1. A handwoven textile fabric comprising: a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill; wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising: a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread, a China silk yarn, and a 100% Pashmina yarn; wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of: a 100% Pashmina yarn, a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread, a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk, a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, a modal yarn, and a colored Pashmina yarn.

2. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure.

3. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein the twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°.

4. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the modal yarn used in the weft is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex.

5. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the colored Pashmina yarns used in the weft are dyed using azo-free, plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root, indigo, turmeric, and harad.

6. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D, selected for its high reflectance and tensile elongation.

7. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein at least one of the warp or the weft yarns comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk, bamboo viscose, or metallic yarn.

8. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the yarn count of the Pashmina component in either warp or weft lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM.

9. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp and weft yarns are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of: (a) visual luster contrast, (b) tactile hand feel contrast, or (c) fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources.

10. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina, one ply comprises silk, and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose. HANDWOVEN TEXTILE FABRIC WITH SELECTIVELY COMBINED WARP AND WEFT YARN MATERIALS Abstract The present disclosure discloses a handwoven textile fabric comprising a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill; wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread, a China silk yarn, and a 100% Pashmina yarn; wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of a 100% Pashmina yarn, a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread, a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk, a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, a modal yarn, and a colored Pashmina yarn. Fig. 1 , Claims:Claims :

1. A handwoven textile fabric comprising: a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill; wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising: a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread, a China silk yarn, and a 100% Pashmina yarn; wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of: a 100% Pashmina yarn, a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread, a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk, a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, a modal yarn, and a colored Pashmina yarn.

2. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure.

3. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein the twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°.

4. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the modal yarn used in the weft is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex.

5. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the colored Pashmina yarns used in the weft are dyed using azo-free, plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root, indigo, turmeric, and harad.

6. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D, selected for its high reflectance and tensile elongation.

7. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein at least one of the warp or the weft yarns comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk, bamboo viscose, or metallic yarn.

8. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the yarn count of the Pashmina component in either warp or weft lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM.

9. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp and weft yarns are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of: (a) visual luster contrast, (b) tactile hand feel contrast, or (c) fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources.

10. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina, one ply comprises silk, and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose.

Description:

HANDWOVEN TEXTILE FABRIC WITH SELECTIVELY COMBINED WARP AND WEFT YARN MATERIALS
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to textile manufacturing. Further, the present disclosure particularly relates to a handwoven textile fabric.
Background
[0002] The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Textile fabrics have been utilised in numerous applications in the apparel and handicrafts sector. Conventional textile fabrics are broadly classified based on methods of construction such as knitting, weaving, felting and bonding. Woven fabrics have been widely preferred for applications demanding dimensional stability and structural strength. Weaving enables a wide range of fabric properties to be obtained by interlacing two distinct sets of yarns orthogonally. Further, traditional handweaving methods have been employed across various regions in India for generations and form an essential part of regional textile heritages.
[0004] Furthermore, production of handwoven textile fabrics has enabled the retention of cultural motifs and indigenous craftsmanship. Specific regional techniques associated with handloom weaving employ a variety of yarns and weaving patterns to create unique fabric aesthetics. Furthermore, materials such as wool, silk and cotton are frequently employed as yarns. Additionally, surface design, softness, warmth and drapeability associated with handwoven fabrics are dependent on the type and combination of yarns used. Several such combinations have been developed based on empirical practices followed by local artisans.
[0005] Various known techniques for production of handwoven fabrics employ plain weave patterns using cotton or wool yarns. In such fabrics, the warp and weft yarns intersect at right angles with the simplest interlacing pattern. Although such fabrics enable quick production and provide adequate tensile strength, such fabrics are generally not associated with visual richness or surface texture variations. Moreover, such fabrics generally lack aesthetic appeal required for high-value garments or accessories. Further, combinations of plain weave fabrics using commonly available yarns often fail to provide premium surface feel and distinctive patterns.
[0006] Another conventionally known category of handwoven fabrics employs twill weave structures. In such fabrics, the diagonal alignment of interlacings generates visible patterns and provides a soft drape to the fabric. Such fabrics have been widely used to produce stoles, shawls and sarees. However, use of standard wool or cotton yarns in such twill weave fabrics often results in limited sheen and suboptimal comfort. Moreover, such fabrics are generally not employed in applications requiring fine detailing or artistic elaboration owing to restricted patterning capabilities. Additionally, twill fabrics with standard materials are often produced in bulk, thereby lacking exclusivity and artisan distinction.
[0007] Furthermore, certain other known methods involve use of herringbone and diamond weave structures. Such methods provide improved surface variation and decorative texture. Use of synthetic or semi-synthetic yarns in such structures has been attempted to reduce cost and increase uniformity. However, such approaches often compromise fabric breathability and comfort. Further, synthetic-based herringbone fabrics exhibit poor thermal retention and are susceptible to pilling over extended usage. Moreover, repeated washing leads to reduction in sheen and fraying of yarns, especially in low-quality blends.
[0008] Moreover, some conventional handwoven fabrics utilise silk or silk-blend yarns in the warp or weft for imparting lustre. China silk and tussar silk have been widely used in such applications. However, single-material silk fabrics are susceptible to wrinkling and require careful handling. Further, production cost associated with pure silk fabrics is high. In certain cases, usage of silk alone does not provide sufficient warmth or durability, which is required in colder climates. Additionally, availability of pure silk yarns is subject to regional constraints, resulting in supply-chain limitations for artisans relying on such materials.
[0009] Additionally, certain traditional Kashmiri handwoven fabrics employ Pashmina yarns derived from Changthangi goats. Such fabrics are renowned for their softness, warmth and luxurious texture. Traditional Pashmina weaving involves use of fine Pashmina yarns in both warp and weft. However, exclusive use of Pashmina yarns in warp presents significant challenges due to low tensile strength and frequent breakage during weaving. Consequently, artisans often avoid use of pure Pashmina in the warp. Moreover, such fabrics require expert handling and are prone to deformation under mechanical stress. Cost of Pashmina yarns is also considerably higher as compared to wool or silk.
[00010] In some instances, golden zari threads have been incorporated into woven fabrics to enhance visual appeal. Golden zari threads consist of metal-coated filaments and are used for ornamental accents. Such threads are generally used in the weft to introduce occasional decorative elements. However, insertion of zari in the warp is generally avoided due to stiffness and difficulty in weaving. Further, direct use of zari threads without supporting yarns leads to discomfort during wearing. Moreover, fabrics containing large proportions of zari become less breathable and heavy, thereby reducing overall user comfort.
[00011] Some hybrid handwoven fabrics have been developed by blending wool and silk yarns in different proportions. Such fabrics attempt to combine the insulating properties of wool with the sheen and smoothness of silk. However, improper blending ratios often result in compromised mechanical properties. In particular, high silk content causes reduction in thermal insulation while excess wool content leads to coarse texture. Furthermore, uniform mixing of such blends is difficult in hand-processing setups, leading to inconsistent quality across fabric lengths.
[00012] Use of modal yarns in handwoven fabrics has also been attempted to reduce material cost and increase softness. Modal is a semi-synthetic yarn made from regenerated cellulose and provides good drape and absorbency. However, modal yarns are generally not compatible with traditional weaving techniques due to their high elongation and low friction. Weaving modal yarns on traditional looms leads to fraying and frequent yarn slippage. Additionally, modal-based fabrics are not generally associated with high-value heritage textiles, thereby reducing their market perception.
[00013] Coloured Pashmina yarns have also been introduced to enable variety in visual appearance of handwoven fabrics. Use of natural and synthetic dyes for colouring Pashmina yarns is known. However, dyeing processes often alter the softness and surface integrity of the Pashmina fibres. Further, achieving uniform colouration in fine Pashmina yarns is difficult without affecting the fineness. Additionally, dyed Pashmina yarns are associated with bleeding during washing, especially when used in combination with other yarn types. Moreover, coloured Pashmina yarns require pre-treatment and skilled handling, thereby increasing production complexity.
[00014] Other known fabric constructions involve combination of decorative yarns in selected regions of the fabric. Such selective incorporation is manually controlled by the weaver during the weaving process. Although such methods provide unique patterns, the manual effort required is significantly high. In addition, consistency across fabric lengths is difficult to maintain. Furthermore, such techniques are not scalable for medium or large scale production without affecting quality.
[00015] In light of the above discussion, there exists an urgent need for solutions that overcome the problems associated with conventional systems and/or techniques for producing handwoven textile fabrics having improved visual appeal, superior softness, enhanced warmth and reliable structural strength.

