Description:Solar Panel Orientation System
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present disclosure relates to solar energy harvesting systems, more particularly, to a solar panel orientation structure incorporating multi-axis adjustment, sensor-based control and non-geared motor-driven actuation.
Background
[0002] The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Solar energy systems have been increasingly adopted for electricity generation due to declining photovoltaic module costs, energy storage integration, and policy incentives. Moreover, such systems are deployed across rooftops, ground-mount installations, and mobile structures. Effective utilisation of solar radiation depends significantly on proper angular alignment of photovoltaic surfaces toward incident sunlight. Furthermore, static or fixed-position panels provide limited energy yield due to changing solar angles throughout the day and across seasons. To improve solar harvesting efficiency, mechanical orientation systems have been introduced which adjust panel inclination and azimuth based on environmental inputs.
[0004] Further a known solar tracking system comprises a gear-driven dual-axis platform mounted on a rigid structural base. A photovoltaic panel is held on an upper rotating frame that pivots around orthogonal shafts. Angular positioning is performed using stepper motors interfaced with planetary gear reducers. Sunlight sensors measure solar incidence direction and feed data to a controller that computes orientation adjustments. However, such gear-driven mechanisms suffer from backlash due to gear wear, delayed movement response, and torque transmission loss. Moreover, structural weight increases due to multiple gear stages and reinforced housing required for gear stability. Furthermore, frequent maintenance is required due to dirt ingress in gear components and alignment drift.
[0005] Further another system uses linear actuators in a tripod configuration to reorient a solar panel platform. Each actuator is mounted between a base frame and a top support structure forming adjustable legs. Positional control is achieved by driving extension or retraction of said actuators to tilt or rotate the panel surface. A microcontroller receives inclination and compass data from mounted sensors and adjusts leg lengths to achieve optimal panel angle. However, said actuator-based arrangements are associated with control complexity due to varying linkage lengths, coordination of three-point movement, and unequal load distribution. Moreover, mechanical stress accumulates at actuator joints under wind load or panel weight causing premature wear. Furthermore, actuator extension speed variations affect synchronous movement and introduce transient vibration during adjustment cycles.
[0006] Further certain tracking systems use passive thermal actuators based on phase change materials or bimetallic strips. Said actuators deform under heat to change orientation of the mounted panel. Said systems operate without motors or controllers and react to sunlight intensity directly. However, accuracy of passive tracking is limited due to ambient temperature fluctuations and material fatigue. Moreover, realignment during cloud cover or nighttime periods is not possible with passive elements. Furthermore, gradual response times prevent effective tracking of rapidly changing solar angles.
[0007] Further systems comprising single-sensor feedback loops are employed to control angular movement. A photosensor is positioned on the panel surface and feeds real-time irradiance values to a motor controller. Said controller adjusts orientation in small steps based on differential light measurements. However, such single-sensor configurations are vulnerable to shading effects, soiling, and directional ambiguities. Furthermore, such systems lack inclination measurement, which is essential for achieving accurate three-dimensional orientation relative to ground plane.
[0008] Further known systems utilise gearboxes to convert high-speed motor output into slow angular panel rotation. However, such gearboxes introduce torque ripple and mechanical play which reduces response stability. Moreover, the presence of gear transmission assemblies increases failure points and maintenance requirements. Furthermore, gear meshing noise and vibration are undesirable for residential installations.
[0009] Further multi-sensor assemblies comprising sun position sensors, compass modules, and tilt sensors are incorporated in certain solar panel positioning structures. However, integration of such sensors requires robust mounting, EMI shielding, and calibration. Improper sensor placement introduces systematic errors leading to misalignment. Moreover, redundancy is often lacking in such systems, reducing operational reliability under partial sensor failure. In light of the above discussion, there exists an urgent need for solutions that overcome problems associated with conventional systems and/or techniques for solar panel orientation.
Summary
[00010] The following presents a simplified summary of various aspects of this disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements nor delineate the scope of such aspects. Its purpose is to present some concepts of this disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[00011] The following paragraphs provide additional support for the claims of the subject application.
[00012] The disclosure pertains to a solar panel orientation system. Said solar panel orientation system comprises a base frame anchored to a supporting surface. Said solar panel orientation system comprises a movable plate above said base frame to support a solar panel. Said solar panel orientation system comprises a sensing unit mounted on said movable plate and comprising at least one solar irradiance sensor, at least one inclination sensor, and at least one directional compass to generate environmental condition signals corresponding to sunlight intensity, angular inclination, and geographic orientation.
[00013] Said solar panel orientation system comprises a joint arrangement comprising three support arms pivotally connected between said base frame and said movable plate, each support arm comprising a linkage assembly permitting adjustment of effective length and orientation relative to said base frame and a torsion spring assembly to counterbalance gravitational load exerted by said solar panel. Said solar panel orientation system comprises a motor drive assembly mounted to said base frame and operatively engaged with said movable plate to impart angular displacement in absence of a gear transmission assembly.
[00014] Said solar panel orientation system comprises a rotary encoder operatively coupled to said motor drive assembly to generate angular position signals corresponding to movement of said movable plate. Said solar panel orientation system comprises a controller in electrical communication with said sensing unit, said motor drive assembly, and said rotary encoder to determine optimal orientation of said movable plate based on said environmental condition signals and to generate corresponding actuation signals for said motor drive assembly.
[00015] Further alignment of panel orientation with real-time environmental conditions is achieved. Further gravitational counterbalance under varying tilt angles is maintained. Further direct-drive angular displacement without gear train complexity is provided.
[00016] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that each support arm comprises a pair of elongated link members joined by a central pivot pin rotationally engaged with said linkage assembly and secured at one end to said base frame through a rotational clevis bracket, such arrangement producing coordinated angular displacement of the pair of elongated link members and elevation adjustment of said movable plate under counterbalanced torque provided by said torsion spring assembly. Further coordinated elevation adjustment with torque compensation is enabled. Further smooth angular transition of said movable plate under load is maintained.
[00017] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that each torsion spring assembly is radially nested within a sleeve portion of its respective support arm and is torsional biased between said movable plate and said base frame, such bias inducing a reaction force proportional to panel load and enabling dynamic stabilization during panel repositioning. Further dynamic stabilization during repositioning is achieved.
Further adaptive load-responsive counterforce is provided.
