Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to sustainable automated waste collection and in particular to a vehicle that provides real-time collection, segregation, and processing of waste in a sustainable manner by autonomously navigating through surroundings, detecting scattered or accumulated waste, and transporting it for further treatment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Waste management is a crucial activity for maintaining hygiene and environmental safety in both urban and rural areas. With the rise in population and rapid industrialization, the volume of solid waste generated daily has increased drastically. Improper handling and disposal of such waste lead to severe issues including foul odor, spread of infectious diseases, contamination of natural resources, and deterioration of public health.

[0003] In most situations, the waste is handled manually or transported through conventional vehicles. However, manual involvement exposes workers to unhygienic and hazardous conditions, while existing vehicles rely heavily on human operation, making the process inefficient, time-consuming, and unsafe. Often, waste remains unattended in public spaces due to delays in reaching collection sites, caused by traffic congestion, poor scheduling, or lack of optimized routing.

[0004] In many instances, scattered waste and garbage accumulated in areas that are difficult to access, such as narrow streets or multi-level residential complexes, remain uncollected, which results in accumulation of garbage for extended periods, creating unhygienic surroundings and environmental pollution.

[0005] US20150307273A1 discloses a method for enabling automated waste management is described. In one embodiment, data related to an event detected via a sensor coupled to a trash receptacle is received. A waste collection vehicle is configured to collect trash directly from the trash receptacle. The data related to the detected event is processed. A notification is generated based on the processing of the data. In some cases, a notification based on a determination of a volume of trash within the trash receptacle is generated, where the volume is determined via a ranging sensor. A notification is generated based on a determination of a weight of the trash within the trash receptacle, where the weight is determined via a load sensor.

[0006] US11074556B2 discloses a waste collection system includes waste containers for receiving waste, sensors associated with the waste containers, a server system for receiving signals from the sensors. The server system determines that a waste container needs to be collected, determines a location of the waste container and whether the waste container is in a waste collection vehicle accessible location. A notification is sent to an operator of the waste container if the waste container is not in a waste collection vehicle accessible location. When the waste container is moved to a waste collection vehicle accessible location, an optimal waste collection strategy for a waste collection vehicle to collect waste from the waste container at the waste collection vehicle accessible location is determined and the waste collection vehicle is routed to the location of the waste container.

[0007] Additionally, conventional systems primarily focus on transporting waste in bulk without any segregation. Such practices cause recyclable, reusable, or valuable materials to be lost, while hazardous or toxic waste remains untreated within the collected bulk. As a result, significant challenges arise at waste processing facilities, where additional labor and resources are required to separate different categories of waste. Furthermore, wet waste, if not handled properly, leads to harmful emissions and contributes to environmental hazards rather than being processed into useful byproducts.

[0008] Another limitation of current practices lies in the inability to monitor or prevent illegal dumping of garbage in open spaces. Since there is no effective system to detect, log, and report such activities, they continue to be prevalent, thereby worsening the sanitation crisis. Moreover, communities are not actively engaged in waste management, as existing systems lack provisions for public participation, accountability, or incentives that encourage responsible disposal practices.

[0009] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle that operates in a sustainable, automated, and efficient manner. In addition, the vehicle should be capable of navigating diverse environments without constant human intervention, ensuring timely collection from scattered and multi-level locations, and performing in-built segregation of different types of waste.

[0010] Further, the vehicle should be able to support sustainable processing methods, monitoring illegal dumping, and encourage community participation through interactive and incentive-based approaches.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0012] An object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that independently identifies, gathers, and manages scattered or stored waste to eliminate need for manual collection.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that reduces the effort required from households and communities in disposing of waste, while ensuring quick and timely removal.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that facilitates collection from different heights, levels, or access points, allowing convenient disposal for users in varied living or working environments.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that is capable of ensuring proper separation of waste categories (e.g., recyclable, hazardous, lightweight, heavy, organic), improving downstream recycling and processing.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that identifies and securely isolates harmful or unsafe waste materials, reducing risk to people, animals, and surroundings.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that converts collected waste into useful resources while harvesting operational energy, promoting eco-friendly practices.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that provides users with feedback, reminders, and reward-based motivation to encourage responsible waste disposal behavior.

[0019] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a vehicle that records data about collection activities, locations, and unusual waste types, enabling transparency, tracking, and enforcement against illegal dumping.

[0020] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The present invention relates to a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle that is accessed for collecting waste from public and residential locations and which further ensures optimized collection by detecting levels of waste and by identifying illegal dumping spots, in turn providing information to concerned authorities regarding such events for maintaining cleanliness and order in public areas.

[0022] The present invention relates to a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle designed to autonomously navigate, detect, collect, segregate, and process waste in an efficient and sustainable manner. The vehicle comprises a mobile body integrated with an enclosure for storage of waste.

[0023] In an aspect of the invention, a plurality of wheels powered by at least one prime mover are provided with the vehicle, each wheel embedded with encoders to monitor distance travelled and speed. The encoders feed data into a control unit to enable autonomous locomotion of the vehicle. One or more piezoelectric transducers are coupled with the wheels to generate electrical energy from mechanical stresses experienced during movement.

[0024] In another aspect of the invention, a sensing unit is installed with the vehicle to scan and create a 3D map of the surroundings. The sensing unit comprises an imaging unit mounted on the vehicle to capture images for obstacle detection and a LIDAR unit to determine distances of the obstacles. This configuration enables both waste detection and obstacle avoidance during locomotion.

[0025] In a variant of the invention, a pickup arrangement is mounted on a lateral surface of the body. The pickup arrangement comprises a pan attached in an extendable and rotatable manner, supported by a sliding rail and sliders, and coupled with a rotary joint. The pan incorporates a load sensor to detect the weight of collected waste and an RPM sensor to regulate rotational speed of a motorised roller. The roller is fitted with pneumatic pins for pulling scattered waste, while piezoelectric actuators integrated with the pins tear open garbage bags.

[0026] In an aspect of the invention, a warning arrangement is mounted with the body to imprint a warning at a location of illegally dumped waste. The warning arrangement comprises a three-axis gantry, a spray nozzle connected by an articulated telescopic bar, and a tank filled with paint. A GPS unit connected with the control unit ensures that warnings are imprinted at the correct detected location.

[0027] In another aspect of the invention, a multilevel garbage collection channel is slidably installed over the body to receive waste from residences of multiple levels. The channel is configured with pneumatic spikes along its surface to tear open received waste and is slidably connected via a pivot assembly to align with one of the orifices on the body. This enables segregated storage of metallic and non-metallic waste in dedicated partitions of the enclosure. A metal detector installed in the channel detects metallic waste and causes the channel to align with the appropriate partition.

[0028] In a variant of the invention, a fetching unit is provided to grip waste bins located at multiple elevations and pour waste into the channel. The fetching unit comprises a sliding means, a frame, a rotary arm having a clamp, and a holder with inflatable curved structures to grip handles of waste bins securely during collection.

[0029] In another variant of the invention, a conveyor is installed within each partition of the enclosure to convey the collected waste for processing. An inspection unit is positioned at an initial portion of the conveyor to detect hazardous waste. The inspection unit comprises a gamma detector, a neutron detector, and a Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Upon detection, a gripper with a six-bar linkage removes the hazardous waste and places it into an insulated compartment. A logging module records the location and time of hazardous waste collection for future reference.

[0030] In another variant of the invention, an articulated blower mounted on a robotic limb is arranged along the conveyor to displace lighter waste into a chamber, while heavier waste is collected in a recess. The recess is integrated with weight sensors to monitor waste quantity. A sensing means comprising a camera and laser sensor is installed in the recess to detect valuable items, which are removed by a grabber and placed in a separate storage compartment. The logging module further records details of the valuable items collected.

[0031] In a variation of the invention, a digester tank pre-treated with enzymes is connected with the recess storing wet waste. A planetary mixer integrated in the digester tank facilitates hydrolysis, generating biogas that is stored in a connected capsule.

[0032] In an aspect of the invention, a user interface module configurable with a computing unit allows users to create personalised profiles and schedule waste collection as per their convenience. A reward module connected with the user interface generates reward points against the quantity of waste collected, thereby encouraging participation.

[0033] In yet another aspect of the invention, a speaker is mounted on the body to generate audio cues, informing users about waste collection activities and vehicle status.