Summary
[00016] The following presents a simplified summary of various aspects of this disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements nor delineate the scope of such aspects. Its purpose is to present some concepts of this disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[00017] The following paragraphs provide additional support for the claims of the subject application.
[00018] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a handwoven textile fabric exhibiting improved aesthetic appearance, enhanced tactile comfort, increased warmth retention and structurally stable weave formation using selected combinations of warp and weft yarns. The system of the present disclosure aims to enable fabrication of textile products with heritage value and diversified material composition by using traditional handloom weaving methods and composite yarn configurations.
[00019] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a handwoven textile fabric comprising a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill and straight twill, wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread, a China silk yarn and a 100% Pashmina yarn, and wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of a 100% Pashmina yarn, a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread, a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk, a blend comprising 75% wool 15% silk and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, a modal yarn and a colored Pashmina yarn.
[00020] The handwoven textile fabric enables improved visual and tactile variation by allowing selection from multiple yarn materials in both warp and weft. Further, the fabric structure enables balance between aesthetic features and mechanical stability. Moreover, integration of premium fibres enables enhancement in comfort and exclusivity.
[00021] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the warp yarn comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure enables increased tensile strength and improved compatibility with traditional handloom weaving methods. Further, said core-sheath composite yarn enables decorative sheen while maintaining weaving flexibility.
[00022] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the weft yarn comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein the twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°, enables improved inter-yarn bonding and controlled visual reflectance along the weft. Further, said yarn structure enables inclusion of metallic visual effect while retaining softness of Pashmina.
[00023] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the modal yarn used in the weft is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex enables structural integrity and improved drape without compromising softness. Further, said modal yarn properties enable better wear resistance in combination with natural fibre blends.
[00024] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the colored Pashmina yarns used in the weft are dyed using azo-free plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root indigo turmeric and harad enables natural colouration while ensuring skin safety and environmental sustainability. Further, said dyed yarns enable retention of traditional dyeing practices.
[00025] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the warp yarn comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D selected for high reflectance and tensile elongation enables glossy surface finish along with controlled elongation properties for warp tension management. Further, said filament yarn selection enables improvement in weaving stability and luster.
[00026] The handwoven textile fabric wherein at least one of the warp or the weft yarns comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk bamboo viscose or metallic yarn enables enhancement in visual characteristics and tactile quality. Further, said composite yarn configuration enables structural variation and customisation.
[00027] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the yarn count of the Pashmina component in either warp or weft lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM enables optimal fineness for soft drape and mechanical stability. Further, said yarn count enables uniformity in handweaving performance.
[00028] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the warp and weft yarns are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of visual luster contrast tactile hand feel contrast or fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources enables perceptible differentiation in surface properties and aesthetic appeal. Further, said contrast enables artistic detailing in handwoven fabric compositions.
[00029] The handwoven textile fabric wherein the weft yarn comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina one ply comprises silk and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose enables composite fabric behaviour combining softness sheen and moisture management. Further, said ply structure enables enhanced performance and hybrid fabric properties.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[00030] The features and advantages of the present disclosure would be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
[00031] FIG. 1 illustrates an architectural diagram of a handwoven textile fabric comprising a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00032] FIG. 2 illustrates a sample of a fusion fabric comprising Chanderi and Pashmina, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00033] FIG. 3 illustrates a sample of a zari-Pashmina composite on a China silk base, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00034] FIG. 4 illustrates a sample of a minimalist silk-Pashmina blend, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00035] FIG. 5 illustrates a sample of a Pashmina warp with wool-silk weft in a twill weave configuration, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00036] FIG. 6 illustrates a sample of a multi-fiber weft blend with a Pashmina warp in a twill weave, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00037] FIG. 7 illustrates a sample of a Pashmina warp with modal weft in a twill weave, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00038] FIG. 8 illustrates a sample of a multi-twill stripe fabric using Pashmina and colored yarns woven on a traditional handloom, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
[00039] In the following detailed description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the drawings, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to claim those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
[00040] The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and “at least one” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the term “at least one” followed by a list of one or more items (for example, “at least one of A and B”) is to be construed to mean one item selected from the listed items (A or B) or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
[00041] Pursuant to the "Detailed Description" section herein, whenever an element is explicitly associated with a specific numeral for the first time, such association shall be deemed consistent and applicable throughout the entirety of the "Detailed Description" section, unless otherwise expressly stated or contradicted by the context.
[00042] The term "handwoven textile fabric" as used herein refers to a fabric structure constructed manually using a traditional handloom through interlacing of two orthogonal sets of yarns referred to as warp yarn and weft yarn. The handweaving process involves individual placement and insertion of weft yarns over and under warp yarns according to a predefined weave pattern. Handweaving is carried out by a weaver operating treadles, shuttles, and beating combs to manipulate the yarns without automation. Handwoven fabrics exhibit variable yarn tension and irregularities that contribute to distinctive visual and tactile characteristics. Common applications include shawls, scarves, and upholstery textiles where artisan value and uniqueness are desirable. Examples of handwoven textile fabrics include Khadi, Jamdani, Ikat, and Pashmina-based woven fabrics made using regional techniques in different parts of India. Characteristics of handwoven textile fabrics include open weave structures, controlled yarn density, and selective incorporation of decorative or functional yarns along the fabric surface or thickness. The performance of such handwoven textile fabric is determined by yarn type, weaving pattern, loom configuration, and operator skill level.
[00043] The term "warp yarn" as used herein refers to the set of yarns arranged longitudinally under tension across the length of the handloom during fabric construction. The warp yarn is the primary load-bearing element of the fabric and remains stationary while the weft yarn is inserted during weaving. The warp yarn requires high tensile strength and dimensional consistency to withstand repeated mechanical stress during the weaving process. Typical examples of warp yarn include cotton filament yarn, polyester multifilament yarn, silk filament yarn, and metallic yarns such as golden zari wrapped threads. The selection of warp yarn determines surface appearance, strength, and drape of the resulting fabric. Warp yarns are sized and pre-treated with starch or equivalent agents to improve abrasion resistance during loom operation. In decorative applications, metallic or lustrous yarns such as golden zari are used in the warp to produce reflective effects. The warp yarn contributes to longitudinal dimensional stability and forms the structural foundation of the interlaced fabric body.
[00044] The term "weft yarn" as used herein refers to the transverse set of yarns inserted over and under the warp yarns during fabric formation on a handloom. The weft yarn is manually inserted using a shuttle or needle based on the selected weaving pattern. The weft yarn determines the width-wise appearance, texture, and weight of the woven fabric. Examples of weft yarn include natural fibres such as wool yarn, silk yarn, cotton yarn, Pashmina yarn, and blends containing combinations thereof. The weft yarn may include decorative or functional yarns such as metallic threads or dyed fibres to achieve contrast or coloration effects. The weft yarn is often softer and more varied in composition as compared to warp yarn, owing to lesser tensile load during weaving. The interaction of weft yarn with warp yarn defines the pattern density and tactile behaviour of the fabric. Selection of weft yarn is determined based on desired drape, insulation, and design characteristics.
