Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. More particularly, it pertains to the development of a sustainable and eco-friendly green resin strip formulated using fruit peel waste and extracted cellulose for the effective removal and reduction of color and pollutants from industrial and domestic wastewater. This invention lies at the intersection of green chemistry, waste valorization, and water purification technologies, promoting environmental sustainability through the utilization of agricultural and food processing waste materials.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
References which are cited in the present disclosure are not necessarily prior art and therefore their citation does not constitute an admission that such references are prior art in any jurisdiction. All publications, patents and patent applications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Re use of Waste water is a big issue due to high colour and various pollutants present in it due to Industrial and social activities. Physical appearance of waste water gives first negative impression.
In this work efforts have been done to develop green resin strip /composite material based on fruit peel waste and extracted cellulose from fruit waste material and chitosan natural polymer. Such prepared resin in double layer form works as a good adsorbent for color. Along with colour other pollutants like suspended soils, total dissolved solids, BOD COD etc. are also reduced significantly in the range of 90 to 100%.
In this work Chitosan used is a natural polymer, then fruit peel waste like mango peels, orange peels, pomegranate, lemon peels were taken, dried which was grinded and dissolved in vinegar with some little heating around 40°C, mixing was continued for about 30-40 mins. Then it was semi dried and thick film was prepared. Such prepared bed/resin was used to adsorb color and other pollutants from waste water as well as Industrial waste water (Effluent).
When waste water was passed through resin then color was reduced from 80 to 100 % with varying thickness of resin. Pollutants (BOD, COD, SS) were also reduced from 70 to 90%. In this way this resin is very economical and prepared by almost green technology.
Waste water is a big issue as waste water is generated from our day to activities as used or bye product and effluent is generated from Industry which is highly polluted. Due to various activities waste water gets colour which is also due to different dyes, colored products leaching from clothes, fruits, vegetables, papers etc.
If water has some color, then appears to be very polluted then it becomes un-useful for frinking purpose even for animals. So it is need of the hour to decolorise the waste water with economical method, By this work a simple resin bed has been prepared which can be utilized in the outlet of house to adsorb the colour as well as pollutants.
This resin can be used at smaller as well as larger scale. This resin can be regenerated also.
Several patents issued for resins but none of these are related to the present invention. Patent US20190375895A1 relates to Cross-linked polymer resins and related salts, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers are described herein. The cross-linked polymer resins may comprise monomer units of N,N-diallyl aminoalkylphosphonate, a hydrophobic pendant, a tetraallylpiperazinium cross-linker, and sulfur dioxide. A method for producing the cross-linked polymer resins is described. The cross-linked polymer resins may be used as adsorbent materials for the removal of heavy metal ions and contaminant dyes from aqueous solutions. Used cross-linked polymer resins may be removed from solution, cleaned, and reused while maintaining adsorption capacity.
Another patent CN102631897A disclosed a method for preparing lithium adsorbent resin. The method of the present invention comprises: preparing the precursor of the lithium adsorbent resin; mixing the prepared precursor with an adhesive and a porogen uniformly to prepare a dispersed phase; preparing a continuous phase incompatible with the dispersed phase; preparing the above The dispersed phase is added to the continuous phase, stirred to disperse into balls of suitable particle size, and solidified into spherical particles under certain conditions; After the treatment, a lithium adsorbent resin capable of extracting lithium from high-magnesium and low-lithium brine is obtained. The preparation method of the invention is simple, and the prepared lithium adsorbent resin has the advantages of no pollution, high efficiency, large adsorption capacity, long service life, reusable utilization and the like.
Another patent CN102631892B relate to the technical field of dye adsorbents, and particularly relates to a dye adsorbent made of a banana peel. The dye adsorbent is prepared by the following steps of: (1) cleaning the banana peel with water, then pulping the banana peel to prepare banana peel pulp, and feeding the banana peel pulp into a fermentation tank; (2) inoculating a bacterium in the fermentation tank, ventilating and fermenting; (3) performing solid and liquid separation on products in the fermentation tank, cleaning the solid part and collecting; and (4) drying and smashing the solid part. The dye adsorbent can adsorb 40 to 60 percent of dyes in a waste solution.