[0034] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 illustrates an isometric view of a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle;
Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of pivot assembly connecting a body with a channel associated with the vehicle;
Figure 3 illustrates another perspective view of the body rendered transparent to enable a view of an enclosure associated with the vehicle;
Figure 4 illustrates another perspective view of the body rendered transparent to enable a view of a digester tank along with a capsule associated with the vehicle; and
Figure 5 illustrates another isometric view of a recess associated with the vehicle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0037] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0038] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0039] The present invention relates to a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle that not only facilitates autonomous locomotion for reaching different collection points but also performs multi-level collection, segregation of metallic, hazardous, wet, dry, and valuable waste, and further initiates eco-friendly processing such as biogas generation, while simultaneously notifying users and authorities to enable efficient waste management in real time.

[0040] Figure 1 and Figure 2, an isometric view of a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle and a perspective view of pivot assembly connecting a body with a channel associated with the vehicle are illustrated, respectively, comprising a mobile body 101 configured with a plurality of wheels 102, one or more piezoelectric transducers 103 coupled with each of the wheels 102, a sensing unit 104 installed with the vehicle, the sensing unit 104 comprises an imaging unit 105 and a LIDAR (light detection and ranging) unit 106, a pickup arrangement 107 installed with one of the lateral surface of the body 101, comprising a pan 108, a pair of sliders 109 arranged vertically with the lateral surface of the body 101, a sliding rail 110 attached with the slider 109 by means of a support bar 111, the pan 108 is coupled with the sliding rail 110 by means of a rotary joint 112, a load sensor 113 and an RPM (rotations per minute) sensor 114, a motorised roller 115 installed over the pan 108, containing a plurality of pneumatic pins 116 provided over the surface of the roller 115, a warning arrangement 117 mounted with the body 101, a GPS (global positioning system) unit 121 installed in the body 101, the warning arrangement 117 comprises a three-axis gantry 118, a spray nozzle 127 connected with the gantry 118 by means of an articulated telescopic bar 119, in fluid communication with a tank 120 attached with the body 101.

[0041] Figure 1 and Figure 2 further includes, a multilevel garbage collection channel 122 installed slidably over the body 101, a plurality of orifices 123 formed over the body 101, a plurality of pneumatic spikes 124 lined along inner surface of the channel 122, the channel 122 is installed over the body 101 by means of a pair of sliding units 125, the channel 122 is installed with the sliding units 125 by means of a pivot assembly 201, the pivot assembly 201 comprises a pair of rings 202, one of the rings 202 attached with the sliding units 125 and the other of the rings 202 attached with a bottom end of the channel 122, the rings 202 connected to one another by means of pivoted linkages 203, a metal detector 126 installed in the channel 122, a fetching unit (128,129,130) comprises a sliding means 128 disposed along a length of the channel 122, a frame 129 coupled with the sliding means 128, a rotary arm 130 having a clamp 131 at an end, attached with a bottom portion of the frame 129, the rotary arm 130 comprises a first link 132 slidably connected with a guide track 133 attached with the frame 129, a second link 134 joined with an end of the track 133 and a proximal region of the first link 132 in a hinged manner, a holder 135 connected with an upper portion of the frame 129, the holder 135 comprises a plurality of curved inflatable structures 136, inflated by an inflation unit 137 installed with frame 129 and a speaker 138 installed on the body 101.

[0042] The present invention relates to a sustainable automated waste collection vehicle designed for efficient collection, segregation, and initial processing of waste materials in urban and semi-urban environments. The vehicle is configured to minimize manual intervention and for enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

[0043] The vehicle comprises a mobile body 101 which serves as a main structure of the vehicle. In an embodiment of the present invention, the body 101 is fabricated from high-strength, lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys or reinforced composites to withstand dynamic loading conditions during locomotion and waste collection operations to ensure durability, corrosion resistance, and reduced energy consumption owing to lower overall mass.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, an enclosure 302 is integrated within the mobile body 101, designated for the storage of collected waste. The enclosure 302 facilitates segregated storage of different waste types, including biodegradable, recyclable, metallic, hazardous, and non-recyclable categories.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the enclosure 302 may be thermally insulated to prevent degradation of perishable waste and lined with wear-resistant coatings to minimize damage from abrasive or corrosive materials.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle is supported on a plurality of wheels 102, which provide locomotion to the vehicle. Each wheel 102 is designed with a reinforced hub and rim structure, lined with high-grip outer treads suitable for urban roads and uneven terrains. The wheels 102 are connected to the mobile body 101 via suspension linkages that absorb shocks and vibrations, thereby ensuring smoother operation and protection of sensitive onboard components.

[0047] In an embodiment, a sensing unit 104 integrated with the vehicle to scan and map surrounding environment of the vehicle in three dimensions. The sensing unit 104 serves a dual purpose:

• firstly, to identify and localize waste materials scattered across the operational zone for subsequent collection; and
• secondly, to detect and avoid obstacles encountered during autonomous locomotion.

[0048] The sensing unit 104, includes an imaging unit 105 mounted at an elevated position on the vehicle, such as the roof or an extendable mast, to maximize its field of view and a LiDAR (light detection and ranging) unit 106. The imaging unit 105 comprises a high-resolution digital camera that operates across visible and near-infrared spectra. The camera includes a lens assembly, an image sensor, and an image processor. The lens assembly focuses incoming light onto the image sensor, where it is converted into electrical signals proportional to light intensity and color composition. These signals are digitized and processed to generate two-dimensional images of the surrounding environment.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, the image sensor is be CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ) is a type of electronic chip that creates digital images by converting light into electrical signals. In another embodiment of the present invention, the image sensor might be CCD (Charge-Coupled Device), which converts light into electrical signals, capturing images without film. The CCD is crucial due to their ability to capture high-quality, low-noise images.

[0050] The internal image processor employs computer vision protocols to extract useful information from the captured images. Edge detection and contour mapping protocols identify the boundaries of objects, while deep learning models classify them as either obstacles (e.g., poles, curbs, vehicles) or waste objects (e.g., plastic bottles, bags). Temporal analysis of sequential frames enables motion tracking of moving obstacles, such as pedestrians or stray animals, ensuring safe navigation in crowded areas.

[0051] On the other hand, the LIDAR unit 106 comprises a laser emitter, a rotating mirror, and a photodetector array. The emitter projects rapid pulses of laser light into the surrounding environment. When the light pulses strike an object, they are reflected back and detected by the photodetector. A controller associated with the LiDAR unit 106 measures the time-of-flight of each pulse, which is directly proportional to the distance of the object from the LiDAR unit 106.

[0052] As the LIDAR unit 106 continuously emits and receives laser pulses while sweeping across the environment, it generates a dense point cloud dataset representing the three-dimensional geometry of nearby surfaces and objects. The data points are processed by the controller to create real-time depth maps. These depth maps are fused with the two-dimensional images from the imaging unit 105, resulting in a complete 3D environmental model that combines visual texture with precise distance measurements.

[0053] The control unit of the vehicle receives the fused 3D map and processes it. Potential collision zones are predicted by extrapolating object positions relative to the planned trajectory of the vehicle. For example, the vehicle entering a narrow street only 3 m wide. The LIDAR unit 106 scans obstacles up to 100 m ahead with a margin of 2–3 cm accuracy, while the imaging unit 105 identifies whether a shape is a parked scooter or a pile of waste. The sensing unit 104 detects waste objects as small as a plastic bottle about 15 cm long, ensuring nothing is missed.

[0054] The control unit then generates corrective locomotion commands, such as adjusting steering angle, modulating wheel 102 speeds, or initiating braking, to safely navigate around detected obstacles.

[0055] In an embodiment, at least one prime mover provided with the vehicle to provide power to the wheels 102. In an embodiment of the present invention, the prime mover may include an electric traction motor. In an electric configuration, each motor is coupled directly with the wheel 102 hub through a shaft or gear reduction assembly. The motor converts electrical energy into rotational motion, generating torque that drives the wheel 102. The control circuitry regulates current and voltage supplied to the motors to enable acceleration, deceleration, and precise manoeuvrability of the vehicle.

[0056] In another embodiment of the present invention, the prime mover may include an internal combustion engine. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the prime mover may include a hybrid powertrain.

[0057] In an embodiment, each wheel 102 is embedded with an encoder that operates on an optical or magnetic sensing principle. In the optical type, a perforated or patterned disc rotates with the wheel 102, and a photodiode array detects interruptions in light beams to generate electrical pulses. In the magnetic type, a magnetized ring interacts with a Hall-effect sensor to produce signals corresponding to wheel 102 rotation. These pulses are processed by a controller to calculate the distance travelled and the instantaneous angular velocity of each wheel 102.

