Description:FIELD
The present disclosure relates to the field of electrical distribution systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a substation of an electrical distribution system.
BACKGROUND
The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
Presently, substations house essential electrical equipments, including transformers, circuit breakers, switchgears, and the like, and are typically installed above ground. However, in densely populated urban areas, traditional or conventional substations pose significant challenges due to space constraints, safety concerns, and aesthetic issues.
Conventional substations occupy valuable ground space, making them impractical in cities where the ground space is at a premium cost or often not available. The conventional substations also pose potential safety hazards like fire and leakage current in public areas and are vulnerable to water ingress, which can damage the electrical equipments, thereby leading to frequent downtime of the substations.
There is, therefore, felt a need for a substation arrangement, that alleviates the aforementioned drawbacks.
OBJECT
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that can be installed underground to optimize space in urban environments.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that provides a water ingress-proof installation and to protect housed electrical equipment.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that includes a top cover capable of withstanding the weight of vehicles and other heavy loads, making it suitable for installation beneath parking areas or roadways alongside public parks
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that facilitates ventilation and heat dissipation for the housed electrical equipment.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that includes a sump pit with a submersible pump to collect and drain liquids.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that includes support mechanisms to route and support incoming and outgoing cables with keeping sufficient bending radius to optimal stress on cable.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that provides ease of maintenance and operational access for personnel.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that ensures fire safety by including a fire-retardant partition wall accessories of installation and between chambers and providing fire retardant accessories.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that includes electrical equipments which can operate in submersible conditions.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement including side walls that maintain structural integrity under surface and lateral stresses.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a substation arrangement that includes high voltage and low voltage switchgear layout arrangements and termination arrangements suitable for water submersible conditions.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure envisages a substation arrangement. The substation arrangement comprises at least one chamber, at least one electrical equipment, a top cover, a plurality of incoming ports, a plurality of outgoing ports, and a sump pit.
The chamber is defined by side walls and a base. The chamber is a water ingress-proof civil structure. The electrical equipment is housed within the chamber, and the electrical equipment is installed over the base of the chamber. The top cover is configured to cover the chamber. The plurality of incoming ports are provided on at least one of the side walls for entry of a plurality of incoming cables, and the plurality of incoming cables is configured to couple with the electrical equipment. The plurality of outgoing ports are provided on at least one of the side walls for entry of a plurality of outgoing cables, and the plurality of outgoing cables is routed away from the electrical equipment towards the outgoing ports. The sump pit is installed at the bottom of the chamber for collecting and draining ingress liquids.
In an embodiment, the incoming cables are High Tension (HT) cables and the outgoing cables are Low Tension (LT) cables.
In an embodiment, the incoming ports include HDPE pipe sleeves with a diameter of 150 mm–170 mm for incoming cables, and the outgoing ports include HDPE pipe sleeves with a diameter of 120 mm–130 mm for outgoing cables.
In an embodiment, the base of the chamber is 3.5-4.5 meters long and 0.3-0.6 meters thick, and the side walls are 0.2-0.4 meters thick and 3-4 meters in height. The base of the chamber includes at least one platform above its surface for installing the electrical equipment, and the platform has dimensions of 1525 mm x 1350 mm and a height of 150 mm for installing the electrical equipment.
In an embodiment, the electrical equipment is a transformer and is configured to operate in submerged conditions, and employs a KNAN cooling method for heat dissipation.
In an embodiment, the transformer features a Dyn11 vector group for reliable phase shift and balanced load distribution, and the transformer includes a tapping range of +10% to -10% in steps of 2.5% to maintain stable voltage output under varying load conditions; and monitoring sensors including at least one of pressure gauge, winding temperature indicators (WTI), and oil temperature indicators (OTI).
In an embodiment, the electrical equipment is installed with a minimum clearance of 500 mm from the side walls.
In an embodiment, the top cover is a mild steel (MS) grating configured to provide ventilation, withstand load, and dissipate heat generated by the electrical equipment(s), and the top cover has a width of 3-4 meters and a length of 4-5 meters.
