Description:FIELD OF INVENTION:
[001] The present invention relates to the field of battery management systems (BMS). More particularly, it pertains to a compact, integrated BMS module using a System on Module (SoM) for efficient battery management.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
[002] Battery management systems (BMS) are critical for ensuring the safe, efficient, and reliable operation of battery packs in various applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage systems, and consumer electronics. Traditional BMS designs typically involve multiple discrete components for monitoring, control, fault detection, and communication. These separate components often result in larger, more complex systems, increasing both the physical footprint and manufacturing costs.
[003] One major drawback of traditional BMS designs is their lack of integration. With components being physically separated, the overall system becomes more complex and prone to failure. Communication between subsystems may be slower, and data exchange is often less efficient, reducing the responsiveness of the system. Additionally, because these systems often use older, less precise balancing techniques, they can struggle to maintain uniform battery performance across all cells. This leads to suboptimal energy use and can reduce the lifespan of the battery.
[004] Furthermore, the separate nature of traditional BMS designs contributes to higher manufacturing costs. Each component needs to be individually sourced, integrated, and tested, leading to an increase in both production time and cost. The larger physical footprint also requires more space within the device or vehicle, which is a significant disadvantage in applications where space is limited, such as electric vehicles or portable energy storage systems.
[005] Traditional BMS designs also tend to lack scalability and flexibility. For example, in applications with varying battery configurations or capacities, the system may require significant modifications or additional components to function optimally. This makes traditional BMS systems less adaptable to a wide range of applications and more difficult to scale efficiently.
[006] In conclusion, while traditional BMS solutions have served their purpose in specific applications, they suffer from significant drawbacks, including poor integration, increased complexity, a large physical footprint, and inefficient energy management. These limitations highlight the pressing need for a more compact, efficient, and scalable battery management solution.
[007] The increasing demand for more compact and efficient BMS systems has brought to light the shortcomings of conventional designs. There is a clear need for an integrated solution that not only reduces physical space requirements but also enhances performance, scalability, and reliability. This need is especially critical in applications with stringent space constraints, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and portable energy storage systems. Thus, the development of a more integrated and efficient BMS that minimizes system complexity and footprint, while improving or maintaining performance, has become highly necessary.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
[008] The present invention addresses the shortcomings of existing BMS systems by providing an integrated Battery Management System (BMS) module that incorporates critical components within a System on Module (SoM). The SoM integrates key elements such as an Analog Front-End (AFE), Microcontroller Unit (MCU), Controller Area Network (CAN) Transceiver, Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMICs), Isolators, and Gate Drivers.
[009] This integrated design enables improved space utilization, enhanced performance, and greater system reliability while reducing the physical footprint and overall system complexity. The compactness of the BMS module makes it suitable for a variety of applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and consumer electronics. The integrated SoM ensures better scalability, ease of customization, and robust operation in harsh environments.
[010] According to an aspect of the present invention, a battery management system (BMS) module comprising: a system on a module (SoM) wherein the system on a module (SoM) comprising subsystems: an analog front-end (AFE); a microcontroller unit (MCU; a Controller Area Network (CAN) transceiver; power management integrated circuits (PMICs); isolators, and gate drivers, wherein the system employs cell balancing techniques, including both active and passive balancing methods, ensuring uniform battery performance by regulating the voltage of each battery cell to remain within the optimal voltage range.

[011] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the system on a module (SoM) is configured to reduce the physical footprint of the BMS, making it suitable for applications with limited space.
[012] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of all subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) streamlines power delivery, communication, and control, leading to improved efficiency and performance.
[013] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the AFE is configured to perform signal conditioning, data acquisition, noise filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion.
[014] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the microcontroller unit (MCU) is configured to process sensor data, run control algorithms, manage communication, and control cell balancing and protection systems.
[015] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the CAN transceiver facilitates communication between the system on a module (SoM) and external devices by transmitting data from the MCU over the CAN bus.
[016] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the PMICs ensure stable and efficient power levels for different components, manage power distribution, and coordinate battery charging cycles.