[0058] The encoder data is continuously transmitted to a control unit integrated within the vehicle to enable closed-loop control of locomotion, ensuring the vehicle follows a defined trajectory, avoids obstacles, and maintains synchronization across all wheels 102. Coupled with each wheel 102 are one or more piezoelectric transducers 103 designed to harness energy from mechanical stresses experienced during motion. In an embodiment, these transducers 103 are formed of piezoelectric ceramics or polymers, mounted within the wheel 102 hub or rim. As the wheel 102 undergoes cyclic loading due to ground contact, deformation of the transducer 103 materials induces electric charges on their surfaces due to the piezoelectric effect.

[0059] The electrical output from the piezoelectric transducers 103, typically in the form of alternating current with variable amplitude, is routed to an energy conditioning circuit. This circuit comprises rectifiers to convert AC to DC, capacitors to smooth voltage fluctuations, and step-up/step-down converters to regulate the output to usable levels. In an embodiment, the processed energy is then stored in an energy storage module such as a super-capacitor bank or auxiliary lithium-ion battery.

[0060] The harvested energy is utilized to power low-consumption modules of the vehicle. By recycling part of the mechanical stresses into electrical energy, the control unit reduces dependency on the primary power supply, thereby improving energy efficiency and supporting the sustainability objective of the waste collection vehicle.

[0061] For example, when the vehicle travels along a 2 km residential route, the wheel 102 encoders measure every 10 cm of movement, ensuring it can stop precisely at waste pickup points. At the same time, piezoelectric transducers 103 embedded in the wheels 102 harvest power while the vehicle moves over uneven roads, which is enough to power components during the locomotion.

[0062] During waste detection, the control unit applies object recognition techniques to both the 2D images and the 3D point cloud. By analyzing object shapes, sizes, reflectance properties, and contextual location, the sensing unit 104 distinguishes waste objects from natural background elements. Once identified, the control unit activates a pickup arrangement 107 installed along one of its lateral surfaces, configured to collect scattered waste from the ground and transfer it into the enclosure 302.

[0063] The pickup arrangement 107 is designed to extend outward, rotate for positioning, and retract back into the body 101 after operation, thereby maintaining compactness when not in use. The pickup arrangement 107 includes a pan 108, which functions as the primary collection approach.

[0064] In an embodiment, the pan 108 is shaped with a concave profile to efficiently hold loose and irregularly sized waste items. The pan 108 is mounted in an extendable and rotatable manner relative to the lateral surface of the vehicle, allowing it to move outward to reach scattered waste and rotate to transfer the collected waste into the enclosure 302. Supporting the movement of the pan 108 is a pair of vertically arranged sliders 109 mounted parallel to the lateral surface of the body 101.

[0065] These sliders 109 act as guiding elements, ensuring smooth and stable motion of the pan 108 assembly along a vertical axis. The sliders 109 are rails with low-friction bearings, which minimize wear during repeated cycles of extension and retraction. A sliding rail 110 is attached to the pair of sliders 109 through a support bar 111, forming the horizontal guiding structure for the pan 108. The sliding rail 110 provides lateral translation capability, enabling the pan 108 to be positioned at different horizontal offsets.

[0066] The combination of vertical sliders 109 and the sliding rail 110 ensures that the pan 108 maneuvere in multiple degrees of freedom to access waste lying at varying distances and orientations relative to the vehicle. A rotary joint 112 connecting the pan 108 to the sliding rail 110 enables angular rotation of the pan 108 around its axis. In an embodiment of the present invention, the rotary joint 112 consists of a bearing-supported shaft, coupled with an actuator that imparts controlled rotational motion, which allows the pan 108 to tilt and invert, thereby transferring the waste into the enclosure 302 via a plurality of orifices 123 formed over the body 101.

[0067] In another embodiment of the present invention, the rotary joint 112 might be a ball and socket joint. In another embodiment of the present invention, the rotary joint 112 might be a joint connected with dual stepper motors. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the rotary joint 112 might be swivel joint.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the rotary joint 112 is equipped with torque limiters to prevent mechanical overload during operation.

[0069] In an embodiment, a load sensor 113 is embedded within the pan 108 to monitor the weight of collected waste in real time. The load sensor 113 operates on the strain gauge principle, where mechanical deformation due to added weight is converted into a measurable electrical resistance change. This signal is digitized and relayed to the control unit, which uses the information to regulate collection capacity, prevent overloading, and trigger transfer operations once a predefined threshold weight is reached.

[0070] In an embodiment, a motorised roller 115 is installed across the upper edge of the pan 108, gathers and directs scattered waste onto the collection surface of the pan 108. The roller 115 is mounted on a shaft supported by bearing housings at either end, allowing smooth rotational motion. In an embodiment of the present invention, the roller 115 is powered by an electric drive motor coupled via a gear train or belt assembly to regulate torque and rotational speed. The motor receives control signals from the control unit, which adjusts its operational parameters in real-time, thereby ensuring that the roller 115 operates at optimal speed for pulling waste without causing clogging or excessive power consumption.

[0071] Distributed uniformly along the outer surface of the roller 115 are a plurality of pneumatic pins 116. The pneumatic pins 116 are connected internally to a compressed air supply routed through pneumatic pins 116 inside the roller 115 shaft. When actuated, the pins 116 extend outward from the roller 115 surface, penetrating and gripping waste materials lying on the ground. Upon retraction, the waste is dragged upward and deposited onto the pan 108. The pneumatic pins 116 include an air compressor, solenoid valves, and regulators.

[0072] The compressor maintains a constant pressure reservoir, while solenoid valves, under command of the control unit, selectively release compressed air into individual pins, thereby enabling synchronized extension and retraction of pins 116 with the roller’s rotation, ensuring effective lifting of waste into the pan 108. In an embodiment of the present invention, pressure sensors integrated into the pneumatic pins 116 provide feedback to prevent overextension or pin 116 damage.

[0073] Integrated at the base of each pneumatic pin 116 is a piezoelectric actuator designed to assist in tearing open garbage bags encountered during collection. The piezoelectric actuator is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic stack that elongates or contracts when subjected to a controlled voltage input. When activated, the actuator generates high-frequency oscillatory motion transmitted to the pneumatic pin’s tip, creating localized vibrations. These vibrations weaken and rupture the plastic or paper material of garbage bags, allowing their contents to spill onto the pan 108 for direct collection.

[0074] The control unit coordinates the activation of the piezoelectric actuators with the extension of pneumatic pins 116. For example, when a bag-like object is detected by the sensing unit 104 during pin engagement, voltage is applied to the actuators to generate cutting vibrations. Once the bag is opened, the pins 116 retract while the roller 115 continues its rotation, sweeping the released waste material onto the pan 108. The combined action ensures that bagged waste is automatically processed without manual intervention.

[0075] During operation, the pickup arrangement 107 extends outward, positions the pan 108 under or near scattered waste, and activates the roller 115 to pull the waste onto the pan 108. Once the pan 108 reaches its load threshold, the rotary joint 112 tilts the pan 108 to deposit the waste into the vehicle enclosure 302, thereby ensuring accurate and efficient transfer of waste while minimizing spillage and energy consumption.

[0076] In an embodiment, an RPM (rotations per minute) sensor 114 is also integrated with the pan 108, specifically associated with the motorized roller 115. The RPM sensor 114 functions using an optical encoder disc to detect rotational speed. The RPM sensor 114 continuously monitors the roller’s velocity and feeds this data to the control unit. By correlating the RPM data with the load sensor 113 readings, the control unit dynamically adjusts the rotational speed of the roller 115 to match the volume and weight of the waste collected on the pan 108, thereby optimizing efficiency and preventing jamming.

[0077] For example, the vehicle finds scattered waste such as two glass bottles and several food wrappers weighing about 5 kg. The extendable pan 108 slides out by 1 m from the vehicle, rotates down to ground level, and collects the waste. The load sensor 113 records the 5 kg weight, while the RPM sensor 114 keeps the roller 115 rotate to avoid overspinning when the load is light.

[0078] In another example, the waste includes a sealed garbage bag of about 8 kg, the roller 115, about half a meter wide, rotates. Its pneumatic pins 116 hook onto the bag, while tiny piezoelectric actuators at their tips tear through the plastic film, which is usually thick, ensuring the waste inside can be emptied onto the pan 108.

[0079] A warning arrangement 117 is mounted with the lateral surface of the mobile body 101, to imprint visual warnings at locations where illegally dumped waste is detected by the sensing unit 104. The warning arrangement 117 works in direct conjunction with the sensing unit 104 (responsible for waste detection) and a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit 121 integrated within the body 101. The GPS unit 121 constantly triangulates satellite signals to determine the real-time position of the vehicle with sub-meter accuracy.