In an embodiment, the top surfaces of at least two opposite side walls include at least two parallel channels for resting the top cover.
In an embodiment, one of the side walls includes a plurality of rungs in a staggered configuration for personnel to access the chamber for maintenance and operational tasks, and the rungs are galvanized iron (G.I.) rungs and include handrails.
The present disclosure further envisages a substation arrangement. The substation arrangement comprises a first chamber, a second chamber, a plurality of electrical equipments, a partition wall, a top cover, a plurality of incoming ports, a plurality of outgoing ports, a plurality of support mechanisms, and a sump pit.
The first chamber is defined by side walls and a first base. The second chamber is defined by side walls and a base, and the second chamber includes a first zone and a second zone. The top cover is disposed over the first chamber and the second chamber. The plurality of electrical equipments are housed within the first chamber and the second chamber. The partition wall is configured to separate the first chamber and the second chamber. The partition wall is fire-retardant and configured to prevent fire spread between the chambers. The plurality of incoming ports are provided on at least one side wall of the first chamber for entry of incoming cables and earthing strips, and the plurality of incoming cables and earthing strips are configured to couple with the electrical equipment housed within the first chamber. The plurality of outgoing ports are provided on at least one side wall of the second chamber for entry of outgoing cables and earthing strips, and the plurality of outgoing cables and earthing strips are routed away from the electrical equipment housed within the second chamber towards the outgoing ports. The plurality of support mechanisms are provided on the side walls for routing and supporting incoming cables and outgoing cables respectively. The sump pit is installed at a base of the second chamber for collecting and draining ingress liquids.
In an embodiment, the thickness of the side walls of the first and second chambers gradually increases from the ground surface towards the bases of the first and second chambers and is configured to allow the first chamber and the second chamber to withstand lateral and surface stress for maintaining the structural integrity of the substation arrangement.
In an embodiment, the plurality of electrical equipments comprises a 3-way High Tension (HT) switch, a Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box, and a transformer, and the plurality of electrical equipments are configured to operate in a submersible condition.
In an embodiment, the 3-way HT switch is housed in the first chamber; the LT MCCB box is housed in the second zone of the second chamber; and the transformer is housed in the first zone of the second chamber.
In an embodiment, the base of the first chamber and the base of the second zone of the second chamber are elevated compared to the base of the first zone of the second chamber.
In an embodiment, the plurality of support mechanisms includes cable brackets and cleats. The plurality of support mechanisms includes single cleats for routing HT cables and double cleats for routing LT cables, wherein the cleats are made of fire-retardant material.
In an embodiment, a plurality of rungs in a staggered configuration are provided on the side walls for personnel to access the chambers for maintenance and operational tasks, wherein the rungs are galvanized iron (G.I.) rungs and include handrails.
In an embodiment, the sump pit is configured to collect liquids or oil spills from the transformer.
In an embodiment, a plurality of earth pits is provided outside the substation arrangement for grounding or neutral earthing of body parts of the electrical equipments.
In an embodiment, the 3-way HT switch includes three load break switches with an insulation medium of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas; a vacuum circuit breaker in series with a fast-acting relay for isolation between the transformer and the 3-way HT switch; and a motorized mechanism that is configured to allow operation of the 3-way HT switch from outside the substation arrangement. In an embodiment, the 3-way HT switch and the transformer includes submerged duty terminations on cable interconnections.
In an embodiment, the transformer is a 400 kVA, 22 kV/433 V, ester oil-filled, hermetically sealed transformer configured to operate in submerged conditions and employs a KNAN cooling method for heat dissipation. The transformer includes monitoring sensors, and the monitoring sensors are at least one of winding temperature indicators (WTI), oil temperature indicators (OTI), and a pressure gauge.