[017] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the isolators protect sensitive electronics from high voltage, prevent ground loops, and reduce noise interference.
[018] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the gate drivers control power devices, ensuring efficient switching and reliable operation.
[019] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the system on a module (SoM) is adaptable to different battery configurations and capacities, including but not limited to Lithium-ion, LiFePO4, Solid-State, Lead-Acid, and modular battery packs.
[020] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the centralized design of the system on a module (SoM) simplifies fault diagnosis and maintenance, enhancing the overall reliability of the BMS.
[021] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the system on a module (SoM) packaging provides electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ruggedness.
[022] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the system on a module (SoM) achieves a 40-60% reduction in size.

[023] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the dimensions and physical characteristics of the SoM are around 25mm in length, 25mm in breadth and 3mm in thickness.
[024] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) results in an energy efficiency improvement of 10%-20%.
[025] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) extends the battery lifespan by 20-30%.

[026] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) reduces fault detection response time by 50%.
[027] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) enables faster communication for real-time adjustments
[028] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) improves power delivery by reducing losses and optimizing power flow within the system.
[029] It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the integration of subsystems within the system on a module (SoM) communicates by providing seamless data exchange via integrated interfaces for real-time monitoring.
[030] It is yet another aspect of the present invention, wherein a method for improved energy efficiency in a battery management system (BMS) module, comprising the steps of: integrating a system on a module (SoM) that comprises an analog front-end (AFE), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a Controller Area Network (CAN) transceiver, power management integrated circuits (PMICs), isolators, and gate drivers; reducing losses and optimizing power flow within the integrated system by integrating subsystems within the system on a module (SoM);enhancing communication by providing seamless data exchange via integrated interfaces for real-time monitoring.
[031] It is yet another aspect of the present invention wherein the method of integrating the system on a module (SoM) comprising the steps of: collecting the battery sensors data by Analog Front-End (AFE); transmitting the collected data from analog signals to digital format by the MCU for performing decisions; processing the transmitted data as information by CAN;
[032] enabling the system to share the transmitted data with external devices by CAN transceiver;
[033] directing the power management, communication, and protection of subsystems while sharing the data depending on the processed information by PMICs, and regulating power and ensuring safe operation of BMS by PMICs, gate drivers, and isolators depending on the MCU’s instructions.
[034] It is yet another aspect of the present invention, wherein the system employs cell balancing techniques, including both active and passive balancing methods, ensuring uniform battery performance by regulating the voltage of each battery cell to remain within the optimal voltage range.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
[035] Referring now to drawings wherein the illustrations are for purpose of depicting a possible embodiment of the invention only, and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
[036] Figure 1: Illustrates the SOM according to the present invention
[037] Figure 2: Illustrates the schematic functional diagram of the Battery Management System present invention

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[038] The Battery Management System (BMS) module integrated within a System on Module (SoM) 1 represents a modern, efficient solution for the management of battery packs, particularly in applications like electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and other portable devices. Traditional BMS designs often involve multiple discrete components, which can lead to increased system complexity, space consumption, and higher costs. In contrast, the BMS module described here integrates several critical subsystems into a single compact unit, enabling a more streamlined, space-efficient, and cost-effective solution. This integration not only simplifies the design process but also enhances performance by reducing the number of components and connections that could otherwise introduce failure points or inefficiencies.
[039] The primary purpose of the BMS module is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of a battery pack. It continuously monitors vital battery parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to ensure that the battery operates within safe and optimal conditions. By doing so, it protects the battery from conditions such as overcharging, overheating, deep discharging, and short circuits, all of which could damage the battery or shorten its lifespan. Additionally, the BMS is responsible for balancing the voltage across individual battery cells, ensuring that all cells operate within their optimal voltage range, thus promoting overall battery performance and extending battery life.