[0080] The GPS (Global Positioning System) unit 121 consists of a receiver that communicates with the satellites to determine the exact location of the vehicle. The GPS (Global Positioning System) unit 121 constantly receives signals from the satellites and calculates the coordinates. The GPS unit 121 works by receiving signals from multiple satellites orbiting the Earth. The GPS unit 121 uses the timing of these signals and trilateration to calculate the precise location of the vehicle.

[0081] The control unit cross-references the detected waste location against a predefined geospatial database of authorized and unauthorized dumping zones. When waste is identified in an unauthorized zone, the control unit initiates the warning arrangement 117 to imprint a clear warning mark at the specific site. The warning arrangement 117, comprises a three-axis gantry 118 fixed to the lateral surface of the vehicle. The gantry 118 consists of a horizontal rail (X-axis), a vertical carriage (Y-axis), and a telescopic extension arrangement (Z-axis). Precision stepper motors or servo motors are integrated at each axis to enable coordinated three-dimensional movement.

[0082] The motors are controlled by the control unit, allowing a spray nozzle 127 to move in defined trajectories for imprinting customized warning patterns. In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of position encoders installed on each axis provide feedback to ensure accuracy of the spray nozzle’s position during operation.

[0083] The gantry 118 is equipped with the spray nozzle 127 via an articulated telescopic bar 119, which provides additional range and flexibility in spray nozzle 127 positioning. The telescopic bar 119 consists of nested cylindrical segments capable of extending or retracting. The articulation joints incorporated at both ends of the bar 119 allow angular displacement in multiple directions, enabling the spray nozzle 127 to be oriented toward uneven ground surfaces or inclined dumping areas. The articulation is achieved by miniature servo joints that provide controlled degrees of freedom.

[0084] The spray nozzle 127 is designed with a precision atomizing tip that converts the liquid paint into a fine spray under pressure. In an embodiment, the spray nozzle 127 includes a solenoid-controlled valve that regulates paint flow, ensuring sharp and well-defined imprints. The spray pattern (line, dot, or wide cone) dynamically adjusted by the control unit depending on the required warning design. In an embodiment of the present invention, the spray nozzle 127 incorporates a clog detection sensor that monitors fluid pressure drop and triggers automated cleaning cycles if obstruction is detected to maintain consistency.

[0085] The spray nozzle 127 is in fluid communication with the tank 120 securely attached to the body 101. In an embodiment, a pump is coupled with the tank 120 to pressurize the paint supply line leading to the spray nozzle 127. In an embodiment, flow sensors embedded in a pipeline connected between the spray nozzle 127 and the tank 120 to provide real-time data to the control unit for regulating flow rate according to the imprinting requirement. The paint used is formulated to be quick-drying, weather-resistant, and environmentally safe.

[0086] The entire operation of the warning arrangement 117 is coordinated by the control unit. When the sensing unit 104 detects illegal dumping and the GPS unit 121 confirms its location lies outside predefined safe zones, the control unit commands the gantry 118 to position the spray nozzle 127 above the identified site. The articulated telescopic bar 119 extends, aligns the spray nozzle 127 at the correct angle, and the pump activates to deliver paint through the spray nozzle 127. The gantry 118 then executes a programmed trajectory, imprinting the warning text or symbol directly on the ground surface.

[0087] In an embodiment, to ensure legal compliance and record-keeping, the coordinates of the imprinted location are stored in a memory along with a time-stamped log. This data can be transmitted to municipal authorities via the communication module for monitoring and enforcement actions.

[0088] For example, if a 1000 L pile of illegally dumped rubble is detected on a vacant lot, the gantry 118 mounted spray nozzle 127 extends outward by 1.5 m and sprays a bright red warning sign onto the ground. The GPS unit 121 records the exact coordinates, sending them to municipal authorities for enforcement action.

[0089] In an embodiment, a multilevel garbage collection channel 122 is installed slidably over the body 101 to receive garbage deposited from residences or buildings at varying floor levels and direct the waste into the vehicle’s internal enclosure 302 in an organized and segregated manner via the orifices 123. The channel 122 is constructed as a hollow tubular structure to withstand repeated impacts from falling waste.

[0090] The inner surface of the channel 122 is lined with a plurality of pneumatic spikes 124. In an embodiment of the present invention, these spikes 124 are connected to miniature pneumatic actuators, which receive compressed air from an on-board air reservoir. During operation, when waste such as garbage bags enters the channel 122, the pneumatic actuators trigger the spikes 124 to extend momentarily, piercing and tearing open the bags, which ensures that the waste contents are freed from enclosed bags, thereby allowing smoother segregation of metallic and non-metallic items in subsequent stages.

[0091] Once the piercing action is complete, the spikes 124 retract to avoid obstruction of the waste flow. In an embodiment of the present invention, pressure sensors integrated with the pneumatic actuators to regulate spike extension force to ensure effective tearing without damage to the channel 122. The channel 122 is slidably mounted on the body 101 through a pair of sliding units 125. Each sliding unit 125 incorporates a linear guide rail and carriage assembly driven by an electric linear actuator.

[0092] These sliding units 125 allow the channel 122 to move laterally along the body 101. Through precise actuation, the channel 122 is positioned in alignment with one of the multiple orifices 123 formed on the vehicle. Each orifice 123 leads to a designated partition 303 within the enclosure 302, thereby ensuring that waste segregated as metallic or non-metallic.

[0093] To accommodate collection from residences or buildings of different elevations, the channel 122 is further installed with the sliding units 125 via a pivot assembly 201. The pivot assembly 201 is engineered with a pair of rings 202, one ring 202 fixed rigidly to the sliding unit 125, and the other ring 202 attached to the lower end of the channel 122. The two rings 202 are connected by pivoted linkages 203, which allow controlled rotation of the channel 122 about a horizontal axis, which enables the channel 122 to incline upward or downward depending on the required entry level of waste.

[0094] In an embodiment, the pneumatic spikes 124 may be reactivated if a clog or partially closed bag is detected by load sensor.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, the linear or rotary actuators integrated into the pivot linkage 203 to regulate the degree of inclination with high precision.

[0096] In another embodiment of the present invention, the pivot assembly 201 is equipped with angular position sensors that continuously provide feedback to the control unit regarding the inclination angle of the channel 122, which ensures that the opening of the channel 122 is accurately aligned with the waste outlet of a residence or building.

[0097] In an embodiment of the present invention, the channel 122 acts as a retractable and adjustable chute that aligns with dedicated orifices 123 formed on the body 101, each leading inside the enclosure 302.

[0098] For example, in an apartment building, the channel 122 extends upward by about 2.5 m to reach the first floor. When a resident drops in a 10 kg bag, pneumatic spikes 124 inside puncture the bag for processing. The channel 122 then pivots slightly, about 30°, and directs the waste into the correct partition 303 of the enclosure 302, separating metal cans from organic waste.

[0099] In an embodiment, a metal detector 126 is installed within the channel 122 to identify metallic items in the waste stream before they are directed into the enclosure 302. The detector 126 is positioned along the inner wall of the channel 122 at a location where garbage flows through at a controlled rate, ensuring that metallic components such as cans, foils, utensils, or scrap are reliably detected to enable automated segregation by triggering the sliding unit 125 of the channel 122 to align with the orifice 123 corresponding to the metallic waste partition 303 within the enclosure 302.

[00100] The metal detector 126 operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A transmitting coil integrated into the channel 122 generates an alternating magnetic field. When a metallic object passes through this field, it induces eddy currents within the object, which in turn distort the original magnetic field. A receiving coil or sensor detects these distortions as fluctuations in voltage or phase shift. For ferrous metals, the high magnetic permeability amplifies the effect, while for non-ferrous metals like aluminum or copper, the induced eddy currents create distinct signatures. A signal processing module converts these distortions into digital data that is sent to the vehicle’s control unit for classification.

[00101] The metal detector 126 includes a control circuit comprising amplifiers, filters, and a controller. The amplifiers boost the weak signals from the receiving coil, while band-pass filters eliminate noise and environmental interference. The controller executes protocols to distinguish between metallic and non-metallic disturbances, reducing false positives caused by high-moisture organic waste or compacted debris. Once metallic waste is detected, the control unit immediately triggers the sliding units 125.

[00102] For instance, when a resident throws away a steel cooking pan weighing about 1 kg, the inductive metal detector 126 recognizes it instantly. The channel 122 shifts in less than 2 seconds to align with the metallic waste orifice 123, ensuring the pan 108 doesn’t end up mixed with biodegradable waste.