In an embodiment, the LT MCCB box encloses a microprocessor-based 4-pole 415 Volts, 630 Ampere LSIG (long time, short time, instantaneous, and ground fault) protection MCCB, and the LT MCCB box is a stainless steel grade SS 314 box.
In an embodiment, the top cover is a mild steel (MS) grating configured to provide ventilation, withstand load, and dissipate heat generated by the electrical equipment.
In an embodiment, the partition wall includes an access passage.
In an embodiment, an auto fire suppression system is installed inside the first chamber and the second chamber.
In an embodiment, the first chamber and the second chamber are provided with access doors respectively, and the access doors are provided with a locking type arrangement for allowing only authorized persons inside the chambers.
In an embodiment, the transformer is mounted on an elevated platform at the base of the first zone of the second chamber.
In an embodiment, the electrical equipments are placed with a minimum clearance of 500 mm from the side walls.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
A substation arrangement, of the present disclosure, will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1A illustrates a sectional view of a substation arrangement, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 1B illustrates a top cover of the substation arrangement of Figure 1A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2A illustrates a top plan view of another substation arrangement, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2B illustrates a sectional plan view of the substation arrangement of Figure 2A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2C illustrates a top plan view of the substation arrangement of Figure 2A showing electrical connections, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Figure 2D illustrates a support mechanism including a single and a double cleat arrangement for routing cables inside the chambers of the substation arrangement of Figure 2A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS USED IN DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND DRAWING
100, 200: Substation arrangement
102: Chamber
102a: Side walls of the chamber
102b: Base of the chamber
102c: Platform for electrical equipment in the chamber
102d: Parallel channels to support the top cover
104: Top cover of the chamber
106: Electrical equipment in the chamber
200: Substation arrangement (another embodiment)
202: First chamber
202a: Side walls of the first chamber
202b: Base of the first chamber
202c: Incoming ports for incoming cables and earthing strips in the first chamber
203: Partition wall between the first and second chambers
204: Second chamber
204a: Side walls of the second chamber
204b: Base of the second chamber
204b-1: Base of the first zone of the second chamber
204b-2: Base of the second zone of the second chamber
204c: Outgoing ports for outgoing cables and earthing strips in the second chamber
206: Top cover
208: Electrical equipments
208a: 3-way High Tension (HT) switch
208b: Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box
208c: Transformer
210: Incoming cables
212: Outgoing cables
214: Support mechanism
216: Rungs
218: Access passage
220: Stairs
222: Access door for first chamber
224: Access door for second chamber
226: Handrails
228a: Single cleat arrangement
228b: Double cleat arrangement
228c: Support brackets
230a: Cut-outs for grounding strips entry
230b: Cut-outs for neutral earthing strips entry
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
When an element is referred to as being "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, it may be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more
The present disclosure envisages a substation arrangement 100, and is explained with respect to Figures 1A-1B. Figure 1A illustrates a sectional view of the substation arrangement 100. Figure 1B illustrates a top cover of the substation arrangement 100 of Figure 1A.
The substation arrangement 100 includes at least one chamber 102, a top cover 104, at least one electrical equipment 106, a plurality of incoming ports, and a plurality of outgoing ports and a sump pit.
The substation arrangement 100 is configured to be an underground installation.
The chamber 102 is a civil structure, with an opening towards the ground surface. In an embodiment, the chamber 102 is a water ingress proof civil structure. The chamber 102 is configured to house at least one electrical equipment 106.
The chamber 102 is defined by side walls 102a and a base 102b. The side walls 102a are configured to provide structural support to the chamber 102. In an embodiment, the base 102b is 3.5-4.5 meters long and 0.3-0.6 meters thick, and the side walls 102a are 0.2-0.4 meters thick and 3-4 meters in height. Preferably, the base 102b is 3.95 meters long and 0.5 meters thick, and the side walls 102a are 0.35 meters thick and 3.57 meters in height.