Another patent CN106423062A discloses a preparation method of an orange-peel-based adsorbent for removing hexavalent chromium ions in water. Firstly, orange peel waste is cleaned up, cut into pieces and crushed into orange peel powder, then sodium bentonite is added to the orange peel powder, mixed powder is mixed with a zinc chloride solution, an obtained mixed liquid is impregnated at the room temperature, calcined in a muffle and then cooled naturally to the room temperature, an obtained material is crushed into intermediate powder and soaked in a hydrochloric acid solution, then the intermediate powder is washed to be neutral with tap water, and finally, the orange-peel-based adsorbent is obtained after drying. The orange peels are used as a main base material and subjected to deep carbonization and activation treatment, and a water treatment agent which has an advanced pore structure, a high specific surface area and good adsorption performance for hexavalent chromium ions is prepared, the environmental stress is relieved, the use cost of the adsorbent is reduced, the utilization way of clay mineral bentonite is added, the selection of hexavalent chromium ion adsorbents is enlarged, and the method has broad actual application prospect.
Another patent JP2020019888A relates to a cellulose derivative that has excellent adsorption of heavy metals and selectively adsorbs heavy metals. The present invention provides a cellulose derivative having a repeating unit of formula (1), having a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 1.2 or more and 4.0 or less, with R being hydrogen or a group represented by formula (a) (where Reach denote a single bond or a C1-10 alkylene group; Reach denote hydrogen or a C1-10 alkyl group; each Rmay be the same or different to denote a C1-10 alkyl group).
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Main object of the present invention is to development of green resin strip for reduction of color and pollutants from waste water by using fruit peel waste and extracted cellulose.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solution by utilizing agricultural and food processing waste materials such as fruit peels.
Another object of the present invention is to design and fabricate a green resin strip with high adsorption efficiency for removing colorants, dyes, and organic/inorganic pollutants from industrial and domestic wastewater.
Another object of the present invention is to valorize fruit peel waste and extracted cellulose, promoting waste-to-resource conversion and supporting the principles of green chemistry and circular economy.
Another object of the present invention is to reduce the dependency on synthetic and non-biodegradable adsorbents, thereby minimizing secondary pollution and overall environmental impact.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings.
The present invention provides a novel green resin strip formulated using fruit peel waste and extracted cellulose for the efficient treatment of wastewater by removing color and various pollutants. The invention addresses the dual challenge of waste management and water pollution by utilizing agricultural residues, particularly discarded fruit peels, as a low-cost, renewable, and eco-friendly raw material.
In this invention, fruit peel waste is processed to extract bioactive compounds and cellulose fibers, which are then incorporated into a polymeric matrix to form a biodegradable resin strip. The resulting strip possesses high adsorption capacity and structural stability, enabling effective removal of dyes, heavy metals, and other organic and inorganic contaminants from industrial and domestic wastewater.
The resin strip works on the principle of biosorption, where natural functional groups present in fruit peel compounds and cellulose interact with pollutant molecules, facilitating their removal from water. This process minimizes the use of synthetic chemicals and prevents the generation of harmful by-products.
The invention also provides a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods, such as activated carbon filtration or chemical coagulation, which are often expensive and non-biodegradable. The green resin strip is easy to manufacture, scalable for commercial production, and can be reused multiple times before safe disposal, thus supporting the circular economy and green chemistry principles.
Through its innovative design and sustainable approach, this invention contributes to environmental conservation, public health protection, and efficient resource utilization by converting fruit peel waste into a value-added product for clean water production.
Herein enclosed a method for preparing an eco-friendly and biodegradable resin for the removal of color and pollutants from wastewater, comprising the steps of:
Collecting, washing, drying, and grinding fruit peels into fine powder,
Soaking 10–20 g of the ground fruit peel powder in 100 ml of water, adding 5–10 ml of vinegar, and keeping the mixture undisturbed for 6–8 hours or overnight to obtain a slurry,
Mixing the slurry thoroughly to form a homogeneous paste,
Extracting cellulose from the fruit peel waste using a simple extraction method,
Grinding and dissolving chitosan in vinegar with mild heating at around 40°C and stirring for 30–40 minutes to form a uniform chitosan solution,
Adding the prepared fruit peel paste and extracted cellulose to the chitosan solution to form a composite mixture,
Molding the composite mixture to form a resin strip, and
Passing wastewater or industrial effluent through the resin strip to achieve reduction in color and pollutants, wherein color is reduced by 80–100%, BOD by 70–90%, COD by 80–90%, and total suspended solids by 90–95%.