[040] One of the most significant advantages of the BMS module integrated into the SoM 1is the way it consolidates multiple subsystems into a single, compact design. The Analog Front-End (AFE) 2 plays a crucial role in collecting data from the battery’s sensors (such as voltage, current, and temperature) and converting these analog signals into digital data for processing. The AFE 2 not only performs the analog-to-digital conversion but also ensures the accuracy of the measurements by filtering out any unwanted noise or interference from the sensor signals. This data is then sent to the Microcontroller Unit (MCU) 3, which is the central processing unit of the BMS. The MCU 3 processes the sensor data, runs control algorithms, and makes real-time decisions regarding the battery’s operations, such as initiating cell balancing, activating protective measures, or communicating with external systems.
[041] The BMS module integrates several key components into a compact System on Module (SoM) 1 that facilitates efficient battery management. The Analog Front-End (AFE) 2 interfaces with the battery cells, collecting essential data such as voltage, current, and temperature. This data is converted into digital signals for processing by the Microcontroller Unit (MCU) 3, monitoring battery health, optimizing performance, and controlling functions like cell balancing. The CAN Transceiver enables communication with external systems by sending and receiving data between the MCU 3 and other devices via the CAN protocol.
[042] A critical component of the BMS is the Controller Area Network (CAN) Transceiver, which enables communication between the BMS and external systems such as electric vehicle controllers or energy storage management systems. The CAN transceiver receives processed data from the MCU 3 and transmits it over the CAN bus, ensuring seamless integration and real-time data exchange between the BMS and external devices. This communication is essential for monitoring the battery's health and status, allowing operators or other systems to take corrective actions if necessary, such as adjusting the charging rate or initiating a fault response. Additionally, the CAN transceiver ensures reliable data transfer by detecting transmission errors and ensuring data integrity.
[043] The micro controller unit (MCU) 3 also plays a central role in managing the Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMIC). PMIC 4 are crucial for regulating voltage levels, ensuring that all components of the BMS receive the appropriate power supply. They distribute power to the AFE 2, MCU 3, communication modules, and other subsystems, maintaining overall system stability and preventing power-related issues. PMIC 4 also manage the charging and discharging cycles of the battery, preventing overcharging or deep discharge that could harm the battery and ensuring that the battery operates efficiently over a longer period. The interaction between the MCU 3 and the PMIC 4 is key to optimizing power usage and prolonging the battery's lifespan.
[044] Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMIC) 4 distribute power to all subsystems and manage voltage levels, ensuring stable operation. The Isolators provide electrical isolation between high-voltage and low-voltage sections to protect sensitive components and maintain signal integrity. Gate Drivers 5 control power devices like MOSFETs, facilitating efficient charge/discharge cycles and cell balancing.
[045] The PCB houses and interconnects all these components, with careful placement to minimize interference and ensure high signal integrity. The final SoM 1 is encapsulated to provide protection against environmental factors and ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ruggedness. This integrated design leads to improved performance, efficiency, and reliability in various applications, from electric vehicles to energy storage systems.
[046] The Isolators and Gate Drivers 5 are components that work together to protect the system from high voltage spikes and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Isolators are critical for safeguarding sensitive electronics such as the MCU and AFE 2 from potential damage due to voltage surges or noise. Gate Drivers 5 control the switching of power devices, which in turn regulate the charging and discharging cycles of the battery. These components work in conjunction with the MCU’s 3 control algorithms to ensure that power is delivered efficiently and safely, and that the battery remains within its operational parameters at all times. The Gate Drivers 5 are particularly important because they enable the precise management of power flow to and from the battery pack, a function that is essential for ensuring battery safety and longevity.
[047] This integrated approach, where each component works in close coordination, ensures that the battery management system operates efficiently, safely, and reliably. The MCU 3 acts as the central coordinator that manages data flow, communicates with external systems, and executes control algorithms for managing cell balancing, charging cycles, and fault detection. The AFE 2 continuously provides the MCU 3 with up-to-date sensor data, which is then used to make decisions about the battery's operational state. By centralizing the control in the MCU 3, the system can optimize battery performance while reducing complexity, minimizing space requirements, and improving system scalability. The compact design is ideal for space-limited applications, such as electric vehicles, where a small form factor is crucial, and energy efficiency is paramount.