[00103] The control unit instructs them to translate the channel 122 laterally so that its outlet aligns with the orifice 123 connected to the metallic waste partition 303 inside the enclosure 302. The sliding process is monitored by linear position encoders integrated into the sliding units 125. These encoders continuously report the position of the channel 122, ensuring precise alignment with the designated orifice 123. If the metal detector 126 confirms continuous detection of metallic items during a waste flow, the sliding unit 125 remains locked in the metallic waste alignment until no metallic sign is detected for a predefined interval. This prevents rapid back-and-forth sliding during mixed waste disposal and optimizes throughput.

[00104] The waste finally enters the selected orifice 123 and is conveyed into the designated partition 303 of the internal enclosure 302. In an embodiment of the present invention, the enclosure 302 is divided into partitions 303 one for metallic waste and another for non-metallic waste, thus ensuring that metallic and non-metallic waste are stored in separate enclosure 302 without cross-contamination.

[00105] In an embodiment, a fetching unit (128,129,130) is installed with the channel 122 to enable an automated retrieval and emptying of waste bins located at varying elevations into the channel 122. The fetching unit (128,129,130) ensures that bins of different sizes and at different heights can be securely engaged and emptied without manual intervention. The fetching unit (128,129,130) comprises a sliding means 128 disposed along the length of the channel 122. This sliding means 128 consists of a linear guide rail integrated parallel to the channel 122, with a motorized carriage that can traverse the entire length.

[00106] The carriage is powered by an electric motor, which allows the fetching unit (128,129,130) to position itself horizontally along the channel 122, aligning with the location of a waste bin placed at a specific elevation or offset from the vehicle. In an embodiment of the present invention, position encoders integrated with the sliding carriage continuously feed real-time data to the control unit to ensure precise positioning.

[00107] A frame 129 is coupled with the sliding means 128 and supports a rotary arm 130 installed at lower section and a holder 135 at upper section. It is mounted on the carriage in such a way that the entire frame 129 travel with the sliding means 128 along the length of channel 122, bringing the gripping and holding into alignment with the target bin. The rotary arm 130 equipped with a clamp 131 at its free end. The clamp 131 consists of motorized jaws lined with friction pads, designed to grip the rim or body 101 of a waste bin securely. The rotary arm 130 itself is composed of two main links, a first link 132 and a second link 134. The first link 132 is mounted on a guide track 133 that is fixed to the frame 129, enabling the first link 132 to slide vertically along the track 133.

[00108] The second link 134 is connected to both the distal end of the track 133 and the proximal end of the first link 132 by means of hinge joints, which forms a sliding-hinged arrangement that allows the clamp 131 at the end of the first link 132 to extend outward to grip the bin, and then retract while pivoting towards the opening of the channel 122. In an embodiment of the present invention, the rotary motion of the arm 130 is driven by servo motors integrated into the hinged joints, controlled via angular encoders.

[00109] To stabilize the bin during lifting and rotation, the upper section of the frame 129 incorporates the holder 135 to engage with the handle of the waste bin. The holder 135 is composed of a series of curved inflatable structures 136. The structures 136 remain deflated while the fetching unit (128,129,130) approaches the bin, ensuring minimal obstruction. Once the bin is in position, an inflation unit 137 installed on the frame 129 pumps compressed air into the curved inflatable structures 136, causing them to expand and wrap securely around the handle of the bin.

[00110] In an embodiment of the present invention, pressure sensors regulate the inflation to provide sufficient gripping force without damaging the bin handle. This dual engagement clamp at the bottom and inflatable structures 136 at the top, ensures that the bin is stabilized against tilting or wobbling during the emptying process.

[00111] In operation, the fetching sequence begins with the sliding means 128 positioning the frame 129 adjacent to a waste bin. The rotary arm 130 extends outward, and the clamp 131 engages the bin’s rim. Simultaneously, the holder 135 inflates around the handle to provide upper support. Once secured, the rotary arm 130 retracts and pivots, lifting and tilting the bin towards the opening of the channel 122. Controlled actuation ensures a smooth pouring motion, allowing waste to fall into the channel 122 without spillage. After emptying, the arm 130 returns the bin to its original upright position, the clamp 131 releases, and the inflatable structures 136 deflate, freeing the bin. The sliding means 128 then repositions the frame 129 to the next collection point or returns to its idle position.

[00112] For example, a plastic dustbin weighing 12 kg is left at a first-floor balcony. The fetching unit (128,129,130) slides along the 2-m channel 122, its clamp 131 grips the bin, while the inflatable holder 135 secures the bin’s handle. The rotary arm 130 then tilts the bin to empty its contents into the channel 122 in under 10 seconds, before placing it neatly back in its spot.

[00113] Within the enclosure 302, each partition 303 is equipped with a conveyor 301 that functions to transport the waste deposited into that partition 303 towards subsequent processing. The conveyor 301 ensures continuous movement of collected material, preventing clogging inside the enclosure 302. The conveyor 301 consists of a belt assembly stretched between two or more roller mounted on parallel shafts. (as illustrated in Figure 3)

[00114] In another embodiment of the present invention, a rubberized belt reinforced with steel mesh is used, allowing the conveyor 301 to withstand sharp metallic waste and wet organic debris without tearing. In yet another embodiment, a modular slat chain conveyor may be used in the metallic waste partition 303 to provide extra durability against impact from heavier objects. The roller is supported by ball bearings to reduce friction and ensure smooth belt movement.

[00115] The drive arrangement of the conveyor 301 is powered by a motorized drive unit installed at one end of the enclosure 302. This drive unit typically includes an electric motor coupled with a gearbox, which reduces speed and increases torque for steady belt motion. The motor is governed by a variable frequency drive (VFD), enabling precise speed control according to waste type and volume. For example, the conveyor 301 in the non-metallic partition 303 may run at a faster speed to process lightweight materials quickly, whereas the conveyor 301 in the metallic partition 303 may run slower to safely handle heavier items.

[00116] In an embodiment of the present invention, the conveyor 301 embedded with load sensor and proximity detectors that monitor the amount of waste accumulated on the belt. The load sensor, often strain-gauge based, measure the weight exerted by the waste, providing feedback to the control unit to prevent overloading. The proximity detectors track the presence of objects, ensuring that the conveyor 301 does not run empty for extended periods and conserving energy.

[00117] For smooth functioning in the enclosed environment, the conveyor 301 incorporates self-cleaning and guiding arrangement. Scraper blades mounted beneath the return section of the belt continuously remove sticky organic material. In addition, the belt is tensioned by an adjustable take-up assembly with spring arrangement, ensuring optimal grip and minimizing slippage even under heavy load.

[00118] For example, the waste enters the vehicle’s enclosure 302 and placed on the conveyor 301 about 1 m long that moves at 0.2 m/s. This ensures that even if 100 kg of waste is collected in an hour.

[00119] In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention, an autonomous segregation unit is provided within each of the partitions 303, to detect and isolate hazardous waste, segregate waste based on weight and remove valuable items from the waste.

[00120] The weight-based segregation of the waste leads to a separation of heavier waste, which is likely to contain a greater quantity of moisture, from lighter waste which may contain a lower quantity of water, thus, essentially, separating wet waste from dry waste.

[00121] In an embodiment, the autonomous segregation unit primarily comprises an inspection unit 304 is installed at an initial portion of conveyor 301 to examine the waste stream immediately after it is deposited. The purpose of the inspection unit 304 is to identify and isolate hazardous items, such as radioactive materials, explosive devices, or chemical contaminants, before they mix with the general waste flow. By performing inspection at the earliest stage, the control unit ensures that dangerous items are contained safely. The inspection unit 304 integrates three primary sensing technologies, a gamma detector, a neutron detector, and a Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Each sensor targets a specific class of hazardous materials, ensuring comprehensive detection.

[00122] In an embodiment, the gamma detector is constructed using a scintillation crystal coupled with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a solid-state photodiode. When high-energy gamma radiation from radioactive waste interacts with the scintillation crystal, light pulses are generated. These pulses are converted into electrical signals by the photomultiplier or photodiode, and the signal strength is proportional to the radiation intensity. A signal processing circuit filters and amplifies these pulses, and the control unit interprets them to confirm the presence of radioactive isotopes.

[00123] In an embodiment, the neutron detector complements the gamma detector by identifying neutron emissions associated with nuclear materials. It typically employs a helium-3 proportional counter or a boron trifluoride tube. When neutrons collide with the detector medium, they produce charged particles that generate an ionization current, which is then measured and converted into electronic data. In another embodiment of the present invention, the neutron detector may incorporate moderator materials around the tube to slow down fast neutrons, increasing detection accuracy.

[00124] The FTIR spectrometer is designed to detect chemical and explosive substances. It operates by directing an infrared beam at the waste item and capturing the reflected or transmitted spectrum. Hazardous compounds have unique absorption fingerprints in the infrared region, which the spectrometer records. A Fourier-transform protocol converts the raw interferogram into a usable spectrum, which is compared against a database of hazardous substances. Explosives, volatile organic compounds, and toxic chemicals can thus be identified within seconds.

