Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of agricultural chemistry and plant protection. More specifically, it pertains to the development of eco-friendly, nutrient-enriched green pesticides derived from plant-based waste materials. The invention addresses sustainable crop protection by providing a bioactive formulation that enhances plant health while minimizing environmental impact compared to conventional chemical pesticides.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
References which are cited in the present disclosure are not necessarily prior art and therefore their citation does not constitute an admission that such references are prior art in any jurisdiction. All publications, patents and patent applications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
The excessive use of chemical pesticides in home gardening has raised significant concerns regarding environmental pollution, human health, and soil degradation. Traditional synthetic pesticides, while effective in pest control, often leave toxic residues on plants, contaminate soil and water sources, and pose risks to non-target organisms, including beneficial microorganisms and insects. However, prolonged exposure to these chemicals has been linked to respiratory issues, skin irritation, and other health complications in humans, making the need for a safer alternative. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for plant protection, particularly for indoor and outdoor home plants. Green pesticides have emerged as viable alternatives; however, many existing formulations lack essential nutrients that contribute to plant health and growth. Conventional pesticides focus solely on pest control without addressing plant nutrition, leading to imbalanced plant development and increased susceptibility to stress conditions.
To bridge this gap, the present invention introduces a Micro-Nutrient-Rich Green Pesticide, specifically designed for home gardening applications. This innovative formulation not only provides effective pest control using natural, biodegradable ingredients but also enriches plants with essential micro-nutrients, enhancing their overall health, resistance to diseases, and growth potential. By integrating pest control with plant nutrition, this invention promotes a holistic approach to home plant care while ensuring environmental safety and human well-being. The development of this green pesticide aligns with the principles of sustainable gardening, reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals and promoting a healthier ecosystem. Its unique composition makes it suitable for various indoor and outdoor plant species, offering homeowners an efficient, non-toxic, and nutrient-enriched solution for plant protection and maintenance.
Several patents pesticide but none of these are related to the present invention. Patent WO1994000010A1 relates to a totally organic refined wax-based pesticide which is a longer-lasting, environmentally safe, pesticide which effects a physical change in the organisms' ecosystem thereby mechanically disrupting its ability to function. The pesticide is coupled with a naturally-produced central nervous system stimulant and other naturally-produced irritants, antioxidants, insect repellants, scents, and soil nutrients. Through the synergy between the physical contraction of the wax base, containing capsaicin, as it dehydrates coupled with the higher vapor pressure (volatility) of the scent package, leads to a natural migration of the scent package to the surface of the waxy base thereby maintaining effectiveness for a longer period of time with a decreased frequency of application. The figure shows product preparation through a recirculating system via water inlet (44) leading to outlet (28) controlled by valves (38 and 32) providing product to collection tube (34) or heater inlet (42). Oil phase is fed into inlet (2), thence to vortex mixer (6).
Another patent WO2015093659A1 describes a pesticide composition containing a plant extract and a method for preparing same. More particularly, the pesticide composition containing a plant extract includes a plant extract, pyroligneous liquor, and a surfactant, and is prepared by comprising: an extraction step of pouring a plant into an organic solvent and extracting a plant extract therefrom; a concentration step of concentrating the plant extract extracted in the extraction step by using a reduced pressure concentrator; and a stirring step of pouring pyroligneous liquor and a surfactant into the plant extract passing through the concentration step and stirring. The pesticide composition containing the plant extract prepared by the process above contains a large amount of a matrine component having excellent pesticide performance, thereby showing excellent pesticide effects.
Another patent US20150266789A1 relates an organic fertilizer based on aquatic extraction of Camellia sinensis with sodium sorbate as preservative. The organic, herbal fertilizer also acts as pesticide against the pest arthropodic species. The application of herbal fertilizer composition is environmental friendly. Further the fertilizer is applied in soil and hydrophonic systems. The fertilizer is absorbed by plant roots. The fertilizer induces systemic resistance to destructive pests for example spider mites and whiteflies. The organic fertilizer is synthesized by aquatic extraction method. The method comprises boiling 6 gram Camellia sinensis leaves in 1 liter water for 95° C. for 15 minutes, obtaining the extract, filtering the extract for removing Camellia sinensis leaves, and adding sodium sorbate at a concentration of 0.01 gram/liter as a preservative to the extract to obtain a bio-fertilizer.