[00045] The term "weave structure" as used herein refers to the geometric pattern or method by which warp and weft yarns interlace in the fabric. The weave structure governs the fabric surface appearance, texture, density, and strength. Common weave structures include plain weave where each weft yarn passes alternately over and under each warp yarn; twill weave where yarns interlace to form diagonal lines; herringbone twill where the twill lines reverse direction in a regular manner; zigzag twill involving repeated changes in twill direction; diamond twill with interlacings forming a diamond-shaped pattern; and straight twill where diagonal lines proceed uniformly across the fabric. Each weave structure is implemented using a specific combination of heddle lifting and shuttle insertion sequences on the loom. The weave structure enables generation of decorative motifs, textural variations, and functional properties such as breathability and elasticity. Selection of weave structure is based on end-use requirement, material compatibility, and artisan preference.
[00046] The term "thread" as used herein refers to a long, thin strand of fibre, generally continuous in length and relatively small in cross-section, used for the formation of yarns or as a wrapping component in composite yarns. Threads can be made from natural fibres such as cotton, silk, and wool or from synthetic fibres such as polyester or nylon. Threads used in textile manufacturing may be monofilament, multifilament, or spun from staple fibres. Threads are employed in both core and sheath components in wrapped yarn structures. An example includes resham thread made from fine silk filament, commonly used in traditional weaving as a decorative element or as a base around which metallic threads are wrapped. Threads play a critical role in determining the fineness, strength, and aesthetic finish of the composite yarn and final fabric structure.
[00047] The term "yarn" as used herein refers to a continuous strand of twisted or otherwise assembled fibres used in the construction of textile fabrics through weaving or knitting. Yarn is classified based on fibre type, spinning technique, ply configuration, and linear density. Yarn types include spun yarn made from staple fibres, filament yarn from continuous fibres, and textured yarns. Yarn may be composed entirely of one material or may be blended from multiple fibre sources such as silk-wool blends. Examples of yarn include Pashmina yarn derived from mountain goat fibres, modal yarn made from regenerated cellulose, and China silk yarn consisting of fine continuous silk filaments. Yarn properties such as tenacity, elongation, twist level, and diameter influence the hand feel, durability, and weave quality of the resulting fabric. Yarn selection is based on intended tactile, visual, and functional characteristics of the final textile product.
[00048] The term "blend" as used herein refers to a composite yarn or fibre mixture formed by combining two or more different fibre types in a specified ratio to achieve desired characteristics in a textile. Blending may occur at fibre level prior to spinning or at yarn level through twisting of separate yarns. Examples include blends of 85% wool and 15% silk for insulation and smoothness, or 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina for softness and warmth. Blending enables balancing of cost, texture, drape, and mechanical performance. The resulting blended yarn exhibits properties derived from constituent fibres, allowing customised textile behaviour. Blends may also improve dye uptake, fabric elasticity, or breathability depending on the fibre types involved. The performance of a blend depends on the homogeneity, compatibility, and processing method used during manufacturing.
[00049] The term "twist" as used herein refers to the spiral arrangement of fibres or yarns around the longitudinal axis to form a cohesive structure. Twist is applied during spinning or ply assembly and is measured in terms of twist angle or turns per unit length. Twist provides strength, cohesion, and elasticity to the yarn structure. In multi-component yarns such as Pashmina twisted with zari thread, twist ensures mechanical bonding between the different material strands. Twist angle influences the texture, appearance, and tensile properties of the yarn. Examples include twist angles ranging between 10° and 35° for achieving controlled visual effects and maintaining fabric flexibility. Twist direction (S or Z twist) further affects fabric behaviour during weaving. Twist selection is dependent on fibre type, desired yarn characteristics, and compatibility with fabric construction methods.
[00050] The term "dyed yarn" as used herein refers to a yarn that has been subjected to a colouration process using natural or synthetic dye sources to impart visual properties. Dyeing may be performed in fibre, yarn, or fabric form. Dyed yarns are used in weft or warp to produce visual variation, pattern, or colour-based motifs. Azo-free plant-derived dyes include materials such as madder root for red tones, indigo for blue, turmeric for yellow, and harad for greyish-black. Such dye sources are selected to avoid skin irritation and ecological harm. Dyeing involves pre-treatment, mordanting, and immersion in dye solution followed by drying. The colour fastness, uniformity, and tone depend on dye source, yarn type, and processing conditions. Dyed yarns enable natural visual effects suitable for heritage textiles.
[00051] The term "composite yarn" as used herein refers to a structured yarn comprising two or more distinct components arranged to perform combined functions. Composite yarn may include a core material such as cotton, wool, or silk surrounded by a sheath of metallic, synthetic, or natural fibre providing specific visual or tactile characteristics. Wrapping techniques include helical, spiral, or layered wrapping depending on the desired final appearance and yarn behaviour. Examples include a resham thread core wrapped with golden zari or a natural fibre core wrapped with bamboo viscose or metallic yarn for luster. Composite yarns are used in both warp and weft and enable incorporation of decorative features without compromising yarn integrity. Composite yarn formation influences flexibility, visual texture, and interaction with adjacent yarns during fabric formation.
[00052] The term "filament count" as used herein refers to the number or size of individual filaments making up a yarn. Filament count is often expressed in yarn count systems such as Denier (D), Tex, or Ne. For modal yarns, a filament count between 30s and 60s indicates medium fineness and contributes to smooth texture and adequate tensile strength. Higher filament counts generally produce finer and softer yarns while lower counts offer increased thickness and bulk. Filament count influences yarn tenacity, drape, absorbency, and compatibility with weaving. Measurement of filament count is essential for maintaining uniformity in textile production. Suitable filament counts are selected based on weaving method, desired fabric density, and tactile requirements.
[00053] The term "denier" as used herein refers to a unit of measurement for the linear mass density of fibres, defined as the mass in grams per 9000 metres of yarn. Denier indicates fineness of filament yarns such as China silk. A denier range of 20D to 40D corresponds to extremely fine filaments used in high-end textile applications for achieving smooth finish and lightweight properties. Denier selection impacts fabric transparency, drape, and tensile properties. Lower denier provides finer, softer yarns while higher denier offers increased durability and strength. Denier values are used for standardising raw material procurement and fabric quality control.
[00054] The term "yarn count" as used herein refers to the numerical representation of yarn fineness or coarseness in specific systems such as English Cotton Count (Ne), Metric Count (Nm), or Worsted Count. A yarn count in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM for Pashmina yarns denotes a fine double-ply yarn suitable for soft and delicate fabric structures. Yarn count directly affects fabric weight, texture, and appearance. Higher count values correspond to finer yarns with lower mass per unit length. Yarn count influences weaving speed, fabric tightness, and visual uniformity. Selection of yarn count is based on application type, weaving apparatus, and target fabric properties.
[00055] The term "ply" as used herein refers to the individual strands or yarns twisted together to form a multi-ply yarn. A three-ply yarn structure contains three separate components twisted together in a unified yarn body. In textile construction, multi-ply yarns provide increased strength, dimension, and design flexibility. For example, a three-ply weft yarn comprising Pashmina, silk, and modal or bamboo viscose combines warmth, sheen, and moisture management respectively. Ply configuration enables selective combination of material characteristics while ensuring yarn coherence. Number of plies and twist configuration determine yarn stability, handling, and aesthetic behaviour in the woven fabric.
[00056] The term "contrast" as used herein refers to a perceptible difference in visual, tactile, or material properties between adjacent yarns within the same fabric. Contrast may be achieved by selecting warp and weft yarns from different fibre origins (animal versus plant), by varying surface luster (silk versus wool), or by altering tactile hand feel (soft versus coarse). Such contrast is used intentionally to generate surface patterns, visual depth, and user interaction characteristics in textile design. Contrast is evaluated through visual inspection, fabric hand assessment, and sensory perception studies. Application of contrast enhances fabric appeal and highlights artisan weaving features.
[00057] FIG. 1 illustrates an architectural diagram of a handwoven textile fabric comprising a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The term "handwoven" refers to a method of fabric production in which the interlacing of yarns is performed manually using traditional or semi-mechanical looms without the use of automated machinery. The fabric is formed by inserting the weft yarns perpendicularly through the warp yarns under tension, resulting in a stable textile structure. The interlacing technique preserves traditional artisan processes and allows for unique aesthetic features such as irregularities, variable tension, and textural richness. The handwoven nature of the textile enables a high level of control over yarn placement, incorporation of complex yarn types, and development of structurally balanced fabrics. The system is particularly suitable for producing fabrics of high aesthetic and tactile value, as well as applications requiring regional or heritage textile characteristics. I

