Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure pertains to the field of agrochemicals, particularly towards agricultural pest (insect pest) control and corresponding combinations. In particular, the present disclosure relates to Synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising two or more insecticide compounds for controlling harmful insect pests in crop using said synergistic insecticidal compositions. The present invention also provides the process of preparation of the composition and uses thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
Enhancement of agricultural produce requires the protection of the crops and its produce from pest damage. Various chemicals and their formulations have been developed and are in use currently for the effective management of insects and pests. Due to non-judicious use of the hitherto known pesticides, the pests gain resistance and become hard to kill. Physically compatible pesticide mixtures exhibit a better pest management. These mixtures show multifaceted advantages than when applied individually, providing a synergistic effect.
The need for more food has to be met through higher yields per unit of land, water, energy and time. Excessive use of mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticides has caused soil degradation, ground water pollution and the spread of the pest's resistant to pesticides in several areas. Hence their judicious use includes avoiding prophylactic sprays, adopting strip treatment, spot application to only those areas with heavy incidence of pests, application to the soil to avoid direct contact with the natural enemies and using selective or non-persistent pesticides.
Processes for insecticidal agents and compositions have been developed to control insect pests and in practice have been used as a single or a mixed agent. However, processes for the economically efficient and ecologically safe insect control compositions are still being sought. A process for the preparation of insecticidal compositions which allows for reduced effective dosage rates, increased environmental safety and lower incidence of insect resistance are highly desirable. Although the rotational application of insect control agents having different modes of action may be adopted for good pest management practice, this approach does not necessarily give satisfactory insect control. Further, even though combinations of insect control agents have been studied, a high synergistic action has not always been found. Obtaining an insecticidal composition which demonstrates no cross-resistance to existing insecticidal agents, no toxicity problems and little negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult.
Thus there is a need to develop and improve insecticidal compositions to increase agricultural yield. The composition should have high synergistic action, no cross resistance to existing insecticidal agents, avoid excess loading of the toxicant to the environment and negligible impact to environmental safety. A need also exists for synergistic insecticidal compositions which could be physico- compatible formulations in the form of storage stable, safely packed, ready to use formulation.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
a) It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a Synergistic insecticidal composition comprising two or more insecticides and process of preparation of the composition.
b) It is another object of the present disclosure to provide Synergistic insecticidal composition comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in Brinjal.
c) It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide Synergistic insecticidal composition comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in Cabbage.
d) It is yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a Synergistic comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in Brinjal and Cabbage, particularly one or more insect pest selected from jassids, and Diamond Back moth.
e) It is still another object of the present disclosure is to provide Synergistic insecticidal composition capable of exhibiting long lasting effect.
f) It is yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a low dose synergistic insecticidal composition having low toxicity towards non-target plants.
g) It is yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide Synergistic insecticidal composition that is safe and cost-effective.
h) It is still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic insecticidal Composition having high controlling effect with reduced crop protection cost, increased crop yield and reduced environmental load.
i) It is yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a Synergistic insecticidal composition also delays the dominance of the resistant strains of pests, has a broader spectrum of activity and reduces risk of developing resistance.
j) It is yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition also reduces the wear of equipment and losses caused by mechanical damage to crops and soil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides an insecticide composition comprising Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin and Diafenthiuron.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition of Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin and Diafenthiuron and agrochemically acceptable additives.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin and Diafenthiuron the composition possesses Insecticidal activity.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for effective control of various pest in crop.
In one aspect of the present invention, the Insecticidal composition of the present invention further comprises an agrochemically acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of Wetting cum dispersing agent, anti-freezing agent, dispersing agents, wetting agents, antifoaming agents, Rheology modifiers, spreader, stabilizers, biocides, Emulsifiers, colorants, Adjuvant, solvents, and the like.
In another aspect of the present invention, the Insecticidal composition is formulated as capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable 20 granule (EG) Emulsifiable water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsifiable for seed treatment (ES), Emulsifiable oil-in-water (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Oil Dispersion (OD).Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), soluble liquid (SL).
In another further aspect the insecticidal composition of the present invention is preferably formulated as a Suspension Concentrate (SC), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), SE (Suspo-emulsion) and OD (Oil Dispersion).
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the invention further provides the process for preparation of the said formulation wherein, the said formulation can be 5 one or more of capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG) Emulsifiable water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsifiable for seed treatment (ES), Emulsifiable oil-in-water (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion 10 (SE), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), soluble liquid (SL).
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the disclosure disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and “including” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As used in the description herein and throughout the numbered embodiments or claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in “includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, ratio and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the disclosure are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.”
Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable.
The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.
The headings and abstract of the disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illustrate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure otherwise claimed.
Various terms as used herein are described below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
The term “locus” as used herein means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. The term also includes the vicinity of a desired crop in which insect control is desired.
The term “insects” as used herein, includes all organisms in the class “Insecta”.
The term “crop” shall include a multitude of desired plants or an individual plant growing at a locus. As used herein, the term “plant” and “crop” have been used interchangeably throughout the present disclosure. Said term refers to all physical parts of a plant including foliage/leaves, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, and fruits.
The term “control” or “controlling” or “preventing” a pest refers to inhibiting or reducing the growth, reducing the ability of pest to grow or reproduce or proliferate or spread, including killing (e.g., causing the morbidity or mortality, or reduced fecundity) of pest. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing or retardation of the pest or decrease and treatment of the disease.
The term “pest” refers to an organism which is detrimental to the growth, reproduction, and/or viability of a plant, a portion of the plant or a plant seed. In one aspect, the pest is an insect.
The term “insecticides” as used herein, refer to chemicals used to control insects by
killing them or preventing them from engaging in undesirable or destructive behaviors.
The term “insecticidal” as used herein, refers to the ability of an insecticide to increase mortality inhibit growth rate of insects.
Insecticides are classified based on their structure and mode of action. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) classifies the various insecticides according to their mode of action.
Fluxametamide a novel wide‐spectrum insecticide that was discovered and synthesized by M/s. Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. It belongs to a class of compounds called isoxazolines, which are potent inhibitors of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate‐, and glycine‐gated chloride channels in insects, and exhibit high insecticidal activity against a variety of insect species, such as Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Acarina, and Diptera.
It has an IUPAC name 4-[(5RS)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-[EZ-(methoxyimino)methyl]-o-toluamide having chemical structure as:

FLUXAMETAMIDE
Bifenthrin with CAS registration number 82657-04-3,is a pyrethroid insecticide. It is a contact insecticide, and it acts by disrupting the gating mechanism of sodium channels that are involved in the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, causing rapid paralysis and death of the insects. Bifenthrin controls insect species such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and some Acarina.
It has an IUPAC name (2-methylbiphenyl-3yl-methyl-(Z)-(1RS, 3RS)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.