In an embodiment, at least one of the side walls includes the plurality of incoming ports for the entry of the plurality of incoming cables and at least one of the side walls includes the plurality of outgoing ports for the entry of the plurality of outgoing cables. The plurality of incoming cables is configured to couple with the electrical equipment 106, and the plurality of outgoing cables is routed away from the electrical equipment 106 towards the outgoing ports. The plurality of incoming ports and the plurality of outgoing ports include HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) pipe sleeves for incoming and outgoing cables to pass through the side walls 102a. In an embodiment, the incoming cables are HT (High Tension) cables and the outgoing cables are LT (Low Tension) cables. In an embodiment, the HDPE pipe sleeves of 150 mm – 170 mm diameter are used for the incoming (HT) cables, and the HDPE pipe sleeves of 120 mm – 130 mm diameter are used for the outgoing (LT) cables. Preferably, the HDPE pipe sleeves of 160 mm diameter are used for the incoming (HT) cables, and the HDPE pipe sleeves of 125 mm diameter are used for the outgoing (LT) cables.
In an embodiment, the base 102b of the chamber 102 includes at least one platform 102c above its surface for installing the electrical equipment(s) 106, such as a transformer and the like. Typically, for a 630KVA (11kV/0.433kV) ester oil type transformer the platform with dimensions of 1525 x 1350 mm and a height of 150 mm is provided. The transformer 106 is configured to operate in submerged conditions, with the KNAN (Non-Mineral Oil Natural Air Natural) cooling method ensuring efficient heat dissipation. The tapping range of the transformer 106 is +10% to -10% in steps of 2.5%, allowing voltage adjustment to maintain stable output under varying load conditions. The transformer 106 features a Dyn11 vector group, which is a standard configuration for distribution transformers, providing reliable phase shift and balanced load distribution. The transformer 106 is provided with a pressure gauge which is used for monitoring pressure at submersible conditions. Further, temperature monitoring sensors such as winding temperature indicators (WTI) and oil temperature indicators (OTI) are provided for the monitoring of the temperature of oil in the tank and winding of the transformer.
In an embodiment, the electrical equipments 106 are placed with minimum 500 mm clearances from the side walls 102a.
The opening of the chamber 102 is covered with the top cover 104. The top cover 104 is a MS (Mild Steel) grating top cover. The top cover 104 is configured to provide ventilation to the electrical equipment(s) 106. The top cover 104 is configured to facilitate the dissipation of heat generated by the electrical equipment(s)106, particularly the transformer. The top cover 104 is configured to withstand the significant weight of an average human(s), vehicles, or other heavy objects present in urban environments where the chamber 102 might be installed, for instance beneath parking areas or roadways. In an embodiment, the top cover 104 has a width of 3-4 meters and a length of 4-5 meters. In a working embodiment, the top cover 104 has a width of 3.05 meters and a length of 4.22 meters. In an embodiment, top surfaces of at least two opposite side walls 102 are configured to support at least two parallel channels 102d for resting the top cover 106.
In an embodiment, a sump pit is installed at the bottom of the chamber 102 to collect any ingress liquids that may enter the chamber 102 through the top cover, such as water or fuel. The sump pit is also configured to collect any oil leakages from the transformer. In an embodiment, the sump pit has dimensions of 480 x 480 mm. In an embodiment, the sump pit is equipped with a submersible pump for draining or pumping out the accumulated liquid or oil from the chamber 102
In an embodiment, one of the side walls 102 includes a plurality of rungs to enable personnel to access the chamber 102 for maintenance and operational tasks. The rungs are installed in a staggered configuration. In an embodiment, the rungs are G.I. (Galvanized Iron) rungs. In an embodiment, the rungs include handrails.
The present disclosure further envisages a substation arrangement 200, and is explained with respect to Figures 2A-2D.
Figure 2A illustrates a top plan view of the substation arrangement 200. Figure 2B illustrates a sectional plan view of the substation arrangement 200 of Figure 2A. Figure 2C illustrates a top plan view of the substation arrangement 200 showing electrical connections.