Another patent CN101379977A discloses a novel product of plant nutrient sorbefacient which takes the reaction products of succinimide, organic acid, potassium hydroxide as the aqueous solution of active components, and the aqueous solution has 25-60% of active components with the pH value ranging from 7 to 8; the organic acid can be caused to have complexation with metallic ion to form dicarboxylic acid or tribasic carboxylic acid of soluble metal complex. The invention also provides a method for preparing the plant nutrient sorbefacient and the application of the method in the agricultural industry. The plant nutrient sorbefacient can chelate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrient elements which are needed by growing plant, and convey the nutrient elements to the surrounding of plant root system, thereby promoting the plant to absorb the nutrient, increasing the utilization rate of fertilizer and crop yield, and improving the quality of crops. The invention also provides multiple application modes of the plant nutrient sorbefacient in the agricultural industry on the basis of agricultural productive practice, so as to have flexible and wide application scope.
Another patent EP0600080B1 provides a capsaicin-based, refined wax based pesticide which is, environmentally safe pesticide. The pesticide is coupled with a naturally-produced central nervous system stimulant and other naturally-produced irritants, antioxidants; insect repellents, scents, and soil nutrients. Through the synergy between the physical contraction of the wax base, containing capsaicin, as it dehydrates coupled with the higher vapor pressure (volatility) of the scent package, leads to a natural migration of the scent package to the surface of the waxy base thereby maintaining effectiveness for a longer period of time with a decreased frequency of application.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Main object of the present invention is to development of nutrient-rich green pesticide.
Another object of the present invention is to develop a sustainable, eco-friendly pesticide derived from plant-based waste materials.
Another object of the present invention is to enrich the pesticide with essential nutrients that enhance plant health and growth.
Another object of the present invention is to reduce dependence on synthetic chemical pesticides, thereby minimizing environmental pollution and soil contamination.
Another object of the present invention is to utilize abundantly available botanical residues, converting agricultural waste into value-added products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings.
The present invention relates to the development of a nutrient-enriched, eco-friendly pesticide derived from plant-based waste materials. The invention provides a sustainable approach to crop protection by utilizing readily available botanical residues, which are rich in bioactive compounds with pesticidal and plant-growth-promoting properties. The process involves selecting suitable plant waste, extracting the bioactive components, and formulating them into a green pesticide that not only controls pests but also supplies essential nutrients to plants, thereby enhancing their overall health and yield. The invention aims to reduce reliance on conventional chemical pesticides, minimize environmental impact, and convert agricultural waste into a valuable, cost-effective solution for sustainable agriculture.
Herein enclosed a method for preparing a nutrient-enriched, eco-friendly pesticide formulation for plants, comprising the steps of:
Preparing aqueous extracts of citrus peels from mosambi (Citrus limetta) and lemon (Citrus limon) using a hot-plate extraction method;
Preparing aqueous extracts of Allium peels from onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) using a hot-plate extraction method;
Preparing aqueous extracts of leafy materials from pine (Pinus spp.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) using a hot-plate extraction method;
Filtering all prepared extracts to remove solid residues and cooling them to room temperature;
Incorporating eucalyptus essential oil, extracted using a Clevenger apparatus, into the combined extracts in a predetermined proportion to impart additional antimicrobial and insect-repelling properties;
Adding spice extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) at the final stage to provide insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties;
Homogenizing all components in a controlled environment to form a stable emulsion suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications, wherein the final formulation is free from synthetic additives, provides essential micronutrients, and exhibits prolonged pesticidal activity while enhancing plant health.
The formulation delivers essential micronutrients including zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus to plants to boost immunity and support growth.
The plant-derived bioactive compounds include polyphenols, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, limonoids, allicin, quercetin, piperine, eugenol, and essential oils, providing antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antifeedant activity.