BIFENTHRIN
Diafenthiuron with CAS registration number 80060-09-9, is an aromatic ether that is 1,3-diisopropyl-5-phenoxybenzene it is used to control mites, aphids and whitefly in cotton. It has a role as an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and an insecticide. It is a thiourea acaricide, a thiourea insecticide and an aromatic ether.
It has an IUPAC name 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl] thiourea having chemical structure as:

DIAFENTHIURON
The present disclosure provides synergistic insecticidal composition comprising:
(a) at least one isoxazolines insecticide
(b) at least one pyrethroid insecticide
(c) at least one thiourea insecticide
(d) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In some embodiments, the synergistic insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest selected from Diamond backmoth, jassids, in a crop comprising:

(a) at least one isoxazolines insecticide
(b) at least one pyrethroid insecticide
(c) at least one thiourea insecticide
(d) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In some embodiment the isoxazolines insecticide is Fluxametamide.
In some embodiment the pyrethroid insecticide is Bifenthrin.
In Some embodiment thiourea insecticide is Diafenthiuron.
In some embodiments, the crop is Brinjal
In some embodiments, the crop is Cabbage.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides synergistic insecticidal composition comprising:
a) Fluxametamide;
b) Bifenthrin;
c) Diafenthiuron.; and
d) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient
In some embodiments, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises at least one or more agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In some embodiments, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from a group comprising adjuvant, solvent, wetting cum dispersing agent, Dispersing agent Emulsifiers dispersing agent, Antifoaming agent, stabilizing agent, anti-freezing agent, biocide, Rheology modifiers, solvent ,Spreading agent, coloring agent and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable solvent is selected from aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, Methyl ester of vegetable oil, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, and also water. The Solvent is present in an amount of from 1.0% to 95.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In one embodiment, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants/crops may contain ionic and nonionic dispersing agents to enable disintegration of granules in water with ease, such as salts of polystyrenesulphonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulphonic acids, salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulphonic acid, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction combinations of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, acrylic copolymers, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, furthermore alkyl ethoxylates and alkylarylethoxylates. The preferred dispersing agents include sodium naphthalene sulfonateformaldehyde condensate, polyethyleneglycol mono- [2,4,6-tris (1-phenylethyl] phenyl ether or a combination thereof. The dispersing agent is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In one embodiment, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants/crops may contain stabilizers. Such stabilizers may include carboxylic acids, such as citric acid and butenedioic acid or inorganic components such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate The Stabilizers is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 3% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants/crops of the present disclosure comprise at least one antifoaming agent which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. In some embodiments, the preferred antifoaming agents are selected from silicone oil, modified polydimethylsiloxane, magnesium stearate or a suitable combination thereof. The antifoaming is present in an amount of from 0.01% to 7.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the biocide is Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. The Biocide is present in an amount of from 0% to 3.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the spreader is Propane-1,2,3-triol. The spreader is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 3% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, Emulsifier is selected from ethoxylated propoxylated alcohols, alkylphenolethoxylates, alkoxylated tristyrylphenols, ethoxylated propoxylated polyaryl phenol, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated ricinoleic acid triglycerides, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, castor oil ethoxylate, alkoxylated phosphate ester or a combination thereof. The Emulsifier is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising of precipitated silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or combination thereof; The Rheology modifier is present in an amount of from 0.01% to 12.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment adjuvant is Piperonyl – Butoxide (PBO). It acts by interfering with MFO (mixed function oxidase) of insects and reduces the rate of Oxidative detoxification. In other words, the oxidase inhibitor PBO prevents the metabolic degradation of pyrethroids, isoxazolines and Thiourea insecticides. The adjuvant is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% .by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment anti freezing agent is selected from the group comprising of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propane-1,2,3-triol, urea or combination thereof. The anti freezing is present in an amount of from 0% to 15.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment pH Stabilizers is selected from the group comprising of pH Stabilizers selected from the group comprising of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium phosphate, citric acid, trisodium citrate, monoethanol amine, triethanol amine, triethylamine, dibasic esters selected from dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, or combination thereof.The pH Stabilizers is present in an amount of from 0% to 15.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment about 0.05% to 5% coloring agent by weight of the formulation selected from dye and pigment. The coloring agent is present in an amount of from 0.05% to 5% by weight based on a total weight of the composition
In some embodiments, the Synergistic insecticidal composition comprises:
(e) at least one isoxazolines insecticide
(f) at least one pyrethroid insecticide
(g) at least one thiourea insecticide
(h) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In some embodiments, the Synergistic insecticidal composition comprises:
a) at least one isoxazolines insecticide at an amount of about 1% w/w to 40 % w/w;
b) at least one pyrethroid insecticide at an amount of about 1 % w/w to 40 % w/w;
c) at least one thiourea insecticide at an amount of about 1 % w/w to 40 % w/w; and
d) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount 0.01 % w/w to 90 % w/w of the composition.