The substation arrangement 200 includes a first chamber 202, a second chamber 204, a top cover 206, a plurality of electrical equipments 208, a plurality of incoming ports 202c, a plurality of outgoing ports 204c, a partition wall 203, a plurality of support mechanisms 214 and a sump pit.
In an embodiment, the plurality of electrical equipments 208 includes a 3- way High Tension (HT) switch 208a, a Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box 208b, and a transformer 208c. In an embodiment, the plurality of electrical equipments 208 is configured to operate in a submersible condition, such as flooding or water logging.
The first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204 are civil structures, with an opening towards the ground surface. In an embodiment, the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204 are a water ingress proof civil structure. The first and the second chambers (202, 204) are configured to house the electrical equipments 208.
The first chamber 202 is defined by side walls 202a and a first base 202b. The second chamber 204 is defined by side walls 204a and a second base 204b. The first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204 are separated by the partition wall 203. In an embodiment, the partition wall 203 is a fire-retardant wall and is configured to prevent any fire spread between the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204. The side walls (202a, 204a) are configured to provide structural support to the first and second chambers (202, 204). In an embodiment, the thickness of the side walls (202a, 204a) of the first and second chambers (202, 204) gradually increases from the ground surface towards the bases (202b, 204b) the first and second chambers (202, 204), allowing the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204 to withstand lateral and surface stress for maintaining the structural integrity.
The first chamber 202 is configured to house the 3-way HT switch 208a. The second chamber 204 is configured to house the LT MCCB box 208b and the transformer 208c. The second chamber 204 has two zones viz., a first zone and a second zone, wherein the first zone includes the transformer 208c and the second zone includes the LT MCCB box 208b. The LT MCCB box 208b is installed on a sidewall 204a of the second chamber 204. The bases (202b, 204b-2) of the first chamber 202 and the second zone of the second chamber 204 are elevated compared to the base 204b-1 of the first zone of the second chamber 204. Typically, the bases (202b, 204b-2) of the first chamber and the second zone of the second chamber are elevated by 1 meter from the base (204b-1) of the first zone of the second chamber 204.
In an embodiment, the first chamber 202 includes at least one 3-way HT switch 208a. Typically, a 27kV, 630A 3-way HT switch is used. The 3-way HT switch 208a is configured to operate in submerged conditions, with the 25kA interrupting capacity and basic insulation level of 125kV. The 3-way HT switch contains three load break switches with an insulation medium of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. One of the 3-way HT switch comes in series with a vacuum circuit breaker with fast acting relay, the same 3-way HT switch is used for the isolation between transformer 208c and 3-way HT switch 208a. The same 3-way HT switch 208a is configured to operate from outside the substation arrangement 100 (Ground level) with the use of a motorized mechanism.
In an embodiment, at least one of the side walls 202a of the first chamber 202 includes the plurality of incoming ports 202c for entry of a plurality of incoming cables and earthing strips, and at least one of the side walls 204a of the second chamber 204 include the plurality of outgoing ports 204c for entry of a plurality of outgoing cables and earthing strips. In an embodiment, in the first chamber, 202, two 120 mm diameter incoming ports 202c are provided for entry of the incoming cables 210, and two 75 mm diameter cut-outs are provided for entry of the earthing strips. In an embodiment, in the second zone of the second chamber, four 120 mm diameter outgoing ports 204c are provided on the side walls 204a for outgoing cables 212 entry, and two 75 mm diameter cut-outs are provided for earthing strips entry. In an embodiment, in the first zone of the second chamber 204 two 75 mm diameter cut-outs 230a are provided on the side walls 204a for transformer 208c grounding strips entry, and two 75 mm diameter cut-outs 230b are provided for transformer 208c neutral earthing strips entry. The plurality of incoming cables 210 and earthing strips are configured to couple with the electrical equipment 208 housed within the first chamber 202 and the plurality of outgoing cables 212 and earthing