[048] Moreover, the integration of subsystems into a single SoM 1 allows for significant cost reductions. By eliminating the need for multiple discrete components, the BMS module reduces both manufacturing costs and the complexity of system integration. The result is a system that not only performs well but is also easier and more cost-effective to produce and maintain. The improved reliability and scalability also ensure that the BMS can be easily adapted for a range of applications, from small, portable devices to large energy storage systems.
[049] The BMS module integrated into a System on Module (SoM) 1 marks a significant leap forward in battery management technology. It enhances the overall performance, reliability, and efficiency of battery systems while reducing system complexity, cost, and space requirements. The seamless interaction of components, including the Analog Front-End (AFE) 2, Microcontroller Unit (MCU) 3, Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMIC) 4, Controller Area Network (CAN) transceiver, and protection circuits, enables intelligent and responsive battery management. This ensures that the battery operates within safe limits, optimizes its lifespan, and fulfills the demands of modern applications that require compact, space-efficient solutions. The integrated design is ideal for use in electric vehicles, portable energy storage systems, and other battery-powered devices, offering a versatile, reliable, and scalable BMS solution.
[050] The Power Management Unit (PMU) is a critical component in maintaining the stability and reliable operation of the BMS module. It ensures that power is supplied to key subsystems such as the MCU, AFE 2, and communication modules, facilitating the smooth and coordinated functioning of the entire system. The PMIC 4 play an essential role in managing power flow, regulating voltage levels, and distributing power across the various subsystems. They also oversee the charging and discharging cycles of the battery, preventing overcharging and deep discharge, which could otherwise damage the battery. PMIC 4 further enhance the system’s energy efficiency by minimizing power loss and reducing unnecessary consumption, all while protecting the system from overvoltage, undervoltage, and thermal issues.
[051] The Cell Balancing Circuit is responsible for ensuring that the battery cells operate within safe, balanced conditions, promoting uniform performance and extending battery life. Meanwhile, the AFE 2 collects data from the battery sensors, which is then processed by the MCU. The MCU 3 serves as the central coordinator, managing the flow of data, running control algorithms, and overseeing communication between subsystems. The CAN transceiver allows the system to share processed data with external devices, enabling seamless integration with other systems like electric vehicle controllers or energy management systems. Throughout this process, the MCU 3 directs power management, protection, and communication subsystems based on the data it receives, ensuring that all components work in unison to achieve optimal battery performance.
[052] The present invention as illustrated in Fig. 1 the method of collecting battery sensor data through the AFE 2, converting analog signals to digital format by the MCU 3, and transmitting this data via the CAN transceiver. The processed data is shared with external devices, enabling seamless communication. Based on this information, the PMIC 4 manage power distribution and ensure safe operation, while the Gate Drivers 5 and isolators, under the direction of the MCU 3, regulate power and protect the system. This interconnected system optimizes battery performance, enhances safety, and reduces overall complexity, providing a robust and scalable solution for modern battery management.
[053] The integrated BMS module within the SoM 1 optimizes battery management by harmonizing all its components. The MCU 3 acts as the central hub for managing data, control, and communication across the system. The AFE 2 collects critical sensor data, which is processed by the MCU 3 to make informed decisions and drive the actions of the power management, protection, and communication subsystems. The PMIC 4, Gate Drivers 5, and isolators operate under the MCU’s 3 instructions to ensure safe and efficient battery operation, while the CAN transceiver enables communication with external devices. This integrated approach allows the BMS to perform as a cohesive, efficient unit, reducing system complexity and footprint.
[054] The Battery Management System (BMS) that is integrated into a System on Module (SoM) 1 has the Onboard flash for data storage, wireless communication,6 .as shown in Fig.1 typically refers to the portions of the system architecture that are designed to accommodate future upgrades, additions, or modifications. These expansions could be related but not confined to hardware, software, or additional features as the technology or system requirements evolve.