and warmth but presents challenges in warp application due to its lower tensile strength. The use of Pashmina in the warp allows for the production of all-Pashmina woven textiles when handled with expert tension management. The selection of warp yarns influences the mechanical stability and visual outcome of the final textile.
[00060] In a further embodiment, the weft yarn in the handwoven textile fabric is selected from the group consisting of a 100% Pashmina yarn, a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread, a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk, a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, a modal yarn, and a colored Pashmina yarn. The weft yarn is inserted perpendicular to the warp yarn and contributes to the widthwise structural and aesthetic properties of the fabric. The 100% Pashmina yarn provides a soft, luxurious texture and thermal insulation suitable for high-end garments and winter accessories. The 100% Pashmina yarn twisted with golden zari introduces a hybrid aesthetic by integrating traditional luster with the fineness of natural Pashmina. The 85% wool and 15% silk blend balances the insulating properties of wool with the sheen and softness of silk, producing a weft yarn of moderate drape and warmth. The 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina blend offers an enriched tactile quality, combining structural loft with fiber fineness. The modal yarn, a regenerated cellulose fiber, provides breathability, smoothness, and drape suitable for warm climates. The colored Pashmina yarns, dyed using either natural or synthetic dyes, introduce chromatic diversity into the textile. The choice of weft yarn directly affects the hand feel, weight, and visual patterning of the woven fabric, offering design flexibility for both functional and decorative uses.
[00061] In an embodiment, the warp yarn of the handwoven textile fabric comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure. The resham thread used as the core is a fine silk yarn that provides tensile flexibility and structural support. The golden zari thread, typically consisting of metallized polyester or metallic-coated filament, is helically wound around the resham core in a uniform spiral configuration to create a continuous lustered exterior surface. The core-sheath construction combines the mechanical resilience of the core with the visual appeal of the sheath. The wrapping process maintains controlled pitch and tension to prevent slippage and ensure uniform distribution along the yarn length. This configuration allows the composite yarn to be deployed as a warp yarn in handweaving applications without breakage or misalignment during high-tension loom operation. The golden zari wrap imparts a decorative metallic sheen to the fabric while the resham core maintains strength and pliability. Such composite yarns are suitable for use in ornamental textiles and heritage fabrics, allowing for integration of visual richness with structural integrity. The resulting warp yarn supports diverse weave structures, including plain and twill, without compromising performance during weaving or end-use.
[00062] In an embodiment, the weft yarn of the handwoven textile fabric comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein the twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°. The Pashmina yarn is a fine staple yarn obtained from the undercoat of the Changthangi goat and is selected for its softness, warmth, and luxurious texture. The metallic thread may consist of metallized polyester or a metal-coated filament providing reflective properties. The twisting of the two yarns involves controlled rotational motion to achieve a balanced ply structure with a twist angle that maintains cohesion while preserving flexibility. Twist angles in the specified range ensure visual integration of the metallic component while avoiding excessive stiffness or yarn bulk. The twisted composite weft yarn is manually inserted into the warp shed during handweaving using conventional shuttle techniques. The presence of the metallic component introduces shimmer along the fabric width, creating a decorative contrast against matte or soft fibre backgrounds. The resulting weft yarn configuration is particularly suitable for shawls, dupattas, and scarves where subtle ornamentation is desired. The structure retains the softness of Pashmina while adding surface interest and dimensional depth to the woven fabric.
[00063] In an embodiment, the modal yarn used in the weft of the handwoven textile fabric is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex. Modal yarn is a semi-synthetic cellulose-based fibre regenerated from beechwood pulp through viscose process modification. The selected filament count ensures that the yarn maintains a balance between fineness and strength, allowing for smooth insertion into the warp structure during handweaving without excessive hairiness or breakage. A filament count in the 30s to 60s range produces a weft yarn with moderate bulk, suitable for both lightweight and medium-weight fabrics. The tenacity value exceeding 3.5 cN/dtex indicates the yarn’s capacity to resist tension and deformation under weaving stress. The modal yarn retains softness, high moisture regain, and resistance to shrinkage, contributing to fabric drape and dimensional stability. The weft insertion using such modal yarn results in fabrics with enhanced breathability and comfort, especially in summer garments or blended compositions. Modal yarns of this specification are compatible with other natural and synthetic yarns, allowing for combination with silk, wool, or cotton in artistic or performance-oriented textiles. The selected range ensures consistent weft performance across fabric lengths.
[00064] In an embodiment, the colored Pashmina yarns used in the weft of the handwoven textile fabric are dyed using azo-free, plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root, indigo, turmeric, and harad. The dyeing process involves pre-treatment of raw Pashmina yarn to ensure absorbency, followed by immersion in aqueous dye solutions prepared from finely processed plant-based materials. Madder root provides shades of red and maroon, indigo yields deep blue tones, turmeric imparts yellow hues, and harad gives grey to blackish tones. The azo-free nature of the dyes ensures that no carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds are introduced, enhancing skin compatibility and environmental safety. The dyeing is followed by multiple rinsing and drying stages to ensure fixation and color fastness. The dyed Pashmina yarns retain the softness and thermal properties of the original fibre while gaining visual distinction. Weft yarns produced in this manner introduce chromatic variety across the width of the fabric without the need for printing or surface finishing. The use of naturally dyed Pashmina yarns contributes to the eco-conscious value of the textile and allows for market positioning in organic or artisanal product categories. Consistency in dye uptake is ensured by standardized batch protocols.
[00065] In an embodiment, the warp yarn of the handwoven textile fabric comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D, selected for its high reflectance and tensile elongation. China silk is a natural filament silk known for its uniformity, smooth surface, and ability to produce a lustrous finish in woven textiles. A denier value between 20D and 40D indicates a fine to moderately fine filament thickness, which supports close-packed weaving while maintaining softness. High reflectance in the silk yarn results from the triangular cross-section of the silk fibre, which refracts light and enhances the fabric's appearance under various lighting conditions. Tensile elongation allows the yarn to stretch slightly under loom tension, reducing the likelihood of breakage during weaving and increasing operational yield. The use of China silk in the warp provides an optimal combination of strength and sheen, suitable for both decorative and functional fabrics. The yarn interacts well with various weft compositions including wool, Pashmina, modal, and silk. The warp prepared from this silk type enables controlled tensioning, stable weave formation, and luxurious final presentation, particularly in high-end stoles, drapes, and fashion fabrics.