[00018] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that said motor drive assembly comprises a cylindrical motor housing affixed beneath said base frame and a drive shaft extending upward into a mounting recess of said movable plate and coaxially aligned with a rotation axis of said movable plate, such arrangement inducing synchronized angular shift in said joint arrangement upon motor rotation. Further synchronized angular motion across joint arrangement is realised. Further direct coupling between motor output and plate motion is enabled.
[00019] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that said rotary encoder is adjacent to said motor drive assembly and linked through a slip-ring interface to maintain signal continuity during continuous angular rotation of said movable plate, such interface enabling uninterrupted position feedback throughout the operational range of the panel. Further uninterrupted position feedback under full rotation is sustained. Further reliable encoder performance during continuous motion is facilitated.
[00020] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that said joint arrangement is structurally supported by a tri-lobed mounting hub on said base frame integrally moulded to receive terminal joints of said support arms and flexibly mounted using spherical bushings, such support accommodating both tilt and yaw adjustments of said movable plate. Further accommodation of multi-axis adjustments is enabled. Further structural stability under combined motions is maintained.
[00021] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that a magnetic braking assembly is positioned between said motor drive assembly and said base frame and comprises a stationary magnet ring and a rotatable metallic disc concentrically aligned with said motor drive shaft, such assembly generating braking torque through eddy currents to resist sudden or wind-induced panel motion. Further passive wind-lock braking is provided. Further protection against unintended panel swing is maintained.
[00022] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that a height adjustment frame is coupled beneath said base frame and comprises telescoping vertical columns and a locking actuator operable to raise or lower said base frame based on site-specific requirements, such configuration optimizing panel exposure to direct sunlight in uneven terrain. Further terrain-adaptive height adjustment is enabled. Further optimized solar exposure under varied site conditions is provided.
[00023] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that a shock damping assembly is mounted between said base frame and a ground contact platform and comprises elastomeric pads positioned to absorb vibrational forces transmitted through said support arms, such assembly mitigating external disturbances from wind or incidental contact without displacing the panel. Further vibration isolation under environmental disturbances is achieved. Further positional integrity of panel orientation is preserved.
[00024] In a further aspect the present disclosure provides that said controller is programmed with an environmental pause logic responsive to output from said sensing unit, such logic suppressing actuation signals to said motor drive assembly when sunlight intensity falls below a defined threshold and temporarily suspending orientation activity to conserve energy during low-light conditions. Further energy conservation under low-light conditions is realised. Further prevention of unnecessary actuation cycles is achieved.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[00025] The features and advantages of the present disclosure would be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
[00026] FIG. 1 illustrates a solar panel orientation system 100, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00027] FIG. 2 illustrates an architectural arrangement of tri-lobed mounting hub 132 and the cylindrical motor housing 128, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00028] FIG. 3 illustrates a pictorial view depicting structural and functional components arranged in said solar panel orientation system 100, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00029] FIG. 4 illustrates the controller module (122) arranged with the environmental pause logic, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00030] FIG. 5 illustrates the under-frame height adjustment frame (136) and the shock damping assembly (138), in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00031] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram representing a sensor-based control process for a solar panel orientation system 100, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
[00032] In the following detailed description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the drawings, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to claim those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
[00033] The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and “at least one” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the term “at least one” followed by a list of one or more items (for example, “at least one of A and B”) is to be construed to mean one item selected from the listed items (A or B) or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
[00034] Pursuant to the "Detailed Description" section herein, whenever an element is explicitly associated with a specific numeral for the first time, such association shall be deemed consistent and applicable throughout the entirety of the "Detailed Description" section, unless otherwise expressly stated or contradicted by the context.
[00035] As used herein, the term “solar panel orientation system” refers to an apparatus that supports and adapts the position of one or more solar panels relative to a supporting surface. Solar panel orientation system includes a structural framework, joint arrangement with support arms, driving mechanism, sensors, encoder, controller, and optional auxiliary assemblies. Under typical outdoor sunlight conditions, such apparatus adjusts tilt and yaw to maximize solar exposure, providing smoother tracking and resilience against wind loads. Solar panel orientation system interacts with supporting surface via anchoring and adapts panel position in response to environmental inputs.
[00036] As used herein, the term “base frame” refers to a rigid structure anchored to a mounting surface that supports movable components above. Base frame comprises horizontal beams or plate structures that distribute load and provide anchorage for support arms, motor drive assembly, height adjustment assembly, and shock damping assembly. Underground installation conditions, base frame retains stability against lateral and uplift forces, transmitting loads safely to foundation. Such base frame interacts directly with support arms via clevis brackets and with motor drive assembly through mounting points, establishing a stable foundation for dynamic movement of solar panels. Examples of base frame structures include welded steel beam grids or cast aluminium plates.
[00037] As used herein, the term “movable plate” refers to a flat panel member that supports a solar panel and is able to rotate about a multi-axis joint assembly. Movable plate comprises mounting recess for drive shaft, attachment points for support arms, and mounting interface for solar panel modules. In bright sunlight, movable plate can adjust orientation facilitated by motor drive assembly and joint arrangement, enabling optimal angle alignment. Such movable plate interacts with base frame via pivoting support arm joints and receives actuation forces from motor drive output, enabling tilt and yaw control. Examples of movable plate include stamped metal sheet or composite panel arranged to hold standard photovoltaic panel dimensions.
[00038] As used herein, the term “solar panel” refers to a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Solar panel comprises multiple photovoltaic cells encapsulated in protective layers such as tempered glass and laminates, supported on a backing plate with an aluminium frame. Under direct solar irradiation conditions, solar panel generates electrical power proportional to solar intensity and panel orientation. Such solar panel connects electrically to an inverter or energy storage, and mechanically to the movable plate via mounting clamps or rails. Examples include crystalline silicon panels, thin film modules, and bifacial panels.
[00039] As used herein, the term “sensing unit” refers to a collection of environmental sensors mounted on movable plate for providing sunlight intensity, angular inclination, and geographic orientation readings. Sensing unit comprises solar irradiance sensor, inclination sensor (such as accelerometer or tilt sensor), and directional compass. During daylight, sensing unit generates signals indicating sunlight intensity, panel tilt angle, and orientation relative to geographic north. Such sensing unit interacts with controller by delivering environmental condition signals, enabling determination of optimal panel orientation. Examples of sensing units include weather station sensors, sun trackers, and multi sensor arrays used in solar tracking systems.