[055] In an embodiment, a method for extending battery lifespan in a BMS module, comprising the integration of a system on a module (SoM) 1 with an AFE 2, MCU, CAN transceiver, PMIC 4s, isolators, and Gate Drivers 5. This integration extends battery lifespan by 20-30% compared to traditional designs by minimizing energy losses, optimizing power management, and improving control and monitoring.
[056] In another embodiment, a method for reducing fault detection response time in a BMS module, comprising the integration of an SoM 1with an AFE 2, MCU 3, CAN transceiver, PMIC 4, isolators, and Gate Drivers 5. This integrated system reduces fault detection response time by 50% compared to traditional BMS systems, enabling faster identification of faults and improving overall system safety and reliability.
[057] In yet another embodiment, a method for enabling faster communication for real-time adjustments in a BMS module, comprising the integration of an SoM 1with an AFE 2, MCU 3, CAN transceiver, PMIC 4, isolators, and Gate Drivers 5. This integration enables faster communication for dynamic real-time adjustments, optimizing battery performance and enhancing overall system efficiency.
[058] The BMS module of the present invention is designed to provide efficient and safe battery management across a wide range of applications. These include electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage, energy storage systems (ESS), uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), industrial equipment, and consumer electronics. The module ensures that batteries in these systems operate safely, efficiently, and reliably, making it suitable for environments that require precise and dynamic control over battery functions.
[059] To facilitate communication within these systems, the BMS module supports a variety of communication protocols. For high-speed communication, it utilizes the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, while the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol is used for low-speed sensor data. The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is implemented for high-speed peripheral devices, and the Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) protocol is used for diagnostic tools. Additionally, the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is employed to control Gate Drivers 5 and manage the charge/discharge cycles of the battery, ensuring seamless and efficient operation.
[060] The BMS module is designed to meet various safety and performance standards, such as UL and ISO 26262, ensuring its compliance with energy efficiency, thermal management, cell balancing, and communication protocols like CAN and UART. The module also adheres to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, making it suitable for a wide range of applications where performance, safety, and reliability are critical.
[061] During the development of the BMS module, traditional BMS designs, cell balancing techniques, CAN bus protocols, power management integrated circuits (PMIC) 4, battery monitoring ICs, thermal management solutions, and safety standards such as ISO 26262 and UL were thoroughly reviewed. This process ensured that the module offers improved performance, more efficient power management, and enhanced safety features compared to existing solutions.
[062] The BMS module offers several significant advantages across different applications. For electric vehicles (EVs), the module optimizes battery pack space, improving the vehicle's range. In energy storage systems, the compact design makes it ideal for applications where space is limited. Electric bicycles and tricycles benefit from the reduced weight and improved design flexibility, while portable power solutions gain enhanced portability due to smaller battery packs. In consumer electronics, the BMS module supports efficient power management for devices such as drones and robotics, contributing to better performance and longer battery life. These benefits result in improved efficiency, design flexibility, and overall system performance.
[063] The integrated System on Module (SoM) 1design offers substantial size reduction compared to traditional BMS solutions. Specifically, the SoM 1achieves a 40-60% reduction in size by integrating multiple components into a single, miniaturized module and optimizing power management functions. This compact design makes the SoM 1 ideal for applications where space is a critical constraint. Additionally, the SoM 1supports various battery configurations, including Lithium-ion, LiFePO4, Solid-State, and Lead-Acid batteries, making it versatile and adaptable to different energy storage requirements. The modularity of the SoM 1 also allows for scalability, accommodating both small and large battery packs depending on the application.
[064] The integration of subsystems within the SoM 1 leads to improved power delivery and communication. By unifying multiple functions into one system, the SoM 1 reduces power losses and optimizes the power flow, improving energy efficiency by 10-20%. The integrated communication interfaces enable seamless data exchange for real-time monitoring, contributing to faster fault detection (around 50% improvement) and enhanced battery performance. This integration leads to significant improvements in battery lifespan, with a 20-30% increase in battery life due to more precise management of charging and discharging cycles, while also allowing for faster communication that facilitates real-time adjustments for improved system performance.