[00125] When hazardous waste is detected, the control unit triggers a gripper 305, provided with the autonomous segregation unit to extract the identified item from the conveyor 301 before it proceeds further. The gripper 305 includes a six-bar linkage 306 for enhanced dexterity and extended range of motion compared to simpler linkages. The six-bar linkage 306 consists of interconnected bars pivoted at specific joints to allow complex movements with minimal actuator input. At the end of the six-bar linkage 306 is a clipper 307, which functions as the gripping element. The clipper 307 consists of dual opposing jaws with serrated inner surfaces, actuated by a motor, enabling it to securely grip irregularly shaped hazardous items.

[00126] In an embodiment, the six-bar linkage 306 is powered by a combination of rotary and linear actuators, each equipped with encoders for position feedback. The linkage 306 provides multiple degrees of freedom, enabling the gripper 305 to extend towards the conveyor 301, adjust its angle, grip the hazardous item precisely, and then retract safely. In an embodiment, force sensors integrated into the jaws regulate the gripping pressure, preventing rupture of explosive materials or leakage from chemical containers.

[00127] Once the item is secured, the gripper 305 transfers it to an insulated compartment 314 inside the enclosure 302. The compartment 314 is lined with heat-resistant and radiation-shielding materials. For chemical waste, the compartment 314 includes a corrosion-resistant polymer lining and sealing gaskets to contain leaks. In operation, as waste passes along the conveyor 301, the inspection unit 304 continuously scans for radiation, neutron emissions, and chemical signatures.

[00128] If hazardous waste is identified, the conveyor 301 halts temporarily, the six-bar linkage 306 extends, and the clipper 307 removes the item and deposits it into the insulated compartment 314. The conveyor 301 then resumes its cycle, thereby ensuring that hazardous waste is separated and contained without endangering the vehicle, operators, or the environment.

[00129] For example, if someone unknowingly discards a broken smoke detector, the gamma detector senses emissions above safe background levels within seconds. The gripper 305, lifts the hazardous item and drops it into the compartment 314, keeping it separated from the rest of the waste.

[00130] In an embodiment, a logging module operatively configured with the control unit. The logging module ensures that each incident of hazardous waste detection and removal is recorded with precise metadata, including location and time of collection, thereby enabling traceability and future enquiry by municipal authorities, regulatory agencies, or law enforcement bodies.

[00131] In an embodiment, the logging module consists of a geolocation unit, a timekeeping unit, and a data recording and storage unit, which function collaboratively to generate tamper-proof, verifiable records whenever hazardous waste is encountered and isolated. In an embodiment, the geolocation unit employs GPS unit 121.

[00132] The GPS unit 121 receiver continuously communicates with multiple satellites to triangulate the vehicle’s exact coordinates. When hazardous waste is detected and the gripper 305 deposits it into the insulated compartment 314, the control unit queries the GPS unit 121 to obtain the current latitude, longitude, and elevation. The GPS unit 121 also integrates a differential correction feature for urban environments where satellite visibility may be obstructed, ensuring positional accuracy within a few meters.

[00133] The timekeeping unit consists of a real-time clock (RTC) chip with a quartz crystal oscillator and battery backup, which ensures uninterrupted timekeeping even if the vehicle’s main power supply is temporarily disconnected. The RTC generates a precise timestamp in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is attached to the logged event. Synchronization with the GPS unit 121 is periodically performed to correct any drift, ensuring that logged timestamps are accurate to the second.

[00134] The data recording and storage unit includes an onboard non-volatile memory, such as NAND flash or solid-state drive (SSD), coupled with a controller. Each time hazardous waste is detected and removed, a new entry is created containing the GPS coordinates, the timestamp, the type of hazard identified by the inspection unit 304 (e.g., radioactive, explosive, chemical), and the ID of the insulated compartment 314 where the waste was stored. To enhance traceability, the vehicle identification number and operator ID (if applicable) may also be embedded in the log entry.

[00135] In an embodiment, the data recording and storage unit is secured by a cryptographic hash function and digital signatures to prevent tampering. Each log entry is hashed using a protocols such as SHA-256, and the hash is signed with the vehicle’s private key, which ensures the integrity and authenticity of the logged records, enabling authorities to verify that no alterations have occurred after data capture.

[00136] In an embodiment, the logging module is further integrated with a wireless communication interface (e.g., 4G/5G modem, LoRaWAN, or satellite uplink) that transmits the recorded entries in real time or batch mode to a central monitoring server, which provides redundancy, ensuring that even if the onboard storage is damaged, a copy of the logs exists in the cloud-based database.

[00137] In an embodiment, during future enquiry or regulatory inspection, the logged data retrieved through a touch interactive panel on the vehicle or remotely via the database. The records sorted chronologically, by hazard type, or by location, enabling authorities to track patterns of hazardous waste disposal across a region. Such traceability aids in identifying illegal dumping sites, recurring contamination zones, or sources of radiological or explosive threats.

[00138] For example, the inspection unit 304 logs the hazardous item at 7:42 AM, with GPS coordinates accurate to about 3 m. This log is uploaded to municipal servers the same day, giving authorities a record for follow-up investigation.

[00139] In an embodiment, the the autonomous segregation unit further comprises an articulated blower 308 arranged along one side of the conveyor 301 located inside the enclosure 302. The articulated blower 308 serves the function of aiding in the segregation of waste based on weight and aerodynamic properties, displacing lighter, dry materials such as plastics, paper, and small debris into a designated chamber 309 while allowing heavier, wet items to remain on the conveyor 301 for collection at a recess 310 provided at an end of the conveyor 301.

[00140] In an embodiment, the blower 308 assembly consists of a turbine-driven fan unit, a variable-speed motor, and a directional nozzle. The turbine-driven fan generates a high-velocity airflow that can be modulated depending on the nature of waste detected by the inspection unit 304. The motor is electronically linked with the control unit, which adjusts the RPM of the fan blades to achieve the required airflow intensity.

[00141] In an embodiment, the blower 308 is mounted within the enclosure 302 by means of a robotic limb 316, which consists of a series of rotary and prismatic joints actuated by servo motors. The robotic limb 316 provides six degrees of freedom, enabling the blower 308 to pivot, extend, retract, or tilt at various angles relative to the conveyor 301. Internal encoders within the joints provide positional feedback to the control unit, ensuring precise aiming of the airflow towards waste items. The articulation of the blower 308 adjusts the angle of attack depending on conveyor 301 load, waste distribution, or the size of the chamber 309 inlet.

[00142] In an embodiment of the present invention, a piezoelectric airflow sensor is integrated into the spray nozzle 127 that measures the velocity and consistency of the blown air. The control unit uses this feedback to maintain optimal performance, compensating for motor wear, dust clogging, or changes in waste density. Additionally, the blower 308 includes a filtering mesh at its intake, preventing large debris from entering and damaging the turbine. The chamber 309 is positioned along the inner wall of the enclosure 302. Lighter waste displaced by the air jet is collected here.

[00143] On the other hand, the recess 310 acts as a collection pocket for metallic scraps, glass, stones, or other dense objects. In an embodiment of the present invention, the recess 310 is shaped with a gradual downward slope and reinforced with abrasion-resistant lining to withstand impact loads from heavy waste. Embedded at the base of each recess 310 is a weight sensor 504, based on strain-gauge principle. As heavy waste accumulates, the strain gauge deforms slightly, changing its electrical resistance. This variation is measured and converted into a digital signal representing the precise mass of collected material. The control unit continuously monitors the weight data to track collection volume in real time. (as illustrated in Figure 5)

[00144] In an embodiment, each load cell is mounted within a shock-absorbing frame that protects it from mechanical overloading or sudden impacts caused by large waste pieces to ensure long-term reliability.

[00145] A sensing means 501 installed in the recess 310 to identify valuable items mixed within the heavier waste stream. The sensing means 501 ensures that recoverable resources such as coins, jewellery, electronic components, or high-value recyclable metals are not lost during the waste collection process. The sensing means 501 includes a camera 502 and a laser sensor 503, both mounted at an overhead position relative to the recess 310. (as illustrated in Figure 5)

[00146] The camera 502 functions as the visual recognition approach, capturing high-resolution images of the waste deposited within the recess 310. The captured frame are transmitted to the control unit, where computer vision protocols analyze shape, color, texture, and reflective properties to identify items that match a predefined database of valuable objects. For instance, the camera 502 may detect the round profile and metallic luster of a coin, the irregular sparkle of jewellery, or the distinct casing of small electronic devices.