In exemplary embodiments, the Synergistic insecticidal composition comprises:
a) Fluxametamide at an amount 1 % w/w to 40 % w/w;
b) Bifenthrin at an amount 1 % w/w to 40 % w/w;
c) Diafenthiuron at an amount 1 % w/w to 40% w/w; and
c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount 0.01 % w/w to 90 % w/w of the composition.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the invention further provides the process for preparation of the said formulation wherein, the said formulation can be one or more of as suspension concentrate (SC), wettable granules (WG), wettable powder (WP), a water dispersible granule (WDG), a water dispersible tablet (WT), an ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), a water soluble powder (SP), a suspo-emulsion (SE), granule (GR), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an oil-in-water or water in oil emulsion (EW), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), a capsule suspension (CS), seed treatment (FS) , a Dustable powder (DP) or an aerosol (AE).
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formulation is Suspension concentrate (SC), Flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS), suspo- emulsion (SE) and Oil Dispersion (OD).
The composition of the present invention is effective for management of insect or pests selected from one or more of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Brinjal (Solanum melongena L). Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticumaestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays),
In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a insecticidal combination or composition comprising of Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin and Diafenthiuron to control the pathogenic microorganism on economically important crops such as Cabbage and Brinjal.
The invention is illustrated by the experiments as exemplified below.
Examples:
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1: Preparation of insecticidal composition as Suspension concentrates (SC):
In an embodiment, the chemical composition of the present insecticidal is depicted below in Table 1 below:
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Fluxametamide 2.8 Active Ingredient
Bifenthrin 3.0 Active Ingredient
Diafenthiuron 27.0 Active Ingredient
Polyalkoxylated butyl ether block co-polymer 2.00 Emulsifier
Ethoxylated tristyrylphenol 2.00 Emulsifier
Nonionic proprietary surfactant blend 2.00 Dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 2.00 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2,3-triol 6.50 Antifreezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.30 Antifoaming agent
Citric acid 0.20 pH stabilizer
Sodium benzoate 1.50 Stabilizing agent
Precipitated Silica 1.00 Rheology modifier
Rhodopol 23 0.10 Rheology modifier
Piperonyl- Butoxide (PBO) 0.2 Adjuvant
Demineralized water Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for preparing Suspension concentrate (SC) formulation:
In a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer, demineralized water is initially charged. The following components are added sequentially under continuous homogenization: Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (preservative), Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion (defoamer or wetting aid), Propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol) (humectant/stabilizer), Nonionic proprietary surfactant blend (emulsifier/dispersant), Acrylic copolymer (stabilizing polymer/thickener),Butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer (dispersant or emulsifier) are added and homogenize thoroughly to form a uniform premix. The active ingredients—Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin, and Diafenthiuron—along with an appropriate adjuvant, are added to the premix. Homogenization is continued to ensure thorough mixing and dispersion, forming a uniform slurry. The slurry is then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to reduce particle size, targeting a final d(90) < 20 microns. The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Under continuous stirring, the following are added: Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), a 2% Xanthan gum solution in demineralized water as a rheology modifier. Stirring is continued until a complete and uniform dispersion is achieved, resulting in a homogeneous Suspension Concentrate (SC). Finally, Sodium benzoate and Citric acid are incorporated to ensure microbial stability and to adjust the pH of the final formulation.
Table 2. Flowable Suspension for Seed Treatment (FS) Formulation.
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Fluxametamide 2.80 Active Ingredient
Bifenthrin 3.50 Active Ingredient
Diafenthiuron 27.00 Active Ingredient
Nonionic proprietary surfactant blend
2.00 Wetting cum dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 2.00 Dispersing agent
Butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer 2.00 Dispersing agent/Emulsifier
Propane-1,2,3-triol 10.00 Anti freezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.80 Antifoaming agent
Xanthum gum (2 % w/w aqueous) 8.00 Rheology modifier
Propane-1,2,3-triol 0.80 Adjuvant
Dye/Pigment 0.50 Coloring Agent
Citric Acid 0.15 pH adjuster
Sodium Benzoate 0.50 Stabilizer
Piperonyl- Butoxide (PBO) 0.5 Adjuvant
Demineralized Water Balance to 100 Solvent
Process for preparing Flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) formulation:
a) In demineralized water, dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, spreader, propane-1,2,3-triol, nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer are added into a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer.
b) The mixture is homogenized for a sufficient duration to ensure thorough dispersion of all ingredients.
c) The active ingredients—Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin, and Diafenthiuron—along with a coloring agent, are added to the mixture.
d) Homogenization is continued to obtain a uniform slurry.
e) This slurry is then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation for particle size reduction, yielding a milled slurry with a target particle size of d(90) < 20 microns.
f) The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel equipped with a stirrer.
g) A 2% solution of Xanthan gum in demineralized water, serving as a rheology modifier, is added and thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform dispersion, resulting in a flowable suspension (FS) formulation of Fluxametamide for seed treatment.
h) Sodium Benzoate and Citric Acid are added for preservation and pH adjustment, thereby completing the final FS formulation.
 
Table 3. -Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Fluxametamide 2.8 Active Ingredient
Bifenthrin 3.0 Active Ingredient
Diafenthiuron 27.0 Active Ingredient
Polyalkoxylated butyl ether block co-polymer 2.00 Emulsifier
Ethoxylated tristyrylphenol 2.00 Emulsifier
Non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend 2.00 Dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 2.00 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2,3-triol 6.50 Anti freezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.30 Antifoaming agent
Citric acid 0.20 pH stabilizer
Sodium benzoate 1.50 Stabilizing agent
Precipitated Silica 1.00 Rheology modifier
Rhodopol 23 0.10 Rheology modifier
Piperonyl- Butoxide (PBO) 0.2 Adjuvant
Demineralized water Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for preparing Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation:
a) The active ingredient Bifenthrin is mixed with polyalkoxylated butyl ether block co-polymer and ethoxylated tristyrylphenol under continuous stirring to form the Bifenthrin oil phase.
b) In a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer, demineralized water is charged, Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, Propane-1,2,3-triol, Nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, Acrylic copolymer.
c) These ingredients are homogenized for a sufficient time to form a uniform mixture. Subsequently, the active ingredients Fluxametamide, Diafenthiuron, and precipitated silica are added, and homogenization is continued to form a slurry.
d) The slurry is then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to achieve particle size reduction, resulting in an aqueous dispersion with a target particle size of d(90) < 20 microns. The resulting aqueous phase is collected into a separate mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
e) The Bifenthrin oil phase is gradually added to the aqueous phase under continuous stirring at room temperature. Agitation is continued for an optimal duration to ensure proper emulsification.
f) A pH adjuster, stabilizer, and Rhodopol 23 (as a rheology modifier) are added to the mixture. Continuous stirring is maintained until a homogeneous suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation is obtained.