The resin is capable of being regenerated and reused up to two to three times without significant loss of adsorption efficiency.
The chitosan used is a natural polymer dissolved in vinegar under mild heating conditions for uniform blending with fruit peel extract and cellulose.
The double-layer resin strip of chitosan and fruit peel composite exhibits superior adsorption performance compared to a single-layer resin made of only chitosan or graphene.
The resin strip is produced using a green and cost-effective technology by utilizing fruit peel waste as a raw material for wastewater treatment, reducing BOD from 75 mg/L to 5 mg/L, COD from 310 mg/L to 20 mg/L, color from 140 Pt-Co units to 1–2 units, and suspended solids from 840 mg/L to 200 mg/L.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the present invention relates to the development of an eco-friendly and largely biodegradable resin that can be regenerated two to three times, making it cost-effective and sustainable for wastewater treatment applications.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the resin preparation process was carried out in two steps. In the first step, fruit peels were collected, thoroughly washed, dried, and ground into fine powder using a mixer. X
In some embodiments of the present invention, the resin preparation process was carried out in two steps. In the first step, fruit peels were collected, thoroughly washed, dried, and ground into fine powder using a mixer.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a measured quantity of 10–20 g of this powder was soaked in 100 ml of water, followed by the addition of 5–10 ml of vinegar, and kept undisturbed for 6–8 hours or overnight to allow the release of active compounds.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the resulting slurry was mixed thoroughly to form a paste, and cellulose was also extracted from the fruit peel waste using a simple extraction method.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the second step, a composite of chitosan, fruit peel extract, and cellulose was prepared.
In some embodiments of the present invention, chitosan, a natural polymer, was finely ground and dissolved in vinegar with mild heating at around 40°C, and the mixture was stirred continuously for 30–40 minutes to achieve uniform blending.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fruit peel paste and extracted cellulose were then incorporated into the chitosan solution to form a composite resin, which was molded and set into strips for use as a treatment medium.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the prepared resin was tested for its ability to adsorb color and pollutants from wastewater and industrial effluents.
In some embodiments of the present invention, when wastewater was passed through the resin bed, color removal ranged from 80% to 100%, depending on the thickness of the resin.
In some embodiments of the present invention, other pollutants such as BOD, COD, and suspended solids (SS) were also significantly reduced, with BOD decreasing by 70–90%, COD by 80–90%, and TSS by 90–95%.
In some embodiments of the present invention, comparative studies showed that a double-layer chitosan–fruit peel resin was more effective than a single-layer resin made only of chitosan or graphene, achieving substantial reductions in water quality parameters: BOD decreased from 75 mg/L to 5 mg/L, COD from 310 mg/L to 20 mg/L, color from 140 Pt-Co units to 1–2 units, and suspended solids from 840 mg/L to 200 mg/L.
In some embodiments of the present invention, this demonstrates that the resin is highly efficient, economical, and prepared using green technology, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment while promoting the utilization of fruit peel waste.
Herein enclosed a method for preparing an eco-friendly and biodegradable resin for the removal of color and pollutants from wastewater, comprising the steps of:
Collecting, washing, drying, and grinding fruit peels into fine powder,
Soaking 10–20 g of the ground fruit peel powder in 100 ml of water, adding 5–10 ml of vinegar, and keeping the mixture undisturbed for 6–8 hours or overnight to obtain a slurry,
Mixing the slurry thoroughly to form a homogeneous paste,
Extracting cellulose from the fruit peel waste using a simple extraction method,
Grinding and dissolving chitosan in vinegar with mild heating at around 40°C and stirring for 30–40 minutes to form a uniform chitosan solution,
Adding the prepared fruit peel paste and extracted cellulose to the chitosan solution to form a composite mixture,
Molding the composite mixture to form a resin strip, and
Passing wastewater or industrial effluent through the resin strip to achieve reduction in color and pollutants, wherein color is reduced by 80–100%, BOD by 70–90%, COD by 80–90%, and total suspended solids by 90–95%.