[00147] Complementing the camera 502, the laser sensor 503 provides positional and depth data of the identified valuable items. The laser sensor 503 operates by emitting a coherent light beam towards the surface of the recess 310. When the beam strikes an object, the reflected light is detected by a photodiode array. The time-of-flight or triangulation of this reflection provides precise 3D coordinates of the item’s location relative to the recess 310, which allows the control unit to not only confirm the presence of a valuable item but also map its exact position and orientation for retrieval.

[00148] Once the sensing means 501 confirms the presence of a valuable item, a grabber 311 mounted inside the recess 310 is actuated. In an embodiment, the grabber 311 consists of a mechanical arm with a claw-type gripper designed to withstand dusty and irregular waste conditions. The mechanical arm extends towards the detected object. The claw is powered by miniature linear actuators and lined with high-friction silicone pads to securely grip small and smooth items. The grabber’s movement is coordinated with feedback from the laser sensor 503 to align its claw precisely with the target item. (as illustrated in Figure 5)

[00149] In an embodiment, the grabber 311 includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) integrated into its joints, which compensates for vibration or misalignment inside the recess 310 to ensure accuracy. The IMU provides angular position and acceleration data, ensuring the grabber 311 moves smoothly and accurately even if heavy waste shifts during operation.

[00150] After successful gripping, the grabber 311 retracts and deposits the valuable item into a separate storage 315 within the enclosure 302. This separate storage 315 is lined with cushioning material to prevent damage to fragile valuables and is equipped with a tamper-proof electronic lock to ensure secure separate storage 315 until authorized retrieval.

[00151] In an embodiment, simultaneously, the logging module records the event and retrieves the GPS coordinates and the timestamp from the real-time clock. The logged entry includes the type of valuable item detected (as classified by the vision protocols), the exact location, and the time of collection. This record is stored in non-volatile memory and transmitted to the control unit to create a verifiable trace of all recovered valuables.

[00152] For example, suppose someone accidentally throws a gold bracelet about 4 cm wide into the waste. The camera 502 spots its metallic shine, and the laser sensor 503 calculates its exact position. The grabber 311 picks it up carefully and moves it into separate storage 315, logging the location and time of recovery.

[00153] In an alternative embodiment of the instant invention, a digester tank 312 is operatively connected to the recess 310 designated for storing wet waste. The primary purpose of the digester tank 312 is to initiate biochemical conversion of organic waste into biogas, thereby enhancing sustainability by generating renewable energy as a by-product of the waste handling process. (as illustrated in Figure 4)

[00154] In an embodiment, the digester tank 312 is pre-treated with enzymes to enable and accelerate the hydrolysis process. Hydrolysis is the initial step of anaerobic digestion, where complex organic polymers such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids present in wet waste are broken down into simpler monomers like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. The enzymes may include cellulase for breaking cellulose into glucose, lipase for breaking fats into glycerol and fatty acids, and protease for breaking proteins into peptides and amino acids. These enzymes are immobilized onto the inner lining of the digester tank 312 or dispensed periodically via dosing nozzles to ensure uniform distribution.

[00155] In an embodiment, the digester tank 312 is fabricated from corrosion-resistant, reinforced polymer composites or stainless steel to withstand acidic by-products and microbial activity during the digestion process. The digester tank 312 interior is thermally insulated and may include heating jackets to maintain an optimal temperature range, ensuring efficient enzymatic and microbial activity.

[00156] To ensure effective breakdown and mixing of the wet waste, the digester tank 312 incorporates a planetary mixer 401. The planetary mixer 401 consists of a central rotating shaft and a set of orbiting blades mounted on arms. As the central shaft rotates, each blade simultaneously revolves around its own axis while orbiting the central axis of the digester tank 312. This dual-motion mixing ensures that the wet waste is continuously agitated, preventing sedimentation of solids, ensuring even enzyme contact, and homogenizing the substrate for uniform microbial digestion. In an embodiment, the mixer 401 is powered by an electric motor with a variable frequency drive (VFD) that adjusts mixing speed based on load feedback from torque sensors integrated into the shaft. (as illustrated in Figure 4)

[00157] During operation, the planetary mixer 401 maintains a balance between mechanical agitation and gas release, preventing the accumulation of scum layers and reducing the risk of gas stratification within the digester. In an embodiment, sensing module integrated within the digester tank 312, such as pH sensors, temperature probes, and pressure transducers, provide real-time monitoring of the digestion process and transmit feedback to the control unit.

[00158] In an embodiment, as digestion progresses, biogas primarily composed of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), is generated through the metabolic activity of anaerobic microorganisms. The generated biogas rises to the top of the digester tank 312 and is directed through a gas outlet valve equipped with a one-way check arrangement to prevent backflow.

[00159] In an embodiment, the collected biogas is transferred into a connected capsule 313. The capsule 313 is lined with a gas-impermeable barrier to prevent leakage and may include gas scrubbing units such as activated carbon or iron oxide filters to remove H₂S and moisture, thereby improving the quality of stored biogas. In an embodiment, pressure sensors integrated with the capsule 313 regulate the safe storage of gas, and a relief valve ensures release if pressure exceeds safe thresholds. (as illustrated in Figure 4)

[00160] For example, when 50 kg of kitchen scraps like rice and vegetable peels enter the digester tank 312, enzymes start breaking them down. The planetary mixer 401 stirs the mixture, and within two days, the process generates biogas, which is stored in a connected capsule 313.

[00161] A user interface module wirelessly linked with the control unit, act as the primary communication gateway between the user and the control unit. The user interface module allows residents, facility managers, and municipal authorities to interact with the vehicle in a personalized and efficient manner, thereby streamlining waste disposal, scheduling, and monitoring processes.

[00162] The user interface module inbuilt in a computing unit linked for executing user commands. The computing unit runs an embedded operating system that supports multi-user management, graphical rendering, and secure communication protocols. The user interface module communicates with the vehicle’s control unit via a communication unit integrated into the vehicle. This communication unit includes but not limited to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Zigbee, or 4G/5G cellular modules, depending on deployment environment. The communication unit is responsible for exchanging control signals, scheduling information, and status updates between the user and the waste collection vehicle. Data encryption protocols such as AES or SSL/TLS are embedded to ensure privacy and prevent unauthorized access.

[00163] In an embodiment, the user interface module supports creation of personalized user profiles. During initial interaction, the user is prompted to enter details such as household ID, location, preferred collection times, and waste generation patterns. This information is stored in the computing unit’s memory and linked to a unique user identifier. Profiles can be updated dynamically, allowing users to change their waste pickup frequency, request on-demand service, or register for special waste handling (e.g., hazardous waste or recyclable bulk items).

[00164] In an embodiment, the user interface module further enables customized scheduling of waste collection. The user interface module displays available time slots based on the vehicle’s optimized routing protocol. The user selects a suitable window, which is logged into a task scheduler linked with the control unit. Internally, the control unit merges multiple user schedules, prioritizes routes, and updates the vehicle’s navigation accordingly. In an embodiment, notifications and reminders are generated by the user interface module and delivered via push notifications, SMS, or in-app alerts.

[00165] In an embodiment, to enhance accessibility, the user interface module includes multi-language support, voice command recognition, and haptic feedback. A built-in microphone and speech processing engine allow users to provide voice commands for quick scheduling or profile updates. Haptic vibrations on the touchscreen confirm user input in noisy environments, while screen readers and audio prompts ensure usability for visually impaired users.

[00166] In an embodiment, a reward module works in conjunction with the user interface module to incentivize proper waste disposal behavior. The reward module is designed to track the quantity and quality of waste contributed by each registered user and translate it into reward points which may later be redeemed for credits, discounts, or benefits as determined by municipal authorities or service providers. Internally, the reward module consists of a data acquisition unit, a computation engine, and a database storage unit.

[00167] The data acquisition unit receives inputs from load sensor 113 on the pickup arrangement 107, weight sensor 504 in the recess 310, and metal detector 126 in the channel 122. These sensors (113, 504, 126) quantify the exact weight and type of waste deposited by each user. The computation engine, implemented in the control unit but logically belonging to the reward module, applies a scoring protocol to calculate points. For example, biodegradable waste may earn baseline points, properly segregated recyclable waste may earn bonus points, and hazardous waste disposed correctly through channels 122 may earn higher incentive points. The protocols can be updated remotely by municipal authorities to align with evolving waste management policies.

[00168] The database storage unit links the calculated reward points with individual user profiles stored in the user interface module. Each transaction is timestamped and geo-tagged using GPS data, ensuring transparency and accountability. The updated reward balance is immediately communicated to the user via the user interface module, allowing real-time tracking of earned points.