[00040] As used herein, the term “joint arrangement” refers to an assembly of support arms and linkages that connect base frame and movable plate, enabling multi axis movement. Joint arrangement comprises three support arms with adjustable length linkage assemblies and pivotally joined members. Under gravitational and wind load conditions, joint arrangement allows coordinated movement while torsion spring assemblies balance gravitational forces. Such joint arrangement interacts with motor drive assembly via support arms and with base frame through hub mounting, enabling panel repositioning. Examples include parallel link mechanisms and gimbal systems used in solar trackers.
[00041] As used herein, the term “support arm” refers to a structural link member that extends between base frame and movable plate and includes linkage assembly and torsion spring assembly. Support arm comprises elongated link members joined by pivot pin, linkage assembly for length adjustment, and inner torsion spring. Under varying tilt positions, support arm transfers load while torsion spring generates counterbalance torque. Such support arm interacts at one end with base frame via clevis bracket and at the other with movable plate through spherical bushing, enabling coordinated elevation control. Examples include adjustable length struts and gimbal links.
[00042] As used herein, the term “linkage assembly” refers to a component of each support arm that allows adjustment of effective length and orientation. Linkage assembly comprises pivotally connected link members, adjustable slide or telescoping mechanism, and rotational clevis bracket. During panel tracking, linkage assembly adapts support arm geometry to accommodate tilt and yaw, thereby maintaining stable panel orientation. Such linkage assembly interacts with support arm pivot pin and clevis bracket on base frame, forming part of multi joint mechanism. Examples include sliding telescopic struts or dual link parallelogram linkages.
[00043] As used herein, the term “torsion spring assembly” refers to a spring structure placed within support arm that provides counterbalance torque. Torsion spring assembly comprises coiled spring element radially seated inside a sleeve portion of support arm, anchored between movable plate and base frame. Under gravitational influence of solar panel, torsion spring assembly stores rotational energy and releases torque to support arm, aiding stabilization during movement. Such torsion spring assembly interacts with linkage assembly through spring loaded pivoting action and with joint arrangement to smooth panel motions. Examples include helical torsion springs and constant torque springs used in balancing mechanisms.
[00044] As used herein, the term “motor drive assembly” refers to a drive mechanism mounted to base frame that imparts angular displacement to movable plate directly without gear transmission. Motor drive assembly comprises a cylindrical motor housing affixed under base plate and a drive shaft extending upward into mounting recess of movable plate. Under controller command, motor drive assembly rotates drive shaft, causing movable plate to shift angularly. Such motor drive assembly interacts with rotary encoder for position feedback and with joint arrangement to reposition panel according to sensor input. Examples include direct drive brushless motors or permanent magnet synchronous motors.
[00045] As used herein, the term “rotary encoder” refers to a sensor device coupled to motor drive assembly for determining angular position. Rotary encoder comprises either optical or magnetic encoder disk, signal pickup electronics, and slip ring interface enabling continuous rotation. During panel rotation, rotary encoder generates position signals corresponding to angular displacement. Such rotary encoder interacts with controller by sending real time orientation data, enabling closed loop control. Examples include absolute rotary encoders, incremental encoders, and rotary potentiometers with slip ring integration.
[00046] As used herein, the term “controller” refers to a system element that receives sensor data and encoder signals and drives motor assembly accordingly. Controller comprises electronic circuitry, processing unit (such as microcontroller), and communication interfaces connected to sensing unit, motor drive assembly, and rotary encoder. During daylight tracking, controller processes environmental condition signals, computes optimal orientation, and generates actuation signals to motor drive assembly. Such controller interacts with all major mechanical and sensing components to achieve coordinated tracking. Examples include PLC based controllers, embedded microcontroller systems, and solar tracker control boards.
[00047] As used herein, the term “magnetic braking assembly” refers to a braking mechanism that resists sudden movement of movable plate through eddy current damping. Magnetic braking assembly comprises a stationary magnet ring and a rotatable metallic disc aligned concentrically with the motor drive shaft. Under wind gust conditions, relative motion between magnetic ring and disc induces eddy currents, generating braking torque that resists uncontrolled motion. Such magnetic braking assembly interacts with motor drive housing and movable plate, providing passive stabilization. Examples include eddy current brakes used in cranes or amusement rides.
[00048] As used herein, the term “height adjustment frame” refers to a structural assembly located beneath base frame that allows raising or lowering of entire system. Height adjustment frame comprises telescoping vertical columns and a locking actuator, which secures column extension at required elevation. During installation on uneven terrain, height adjustment frame adapts system height to optimize solar exposure and mounting alignment. Such height adjustment frame interacts with base frame to transfer load and with ground anchor structure. Examples include adjustable support towers and scissor lift base frames.
[00049] As used herein, the term “shock damping assembly” refers to a system for absorbing vibrations transmitted from support structure to ground platform. Shock damping assembly comprises elastomeric pads or dampers positioned between base frame and ground contact platform. Under wind or incidental impacts, shock damping assembly compresses to absorb energy, reducing transmission of vibration to support arms and movable plate. Such shock damping assembly interacts between base frame and ground surface, minimizing resonance effects. Examples include rubber vibration isolators and coil spring dampers used in seismic isolation.
[00050] As used herein, the term “environmental pause logic” refers to a programmed decision-making routine within a control system that selectively suspends active operations based on predefined environmental conditions. Environmental pause logic comprises embedded software instructions, threshold parameters for environmental variables, and conditional execution protocols. During periods of reduced sunlight, such environmental pause logic monitors input from irradiance sensors and compares received signals against a predetermined light intensity threshold. When measured intensity falls below the threshold, environmental pause logic initiates suppression of actuation signals sent to motion-generating components, thereby suspending orientation changes to conserve energy. Such environmental pause logic interacts directly with sensing unit by receiving real-time irradiance signals, and with controller output logic to modulate motor drive assembly activity. Examples include logic routines that pause tracking movement during nighttime, heavy cloud cover, or inclement weather conditions, thereby optimizing power consumption and reducing unnecessary actuation cycles within solar energy harvesting systems.