[00066] In an embodiment, at least one of the warp or the weft yarns in the handwoven textile fabric comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk, bamboo viscose, or metallic yarn. The core yarn may consist of wool, cotton, or Pashmina fibres spun into a stable structure, while the sheath material is selected to impart visual or textural enhancement. Wrapping techniques may include helical or spiral winding using precision tension control to ensure uniformity along the yarn length. When silk is used as the sheath, it adds softness and reflective luster. Bamboo viscose provides sheen and eco-friendly appeal, while metallic yarns introduce decorative sparkle and dimensional contrast. The composite yarns are prepared using ring-spinning or twisting equipment and tested for interlayer adhesion to prevent separation during weaving. These yarns are inserted into the warp or weft during handweaving using standard shuttle methods. The resulting fabric demonstrates hybrid performance, combining the strength and resilience of the core with the surface properties of the sheath. Such composite yarns are suitable for fashion textiles, upholstery fabrics, and ceremonial wear. The use of composite yarns also facilitates differential dyeing and finishing based on sheath material properties.
[00067] In an embodiment, the yarn count of the Pashmina component in either the warp or the weft of the handwoven textile fabric lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM. Yarn count in NM (metric number) reflects the length of yarn in meters per gram, where higher values correspond to finer yarns. A 2/48 NM count represents a two-ply yarn where each single yarn has a metric count of 48, while 2/64 NM indicates even finer yarns plied together. These count values are specifically selected to maintain softness, drape, and surface evenness while ensuring sufficient strength for handweaving applications. The Pashmina fibres used for spinning are manually dehaired and carded prior to spinning into fine yarns, and ply formation provides dimensional stability. The selected count range enables the yarn to pass through traditional reed and heddle systems without excessive friction or breakage. In weft applications, such yarns produce lightweight yet thermally efficient fabrics. In warp applications, the yarns may be treated with natural starch or equivalent sizing agents to increase weaving durability. The final fabric exhibits a high thread count, smooth hand feel, and superior warmth-to-weight ratio suited for premium shawls and scarves.
[00068] In an embodiment, the warp and weft yarns of the handwoven textile fabric are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of visual luster contrast, tactile hand feel contrast, or fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources. Visual luster contrast is achieved by combining matte yarns such as wool or cotton with reflective yarns such as silk or metallic threads, resulting in visual depth and surface texture variation. Tactile hand feel contrast is obtained by pairing soft, smooth yarns like Pashmina or modal with coarser yarns such as raw silk or textured cotton, creating fabrics that appeal to multiple sensory responses. Fiber origin contrast involves using yarns derived from animal sources, such as Pashmina or silk, in combination with yarns from plant-based or regenerated sources such as modal or bamboo viscose. The contrast in fibre origin may also support differentiated dye uptake, enabling multi-tonal appearance. The deliberate selection of contrasting yarns in either warp or weft enables artisans to introduce design complexity without using jacquard or embroidery techniques. The resulting fabric displays enhanced aesthetic appeal and textural richness, meeting requirements for both fashion and home furnishing markets.
[00069] In an embodiment, the weft yarn of the handwoven textile fabric comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina, one ply comprises silk, and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose. The three-ply yarn is formed through a twisting process that combines the individual plies into a unified yarn with balanced structural and performance attributes. The Pashmina ply contributes softness, warmth, and fiber fineness. The silk ply introduces sheen, tensile strength, and a smooth surface. The plant-based fibre ply offers breathability, moisture management, and eco-friendly value. The combination of these plies ensures that the resulting yarn exhibits multidimensional functionality and a premium tactile profile. The three-ply yarn is inserted into the handwoven structure using traditional shuttle-based techniques. Ply sequence and twist level are selected to ensure yarn cohesion and compatibility with manual weaving tension. The fabric produced using such weft yarns is lightweight, insulating, and visually dynamic. The construction is suitable for luxury garments, scarves, and blended textile products catering to sustainability-conscious consumers.
[00070] In an embodiment, handwoven textile fabric comprises a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill. Said weave structures allow for optimized control over yarn interlacing geometry, leading to improved tensile distribution and balanced surface texture. Integration of said warp yarn selected from golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread, China silk yarn, and 100% Pashmina yarn enables modulation of longitudinal strength, visual reflectivity, and structural softness. Said weft yarn selected from 100% Pashmina yarn, 100% Pashmina yarn twisted with golden zari thread, wool-silk blends, modal yarn, and colored Pashmina yarn contributes to lateral fiber behavior, insulation performance, and chromatic variation. The combination of selective yarn materials with customizable weave structures yields increased design flexibility and fabric dimensional stability, resulting in higher durability and thermal performance during end use.
[00071] In an embodiment, warp yarn comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure. Said core-sheath configuration enables longitudinal strength retention provided by said resham thread, while maintaining visual luster and surface reflectivity via the golden zari sheath. Said helical wrapping configuration allows for even distribution of surface tension along the yarn axis during weaving operations, reducing breakage and misalignment. Said composite yarn structure facilitates tension stability during warp deployment, enhancing weave uniformity and reducing loom downtime. The integration of said decorative wrap within said structural core results in combined mechanical reliability and ornamental functionality across handwoven lengths.
[00072] In an embodiment, weft yarn comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein said twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°. Said twist configuration creates a balanced helical ply that improves inter-fiber bonding, reducing fraying and delamination during mechanical agitation. Said metallic thread provides localized reflectance contrast without degrading the softness imparted by said Pashmina yarn. Said angle selection optimizes yarn elasticity and visual rhythm across weft insertions. The hybridization of soft and reflective components through controlled twist enables composite yarn characteristics with tactile smoothness and enhanced light interaction, improving visual depth and hand feel in the final textile.