The resin is capable of being regenerated and reused up to two to three times without significant loss of adsorption efficiency.
The chitosan used is a natural polymer dissolved in vinegar under mild heating conditions for uniform blending with fruit peel extract and cellulose.
The double-layer resin strip of chitosan and fruit peel composite exhibits superior adsorption performance compared to a single-layer resin made of only chitosan or graphene.
The resin strip is produced using a green and cost-effective technology by utilizing fruit peel waste as a raw material for wastewater treatment, reducing BOD from 75 mg/L to 5 mg/L, COD from 310 mg/L to 20 mg/L, color from 140 Pt-Co units to 1–2 units, and suspended solids from 840 mg/L to 200 mg/L.
EXAMPLE 1
BEST METHOD
In this invention Resin has been developed which is ecofriendly and degradable upon large extent. It can be regenerated 2 to 3 times easily also.
Resin was developed in 2 steps.
1 step- Fruit peels were collected, washed and dired and grinded in a mixer. Quantity (10-20 g) of it was dipped in water (100 ml), vinegar (5-10 ml) added and kept for whole night or 6-8 hrs and then slurry was mixed to make a paste. Cellulose was also extracted from fruit peel waste by simple method.
II step- Composite of Chitosan with fruit peel extract and cellulose was prepared. In this work Chitosan used is a natural polymer, which was grinded and dissolved in vinegar with some little heating around 40°C, mixing was continued for about 30-40 mins.
Application study: Such prepared bed/resin was used to adsorb color and other pollutants from waste water as well as Industrial waste water (Effluent).
When waste water was passed through resin then color was reduced from 80 to 100 % with varying thickness of resin. Pollutants (BOD, COD, SS) were also reduced from 70 to 90%. In this way this resin is very economical and prepared by almost green technology.

Parameter reduction
Paramter waste water Adsorption with single layered resin
( only chktosan/graphene) After Adsorption with double layer of chitosan-fruit peel waste
BOD 75 40 5
COD 310 200 20
Color( mg/l) Pt-Co color unit 140 80 1-2
Suspeneded solids 840 360 200
Max reduction in color -90-100%

TSS reduced about 90 to 95% while other parameters were also reduced significantly.
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION:
The proposed patent provides Resin /bed can be prepared with economical process. Chitosan and fruit peel waste used are cheap material /natural occurring material which are treated for composite preparation and then resin was synthesized from green technology methods. This method is ecofriendly.
, Claims:1. A method for preparing an eco-friendly and biodegradable resin for the removal of color and pollutants from wastewater, comprising the steps of:
a) collecting, washing, drying, and grinding fruit peels into fine powder,
b) soaking 10–20 g of the ground fruit peel powder in 100 ml of water, adding 5–10 ml of vinegar, and keeping the mixture undisturbed for 6–8 hours or overnight to obtain a slurry,
c) mixing the slurry thoroughly to form a homogeneous paste,
d) extracting cellulose from the fruit peel waste using a simple extraction method,
e) grinding and dissolving chitosan in vinegar with mild heating at around 40°C and stirring for 30–40 minutes to form a uniform chitosan solution,
f) adding the prepared fruit peel paste and extracted cellulose to the chitosan solution to form a composite mixture,
g) molding the composite mixture to form a resin strip, and
h) passing wastewater or industrial effluent through the resin strip to achieve reduction in color and pollutants, wherein color is reduced by 80–100%, BOD by 70–90%, COD by 80–90%, and total suspended solids by 90–95%.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin is capable of being regenerated and reused up to two to three times without significant loss of adsorption efficiency.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chitosan used is a natural polymer dissolved in vinegar under mild heating conditions for uniform blending with fruit peel extract and cellulose.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the double-layer resin strip of chitosan and fruit peel composite exhibits superior adsorption performance compared to a single-layer resin made of only chitosan or graphene.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin strip is produced using a green and cost-effective technology by utilizing fruit peel waste as a raw material for wastewater treatment, reducing BOD from 75 mg/L to 5 mg/L, COD from 310 mg/L to 20 mg/L, color from 140 Pt-Co units to 1–2 units, and suspended solids from 840 mg/L to 200 mg/L.