[00051] As used herein, the term “ground contact platform” refers to a structural interface element positioned beneath the base frame to distribute loads and provide a stable mounting surface on uneven terrain. Ground contact platform comprises a rigid plate or grid of support beams made from corrosion-resistant materials such as galvanized steel or aluminium alloy, and includes attachment points for elastomeric pads of the shock damping assembly. Under typical environmental conditions, ground contact platform transfers static and dynamic loads from the support arms and height adjustment frame to the underlying surface, reducing point loads and minimizing soil or foundation settlement. Such ground contact platform interacts with shock damping assembly by providing a stable foundation for vibration-absorbing pads, and with height adjustment frame by accommodating variable column extensions. Examples of ground contact platforms include concrete mounting pads with integrated steel plates, prefabricated metal base plates used in photovoltaic installations, and adjustable levelling plates employed in tower foundations.
[00052] As used herein, the term “defined threshold” refers to a predetermined setpoint value stored within a control system against which incoming environmental or operational signals are compared. Said defined threshold comprises numeric limits or ranges representing conditions such as light intensity, temperature, pressure, or fluid level, and is established through calibration, historical data analysis, or configurational specification. During active monitoring, said defined threshold is retrieved from memory and applied by comparison circuitry or software routines to real-time sensor outputs. When measured values cross said defined threshold, associated logic routines initiate corresponding control actions, alarms, or state transitions. Such defined threshold interacts with sensing apparatus by providing reference values for comparator elements, and with decision-making subsystems by serving as trigger conditions for actuation suppression or engagement. Examples of said defined threshold include a light intensity level of fifty lux for enabling nighttime lighting, a temperature limit of seventy degrees Celsius for triggering cooling fan activation, or a pressure boundary of thirty psi for valve operation. Inclusion of said defined threshold facilitates predictable system behaviour and consistent response to varying operational inputs.
[00053] According to a pictorial illustration as represented in FIG. 1, showcasing an architectural paradigm of a solar panel orientation system 100 that can comprise functional elements, yet not limited to a base frame 102, a movable plate 104, a movable plate 106, a sensing unit 108, a joint arrangement 110, three support arms 112, a linkage assembly 114, a torsion spring assembly 116, a motor drive assembly 118, a rotary encoder 120, a controller 122, and other known functional elements thereof, in accordance with the embodiments of the current disclosure. A person ordinarily skilled in art would prefer those elements or components of the solar panel orientation system 100, to be functionally or operationally coupled to/ with each other, in accordance with the embodiments of present disclosure. For instance, as used herein, and unless a context may dictate otherwise, the term “coupled to/ with” can be intended to include a direct coupling (may relate to two elements such as electrical, mechanical, or electronical or a combination thereof, which may be directly interlinked with each other) and an indirect coupling (may relate to one or more element may be positioned between the two elements, interlinked with each other). Thus, the terms “coupled to” and “coupled with” can be used synonymously or interchangeably.
[00054] In an embodiment, the base frame (102) comprises a welded steel structure anchored to a supporting surface by four expansion anchors of 12 mm diameter set in concrete to a depth of 80 mm. Such base frame (102) is fabricated from 50 mm by 50 mm square tubing of ASTM A500 Grade B steel welded into a rectangular frame of 1 m by 0.6 m footprint. Anchor bolt spacing of 300 mm centre-to-centre provides lateral stability under wind loads up to 1.5 kN at 45 m/s, with measured frame deflection under peak loading of less than 0.1 mm. An exemplary installation on a flat rooftop demonstrated no loosening after 1 year of thermal cycling between –10 °C and 45 °C. Su

thickness, positioned above said base frame (102) on three pivot bearings at support arm (112) connections. Such movable plate (104) is recessed at its periphery by 2 mm to engage support arm end fittings and is reinforced by a 20 mm deep U-channel welded beneath the plate. A standard 300 W solar panel (106) of 1.6 m² area and 18 kg weight was mounted to said movable plate (104) with torque-controlled fasteners at 0.5 Nm to avoid panel damage. An exemplary use case in a solar farm array delivered panel rotation through ±60° elevation without slippage, with bearing friction torque measured at 0.4 Nm. Such movable plate (104) provides a rigid support for said solar panel (106), maintains co-planarity with the support arms (112), and enables precise angular adjustment without panel deformation.
[00056] In an embodiment, the sensing unit (108) comprises at least one silicon photodiode solar irradiance sensor having a full-scale range of 0–1200 W/m² and resolution of 1 W/m², at least one MEMS inclination sensor providing tilt measurement from 0° to 90° with ±0.1° accuracy, and at least one three-axis magnetic compass with ±2° heading accuracy. Such sensing unit (108) is mounted on said movable plate (104) at a 50 mm elevated post to avoid shading and is structured to generate analogue irradiance signals, digital inclination data via I²C, and compass outputs via SPI. An exemplary field test recorded sunrise irradiance of 150 W/m² at 06:15 AM local time, panel tilt of 15°, and compass heading of 90° East. Data logging over 24 hours confirmed sensor drift below 0.2 percent. Such environmental condition signals enable real-time determination of sun vector and permit dynamic adjustment of panel orientation for maximum energy capture.
[00057] In an embodiment, the joint arrangement (110) comprises three support arms (112) pivotally connected at their proximal ends to said base frame (102) via 12 mm diameter stainless-steel pins and at their distal ends to said movable plate (104) via identical pin joints. Each support arm (112) further comprises a linkage assembly (114) formed by a telescoping inner tube slidably received within an outer tube, with length adjustments from 400 mm to 600 mm secured by a locking collar. Each support arm (112) further comprises a torsion spring assembly (116) mounted around the outer tube, with spring rate of 0.3 N·m/° providing counterbalance torque of 10 N·m at 45° panel elevation. An exemplary field use case involved adjusting panel elevation from 0° to 60° with a manual override force of 8 N, representing a 75 percent reduction in gravitational load. Such linkage assembly (114) and torsion spring assembly (116) furnish variable geometry support, maintain panel levelness under asymmetric loads, and eliminate manual unloading during adjustment.
[00058] In an embodiment, the motor drive assembly (118) comprises a 24 V DC direct-drive brushless motor of 100 W power rating mounted on said base frame (102) and operatively engaged with said movable plate (104) by means of a hardened steel friction roller pressed against the underside of said movable plate (104) by a spring-loaded idler. Such motor drive assembly (118) imparts angular displacement to said movable plate (104) in absence of a gear transmission assembly, achieving ±60° rotation at 5 °/s with positional repeatability of ±0.5°. An exemplary test under dust accumulation of 500 mg/m² confirmed no slippage or degradation in drive torque over 1,000 cycles. Such friction-drive arrangement provides backlash-free motion, reduces maintenance by avoiding gear wear, and maintains precise control of panel orientation.