[00073] In an embodiment, modal yarn used in said weft is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex. Said filament count range allows for controlled yarn thickness, supporting consistent insertion tension and avoiding excessive bulk. Said tenacity enables structural reliability under weaving loads, preventing slippage and breakage during handloom operation. Said modal yarn offers increased drapability and moisture management when combined with wool or Pashmina components, thereby optimizing thermal comfort and fabric movement. Said material characteristics enable production of fine-quality handwoven textiles that retain breathability, shape resilience, and extended service life under repeated wear conditions.
[00074] In an embodiment, colored Pashmina yarns used in said weft are dyed using azo-free, plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root, indigo, turmeric, and harad. Said dye sources offer bio-compatible coloring solutions while preserving natural fibre softness and tensile stability. Said azo-free dye chemistry prevents release of carcinogenic byproducts and meets regulatory standards for skin safety and environmental sustainability. Said plant-based dyes provide stable color fixation without compromising the handwoven yarn flexibility or texture. Said integration of colored yarns enhances visual richness and pattern contrast in the final fabric, allowing batch-to-batch chromatic diversity without synthetic chemical use.
[00075] In an embodiment, warp yarn comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D, selected for high reflectance and tensile elongation. Said denier range supports filament consistency, reducing loom friction and enabling smooth passage through reed and heddles. Said tensile elongation allows accommodation of mechanical stress during tensioning, minimizing breakage rates during weaving. Said reflectance properties increase surface brightness and optical clarity, contributing to luster without additional finishing. Said China silk yarn enables lightweight yet structurally cohesive fabric generation with increased longitudinal flexibility, suitable for high-sheen applications in stoles and scarves.
[00076] In an embodiment, at least one of said warp or said weft yarns comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk, bamboo viscose, or metallic yarn. Said core-sheath construction enables segregation of load-bearing and surface functions, allowing said core to maintain tensile integrity while said sheath imparts optical enhancement. Said silk or bamboo viscose sheath contributes to smooth texture and natural sheen, while said metallic yarn sheath introduces localized reflectance. Said wrapping enables modular performance customization based on end-use requirement, allowing for stable inter-yarn behavior under manual weaving tension, while imparting a layered tactile and visual effect.
[00077] In an embodiment, yarn count of said Pashmina component in either said warp or said weft lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM. Said count range provides a balance between fiber fineness and mechanical integrity, allowing high-density yarn placement without compromising surface smoothness. Said double-ply structure in the count range improves yarn roundness and load distribution across the woven fabric plane. Said yarn count ensures compatibility with traditional handloom reed sizes and minimizes weft misalignment. Said range supports lightweight, soft handwoven fabric production with uniform thermal properties and tactile continuity across woven lengths.
[00078] In an embodiment, said warp and said weft yarns are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of: visual luster contrast, tactile hand feel contrast, or fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources. Said luster contrast results from combining reflective yarns such as silk or metallic with matte yarns such as wool or Pashmina. Said tactile contrast arises by pairing soft yarns like modal with textured yarns like raw silk or wool. Said fiber origin contrast enhances dye uptake differentiation and aesthetic distinction by combining animal-based and plant-based yarns. Said contrasts contribute to perceptible design elements, enhancing both visual differentiation and functional zoning in the fabric body.
[00079] In an embodiment, said weft yarn comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina, one ply comprises silk, and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose. Said ply configuration supports integration of thermal insulation (from Pashmina), visual sheen (from silk), and moisture regulation (from modal or bamboo viscose). Said structural integration creates a unified yarn body with composite performance characteristics. Said three-ply arrangement reduces localized weak spots and supports consistent fabric tensioning. The resulting fabric provides hybrid functional attributes across the woven surface, including softness, reflectivity, and breathability, suitable for multi-seasonal apparel use.
[00080] FIG. 2 illustrates a sample of a fusion fabric comprising Chanderi and Pashmina, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The illustrated fabric demonstrates the integration of Chanderi's characteristic lightweight, semi-transparent texture with the softness and warmth of Pashmina fibres. The warp yarns are selected from silk or fine cotton traditionally used in Chanderi weaving, while the weft yarns incorporate Pashmina to enhance thermal insulation and tactile comfort. The surface of the fabric reflects the subtle sheen typical of Chanderi, combined with the dense yet smooth hand feel contributed by the Pashmina component. The fusion is achieved using handloom weaving techniques, maintaining structural balance and enabling the production of a hybrid textile that is suitable for both warm and cold climates. The fabric depicted in FIG. 2 exhibits uniform weave density, refined finish, and muted gloss, making it applicable for use in premium apparel, scarves, and garments requiring elegance and comfort.
[00081] FIG. 3 illustrates a sample of a zari-Pashmina composite on a China silk base, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The fabric sample showcases a structural arrangement wherein the base comprises China silk filament yarns, known for their fine denier, high reflectance, and tensile elongation. Over this base, Pashmina yarns are integrated in the weft direction to impart softness and thermal insulation, while metallic zari threads are introduced either in warp or weft to provide ornamental luster and surface embellishment. The visible sheen in the image results from the reflective interplay between the zari and the smooth silk substrate, while the subtle texture is imparted by the Pashmina component. The composite construction allows for enhanced drapeability, controlled stiffness, and aesthetic differentiation, suitable for ceremonial or high-fashion textile applications. The depicted fabric demonstrates a balanced fusion of structural integrity, decorative finish, and functional warmth, supporting diverse use cases in premium handwoven garment production.
[00082] FIG. 4 illustrates a sample of a minimalist silk-Pashmina blend, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The fabric comprises a subtle interweaving of silk yarns and Pashmina fibres, producing a surface that is smooth, soft, and visually understated. The warp yarns consist of fine silk filaments selected for their natural sheen and tensile strength, while the weft yarns include 100% Pashmina or a silk-Pashmina blend that provides warmth, softness, and light insulation. The minimalist aesthetic is achieved by limiting ornamentation and maintaining a consistent weave structure with uniform tension, allowing the inherent qualities of the fibres to define the appearance. The resulting fabric has a muted gloss and a balanced drape, with an even texture suitable for both casual and formal applications. The combination enhances wearability across seasons, supporting lightweight warmth and breathability. The sample depicted in FIG. 4 demonstrates a refined textile surface ideal for garments prioritising comfort, elegance, and simplicity.