Table 4: Oil Dispersion (OD) Formulation
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Fluxametamide 2.8 Active Ingredient
Bifenthrin 3.0 Active Ingredient
Diafenthiuron 27.0 Active Ingredient
Castor oil ethoxylate (10 Mole) 6.00 Emulsifier
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 1.00 Emulsifier
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt 1.00 Emulsifier
Mixture of fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester 4.00 Emulsifier
Polymeric ester dispersant 0.5 Dispersing agent
Ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester 0.5 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2,3-triol 2.00 Anti freezing Agent
Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane 1.00 Adjuvant
Polydimethylsiloxane 0.30 Anti foaming agent
Fumed silica 1.50 Rheology modifier
Citric Acid 0.10 pH stabilizer
Bentonite clay 1.50 Rheology modifier
Piperonyl- Butoxide (PBO) 0.2 Adjuvant
Methyl ester of vegetable oil Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for preparing Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation:
a) In methyl ester of vegetable oil, the following components are added into a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer, Polyalkyleneoxide-modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polydimethylsiloxane, Propane-1,2,3-triol, Castor oil ethoxylate (10 mole), Calcium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, Ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester.
b) A mixture of fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester and polymeric ester dispersant is also added to the same pre-mixing vessel.
c) All the ingredients are homogenized thoroughly to obtain a uniform mixture.
d) The active ingredients—Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin, and Diafenthiuron—are added to the mixture, and homogenization is continued to form a slurry.
e) The slurry is passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to reduce the particle size, producing a milled slurry with a target particle size of d(90) < 20 microns.
f) The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
g) A pH stabilizer, bentonite clay, and fumed silica are added to the milled slurry under continuous stirring.
h) Mixing is continued until a homogeneous blend is achieved, resulting in the final pesticidal Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation.
 
Stability Data

Stability Study (Accelerated Storage test and low-temperature storage test)
According to the FAO/WHO manual, the “accelerated storage test” is considered as an indicative of product stability. That is, accelerated storage test data provides an indication that the product is stable for at least two years at ambient temperature. Further, the FAO/WHO manual indicates storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days as the default test conditions. Further, the FAO/WHO manual indicates low-temperature storage at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days.
The “ambient” is the sample at the room temperature which is before subjecting to the accelerated storage test.
The “accelerated storage” is the sample after subjecting the sample to accelerated storage tests at 54±2°C for 14 days.

Table 5: Stability data for suspension concentrate (SC) of Insecticidal composition
Sr. No. Test Unit of measurement Results
14 days Ambient 14 days
Accelerated storage at 54 °C
1 Appearance -- White to Off white homogeneous suspension free from extraneous matter White to Off white homogeneous suspension free from extraneous matter
2 Active content % w/w
As Fluxametamide 2.90 3.08
As Bifenthrin 3.39 3.48
As Diafenthiuron 29.01 28.91
3 Suspensibility gravimetrically in CIPAC standard water D at 25 ± 5°C. % w/w 95.3 95.8
4 pH 1% Aq Solution -- 5.30 5,75
5 Viscosity cPs 803 703
6 Wet Sieve retained on 75µ test sieve % w/w 0.10 0.10
7 Mean particle size (d90) µm 3.97 4.67
8 Density at 27 °C gm/ml 1.0346 Not applicable
9 Persistent Foam Ml 10 10
10 Pourability (as residue) % w/w 4.6 4.8
11 Spontaneity of dispersion in CIPAC standard water D at 30 ± 2°C % w/w 97.9 96.6
12 Stability at 0°C for 7 days -- After storage at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days, the formulation complies the general criteria of suspensibility and wet sieve test of formulation

Insecticidal composition meets the general criteria of suspension concentrates at elevated temperature 54±2° C for 14 days and low temperature at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days.

BIO EFFICACY STUDIES
Bio-efficacy of an Insecticidal Composition (Fluxametamide + Bifenthrin + Diafenthiuron) on brinjal and cabbage crops.
Synergistic effect was checked using Colby’s method for ternary mixes. In the Colby’s method, for a given combination of three active components, E (expected efficacy) can be expressed as:

E = A + B + C – (AB + AC + BC) + (ABC)
100 10000
Where, E = expected efficacy,

A, B and C = the efficacy of three active ingredients A, B and C at a given dose.

Synergy ratio (R) = Experimentally observed efficacy (O)
Expected efficacy (E)
If the synergism ratio (R) between observed and expected is >1 then synergy is exhibited, if R=1 then the effect is additive and if R<1 then the mix is antagonistic.
The experimental data was statistically analysed by Randomized Block Design (RBD) (One factor analysis) using OPSTAT HAU statistical software. The results are expressed as Mean ± SE (standard error) and data was statistically analysed by one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the level of significance set at p < 0.01.

Bio-efficacy evaluation on brinjal
Among solanaceous vegetables, brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important crops grown throughout India. Eggplant is also one among the few vegetables capable of high yields in hot-wet environments. Brinjal fruits are reasonable sources of high nutritive value and contains all the essential minerals, vitamins and amino acids. India is the second largest producer of brinjal in the world next to China. Insect-pests infestation is one the major constraints for commercial production in all brinjal growing areas. Generally, brinjal crop attacks by many insects such as shoot and fruit borer, leafhopper, whitefly, thrips, aphid, leaf roller, stem borer and blister beetle.

Example 1: Evaluation of Bio-efficacy of insecticidal Composition ((Fluxametamide + Bifenthrin + Diafenthiuron) against Jassid on Brinjal crop.
Table 6: Effect of Different Treatments on Jassid Population in Brinjal Crop.
Sr. no Treatment compositions Dose/ha Average no. of Jassid per leaf Per cent reduction over control Colby’s synergistic ratio
Dosage/ ha a.i. (gm) Formulation (gm/ml) 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT % Control 5 DAT % Control 10 DAT 5 DAT 10 DAT
1 Fluxametamide 10% w/w EC 40 400 8.63
(3.01) 9.12
(3.12) 11.03
(3.21) 12.46
(3.74) 60.89 54.84 - -
2 Bifenthrin 10% EC 50 500 15.12
(4.03) 15.20
(4.05) 16.34
(4.17) 18.30
(4.55) 34.82 33.67 - -
3 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 600 12.36
(3.72) 12.48
(3.86) 14.24
(4.00) 16.57
(4.19) 46.48 39.94 - -
4 Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 40 + 50 + 300 400 + 500 + 600 2.86
(1.78) 3.02
(1.97) 4.35
(2.28) 4.62
(2.43) 87.05 83.25 1.01 1.02
5 Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% 14.40 + 20 + 200 800 4.58
(2.51) 4.89
(2.57) 5.78
(2.70) 7.25
(2.89) 79.03 73.72 0.92 0.90
6 Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% 16.20 + 22.50 + 225 900 3.67
(2.04) 4.11
(2.17) 5.04
(2.64) 6.74
(2.76) 82.38 75.57 0.95 0.92
7 Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% 18 + 25 + 250 1000 3.45
(2.01) 3.87
(2.06) 4.71
(2.69) 5.87
(2.73) 83.40 78.72 0.97 0.96
8 Untreated Check - - 20.24
(4.96) 23.32
(5.02) 26.77
(5.26) 27.59
(5.44) - - - -
CD at 5% - - (0.25) (0.26) (0.25) (0.23) - - - -
SE (m) - - (0.07) (0.09) (0.08) (0.06) - - - -