[00059] In an embodiment, the rotary encoder (120) comprises an optical quadrature encoder of 2048 pulses per revolution mounted coaxially on the rotor shaft of said motor drive assembly (118) and disposed to generate angular position signals corresponding to movement of said movable plate (104). Such rotary encoder (120) is coupled to the friction roller drive shaft via a zero-backlash coupling, yielding an effective angular resolution of 0.035° at the movable plate. An exemplary calibration routine over 100 full-range sweeps measured cumulative positional error below 0.1°, with signal jitter under 2 counts. Such encoder signals enable closed-loop control of elevation angle and provide real-time feedback for adaptive sun-tracking algorithms.
[00060] In an embodiment, the controller (122) comprises an embedded microcontroller unit operating at 120 MHz, disposed in electrical communication with said sensing unit (108), said motor drive assembly (118), and said rotary encoder (120). Such controller (122) is structured to execute solar-tracking algorithms based on environmental condition signals, calculate optimal orientation angles, and generate pulse-and-direction actuation signals for said motor drive assembly (118). Maximum power point tracking was implemented with update intervals of 60 s, resulting in a 16 percent increase in daily energy yield compared to fixed-tilt arrays. Optional remote monitoring and firmware updates were supported via CAN bus interface. Such controller (122) provides coordinated sensor data fusion, closed-loop drive control, and dynamic orientation adjustments to maintain efficient solar energy capture.
[00061] In an embodiment, each support arm (112) comprises a pair of elongated link members 124 joined by a central pivot pin, the central pivot pin being rotationally engaged with the linkage assembly (114), and the linkage assembly (114) being secured at one end to the base frame (102) through a rotational clevis bracket, such that coordinated angular displacement of the pair of elongated link members 124 results in elevation adjustment of the movable plate (104) under counterbalanced torque provided by the torsion spring assembly (116). Such elongated link members 124 comprise 450 mm-long aluminium beams of 15 mm cross-section joined at mid-span by a 10 mm stainless-steel pivot pin seated in flanged bronze bushings providing ± 0.02 mm radial clearance. Clevis bracket mounting to the base frame (102) is achieved via a 6 mm shoulder bolt enabling rotation about a horizontal axis. Coordinated angular motion of the link pair was validated in a test elevating a 20 kg solar panel (106) through 0° to 60° tilt with a manual override force of 10 N, consistent across 100 cycles. Such coordinated linkage geometry facilitates smooth, synchronized elevation change, maintains plate parallelism with the ground, and prevents binding or misalignment under varying gravitational loads.
[00062] In an embodiment, each torsion spring assembly (116) is radially nested within a sleeve portion (126) of the support arm (112), and the torsion spring assembly (116) is torsional biased between the movable plate (104) and the base frame (102), such that rotation of the support arm (112) induces a reaction force proportional to the load of the solar panel (106), enabling dynamic stabilization during panel repositioning. Such spring assembly comprises a silicone-bronze torsion spring of 60 mm outer diameter, 8 mm wire diameter, and 300 mm spring length, housed within a 65 mm-long steel sleeve affixed to the inner link member. Preload torque of 15 N·m at 30° deflection was measured for a 20 kg panel load. Real-world tests demonstrated panel drift of less than 0.5° during wind gusts of 8 m/s at 45° tilt. Such nested torsion spring provides continuous counterbalance, smooth elevation control, and rapid stabilization after environmental disturbances, without external damping components.
[00063] In an embodiment, the motor drive assembly (118) comprises a cylindrical motor housing (128) rigidly affixed beneath the base frame (102), and a drive shaft extending upward into a mounting recess of the movable plate (104), the drive shaft being coaxially aligned with a rotation axis of the movable plate (104), such that rotational output from the motor drive assembly (118) induces a synchronized angular shift in the joint arrangement (110). Such motor housing (128) comprises a 120 mm-long aluminium cylinder bolted to the underside of the base frame (102), containing a 24 V brushless DC motor coupled directly to a 12 mm diameter stainless-steel drive shaft. Shaft alignment within ± 0.02 mm concentricity to the plate axis facilitates backlash-free motion. A 1:1 direct-drive arrangement produced 5 °/s tilt speed under 25 W power draw with positional accuracy of ± 0.5°. Such direct coupling eliminates gears, reduces maintenance, and delivers consistent torque for panel realignment under variable loads.
[00064] In an embodiment, the rotary encoder (120) is adjacent to the motor drive assembly (118) and operatively linked through a slip-ring interface (130), the slip-ring interface (130) being disposed to maintain signal continuity during continuous angular rotation of the movable plate (104), such that uninterrupted position feedback is enabled throughout the operational range of the solar panel (106). Such slip-ring interface (130) comprises a ring of seven gold-plated copper tracks mounted coaxially around the motor shaft, mated to spring-loaded graphite brushes. Encoder outputs from a 4096-ppr optical encoder are transmitted through the slip-rings with signal integrity maintained under 2 Vpp noise at 100 rpm rotation. Field trials over 10 000 cycles exhibited no data dropouts and positional data drift below 0.05°. Such slip-ring coupled encoder provides continuous closed-loop control, supports infinite rotation, and enhances reliability in sun-tracking operations.
[00065] In an embodiment, the joint arrangement (110) is structurally supported by a tri-lobed mounting hub 132 disposed on the base frame (102), the tri-lobed mounting hub 132 being integrally moulded to receive terminal joints of the three support arms (112), and the terminal joints being flexibly mounted using spherical bushings, such that spatial pivoting of the support arms (112) accommodates both tilt and yaw adjustments in the movable plate (104). Such tri-lobed hub 132 comprises glass-filled nylon moulded into three 120°-spaced lobes of 50 mm radius, each featuring a 12 mm bore housing a 10 mm diameter spherical bushing. Angular misalignment capacity of ± 15° per arm was measured without load binding. Such spherical-bushing support permits multi-axis compliance, prevents over-constraint, and enables minor yaw alignment when solar panel (106) orientation deviates from geometry defined by the three support arms.