The pesticide disrupts pest life cycles by interfering with the nervous system, feeding behavior, and reproduction of pests such as aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealybugs without harming beneficial insects or pollinators.
Characterized by being suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications, providing sustained release of bioactive compounds, enriching soil with micronutrients, and effectively managing pest infestations in home gardening or small-scale agricultural settings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES
Table 1. composition consists of the following key components
Table 2. Effect of different green pesticide formulations on pest mortality (%) after 7 days in laboratory conditions using the spraying method.
Table 3. Effect of different green pesticide formulations on pest mortality (%) after 7 days under field conditions using the spraying method.
Table 4. Stability assessment of green pesticide formulations (F1, F2, and F3) stored at room temperature and refrigerated conditions over a period of 3 months
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a nutrient-enriched, eco-friendly pesticide formulation derived from plant-based bioactive compounds, essential micro-nutrients, and natural pest-repelling agents designed to enhance plant health while effectively controlling pests.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the formulation incorporates leafy extracts from pine and eucalyptus, citrus peel extracts from mosambi and lemon, Allium peel extracts from onion and garlic, essential oil of eucalyptus, and spice extracts from black pepper and clove.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each component contributes specific bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, terpenes, flavonoids, allicin, piperine, and eugenol, which collectively provide antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and plant immunity-boosting properties, along with essential micronutrients including iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the extracts are prepared using hot-plate aqueous extraction and essential oil via Clevenger apparatus, followed by filtration and homogenization to form a stable emulsion suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the mode of action involves targeted pest disruption, where natural insecticidal compounds interfere with pest nervous systems, feeding behavior, and reproduction, while natural repellents prevent infestations, and simultaneous micronutrient delivery enhances plant immunity, photosynthesis, root development, and metabolic activity.
In some embodiments of the present invention, this sustainable formulation is free from synthetic additives, ensures prolonged pesticidal activity through optimized release, enriches the soil, and provides an effective, eco-friendly solution for home gardening and small-scale agriculture.
Herein enclosed a method for preparing a nutrient-enriched, eco-friendly pesticide formulation for plants, comprising the steps of:
Preparing aqueous extracts of citrus peels from mosambi (Citrus limetta) and lemon (Citrus limon) using a hot-plate extraction method;
Preparing aqueous extracts of Allium peels from onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) using a hot-plate extraction method;
Preparing aqueous extracts of leafy materials from pine (Pinus spp.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) using a hot-plate extraction method;
Filtering all prepared extracts to remove solid residues and cooling them to room temperature;
Incorporating eucalyptus essential oil, extracted using a Clevenger apparatus, into the combined extracts in a predetermined proportion to impart additional antimicrobial and insect-repelling properties;
Adding spice extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) at the final stage to provide insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties;
Homogenizing all components in a controlled environment to form a stable emulsion suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications, wherein the final formulation is free from synthetic additives, provides essential micronutrients, and exhibits prolonged pesticidal activity while enhancing plant health.
The formulation delivers essential micronutrients including zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus to plants to boost immunity and support growth.

The plant-derived bioactive compounds include polyphenols, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, limonoids, allicin, quercetin, piperine, eugenol, and essential oils, providing antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antifeedant activity.
The pesticide disrupts pest life cycles by interfering with the nervous system, feeding behavior, and reproduction of pests such as aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealybugs without harming beneficial insects or pollinators.
Characterized by being suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications, providing sustained release of bioactive compounds, enriching soil with micronutrients, and effectively managing pest infestations in home gardening or small-scale agricultural settings.