Among all the treatments the tank-mix combinations of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha was observed with highest per cent control of the population of jassid recorded with 87.05% and 83.25% control at 5th and 10th day after spray, respectively followed by Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% @ 18 + 25 + 250 gm a.i./ha, Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% @ 16.20 + 22.50 + 225 gm a.i./ha and Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% @ 14.40 + 20 + 200 gm a.i./ha. All the doses of pre-mix formulation of Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% applied @ 18 + 25 + 250 gm a.i./ha, 16.20 + 22.50 + 225 gm a.i./ha and 14.40 + 20 + 200 gm a.i./ha observed with 78.72%, 75.57% and 73.72% reduction over untreated control at 10th DAS, respectively.
All the doses of Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% showed better efficacy compared to the individual applications of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha (54.84%), Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha (33.67%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (39.94%) against jassid of brinjal at 10th day after spray. Among the treatments only tank-mix combination of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 25 gm a.i./ha showed synergistic effect with the synergistic ratio 1.02 (>1) at 10 DAS. (Table 6).

Table 7: Effect of Different Treatments on Jassid Population in Brinjal Crop.
Sr. No. Treatment compositions Dose/ha Average no. Jassid per leaf Per cent reduction over control Colby’s synergistic ratio
Dosage/ ha a.i. (gm) Formulation (gm/ml) 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT % Control 5 DAT % Control 10 DAT 5 DAT 10 DAT
1 Fluxametamide 10% w/w EC 40 400 8.57
(3.72) 8.21
(3.64) 12.35
(3.95) 14.47
(4.26) 65.00 51.99 - -
2 Bifenthrin 10% EC 50 500 15.27
(4.45) 14.98
(4.34) 18.17
(4.58) 20.13
(4.75) 36.15 33.21 - -
3 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 600 13.49
(4.07) 13.87
(4.19) 17.43
(4.51) 19.83
(4.63) 40.88 34.21 - -
4 Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 40 + 50 + 300 400 + 500 + 600 3.52
(3.08) 2.81
(2.67) 4.56
(3.17) 4.76
(3.19) 88.02 84.21 1.01 1.07
5 Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% 22.40 + 28 + 216 800 4.78
(3.21) 3.93
(3.11) 6.24
(3.41) 7.02
(3.54) 83.25 76.71 0.96 0.97
6 Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% 25.20 + 31.50 + 243 900 2.89
(1.97) 1.87
(1.43) 2.68
(1.86) 3.57
(2.97) 92.03

88.16 1.06 1.12
7 Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% 28 + 35 + 270 1000 3.40
(2.95) 1.34
(1.22) 2.55
(1.79) 3.33
(2.94) 94.29 88.95 1.09 1.13
8 Untreated Check - - 21.29
(4.87) 23.46
(5.13) 28.20
(5.25) 30.14
(5.86) - - - -
CD at 5% - - (0.26) (0.29) (0.27) (0.23) - - - -
SE (m) - - (0.07) (0.08) (0.06) (0.05) - - - -

Among all the doses of combination and individual treatments, Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 28 + 35 + 270 gm a.i./ha was observed with highest per cent control of jassid population recorded with 88.95% control at 10th DAS and found at par with Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 25.20 + 31.50 + 243 gm a.i./ha (88.16%) and Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (84.21%) followed by Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 22.40 + 28 + 216 gm a.i./ha (76.71%) at 10th DAS.
All the doses of Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% showed better efficacy compared to the individual applications of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha (51.99%), Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha (33.21%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (34.21%) against jassid of brinjal at 10th day after spray. Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 25.20 + 31.50 + 243 gm a.i./ha showed synergistic effect with the synergistic ratio 1.12 (>1) at 10 DAS. (Table 7).

Table 8: Effect of Different Treatments on Jassid Population in Brinjal Crop.
Sr. No. Treatment compositions Dose/ha Average no. Jassid per leaf Per cent reduction over control Colby’s synergistic ratio
Dosage/ ha a.i. (gm) Formulation (gm/ml) 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT % Control 5 DAT % Control 10 DAT 5 DAT 10 DAT
1 Fluxametamide 10% w/w EC 40 400 8.35
(3.56) 8.24
(3.49) 10.23
(3.95) 14.52
(4.75) 67.44 51.95 - -
2 Bifenthrin 10% EC 50 500 14.57
(4.78) 13.93
(4.62) 17.39
(4.82) 19.58
(4.97) 44.96 35.21 - -
3 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 600 12.14
(4.58) 11.74
(4.37) 14.56
(4.77) 16.79
(4.74) 53.62 44.44 - -
4 Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 40 + 50 + 300 400 + 500 + 600 3.32
(2.26) 1.83
(1.71) 2.43
(1.97) 4.87
(2.76) 92.77 83.88 1.01 1.01
5 Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% 30.40 + 36 + 232 800 4.26
(2.53) 1.33
(1.45) 2.76
(2.05) 3.21
(2.25) 94.75 89.38 1.03 1.08
6 Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% 34.20 + 40.50 + 261 900 3.02
(2.14) 1.08
(1.24) 2.19
(1.84) 3.03
(2.17) 95.73 89.97 1.04 1.09
7 Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% 38 + 45 + 290 1000 2.37
(1.92) 0.86
(1.40) 1.98
(1.76) 2.84
(2.15) 96.60 90.60 1.05 1.10
8 Untreated Check - - 23.34
(5.10) 25.31
(5.35) 29.13
(5.70) 30.22
(6.07)- - - - -
CD at 5% - - (0.22) (0.25) (0.28) (0.24) - - - -
SE (m) - - (0.06) (0.07) (0.09) (0.07) - - - -

Among all the doses of combination and individual treatments, Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% @ 38 + 45 + 290 gm a.i./ha was observed with highest per cent control of jassid recorded with 90.60% control and found at par with Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% @ 34.20 + 40.50 + 261 gm a.i./ha (89.97%) and Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% @ 30.40 + 36 + 232 gm a.i./ha (89.38%) followed by Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (83.88%) at 10th DAS.
All the doses of Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% showed better efficacy compared to the individual applications of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha (51.95%), Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha (35.21%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (44.44%) against jassid of brinjal at 10th day after spray. T4, T5, T6 & T7 showed synergistic effect with the synergistic ratio 1.01, 1.08, 1.09 & 1.10 (>1) at 10 DAS, respectively. (Table 8).
Bio-efficacy evaluation on cabbage

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a hardy vegetable that grows especially well in fertile soils all year round and is becoming an important source of livelihood for small scale farmers. It is an important and popular vegetable cultivated. It has high nutritive value supplying essential vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and vital minerals. The crop is prone for infestation by a number of insect pests consisting sucking and defoliating insects starting from germination to harvesting stage of the crop. In India, a total of 37 (thirty-seven) insect pests have been reported to feed on cabbage, of which the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella Linneaus and cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linneaus are the major constraints for profitable cultivation of the crop.