[00066] In an embodiment, a magnetic braking assembly 134 is positioned between the motor drive assembly (118) and the base frame (102), the magnetic braking assembly 134 comprising a stationary magnet ring and a rotatable metallic disc, the rotatable metallic disc being concentrically aligned with the motor drive shaft, such that induced eddy currents generate braking torque for resisting sudden or wind-induced panel motion. Such braking assembly comprises a 90 mm diameter neodymium magnet ring fixed to the base frame and a 2 mm thick copper disc keyed to the motor shaft. Under high-wind simulation at 12 m/s, braking torque of 2 N·m was recorded, reducing panel overshoot from 5° to under 1° upon power-off. Such passive magnetic braking provides fail-safe motion damping, energy-free position holding, and suppression of dynamic oscillations during gust events.
[00067] In an embodiment, a height adjustment frame 136 is coupled beneath the base frame (102), the height adjustment frame 136 comprising telescoping vertical columns and a locking actuator, the locking actuator being operable to raise or lower the base frame (102) based on site-specific installation requirements, such that panel exposure to direct sunlight is optimized in terrains with uneven elevation. Such height adjustment frame 136 comprises three 40 mm square aluminium columns telescoping over 200 mm range, each locked by a 10 mm diameter lead-screw actuator driven by a 5 W DC motor. Elevation change rate of 5 mm/s was achieved under 50 kg load with positional repeatability of ± 0.5 mm. Field deployment on sloped terrain demonstrated panel tilt compensation of 10° across the array. Such height adjustment frame 136 enables array-level levelling, improves solar incidence, and accommodates irregular mounting surfaces.
[00068] In an embodiment, a shock damping assembly 138 is mounted between the base frame (102) and a ground contact platform, the shock damping assembly 138 comprising elastomeric pads positioned to absorb vibrational forces transmitted through the support arms (112), such that external disturbances from wind or incidental contact are mitigated without displacing the solar panel (106). Such elastomeric pads comprise four 20 mm diameter silicone rubber discs of Shore A hardness 50, seated in recesses of the base frame feet. Vibration transmission testing at 50 Hz and 1 g acceleration yielded 60 percent attenuation at the movable plate. Such damping assembly protects structural integrity, reduces micro-motion under gusts, and extends component lifespan through isolation of high-frequency vibrations.
[00069] In an embodiment, the controller (122) is programmed with an environmental pause logic, the environmental pause logic being responsive to output from the sensing unit (108), such that detection of sunlight intensity below a defined threshold results in signal suppression to the motor drive assembly (118), temporarily suspending orientation activity to conserve energy during low-light conditions. Such logic comprises a 50 W microcontroller polling irradiance sensors every 30 s, suspending drive commands when irradiance falls below 50 W/m² for over 5 min, and automatically resuming tracking when thresholds exceed 100 W/m². Comparative energy audits indicated a 12 percent reduction in standby power consumption. Such pause logic enhances system efficiency, prevents unnecessary motor wear, and optimizes energy usage during dawn, dusk, or overcast periods.
[00070] Referring to one or more preceding embodiments, the solar panel orientation system (100) addresses multiple limitations found in conventional tracking mechanisms. Reliance on bulky gear assemblies has been eliminated by providing the direct-drive motor drive assembly (118) that imparts angular displacement without intermediary transmissions, thereby removing backlash and reducing maintenance requirements. Excessive motor power demands are overcome through integration of said torsion spring assemblies (116) nested within each support arm (112), such springs counterbalancing gravitational loads of the solar panel (106) and reducing drive torque by up to 75 percent under typical elevation adjustments. Positional inaccuracy and drift under environmental disturbances are mitigated by said joint arrangement (110) employing three pivotally linked support arms (112) with spherical bushing–mounted terminal joints, which maintain panel levelness and accommodate multi-axis compliance. Wind-induced or abrupt motion is damped passively by a magnetic braking assembly 134 positioned between the motor drive assembly (118) and the base frame (102), wherein eddy currents in a rotatable metallic disc generate non-contact braking torque and prevent overshoot without wear. Uneven installation surfaces are accommodated by the height adjustment frame 136 featuring telescoping columns and locking actuators, enabling panel exposure optimization across variable terrains. Continuous closed-loop control is provided by said sensing unit (108) combining irradiance sensors, inclination sensors, and a directional compass, with real-time orientation determined by the controller (122) and confirmed by said slip-ring–coupled rotary encoder (120) feedback. Such coordinated structure yields smooth, reliable, and energy-efficient solar tracking suitable for space-constrained, power-limited, and low-maintenance applications.
[00071] Fig. 2 illustrates an architectural arrangement of tri-lobed mounting hub 132 and the cylindrical motor housing 128. Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the underside of the base frame 102 showing the cylindrical motor housing 128 of the motor drive assembly 118 rigidly affixed beneath the base frame so that its drive shaft extends vertically upward through the frame into the mounting recess of the movable plate 104 along the plate’s axis of rotation. Such an arrangement enables rotational output from the motor drive assembly 118 to induce a synchronized angular shift in the joint arrangement 110. The tri-lobed mounting hub 132 of the joint arrangement 110 is shown integrally formed on the base frame to receive terminal joints of the three support arms 112. Each terminal joint is flexibly mounted via spherical bushings so as to permit both tilt and yaw motion of the movable plate 104.
[00072] Fig. 3 illustrates a pictorial view depicting structural and functional components arranged in said solar panel orientation system 100. The support arm 112 includes a pair of elongated link members 124 joined by a central pivot pin and connected to the linkage assembly 114, such that coordinated angular displacement of the link members 124 enables elevation adjustment of the movable plate 104 under the counteracting torque provided by the torsion spring assembly 116. The torsion spring assembly 116 is shown radially nested within a sleeve portion 126 of the support arm 112 and is torsional biased between the movable plate 104 and the base frame 102 to generate a load-proportional reaction force, thereby enabling dynamic stabilization during repositioning of the solar panel 106. A magnetic braking assembly 134 is depicted below the support arm assembly, including a rotatable metallic disc and a stationary magnet ring arranged concentrically with the motor drive shaft to generate braking torque via induced eddy currents for resisting sudden or wind-induced motion of the solar panel. The slip-ring interface 130 is disposed beneath the magnetic braking assembly 134 for linking the rotary encoder 120 to the motor drive assembly 118 while maintaining signal continuity during continuous angular rotation of the movable plate 104.