[00083] FIG. 5 illustrates a sample of a Pashmina warp with wool-silk weft in a twill weave configuration, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The fabric shown utilizes a warp composed of fine Pashmina yarns known for their softness and warmth, interlaced with a weft yarn comprising a blend of 85% wool and 15% silk, as indicated by the labeling in the associated yarn spool. The yarn count is specified as 1/120 NM, indicating a high-fineness two-ply yarn suitable for delicate yet structurally stable weaving. The twill weave structure is evident from the diagonal ribbing visible across the fabric surface, which enhances drapeability, flexibility, and visual texture. The presence of silk in the weft imparts a subtle sheen while the wool ensures insulation and loft. The combination of Pashmina in the warp and the wool-silk blend in the weft results in a lightweight, breathable, and thermally efficient textile suitable for high-end shawls, scarves, and artisanal garments requiring warmth and refinement.
[00084] FIG. 6 illustrates a sample of a multi-fiber weft blend with a Pashmina warp in a twill weave, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The warp comprises fine Pashmina yarns selected for their softness, thermal insulation, and compatibility with handloom weaving. The weft yarn is a three-component blend consisting of 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, as indicated on the spool label, offering a balanced combination of warmth, sheen, and fibre fineness. The yarn count is 2/120 NM, denoting a double-ply fine yarn, which provides enhanced strength and surface uniformity. The twill weave structure, visible through the diagonal patterns on the fabric surface, contributes to the fabric’s flexibility, drape, and visual texture. The presence of silk and Pashmina in the weft enhances the tactile softness and subtle luster, while wool contributes loft and resilience. The resulting fabric is lightweight, breathable, and suitable for use in high-quality shawls, scarves, and premium winter garments where warmth, comfort, and visual refinement are desirable.
[00085] FIG. 7 illustrates a woven fabric sample featuring a pure Pashmina warp and a modal weft constructed in a twill weave pattern, as per the embodiments of the present disclosure. The warp is composed of fine-grade Pashmina yarns, chosen for their exceptional softness, low micron count, and superior thermal retention properties, making them well-suited for high-end textile products. The weft incorporates modal fibers, a type of regenerated cellulose known for its smooth texture, excellent moisture management, and breathable character. The yarn count used is 30s, reflecting a medium-fine quality compatible with handloom weaving processes. The twill weave, identifiable by its characteristic diagonal lines, enhances the fabric’s flexibility and flow, contributing to an elegant drape and improved wearing comfort. To achieve the vibrant coloration observed in the fabric, acid dyes have been employed in the dyeing process. These dyes were selected specifically for their ability to yield rich, saturated hues not feasible with traditional natural dyes, thereby adding visual appeal without compromising the soft hand feel or structural balance of the textile. The integration of modal reduces overall fabric weight while preserving warmth and touch, making the material especially suitable for lightweight stoles, scarves, and transitional garments.
[00086] FIG. 8 illustrates a sample of a multi-twill stripe fabric using Pashmina and colored yarns woven on a traditional handloom, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The fabric showcases a series of horizontal stripes produced through alternating twill weave patterns, each section woven using different colored weft yarns against a consistent Pashmina warp. The colored yarns include naturally and synthetically dyed fibres in shades of purple, yellow, turquoise, green, red, and grey, each integrated to form distinct bands with visible twill textures such as diamond, herringbone, and zigzag. The underlying Pashmina warp provides softness, warmth, and structural integrity, while the colored yarns contribute visual richness and pattern contrast. The transitions between twill patterns are executed manually by the artisan, enabling fine control over texture and geometry. The lower section features a plain off-white field, emphasizing the multicolored upper band. The fringed selvedge indicates manual finishing, highlighting the artisanal nature of the construction. The resulting fabric is suitable for heritage wraps, stoles, or decorative panels.
[00087] Operations in accordance with a variety of aspects of the disclosure is described above would not have to be performed in the precise order described. Rather, various steps can be handled in reverse order or simultaneously or not at all.
[00088] While several implementations have been described and illustrated herein, a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein may be utilized, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the implementations described herein. More generally, all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific implementations described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing implementations are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, implementations may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims
I/We Claim:
1. A handwoven textile fabric comprising:
a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill;
wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising:
a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread,
a China silk yarn, and
a 100% Pashmina yarn;
wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of:
a 100% Pashmina yarn,
a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread,
a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk,
a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina,
a modal yarn, and
a colored Pashmina yarn.
2. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure.
3. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein the twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°.
4. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the modal yarn used in the weft is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex.
5. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the colored Pashmina yarns used in the weft are dyed using azo-free, plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root, indigo, turmeric, and harad.
6. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D, selected for its high reflectance and tensile elongation.
7. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein at least one of the warp or the weft yarns comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk, bamboo viscose, or metallic yarn.
8. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the yarn count of the Pashmina component in either warp or weft lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM.
9. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp and weft yarns are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of: (a) visual luster contrast, (b) tactile hand feel contrast, or (c) fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources.
10. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina, one ply comprises silk, and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose.