[00169] In an embodiment, the reward module employs encrypted data packets during transmission of waste collection records. Fraud prevention arrangements, such as cross-verification of sensor readings, anomaly detection protocols, and profile-based thresholds, are integrated to prevent manipulation of reward points. The reward module thus not only motivates users to participate actively in sustainable waste practices but also provides municipal operators with a measurable record of user contributions, enabling data-driven policy-making.

[00170] For example, if a household contributes 20 kg of properly segregated waste in a week, the control unit assigns them 20 reward points. After a month, they can redeem these points for small benefits, such as discounts on utility bills or vouchers for local shops.

[00171] In an embodiment, a speaker 138 installed on the body 101 to generate audio cues for informing users about waste collection activities. The speaker 138 serves both as an accessibility tool and as a communication medium between the vehicle and the community. The speaker 138 is typically a weatherproof, wide-range audio transducer mounted on the outer surface of the vehicle. The driver element inside the speaker 138 consists of a voice coil, diaphragm, and permanent magnet assembly, which converts electrical signals into audible sound waves with sufficient clarity for outdoor communication.

[00172] The speaker 138 is controlled by an audio processing unit integrated within the control unit that includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a power amplifier, and signal conditioning circuits. Audio cues are stored in digital format within the control unit’s memory and are triggered based on operational conditions. For instance, when the vehicle arrives at a user’s location, the speaker 138 announces a predefined alert such as “Waste collection in progress” or “Please deposit your waste.”

[00173] In an embodiment, the present invention further supports dynamic audio generation. The control unit converts text-based notifications into speech using a text-to-speech (TTS) engine, allowing the vehicle to provide customized or real-time instructions. For example, it may announce the household ID, preferred language, or issue warnings for improper waste disposal.

[00174] The speaker 138 also provides accessibility support for visually impaired individuals who may not be able to use the user interface. Audio prompts ensure that all users, regardless of physical limitations, are aware of the waste collection schedule and vehicle presence.

[00175] In an embodiment, the speaker 138 incorporates a volume regulation circuit linked with ambient noise sensors to avoid noise pollution. In quiet residential areas, the speaker 138 lowers its output, while in busy streets, it amplifies the cues for audibility.

[00176] In an exemplary implementation of the present invention, a plurality of vehicles of the instant invention are implemented as a fleet designated for a specific area, the fleet being controlled by a central control station. In-vehicle sensing arrangements such as a data fetching module interfaced with an ECU (electronic control unit) of the vehicle, continuously transmit vehicle health data to the control station, thus enabling the control station to automatically or manually alter one or more routes of the vehicles to ensure continuous services.

[00177] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , Claims:1) A sustainable automated waste collection vehicle, comprising a mobile body 101 provided with an integrated enclosure 302 for storage of waste, characterised in that:

i) a plurality of wheels 102 powered by at least one prime mover, provided with the vehicle;
ii) a pickup arrangement 107 installed with one of the lateral surface of the body 101, the pickup arrangement 107 comprising:
a pan 108 attached with the lateral surface of the body 101 in an extendable rotatable manner to pick up scattered waste and transfer into the enclosure 302; and
a motorised roller 115 installed over the pan 108, containing a plurality of pneumatic pins 116 provided over the surface of the roller 115 to pull scattered waste onto the pan 108;

iii) a warning arrangement 117 configured to determine unlawful dumping of waste at prohibited locations and generate a warning imprint over the locations as a preventive action;
iv) a multilevel garbage collection channel 122 installed slidably over the body 101 to receive waste from residences of multiple levels, to convey into the enclosure 302 in a segregated manner via a plurality of orifices 123 formed over the body 101;
v) a metal detector 126 installed in the channel 122 detects metal in the received waste to cause the sliding unit 125 to slide the channel 122 to align with orifice 123 corresponding to partition 303 designated to store metallic waste;
vi) a fetching unit (128, 129, 130) installed with the channel 122 to grip waste bins located at various elevations and pour waste into the channel 122;
vii) a conveyor 301 provided within each of the partition 303 of the enclosure 302 to convey the waste for further processing; and
viii) an autonomous segregation unit disposed within each of the partition 303, to detect and isolate hazardous waste, segregate waste based on weight and remove valuable items from the waste.

2) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensing unit 104 comprises an imaging unit 105 mounted over the vehicle to capture images of surroundings of the vehicle to determine obstacles and a LIDAR (light detection and ranging) unit 106 to determine distances of the obstacles from the vehicle.

3) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pickup arrangement 107 further comprises a pair of sliders 109 arranged vertically with the lateral surface of the body 101, a sliding rail 110 attached with the slider 109 by means of a support bar 111, the pan 108 coupled with the sliding rail 110 in a rotatable manner by means of a rotary joint 112 to enable rotation of the pan 108.

4) The vehicle as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a load sensor 113 is embedded over the pan 108 to detect a weight of the waste collected.

5) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a piezoelectric actuator integrated with each of the pneumatic pins 116 to tear open garbage bags.

6) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an RPM (rotations per minute) sensor 114 installed with the pan 108 to enable regulation of rotational speed of the roller 115 in accordance with quantity of waste collected over the pan 108 detected by the load sensor 113.

7) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the warning arrangement 117 comprises a three-axis gantry 118 installed with a lateral surface of the body 101, a spray nozzle 127 connected with the gantry 118 in an articulated manner, in fluid communication with a tank 120 attached with the body 101, stored with paint.

8) The vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the warning arrangement 117 further comprises a GPS (global positioning system) unit 121 installed in the body 101 detecting instant location of the vehicle, in combination with the sensing unit 104, for determination of presence of waste at the prohibited locations based on a predefined database of prohibited locations, connected with a control unit.

9) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pneumatic spikes 124 lined along inner surface of the channel 122 to tear open receive waste.

10) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel 122 is installed over the body 101 by means of a pair of sliding units 125, the channel 122 translated to align with one of the orifices 123 for a segregated storage of the collected metallic and non-metallic waste in a pair of partition 303 formed in the enclosure 302.

11) The vehicle as claimed in claim 11, wherein the channel 122 is installed with the sliding units 125 by means of a pivot assembly 201 to enable the channel 122 to incline for collection of waste from a plurality of elevations.

12) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pivot assembly 201 comprises a pair of rings 202, one of the rings 202 attached with the sliding units 125 and the other of the rings 202 attached with a bottom end of the channel 122, the rings 202 connected to one another by means of pivoted linkages 203.

13) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fetching unit (128, 129, 130) comprises a sliding means 128 disposed along a length of the channel 122, a frame 129 coupled with the sliding means 128, a rotary arm 130 having a clamp 131 at an end, attached with a bottom portion of the frame 129, to grip a waste bin and rotate towards an opening of the channel 122 to collect waste, a holder 135 connected with an upper portion of the frame 129 to hold a handle of the waste bin during collection of garbage.

14) The vehicle as claimed in claim 14, wherein the rotary arm 130 comprises a first link 132 slidably connected with a guide track 133 attached with the frame 129, a second link 134 joined with an end of the track 133 and a proximal region of the first link 132 in a hinged manner, to enable a motion of the clamp 131 attached with the first link 132 towards the opening of the channel 122.

15) The vehicle as claimed in claim 15, wherein the holder 135 comprises a plurality of curved inflatable structures 136, inflated by an inflation unit 137 installed with frame 129 to enclose a handle of the waste bin.

16) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the autonomous segregation unit comprises an inspection unit 304 installed in the enclosure 302 an initial portion of the conveyor 301 to detect hazardous waste, to cause a gripper 305 provided in the enclosure 302 to pick the hazardous waste and place into an insulated compartment 314 disposed in the enclosure 302, a logging module configured with the control unit logs a location at which the hazardous waste was collected along with the time of collection to facilitate future enquiry, an articulated blower 308 arranged along a side of the conveyor 301 to blow air at conveyed waste to displace lighter waste into a chamber 309 positioned at an opposite side of the conveyor 301, a recess 310 provided at an end of the conveyor 301 to receive heavier waste, and a sensing means 501 installed in the recess 310 to detect for valuable items in the waste to cause a grabber 311 installed with the recess 310 to remove the detected valuable items into a separate storage 315 in the enclosure 302 and the logging module to log location and time of collection of the valuable item.

17) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inspection unit 304 comprises a gamma detector, a neutron detector and a Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer to detect for radioactive and explosive substances.

18) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blower 308 is attached in the enclosure 302 by means of a robotic limb 316.

19) The vehicle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a weight sensor 504 integrated with each of the recess 310 to enable monitoring of quantity of waste collected.