EXAMPLE 1
1. Composition
This eco-friendly formulation has plant-derived bioactive compounds, essential micro-nutrients, and natural pest-repelling properties to enhance plant health while effectively managing pests. The composition consists of the following key components:
Extract Type Plant Source Composition (%) Key Bioactive Compounds Primary Functions
F1 F2 F3
Leafy Extract Pine 20 15 10 Polyphenols, Terpenes, Tannins, Essential Oils Antimicrobial, prevents pest infestations, enhances soil microbial activity, and provides micronutrients like iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)
Eucalyptus 15 15 15
Citrus Peels Extract Mosambi 10 10 10 Flavonoids, Limonoids, Essential Oils, Vitamin C, Organic Acids Insecticidal, antifungal, boosts plant immunity, and rich in micronutrients like potassium (K) and calcium (Ca)
Lemon 15 10 20
Allium Peels Extract Onion 10 15 15 Allicin, Quercetin, Sulfur Compounds Natural pest repellent, antifungal, antibacterial, prevents aphid, mite infestation and provides sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn)
Garlic 10 15 10
Essential Oil Eucalyptus Leaves - 10 Eucalyptol, Terpenes, Flavonoids Antibacterial, antifungal, insect-repelling properties, improve penetration and enhance soil phosphorus (P) availability
Spice Extract Black Pepper 10 5 10 Piperine, Eugenol Insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, aids plant nutrient uptake and contains trace elements like manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu)
Clove 10 5 10
The final formulation is optimized for sustained release, ensuring prolonged pesticidal activity while enriching the soil with essential micro-nutrients. The formulation is designed for easy application through foliar sprays or soil drenches, making it ideal for home gardening use.
2. Formulation Process
The formulation process involves the extraction, blending, and stabilization of bioactive plant-derived components to ensure maximum efficacy and sustainability. The process begins with the preparation of individual extracts, followed by their precise combination to create a balanced and potent pesticide suitable for both indoor and outdoor home plants.
Initially, the citrus peel extracts, derived from mosambi (Citrus limetta) and lemon (Citrus limon), along with the Allium peel extracts from onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum), are prepared through a hot-plate extraction method using water solution as the solvent. This ensures the efficient release of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, sulfur-containing compounds, and polyphenols, which contribute to the pesticide’s antimicrobial and insect-repelling properties. Similarly, leafy extracts from pine (Pinus spp.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) leaves undergo the same hot-plate extraction process, yielding phytochemicals such as terpenes and phenolics known for their antifungal and pesticidal potential.
Once the aqueous extracts are prepared, they are filtered to remove solid residues and allowed to cool at room temperature. To enhance the efficacy of the formulation, eucalyptus essential oil, extracted using the Clevenger apparatus, is incorporated into the mixture in a carefully measured proportion. This essential oil acts as a natural pesticide, imparting additional antimicrobial and insect-repelling effects due to its high cineole content. The spice extract, obtained from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum), is utilized in limited quantities due to its high potency and value. The bioactive compounds from these spices, such as piperine from black pepper and eugenol from clove, provide additional antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties, but they are used economically to maintain cost-effectiveness without compromising the formulation’s potency. These spice extracts are added at the final stage of formulation to prevent the degradation of their active constituents.
The final pesticide formulation is achieved by homogenizing all the extracts in a controlled environment, ensuring a stable emulsion that is safe for both indoor and outdoor home plants. The pesticide is free from synthetic additives, making it an eco-friendly and nutrient-rich solution.
3. Mode of Action
The unique formulation incorporates essential micronutrients along with bioactive plant-based compounds that work synergistically to provide a sustainable, eco-friendly pest management solution.
3.1. Targeted Pest Disruption
The pesticide contains plant-derived bioactive compounds with natural insecticidal properties that disrupt the life cycle of harmful pests such as aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealybugs.
These compounds interfere with the pest’s nervous system, feeding behavior, and reproductive cycle, effectively reducing pest populations without harming beneficial insects or pollinators.
The formulation also includes natural antifeedants and repellents, discouraging insects from feeding on plant foliage, ultimately preventing infestations.
3.2. Micronutrient-Driven Plant Immunity Boost
The presence of micronutrients (such as zinc, magnesium, iron, and copper) helps to strengthen the plant’s innate defense mechanisms, making them less susceptible to pest attacks.
These micronutrients enhance photosynthesis, root development, and metabolic activities, ensuring optimal plant growth while also promoting natural resistance against pathogens.
EXAMPLE 2
Experimental Data & Results
1. Evaluation of Pesticidal Efficacy
The formulations were tested against common indoor and outdoor plant pests, including aphids (Aphidoidea), whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), and spider mites (Tetranychidae).