HANDWOVEN TEXTILE FABRIC WITH SELECTIVELY COMBINED WARP AND WEFT YARN MATERIALS
Abstract
The present disclosure discloses a handwoven textile fabric comprising a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill; wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread, a China silk yarn, and a 100% Pashmina yarn; wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of a 100% Pashmina yarn, a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread, a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk, a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina, a modal yarn, and a colored Pashmina yarn.
Fig. 1

, Claims:Claims
I/We Claim:
1. A handwoven textile fabric comprising:
a warp yarn and a weft yarn interlaced in a weave structure selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, herringbone twill, zigzag twill, diamond twill, and straight twill;
wherein the warp yarn is selected from the group comprising:
a golden zari thread wrapped around a resham thread,
a China silk yarn, and
a 100% Pashmina yarn;
wherein the weft yarn is selected from the group consisting of:
a 100% Pashmina yarn,
a 100% Pashmina yarn twisted together with a golden zari thread,
a blend comprising 85% wool and 15% silk,
a blend comprising 75% wool, 15% silk, and 10% Cashmere Pashmina,
a modal yarn, and
a colored Pashmina yarn.
2. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a golden zari thread helically wrapped around a resham thread to form a core-sheath composite yarn structure.
3. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a Pashmina yarn twisted with a metallic thread selected from the group consisting of golden zari and silver zari, wherein the twist angle ranges between 10° and 35°.
4. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the modal yarn used in the weft is characterized by a filament count between 30s and 60s and exhibits a tenacity greater than 3.5 cN/dtex.
5. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the colored Pashmina yarns used in the weft are dyed using azo-free, plant-derived dye sources selected from the group consisting of madder root, indigo, turmeric, and harad.
6. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn comprises a China silk filament yarn characterized by a denier in the range of 20D to 40D, selected for its high reflectance and tensile elongation.
7. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein at least one of the warp or the weft yarns comprises a composite formed by wrapping a natural fiber core with a luster-enhancing sheath comprising silk, bamboo viscose, or metallic yarn.
8. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the yarn count of the Pashmina component in either warp or weft lies in the range of 2/48 NM to 2/64 NM.
9. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp and weft yarns are selected to produce a yarn contrast defined by one of: (a) visual luster contrast, (b) tactile hand feel contrast, or (c) fiber origin contrast between animal and plant sources.
10. The handwoven textile fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarn comprises a three-ply structure in which one ply comprises Pashmina, one ply comprises silk, and one ply comprises a plant-based fiber selected from the group consisting of modal and bamboo viscose.