-oleate and Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent.

7. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said carrier or filler is selected from the group comprising the group comprising organic solvents such as saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and cyclohexane, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, solvent C9 and xylene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, chlorobutane, mineral oil, a vegetable oil, an esterified vegetable oil, a methylated vegetable oil including but not limited to olive oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, palm-kernel oil, and soybean oil.

8. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said insecticidal composition comprises Tetraniliprole in an amount ranging from 5-25 %w/w, Lambda cyhalothrin an amount of 3-20 % w/w , vegetable oil in an amount of 0.1-60% w/w, at least one dispersing agent is present in an amount of 0.5-5% w/w, said at least one emulsifier-cum-wetting agent is present in an amount of 1-30% w/w and at least one carrier or filler is present in an amount ranging from 30-60 % w/w.

9. A process for preparing an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 as an oil dispersion comprising:

charging the required amount of carrier or filler (methylated vegetable oil) in a pre-mixing vessel and adding to it, the dispersing agent (Proprietary Blend of Anionic Dispersing Agent in Secondary Alcohol, the wetting agent or emulsifier (Proprietary Blend of Non-ionic surfactant in Aromatic Solvent) and the co-emulsifier (Blend of Polyoxyethylene (5 to 60 M 12-Hydroxy Stearic acid);
adding under continuous stirring Tetraniliprole technical and Lambda Cyhalothrin technical to the mixture obtained in step 1;
passing the material through a Dyno Mill to obtain particle size D (90) value of below 15 µ;
transferring the material was in post mixing vessel and allowing to mix at low RPM to get a homogeneous suspension; and
homogenizing the mixture, assessing quality parameters including heat stability, cold stability, suspensibility and testing, and proceeding to packaging or transferring the final product to a storage vessel.

10. A method for controlling or preventing insect pests on plants or propagation materials thereof, said method comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of the insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 1-8.