1.1 Laboratory Bioassays
Laboratory experiments were conducted in controlled conditions, applying different formulations to infested plants. Observations were made over 7 days, and the mortality rates of pests were calculated by using the formula:
Mortality Rate (%)=(Number of Dead Pests)/(Total Number of Pests)×100
Table 1. Effect of different green pesticide formulations on pest mortality (%) after 7 days in laboratory conditions using the spraying method
Formulation Code Aphid Control (%) Whitefly Control (%) Spider Mite Control (%) Average Mortality Rate (%)
F1 88% 85% 82% 85.0%
F2 90% 88% 84% 87.3%
F3 84% 81% 86% 83.7%
Sources: Okumu et al., 2007; Zanuncio et al., 2016; Chierici et al., 2025; Sarmah et al., 2025;

1.2 Field Trials on Indoor & Outdoor Home Plants
Field trials were conducted on commonly grown home plants, including potted herbs, flowering plants, and ornamental foliage. Each formulation was applied weekly, and plant health, pest reduction, and any phytotoxic effects were monitored.
Table 2. Effect of different green pesticide formulations on pest mortality (%) after 7 days under field conditions using the spraying method
Formulation Code Aphid Mortality (%) Whitefly Mortality (%) Spider Mite Mortality (%) Average Mortality (%)
F1 80% 76% 73% 76.3%
F2 83% 80% 76% 79.7%
F3 75% 70% 78% 74.3%

2. Nutrient Composition Analysis
To confirm the nutrient-rich profile of the green pesticide, elemental analysis was also conducted. The presence of nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) varied from 3 to 5% while micro nutrient like zinc (Zn-0.5 to 0.9%), iron (Fe0.6-1%), and manganese (Mn, 0.7-0.9%) were detected in the range about o.5 to 1 % in varying concentrations, which will contribute to plant health along with protection from different pests
The results indicated that F2 was the most effective formulation, providing both pesticidal efficacy and nutritional benefits to the plants without causing toxicity.
3. Stability and Shelf-Life Analysis
The stability of the pesticide formulations was assessed over 3 months at room temperature and refrigerated conditions.
Table 3. Stability assessment of green pesticide formulations (F1, F2, and F3) stored at room temperature and refrigerated conditions over a period of 3 months
Formulation Storage Month Color Odor Phase Separation pH Avg. Efficacy (%)
F1 Room Temp 0 Green Strong Herbal No 5.8 85.0
1 Green Slightly Mild No 5.7 84.2
2 Slightly Pale Mild Slightly Yes 5.5 82.5
3 Pale Green Faint Yes 5.4 78.9
Refrigerated 0 Green Strong Herbal No 5.8 85.0
1 Green Herbal No 5.8 84.8
2 Green Mild Herbal No 5.7 83.9
3 Green Mild No 5.7 83.5
F2 Room Temp 0 Greenish-Brown Strong Herbal No 6.1 87.3
1 Greenish-Brown Slightly Mild Slightly Yes 6.0 85.5
2 Light Brown Mild Yes 5.8 82.0
3 Brown Faint Yes 5.7 78.6
Refrigerated 0 Greenish-Brown Strong Herbal No 6.1 87.3
1 Greenish-Brown Herbal No 6.1 86.9
2 Slightly Brown Mild Herbal No 6.0 85.0
3 Slightly Brown Mild Slightly Yes 6.0 84.2
F3 Room Temp 0 Light Green Citrus-Herbal No 5.6 83.7
1 Pale Green Mild Citrus Slightly Yes 5.5 81.0
2 Yellow-Green Faint Yes 5.3 77.6
3 Yellow Almost None Yes 5.2 73.9
Refrigerated 0 Light Green Citrus-Herbal No 5.6 83.7
1 Light Green Mild Citrus No 5.6 83.0
2 Slightly Pale Mild Slightly Yes 5.5 81.2
3 Slightly Yellow Mild Slightly Yes 5.5 80.0
Sources: Lina et al., 2018; Mansour et al., 2018

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention, Micro-Nutrients Rich Green Pesticide, offers a sustainable and effective solution for maintaining indoor and outdoor home plants by combining pest control with essential plant nutrition. Unlike conventional pesticides, this eco-friendly formulation not only repels and controls common plant pests such as aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and mealybugs but also enriches plants with vital micro-nutrients, enhancing their immunity and overall health. Being biodegradable and free from harmful synthetic chemicals, it is safe for humans, pets, and beneficial insects, making it ideal for home use. Additionally, it does not leave toxic residues on plants, soil, or water, ensuring an environmentally responsible approach to plant care. Designed for ease of use, it can be applied via spraying or direct soil treatment without requiring specialized handling. Its odorless nature makes it suitable for indoor environments without causing discomfort, while its long-lasting effect reduces the frequency of applications, making it a cost-effective choice. By promoting sustainable gardening practices and strengthening plant resistance to diseases, this invention provides a dual-action benefit, ensuring healthy, thriving plants with minimal maintenance.