Table 9: Effect of different treatments on the infestation of Diamond back moth in Cabbage.
Sr. No. Treatment compositions Dose/ha Number of DBM per 5 plants Per cent reduction over control Colby’s synergistic ratio
Dosage/ ha a.i. (gm) Formulation (gm/ml) 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT % Control 5 DAT % Control 10 DAT 5 DAT 10 DAT
1 Fluxametamide 10% w/w EC 40 400 8.64
(4.02) 9.15
(4.08) 11.07
(4.29) 12.48
(4.31) 60.86 54.80 - -
2 Bifenthrin 10% EC 50 500 15.17
(4.41) 15.23
(4.49) 18.48
(4.73) 19.39
(4.86) 34.86 29.77 - -
3 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 600 12.38
(4.27) 12.49
(4.32) 15.25
(4.52) 16.60
(4.59) 46.58 39.88 - -
4 Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 40 + 50 + 300 400 + 500 + 600 2.89
(2.12) 3.06
(2.25) 4.40
(3.39) 4.65
(3.52) 86.91 83.16 1.01 1.03
5 Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% 14.40 + 20 + 200 800 4.60
(3.48) 4.92
(3.61) 5.82
(3.87) 7.27
(3.97) 78.96 73.67 0.91 0.91
6 Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% 16.20 + 22.50 + 225 900 3.69
(2.87) 4.14
(3.35) 5.10
(3.64) 6.75
(3.85) 82.29 75.55 0.95 0.93
7 Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% 18 + 25 + 250 1000 3.48
(2.73) 3.88
(2.94) 4.76
(3.58) 5.90
(3.72) 83.40 78.63 0.97 0.97
8 Untreated Check - - 20.26
(4.94) 23.38
(5.09) 26.85
(5.37)- 27.61
(5.88) - - - -
CD at 5% - - (0.28) (0.29) (0.30) (0.34) - - - -
SE (m) - - (0.06) (0.08) (0.09) (0.11) - - - -

Among all the treatments the tank-mix combinations of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha was observed with highest per cent control of the population of Diamond backmoth recorded with 86.91% and 83.16% control at 5th and 10th day after spray, respectively followed by Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% @ 18 + 25 + 250 gm a.i./ha, Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% @ 16.20 + 22.50 + 225 gm a.i./ha and Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% @ 14.40 + 20 + 200 gm a.i./ha. All the doses of pre-mix formulation of Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% applied @ 18 + 25 + 250 gm a.i./ha, 16.20 + 22.50 + 225 gm a.i./ha and 14.40 + 20 + 200 gm a.i./ha observed with 78.63%, 75.55% and 73.67% reduction over untreated control at 10th DAS, respectively.
All the doses of Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25% showed better efficacy compared to the individual applications of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha (54.80%), Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha (29.77%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (39.88%) against Diamond backmoth of cabbage at 10th day after spray. Among the treatments only tank-mix combination of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha showed synergistic effect with the synergistic ratio 1.03 (>1) at 10 DAS. (Table 9).

Table 10: Effect of different treatments on the infestation of Diamond back moth in Cabbage.
Sr. No. Treatment compositions Dose/ha Number of DBM per 5 plants Per cent reduction over control Colby’s synergistic ratio
Dosage/ ha a.i. (gm) Formulation (gm/ml) 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT % Control 5 DAT % Control 10 DAT 5 DAT 10 DAT
1 Fluxametamide 10% w/w EC 40 400 8.58
(4.07) 8.23
(3.85) 12.38
(4.27) 14.48
(4.52) 64.95 51.97 - -
2 Bifenthrin 10% EC 50 500 15.30
(4.69) 15.02
(4.58) 18.19
(4.86) 20.16
(5.02) 36.03 33.13 - -
3 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 600 13.51
(4.32) 13.92
(4.47) 17.46
(4.74) 19.85
(4.95) 40.72 34.16 - -
4 Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 40 + 50 + 300 400 + 500 + 600 3.54
(2.46) 2.90
(2.11) 4.58
(3.32) 4.78
(3.45) 87.65 84.15 1.01 1.07
5 Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% 22.40 + 28 + 216 800 4.79
(3.47) 3.84
(2.73) 6.33
(3.45) 7.16
(3.62) 83.65 76.25 0.96 0.97
6 Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% 25.20 + 31.50 + 243 900 2.90
(1.94) 1.88
(1.63) 2.69
(1.85) 3.60
(2.54) 91.99 88.06 1.06 1.12
7 Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% 28 + 35 + 270 1000 3.41
(2.39) 1.35
(1.32) 2.57
(1.79) 3.35
(2.23) 94.25 88.89 1.09 1.13
8 Untreated Check - - 21.32
(5.08) 23.48
(5.63) 28.23
(5.73) 30.15
(5.92) - - - -
CD at 5% - - (0.26) (0.28) (0.31) (1.23) - - - -
SE (m) - - (0.09) (0.10) (0.14) (0.20) - - - -

Among all the doses of combination and individual treatments, Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 28 + 35 + 270 gm a.i./ha was observed with highest per cent control of Diamond backmoth population recorded with 88.89% control at 10th DAS and found at par with Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 25.20 + 31.50 + 243 gm a.i./ha (88.06%) and Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (84.15%) followed by Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 22.40 + 28 + 216 gm a.i./ha (76.25%) at 10th DAS.
All the doses of Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% showed better efficacy compared to the individual applications of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha (51.97%), Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha (33.13%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (34.16%) against Diamond backmoth of cabbage at 10th day after spray. Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 25.20 + 31.50 + 243 gm a.i./ha showed synergistic effect with the synergistic ratio 1.12 (>1) at 10 DAS. (Table 10).