strips are routed away from the electrical equipments 208 housed within the second chamber (204) towards the outgoing ports 204c. In the first chamber 202, two HT incoming cables 210 of three-cores, 240 sq. mm diameter are terminated at the HT switch 208a, and three HT outgoing cables of one-core, 185 sq. mm diameter from the HT switch 208a are terminated with plug-in type connectors at the primary side of the transformer 208c in the second chamber 204. The plug-in type connectors are touch and water ingress proof. At 3-way HT switch 208a incoming and outgoing ports termination is done using touch and water ingress proof terminations. The three HT outgoing cables from the HT switch are configured to pass through the partition wall 203 to enter into the second chamber 204. Further, at the secondary side of the transformer 204, six LT outgoing cables 212 of four-core, 300 sq. mm diameter (2 cables for each phase) and two LT outgoing cables 212 of 630 sq. mm diameter for neutral are terminated. For the outgoing cables, at the LT side of transformer 208c, connectors are used, which are also touch and water ingress proof. One of the outgoing LT cables 212 of 630 sq. mm is connected to two distinct GI earth strips of size 50mmx10mm. In an embodiment, a plurality of support mechanisms 214 including cable support brackets 228c and cleats (228a, 228b) are provided on the sidewalls (202a, 204a) to carry and route the HT and LT outgoing cables. Figure 2D illustrates the support mechanism 214 including a single and a double cleat arrangement (228a, 228b) for routing the cables inside the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204. The cleats of the cleat arrangements are made of a fire-retardant nylon material. Typically, the single cleat arrangement 228a is used for the HT cable routing and the double cleat arrangement 228b is used for the LT cable routing. In an embodiment, the cable cleats are mounted on support brackets 228c, and are spaced 600 mm apart to provide adequate support to the cables. In an embodiment, the 3-way HT switch 208a and the transformer 208c includes submerged duty terminations on cable interconnections.
In an embodiment, the base (204b—1) of the first zone of the second chamber 204 includes at least one platform above its surface for installing the transformer 208c. Typically, a 400 kVA, 22kV/433V, ester oil-filled, hermetically sealed transformer is used. The transformer 208c is configured to operate in submerged conditions, with the KNAN Non-Mineral Oil Natural Air Natural cooling method ensuring efficient heat dissipation. The transformer’s tapping range is +10% to -10% in steps of 2.5%, allowing voltage adjustment to maintain stable output under varying load conditions. The transformer 208c features a Dyn11 vector group, which is a standard configuration for distribution transformers, providing reliable phase shift and balanced load distribution. The transformer 208c is provided with a pressure gauge which is used for monitoring pressure at submersible conditions. Further, temperature monitoring sensors such as winding temperature indicators (WTI) and oil temperature indicators (OTI) are provided for the monitoring of the temperature of oil in the tank and winding of the transformer.
In an embodiment, the base (204b—2) of the second zone of the second chamber 204. The LT MCCB box 208b is installed on a sidewall 204a of the second chamber 204. Typically, 4 pole 415 v, 630A LSIG (long time, short time, instantaneous, and ground fault) protection microprocessor based MCCB is enclosed in the LT MCCB box 208b. The LT MCCB box 208b is configured to operate in submerged conditions. The LT MCCB box 208b is configured to operate from outside of the substation arrangement 100 (Ground level) with use of the motorized mechanism housed in stainless steel with a grade of SS 314. For the termination of six LT incoming and outgoing cables 212 of four-core, 300 sq. mm diameter (2 cables for each phase) and one LT outgoing cable 212 of 630 sq. mm diameter for neutral IP 67 waterproof cable glands are provided.
An outside of the substation arrangement 100, a plurality of earth pits are provided for the grounding of a body part of the electrical equipments such as the 3-way HT switch 208a, a Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box) 208b, and a transformer 208c and for the neutral earthing purpose of a transformer (208c).
In an embodiment, Galvanized Iron (GI) strips are provided with a size of 50mmX10mm. The plurality of GI strips are used for the grounding of body parts of electrical equipment 3-way HT switch 208a, a Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box) 208b, and a transformer 208c. For a transformer 208c neutral earthing purpose multiple GI strips are used.