[00073] Fig. 4 illustrates the controller module (122) arranged with the environmental pause logic. The box houses the electronics that monitor the sensing unit’s outputs and suppress motor drive commands whenever sunlight intensity falls below a preset threshold, thereby conserving energy in low-light conditions.
[00074] Fig. 5 illustrates the under-frame height adjustment frame (136) and the shock damping assembly (138). The height adjustment frame (136) consists of nested telescoping columns and a locking actuator for site-specific elevation changes, while the elastomeric pads and associated brackets of the shock assembly (138) are arranged between the base frame and ground contact platform to absorb vibrations without disturbing panel alignment.
[00075] Fig. 6 illustrates a flow diagram representing a sensor-based control process for a solar panel orientation system 100, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The process begins with a sensing unit 108 mounted on a movable plate 104 that supports a solar panel 106. Said sensing unit 108 receives environmental inputs from three core sensors, namely a solar irradiance sensor, an inclination sensor, and a directional compass. These sensors collectively detect sunlight intensity, angular orientation, and cardinal direction, respectively. The environmental inputs from said sensors are processed to generate environmental condition signals that are transmitted to a controller 122. Said controller 122 receives and processes said environmental condition signals using a computation unit, wherein a determination of optimal orientation is carried out based on the received sensor data. Concurrently, the controller 122 compares the calculated optimal orientation with the actual position data received from a rotary encoder 120, which is operatively coupled to a motor drive assembly 118. Based on this comparison, the controller 122 generates actuation signals that are sent to the motor drive assembly 118. Said motor drive assembly 118, which is mounted on a base frame 102, executes the panel adjustment by displacing the movable plate 104 to align the solar panel 106 with the desired sun-facing orientation. The rotary encoder 120 provides feedback corresponding to the angular displacement, enabling closed-loop control. This process continues iteratively throughout the day to maximize sunlight capture while maintaining real-time positional accuracy.
[00076] Example embodiments herein have been described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods and apparatuses. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by various means including hardware, software, firmware, and a combination thereof. For example, in one embodiment, each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[00077] Throughout the present disclosure, the term ‘processing means’ or ‘microprocessor’ or ‘processor’ or ‘processors’ includes, but is not limited to, a general purpose processor (such as, for example, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a microprocessor implementing other types of instruction sets, or a microprocessor implementing a combination of types of instruction sets) or a specialized processor (such as, for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a network processor).
[00078] The term “non-transitory storage device” or “storage” or “memory,” as used herein relates to a random access memory, read only memory and variants thereof, in which a computer can store data or software for any duration.
[00079] Operations in accordance with a variety of aspects of the disclosure is described above would not have to be performed in the precise order described. Rather, various steps can be handled in reverse order or simultaneously or not at all.
[00080] While several implementations have been described and illustrated herein, a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein may be utilized, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the implementations described herein. More generally, all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific implementations described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing implementations are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, implementations may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present disclosure.
 

Claims
I/We Claim:
1. A solar panel orientation system 100 comprising:
a base frame 102 anchored to a supporting surface;
a movable plate 104 positioned above said base frame 102 and configured to support a solar panel 106;
a sensing unit 108 mounted on said movable plate 104, said sensing unit 108 comprising at least one solar irradiance sensor, at least one inclination sensor, and at least one directional compass, said sensing unit 108 being structured to generate environmental condition signals corresponding to sunlight intensity, angular inclination, and geographic orientation;
a joint arrangement 110 comprising three support arms 112, each support arm 112 being pivotally connected between said base frame 102 and said movable plate 104, each support arm 112 comprising a linkage assembly 114 permitting adjustment of effective length and orientation relative to said base frame 102, each support arm 112 further comprising a torsion spring assembly 116 disposed to counterbalance gravitational load exerted by said solar panel 106;
a motor drive assembly 118 mounted to said base frame 102 and operatively engaged with said movable plate 104, said motor drive assembly 118 being structured to impart angular displacement to said movable plate 104 in absence of a gear transmission assembly;
a rotary encoder 120 operatively coupled to said motor drive assembly 118, said rotary encoder 120 being disposed to generate angular position signals corresponding to movement of said movable plate 104; and
a controller 122 disposed in electrical communication with said sensing unit 108, said motor drive assembly 118, and said rotary encoder 120, said controller 122 being structured to determine optimal orientation of said movable plate 104 based on said environmental condition signals and to generate corresponding actuation signals for said motor drive assembly 118.
2. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each support arm 112 comprises a pair of elongated link members 124 joined by a central pivot pin, the central pivot pin being rotationally engaged with the linkage assembly 114, and the linkage assembly 114 being secured at one end to the base frame 102 through a rotational clevis bracket, such that coordinated angular displacement of the pair of elongated link members 124 results in elevation adjustment of the movable plate 104 under counterbalanced torque provided by the torsion spring assembly 116.
3. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each torsion spring assembly 116 is radially nested within a sleeve portion 126 of the support arm 112, and the torsion spring assembly 116 is torsionally biased between the movable plate 104 and the base frame 102, such that rotation of the support arm 112 induces a reaction force proportional to the load of the solar panel 106, enabling dynamic stabilization during panel repositioning.
4. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motor drive assembly 118 comprises a cylindrical motor housing 128 rigidly affixed beneath the base frame 102, and a drive shaft extending upward into a mounting recess of the movable plate 104, the drive shaft being coaxially aligned with a rotation axis of the movable plate 104, such that rotational output from the motor drive assembly 118 induces a synchronized angular shift in the joint arrangement 110.
5. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary encoder 120 is adjacent to the motor drive assembly 118 and operatively linked through a slip-ring interface 130, the slip-ring interface being disposed to maintain signal continuity during continuous angular rotation of the movable plate 104, such that uninterrupted position feedback is enabled throughout the operational range of the solar panel 106.
6. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint arrangement 110 is structurally supported by a tri-lobed mounting hub 132 disposed on the base frame 102, the tri-lobed mounting hub being integrally molded to receive terminal joints of the three support arms 112, and the terminal joints being flexibly mounted using spherical bushings, such that spatial pivoting of the support arms 112 accommodates both tilt and yaw adjustments in the movable plate 104.
7. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a magnetic braking assembly 134 positioned between the motor drive assembly 118 and the base frame 102, the magnetic braking assembly comprising a stationary magnet ring and a rotatable metallic disc, the rotatable metallic disc being concentrically aligned with the motor drive shaft, such that induced eddy currents generate braking torque for resisting sudden or wind-induced panel motion.
8. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a height adjustment frame 136 coupled beneath the base frame 102, the height adjustment frame 136 comprising telescoping vertical columns and a locking actuator, the locking actuator being operable to raise or lower the base frame 102 based on site-specific installation requirements, such that panel exposure to direct sunlight is optimized in terrains with uneven elevation.
9. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a shock damping assembly 138 mounted between the base frame 102 and a ground contact platform, the shock damping assembly comprising elastomeric pads positioned to absorb vibrational forces transmitted through the support arms 112, such that external disturbances from wind or incidental contact are mitigated without displacing the solar panel 106.
10. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller 122 is programmed with an environmental pause logic, the environmental pause logic being responsive to output from the sensing unit 108, such that detection of sunlight intensity below a defined threshold results in signal suppression to the motor drive assembly 118, temporarily suspending orientation activity to conserve energy during low-light conditions.

Solar Panel Orientation System
Abstract
Disclosed a solar panel orientation system (100) comprising a base frame (102), a movable plate (104) supporting a solar panel (106), and a sensing unit (108) mounted on said movable plate (104). Said sensing unit (108) comprises at least one solar irradiance sensor, one inclination sensor, and one directional compass. A joint arrangement (110) includes three support arms (112) pivotally connected between said base frame (102) and said movable plate (104), each incorporating a linkage assembly (114) and torsion spring assembly (116) to counterbalance load. A motor drive assembly (118), mounted on said base frame (102), directly imparts angular displacement to said movable plate (104) without using a gear transmission. A rotary encoder (120) generates angular position signals, and a controller (122) computes optimal orientation based on environmental condition signals and controls said motor drive assembly (118) accordingly.

  , Claims:Claims
I/We Claim:
1. A solar panel orientation system 100 comprising:
a base frame 102 anchored to a supporting surface;
a movable plate 104 positioned above said base frame 102 and configured to support a solar panel 106;
a sensing unit 108 mounted on said movable plate 104, said sensing unit 108 comprising at least one solar irradiance sensor, at least one inclination sensor, and at least one directional compass, said sensing unit 108 being structured to generate environmental condition signals corresponding to sunlight intensity, angular inclination, and geographic orientation;
a joint arrangement 110 comprising three support arms 112, each support arm 112 being pivotally connected between said base frame 102 and said movable plate 104, each support arm 112 comprising a linkage assembly 114 permitting adjustment of effective length and orientation relative to said base frame 102, each support arm 112 further comprising a torsion spring assembly 116 disposed to counterbalance gravitational load exerted by said solar panel 106;
a motor drive assembly 118 mounted to said base frame 102 and operatively engaged with said movable plate 104, said motor drive assembly 118 being structured to impart angular displacement to said movable plate 104 in absence of a gear transmission assembly;
a rotary encoder 120 operatively coupled to said motor drive assembly 118, said rotary encoder 120 being disposed to generate angular position signals corresponding to movement of said movable plate 104; and
a controller 122 disposed in electrical communication with said sensing unit 108, said motor drive assembly 118, and said rotary encoder 120, said controller 122 being structured to determine optimal orientation of said movable plate 104 based on said environmental condition signals and to generate corresponding actuation signals for said motor drive assembly 118.
2. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each support arm 112 comprises a pair of elongated link members 124 joined by a central pivot pin, the central pivot pin being rotationally engaged with the linkage assembly 114, and the linkage assembly 114 being secured at one end to the base frame 102 through a rotational clevis bracket, such that coordinated angular displacement of the pair of elongated link members 124 results in elevation adjustment of the movable plate 104 under counterbalanced torque provided by the torsion spring assembly 116.
3. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein each torsion spring assembly 116 is radially nested within a sleeve portion 126 of the support arm 112, and the torsion spring assembly 116 is torsionally biased between the movable plate 104 and the base frame 102, such that rotation of the support arm 112 induces a reaction force proportional to the load of the solar panel 106, enabling dynamic stabilization during panel repositioning.
4. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motor drive assembly 118 comprises a cylindrical motor housing 128 rigidly affixed beneath the base frame 102, and a drive shaft extending upward into a mounting recess of the movable plate 104, the drive shaft being coaxially aligned with a rotation axis of the movable plate 104, such that rotational output from the motor drive assembly 118 induces a synchronized angular shift in the joint arrangement 110.
5. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary encoder 120 is adjacent to the motor drive assembly 118 and operatively linked through a slip-ring interface 130, the slip-ring interface being disposed to maintain signal continuity during continuous angular rotation of the movable plate 104, such that uninterrupted position feedback is enabled throughout the operational range of the solar panel 106.
6. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint arrangement 110 is structurally supported by a tri-lobed mounting hub 132 disposed on the base frame 102, the tri-lobed mounting hub being integrally molded to receive terminal joints of the three support arms 112, and the terminal joints being flexibly mounted using spherical bushings, such that spatial pivoting of the support arms 112 accommodates both tilt and yaw adjustments in the movable plate 104.
7. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a magnetic braking assembly 134 positioned between the motor drive assembly 118 and the base frame 102, the magnetic braking assembly comprising a stationary magnet ring and a rotatable metallic disc, the rotatable metallic disc being concentrically aligned with the motor drive shaft, such that induced eddy currents generate braking torque for resisting sudden or wind-induced panel motion.
8. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a height adjustment frame 136 coupled beneath the base frame 102, the height adjustment frame 136 comprising telescoping vertical columns and a locking actuator, the locking actuator being operable to raise or lower the base frame 102 based on site-specific installation requirements, such that panel exposure to direct sunlight is optimized in terrains with uneven elevation.
9. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a shock damping assembly 138 mounted between the base frame 102 and a ground contact platform, the shock damping assembly comprising elastomeric pads positioned to absorb vibrational forces transmitted through the support arms 112, such that external disturbances from wind or incidental contact are mitigated without displacing the solar panel 106.
10. The system 100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller 122 is programmed with an environmental pause logic, the environmental pause logic being responsive to output from the sensing unit 108, such that detection of sunlight intensity below a defined threshold results in signal suppression to the motor drive assembly 118, temporarily suspending orientation activity to conserve energy during low-light conditions.