Table 11: Effect of different treatments on the infestation of Diamond back moth in Cabbage.
Sr. No. Treatment compositions Dose/ha Number of DBM per 5 plants Per cent reduction over control Colby’s synergistic ratio
Dosage/ ha a.i. (gm) Formulation (gm/ml) 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT % Control 5 DAT % Control 10 DAT 5 DAT 10 DAT
1 Fluxametamide 10% w/w EC 40 400 8.37
(4.10) 8.25
(4.06) 10.24
(4.15) 14.63
(4.61) 67.44 51.60 - -
2 Bifenthrin 10% EC 50 500 14.58
(4.56) 13.94
(4.47) 17.40
(4.73) 19.59
(4.97) 44.99 35.20 - -
3 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 600 12.16
(4.39) 11.77
(4.32) 14.59
(4.58) 16.82
(4.66) 53.55 44.36 - -
4 Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 40 + 50 + 300 400 + 500 + 600 3.40
(2.67) 1.86
(1.72) 2.45
(1.79) 4.90
(3.86) 92.66 83.79 1.01 1.02
5 Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% 30.40 + 36 + 232 800 4.27
(3.59) 1.38
(1.28) 2.78
(1.86) 3.26
(2.43) 94.55 89.22 1.03 1.08
6 Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% 34.20 + 40.50 + 261 900 3.08
(2.19) 1.12
(1.07) 2.21
(1.63) 3.10
(2.32) 95.58 89.75 1.04 1.09
7 Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% 38 + 45 + 290 1000 2.42
(1.75) 0.88
(1.92) 1.99
(1.27) 3.02
(2.97) 96.53 90.01 1.05 1.09
8 Untreated Check - - 23.36
(5.61) 25.34
(5.67) 29.57
(5.72) 30.23
(5.88) - - - -
CD at 5% - - 0.26 0.27 0.30 0.32 - - - -
SE (m) - - 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.15 - - - -

Among all the doses of combination and individual treatments, Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% @ 38 + 45 + 290 gm a.i./ha was observed with highest per cent control of Diamond back moth recorded with 90.01% control and found at par with Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% @ 34.20 + 40.50 + 261 gm a.i./ha (89.75%) and Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% @ 30.40 + 36 + 232 gm a.i./ha (89.22%) followed by Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha + Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (83.79%) at 10th DAS.
All the doses of Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% showed better efficacy compared to the individual applications of Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 40 gm a.i./ha (51.60%), Bifenthrin 10% EC @ 50 gm a.i./ha (35.20%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 gm a.i./ha (44.36%) against Diamond back moth of cabbage at 10th day after spray. T4, T5, T6 & T7 showed synergistic effect with the synergistic ratio 1.02, 1.08, 1.09 & 1.09 (>1) at 10 DAS, respectively. (Table 11).
Phytoxicity observations:
Various insecticidal compositions of the present invention provided good control of brinjal jassid as well as tomato fruit borer as compared to the reference products. Further, the use of these insecticidal compositions resulted in better crop condition i.e. fresh green leaves and didn’t produce any phytotoxic symptoms on the plants. Table 8-13 depicts the phytotoxic effects of the various insecticidal compositions of the present invention on brinjal and cabbage at 5th, 10th and 15th DAS.

Phytotoxicity rating scale
Rating Crop Injury (%) Description
0 - No symptoms
1 1-10 slight discoloration
2 11-20 More severe, but not lasting
3 21-30 Moderate and more lasting
4 31-40 Medium and lasting
5 41-50 Moderately heavy
6 51-60 Heavy
7 61-70 Very heavy
8 71-80 Nearly destroyed
9 81-90 Destroyed
10 91-100 Completely destroyed

Table 12: Phytotoxic effects of the insecticidal composition of “Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25%” on brinjal.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 
Table 13: Phytotoxic effects of the insecticidal composition of “Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27%” on brinjal.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 14: Phytotoxic effects of the insecticidal composition of “Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29%” on brinjal.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 15: Phytotoxic effects of the insecticidal composition of “Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25%” on cabbage.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 16: Phytotoxic effects of the insecticidal composition of “Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27%” on cabbage.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 17: Phytotoxic effects of the insecticidal composition of “Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29%” on cabbage.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conclusion
After evaluation of three formulations i.e., Fluxametamide 1.8% + Bifenthrin 2.5% + Diafenthiuron 25%, Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% and Fluxametamide 3.8% + Bifenthrin 4.5% + Diafenthiuron 29% at three different doses (800 ml/ ha, 900 ml/ha & 1000 ml/ha). Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 900 ml/ha found to be effective against jassid of brinjal and Diamond backmoth of cabbage crops in comparison to Tank mix formulation (Fluxametamide 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC + Diafenthiuron 50% WP) as well as solo treatments (Fluxametamide 10% EC, Bifenthrin 10% EC and Diafenthiuron 50% WP). Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 900 ml/ha was found at par with higher formulation, higher dose and higher active ingredient.
Therefore, application of Fluxametamide 2.8% + Bifenthrin 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 27% @ 900 ml/ha (25.20 + 31.50 + 243 gm a.i./ha) formulation can be recommended for effective control of jassid in brinjal and Diamond back moth in cabbage crops.
, Claims:
1) An insecticidal composition comprising a synergistic combination of-
(a) Fluxametamide in an amount ranging from 1% to 40.0% by weight;
(b) Bifenthrin is present in an amount ranging from 1% to 40.0% by weight;
(c) Diafenthiuron is present in an amount ranging from 1% to 40.0% by weight; and
(d) agriculturally acceptable excipient.
2) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein Fluxametamide is present in an amount of 2.8% w/w, Bifenthrin is present in an amount of 3% w/w, and Diafenthiuron is present in an amount of 27 % w/w.
3) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is selected from a suspension concentrate (SC), flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS), oil dispersion (OD), suspo-emulsion (SE).
4) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is Emulsifier, Wetting cum dispersing agent, Dispersing agent, Antifreezing agent, PH stabilizer, Antifoaming agent, Rheology modifier, Stabilizing agents , spreader , Rheology modifier, Coloring agents , adjuvant, Solvent and Biocide.
5) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agriculturally acceptable excipient is selected from the group comprising Wetting cum dispersing agent, Dispersing agent, Anti-freezing agent, Antifoaming agent, Rheology modifier, Stabilizing agents , spreader , Rheology modifier, Coloring agents , Adjuvant, Solvent and Biocide. wherein the composition comprises- 0.1% to 20.0% dispersing agent; 0% to 3% biocide; 0.1% to 15.0% wetting agent; 0.01% to 7.0% antifoaming agent; 0.01% to 12.0% rheology modifier; 0.01 to 15% pH stabilizers 0% to 95.0% solvent; 0% to 15 % anti-freezing agent; 0.1% to 20%; Emulsifiers 0.1 to 3% spreader 0.1 to 5%; adjuvant 0.1 to 3% stabilizing agent; and 0.05% to 5.0 % coloring agent.
6) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising polymeric ester dispersant, ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, acrylic copolymer, nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, polycarboxylates, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, aryl sulphonate condensate, sodium lignosulphonate, polystyrenatedacrylated co-polymer, modified styrene acrylic copolymer, salts of phenol sulfonic acids, butyl polyalkylene oxide block co-polymer, mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic alcohol, random co-polymer of alcoxylated polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof.
7) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the antifoaming agent is selected from the group comprising polydimethyl siloxane, polydimethyl siloxane emulsion or mixtures thereof.
8) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising precipitated silica, fumed silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or mixture thereof.
9) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pH stabilizers is selected from sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium phosphate, 25 citric acid, trisodium citrate, monoethanol amine, triethanol amine, triethylamine, dibasic esters selected from dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate or mixture thereof.
10) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solvent is selected from Demineralized (DM) water, N-alkyl-pyrrolidone, oil medium selected from the group comprising, esterified fatty acids selected from methyl and/or ethyl ester of vegetable oil such as methyl soyate, ethyl soyate, rapeseed methyl ester, rapeseed ethyl ester or mixtures thereof.
11) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the antifreezing agent is selected from the group comprising ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, propane-1,2,3-triol, urea or mixtures thereof.
12) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein wetting cum dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates.
13) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group comprising epoxidized soyabean oil, butylated hydroxy toluene, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, Precipitated Silica, sodium benzoate, etc. or mixtures thereof.
14) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the Biocide selected from the group comprising of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or mixtures thereof.

15) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coloring agent is selected from Triaryl methane acid blue, 3-hydroxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)-4-[(E)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)diazinyl]-2-naphthamide and Acid Brilliant Green
16) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the spreader is selected propane-1,2,3 -triol.
17) The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the adjuvant is Piperonyl butoxide.
18) A process for preparing a Suspension concentrate insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of-
a) In a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer, demineralized water is initially charged. The following components are added sequentially under continuous homogenization: Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (preservative), Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion (defoamer or wetting aid), Propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol) (humectant/stabilizer), Nonionic proprietary surfactant blend (emulsifier/dispersant), Acrylic copolymer (stabilizing polymer/thickener),Butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer (dispersant or emulsifier) are added and homogenize thoroughly to form a uniform premix.
b) The active ingredients—Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin, and Diafenthiuron—along with an appropriate adjuvant, are added to the premix. Homogenization is continued to ensure thorough mixing and dispersion, forming a uniform slurry.
c) The slurry is then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to reduce particle size, targeting a final d(90) < 20 microns.
d) The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Under continuous stirring, the following are added: Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), a 2% Xanthan gum solution in demineralized water as a rheology modifier.
e) Stirring is continued until a complete and uniform dispersion is achieved, resulting in a homogeneous Suspension Concentrate (SC).
f) Finally, Sodium benzoate and Citric acid are incorporated to ensure microbial stability and to adjust the pH of the final formulation.
19) A process for preparing Flowable Suspension (FS) insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of-
a) In demineralized water, dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, spreader, propane-1,2,3-triol, nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer are added into a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer.
b) The mixture is homogenized for a sufficient duration to ensure thorough dispersion of all ingredients.
c) The active ingredients—Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin, and Diafenthiuron—along with a coloring agent, are added to the mixture.
d) Homogenization is continued to obtain a uniform slurry.
e) This slurry is then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation for particle size reduction, yielding a milled slurry with a target particle size of d(90) < 20 microns.
f) The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel equipped with a stirrer.
g) A 2% solution of Xanthan gum in demineralized water, serving as a rheology modifier, is added and thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform dispersion, resulting in a flowable suspension (FS) formulation of Fluxametamide for seed treatment.
h) Sodium Benzoate and Citric Acid are added for preservation and pH adjustment, thereby completing the final FS formulation.
20) A process for preparing Oil Dispersion (OD) insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of-
a) In methyl ester of vegetable oil, the following components are added into a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer, Polyalkyleneoxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, Polydimethylsiloxane, Propane-1,2,3-triol, Castor oil ethoxylate (10 mole), Calcium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, Ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester.
b) A mixture of fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester and polymeric ester dispersant is also added to the same pre-mixing vessel.
c) All the ingredients are homogenized thoroughly to obtain a uniform mixture.
d) The active ingredients—Fluxametamide, Bifenthrin, and Diafenthiuron—are added to the mixture, and homogenization is continued to form a slurry.
e) The slurry is passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to reduce the particle size, producing a milled slurry with a target particle size of d(90) < 20 microns.
f) The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
g) A pH stabilizer, bentonite clay, and fumed silica are added to the milled slurry under continuous stirring.
h) Mixing is continued until a homogeneous blend is achieved, resulting in the final pesticidal Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation.
21) A process for preparing Suspension Emulsion (SE) insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of-
a) The active ingredient Bifenthrin is mixed with polyalkoxylated butyl ether block co-polymer and ethoxylated tristyrylphenol under continuous stirring to form the Bifenthrin oil phase.
b) In a clean pre-mixing vessel equipped with a homogenizer, demineralized water is charged, Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, Propane-1,2,3-triol, Nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, Acrylic copolymer.
c) These ingredients are homogenized for a sufficient time to form a uniform mixture. Subsequently, the active ingredients Fluxametamide, Diafenthiuron, and precipitated silica are added, and homogenization is continued to form a slurry.
d) The slurry is then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to achieve particle size reduction, resulting in an aqueous dispersion with a target particle size of d(90) < 20 microns. The resulting aqueous phase is collected into a separate mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
e) The Bifenthrin oil phase is gradually added to the aqueous phase under continuous stirring at room temperature. Agitation is continued for an optimal duration to ensure proper emulsification.
f) A pH adjuster, stabilizer, and Rhodopol 23 (as a rheology modifier) are added to the mixture. Continuous stirring is maintained until a homogeneous suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation is obtained.