References
Chierici, E., Marchetti, E., Poccia, A., Russo, A., Giannuzzi, V. A., Governatori, L., Zucchi, L., Rondoni, G., & Conti, E. (2025). Laboratory and field efficacy of natural products against the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys and side effects on the biocontrol agent Trissolcus japonicus. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 4622. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87325-9
Lina, E. C., Yulianti, N., Ernis, G., Arneti, A., & Nelly, N. (2018). Storage temperature of botanical insecticide mixture formulations and its activity againsts Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science, 40(3), 498-505. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v40i3.1296
Mansour, H. A. B., EL-Dars, F. M., & Radwan, O. A. (2018). Influence of different storage conditions on the stability of chlorpyrifos in formulation and technical pesticides. J. Biol. Chem. Environ. Sci, 13(1), 1-20.
Okumu, F. O., Knols, B. G., & Fillinger, U. (2007). Larvicidal effects of a neem (Azadirachta indica) oil formulation on the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Malaria Journal, 6, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-6-63
Sarmah, K., Anbalagan, T., Marimuthu, M., Mariappan, P., Angappan, S., & Vaithiyanathan, S. (2025). Innovative formulation strategies for botanical-and essential oil-based insecticides. Journal of Pest Science, 98(1), 1-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01846-2
Zanuncio, J. C., Mourao, S. A., Martinez, L. C., Wilcken, C. F., Ramalho, F. S., Plata-Rueda, A., Soares, M. A., & Serrao, J. E. (2016). Toxic effects of the neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation on the stink bug predator, Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Scientific Reports, 6(1), 30261. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30261
 
, Claims:1. A method for preparing a nutrient-enriched, eco-friendly pesticide formulation for plants, comprising the steps of:
a) preparing aqueous extracts of citrus peels from mosambi (Citrus limetta) and lemon (Citrus limon) using a hot-plate extraction method;
b) preparing aqueous extracts of Allium peels from onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) using a hot-plate extraction method;
c) preparing aqueous extracts of leafy materials from pine (Pinus spp.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) using a hot-plate extraction method;
d) filtering all prepared extracts to remove solid residues and cooling them to room temperature;
e) incorporating eucalyptus essential oil, extracted using a Clevenger apparatus, into the combined extracts in a predetermined proportion to impart additional antimicrobial and insect-repelling properties;
f) adding spice extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) at the final stage to provide insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties; and
g) homogenizing all components in a controlled environment to form a stable emulsion suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications, wherein the final formulation is free from synthetic additives, provides essential micronutrients, and exhibits prolonged pesticidal activity while enhancing plant health.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation delivers essential micronutrients including zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus to plants to boost immunity and support growth.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant-derived bioactive compounds include polyphenols, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, limonoids, allicin, quercetin, piperine, eugenol, and essential oils, providing antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antifeedant activity.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pesticide disrupts pest life cycles by interfering with the nervous system, feeding behavior, and reproduction of pests such as aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealybugs without harming beneficial insects or pollinators.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein characterized by being suitable for foliar spray or soil drench applications, providing sustained release of bioactive compounds, enriching soil with micronutrients, and effectively managing pest infestations in home gardening or small-scale agricultural settings.