[065] In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the Battery Management System (BMS), designated as 'EF BMS' for Enhanced Functionality, utilizes a comprehensive architecture to ensure optimal battery pack management. As illustrated in the figure, the system integrates an Analog Front-End (AFE) for precise measurement of cell voltages, temperatures, and current via a sensing resistor, enabling accurate State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) estimations. The AFE transmits this data to a Microcontroller Unit (MCU), which acts as the central processing hub, implementing protection logics and controlling the Charge/Discharge FET to safeguard the battery. The MCU also facilitates cell balancing, ensuring uniform voltage distribution across the battery cells, thereby prolonging battery lifespan. Communication with external devices is achieved through CAN/UART RS232 ports, while an SD-Card provides data logging capabilities for performance analysis. This integrated design, incorporating temperature sensors for both external and FET monitoring, ensures a robust and reliable battery management solution.
[066] Finally, the SoM 1 accommodates a range of battery configurations and provides scalability that enhances its versatility. For instance, it supports various battery types, such as Lithium-ion, LiFePO4, Solid-State, and Lead-Acid, and is compatible with modular battery packs for scalability. This makes the SoM 1 adaptable for applications in electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and portable power solutions, where different battery sizes and chemistries are required. Its scalability ensures that it can efficiently manage battery configurations ranging from small to large-scale applications, offering a high degree of flexibility in diverse environments. This scalability is particularly advantageous for industries that demand a range of battery sizes and require efficient management of different battery chemistries and configurations.

Advantages of the Invention
[067] Compact Design:
a. The integration of subsystems within the SoM 1 leads to a significant reduction in the physical footprint of the BMS. This compact design is particularly advantageous for applications with limited space, such as small electric vehicles and portable electronics, where efficient use of space is critical for performance and practicality.
[068] Improved Efficiency:
By streamlining power delivery and communication within a single module, the SoM 1 enhances overall system efficiency. The unified architecture reduces energy losses, optimizes power flow, and ensures that each subsystem operates at peak performance. This efficiency extends the life of the battery while minimizing energy waste, contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective system.
[069] Scalability:
The modular and adaptable design of the SoM 1 allows it to be easily scaled to accommodate varying battery configurations, capacities, and system requirements. Whether for small portable devices or large-scale energy storage solutions, the SoM 1 can be customized to meet the specific needs of diverse applications, providing flexibility and future-proofing for evolving technologies.
[070] Enhanced Reliability:
a. With a centralized design, the BMS module simplifies diagnostics and troubleshooting, leading to improved system reliability. The integrated approach reduces the complexity of maintaining and servicing the system, while the high electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ensures stable operation in challenging environments. These factors together contribute to the module’s robustness, ensuring longevity and dependable performance.
[071] Ruggedness:
The integrated components within the SoM 1 are designed to withstand harsh conditions, including high-voltage environments and electromagnetic interference. This ruggedness ensures the BMS module can operate reliably in a wide range of demanding industrial and outdoor applications, making it suitable for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and other high-performance sectors.
[072] Efficient Power Delivery:
a. The SoM’s 1 unified system significantly reduces power losses and optimizes the flow of energy throughout the system. By ensuring that each component receives the necessary power efficiently, the overall system's energy usage is optimized, which enhances battery performance and contributes to its longevity.
[073] Enhanced Communication:
Seamless communication between subsystems is achieved through integrated interfaces, enabling real-time monitoring and quick system adjustments. This improved communication enhances the overall responsiveness and coordination of the system, ensuring better battery management and overall system performance.
[074] Application-Specific Advantages:
[075] Electric Vehicles (EVs):
The compact design of the SoM 1maximizes battery pack space, thereby improving the vehicle’s range. More energy can be stored in the same amount of space, allowing for longer driving distances per charge.
[076] Energy Storage Systems (ESS):
The SoM’s 1 small size makes it ideal for integration in energy storage applications with limited space. Whether for residential or industrial storage, the SoM's compact form factor enables efficient energy storage without compromising capacity.
[077] Electric Bicycles/Tricycles:
The integration within the SoM 1reduces system weight, leading to lighter and more efficient electric bicycles and tricycles. This makes them more practical for use, with added flexibility in design for manufacturers.
[078] Portable Power Solutions:
For portable electronics or mobile energy systems, the SoM's compactness and efficiency enhance portability, making it an ideal choice for applications that require lightweight, high-performance battery management.
[079] Consumer Electronics:
The SoM 1 enables the creation of lightweight, efficient power management systems for consumer electronics, such as drones and robotics. These devices benefit from longer battery life, smaller size, and improved overall performance.
[080] Scalability Advantages:
[081] Electric Vehicles (EVs):
a. The SoM 1 can accommodate different battery sizes and chemistries, offering manufacturers the flexibility to choose the most appropriate battery for their vehicle’s requirements, optimizing both performance and cost.
[082] Energy Storage Systems (ESS):
The SoM 1supports both small and large-scale applications, from residential storage solutions to large-scale industrial systems, allowing it to be used across a wide range of energy storage needs.
[083] Portable Power Solutions:
The SoM's ability to manage varying battery sizes makes it suitable for diverse portable applications, ranging from small devices to larger power systems, enhancing versatility across multiple sectors.
[084] Overall, the SoM's 1 integration, scalability, and efficiency offer significant benefits across a variety of applications, ensuring versatility, improved performance, and reliable operation in electric vehicles, energy storage, portable power solutions, and consumer electronics.
[085] The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this specification. Modifications, variations, and alternative configurations can be made within the scope of the invention without departing from its core principles. The provided embodiments are meant to be exemplary and not exhaustive. Any alterations that align with the spirit of the invention, as defined by the claims, are included. Details such as materials, dimensions, and configurations are illustrative and may not be required for all embodiments. The invention encompasses any changes or adaptations that would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
[086] References to articles, technical papers or any art are for context and should not be interpreted as limiting the claims. The claims are intended to cover modifications, combinations, or improvements that fall within their scope. Thus, while specific embodiments are detailed, it is understood that any variations within the scope of the claims are considered part of the invention.
, Claims:1. A battery management system (BMS) module comprising a System on Module (SoM) (1), wherein said SoM (1) integrates an Analog Front-End (AFE) (2), a Microcontroller Unit (MCU) (3), a Controller Area Network (CAN) transceiver (6), Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMIC) (4), isolators (7), and Gate Drivers (5), configured for cell balancing through active and passive methods to maintain optimal battery cell voltage.
2. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SoM (1) reduces the physical footprint of the system by approximately 40 60%, making it suitable for space constrained applications.
3. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the AFE (2) performs signal conditioning, analog to digital conversion, noise filtering, voltage monitoring, temperature monitoring, and coulomb counting.
4. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MCU (3) processes sensor data, executes control algorithms, manages communication protocols, and directs the cell balancing and protection functions.
5. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PMIC (4) stabilizes power distribution across subsystems, manages charging cycles, and optimizes power efficiency, resulting in energy efficiency improvements of 10 20%.
6. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Gate Drivers (5) control the switching of power devices, ensuring efficient operation and protection against over current conditions.
7. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein isolators (7) ensure protection of sensitive electronics from high voltage, preventing ground loops and reducing electromagnetic interference.
8. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein said SoM (1) supports diverse battery chemistries including Lithium ion, LiFePO4, Solid State, and Lead Acid configurations.
9. The BMS module as claimed in claim 1, wherein integration of subsystems within the SoM (1) enhances fault diagnosis capabilities, reducing fault detection response time by approximately 50% and extending battery lifespan by 20 30%.
10. A method of operating the battery management system (BMS) module of claim 1, comprising:
i. acquiring battery sensor data via the Analog Front End (AFE) (2);
ii. converting the acquired data into digital signals by the MCU (3);
iii. processing digital signals and making control decisions for cell balancing, power management, and protection;
iv. communicating processed data to external devices through the CAN transceiver (6);
v. optimizing power flow and managing system operations through PMIC (4), Gate Drivers (5), and isolators (7) based on instructions from the MCU (3).