In an embodiment, the electrical equipments 208a and 208c are placed with a minimum 500 mm clearance from the side walls (202a, 204a).
The opening of the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204 are covered with the top cover 206. The top cover 206 is a MS (Mild Steel) grating on the top of the chambers (202, 204), similar to the top cover 104 shown in Figure 1B. The top cover 206 is configured to provide ventilation to the electrical equipments 208. The top cover 206 is configured to facilitate the dissipation of heat generated by the electrical equipments 208, particularly the HT switch 208a, the LT MCCB 208b, and transformer 208c. The top cover 206 is configured to withstand the significant weight of an average human(s), vehicles, or other heavy objects present in urban environments where the chambers (202, 204) might be installed, for instance beneath parking areas or roadways or public and private parks. In an embodiment, at least two opposite side walls (202a, 204a) are configured to support at least two parallel channels for resting the top cover 206.
In an embodiment, at the bottom of the second chamber 204, a sump pit is installed to collect any ingress liquids that may enter the second chamber through the top cover, such as the water. The sump pit is configured to collect oil that might have spilled out from the transformer 208c. In an embodiment, the sump pit is equipped with a submersible pump for draining or pumping out the accumulated liquid or oil from the chamber.
In an embodiment, at least one of the side walls (202a, 204a) includes a plurality of rungs 216 to enable personnel to access the chambers (202, 204) for maintenance and operational tasks. The rungs 216 are installed in a staggered configuration. In an embodiment, the rungs 216 are G.I. (Galvanized Iron) rungs with handrails.
In an embodiment, the rungs 216 with handrails, the support mechanisms 214, and the top cover 206 are coated with paint to prevent rusting.
In an embodiment, the partition wall 203 between the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204 includes an access passage 218. In an embodiment, access doors (222, 224) are provided to entry in first chamber 202 and second chamber 204. The access door (222, 224) is provided with a locking type arrangement for allowing only authorized persons inside the chambers (202, 204). In an embodiment, the first zone of the second chamber 204 includes stairs 220 with handrails 226 to facilitate the personnel to navigate across the chambers (202, 204).
In an embodiment, an auto fire suppression system is installed inside the first chamber 202 and the second chamber 204.
In an embodiment, the electrical equipment's such as the 3-way HT switch 208a, a Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box 208b, and a transformer 208c are provided with labels and markings for ease of operation.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, a substation arrangement, that:
• can be installed underground to optimize space in urban environments;
• provides a water ingress-proof civil structure to protect housed electrical equipment;
• includes a top cover capable of withstanding the weight of vehicles and other heavy loads, making it suitable for installation beneath parking areas or roadways;
• facilitates ventilation and heat dissipation for the housed electrical equipments;
• includes a sump pit with a submersible pump to collect and drain liquids;
• includes support mechanisms to route and support incoming and outgoing cables while keeping sufficient bending radius to optimal stress on cable;
• provides ease of maintenance and operational access for personnel;
• ensures fire safety by including fire-retardant accessories of installation and partition wall between chambers;
• includes electrical equipment that can operate in submersible conditions; and
• includes side walls that maintain structural integrity under surface and lateral stresses.
The foregoing disclosure has been described with reference to the accompanying embodiments which do not limit the scope and ambit of the disclosure. The description provided is purely by way of example and illustration.
The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveals the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.
The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation. , Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. A substation arrangement (100) comprising:
o at least one chamber (102) defined by side walls (102a) and a base (102b), said chamber (102) being a water ingress-proof civil structure;
o at least one electrical equipment (106) housed within said chamber (102), and said electrical equipment (106) is installed over said base (102b) of said chamber (102);
o a top cover (104) configured to cover said chamber (102);
o a plurality of incoming ports provided on at least one of said side walls (102a) for entry of a plurality of incoming cables, and said plurality of incoming cables are configured to couple with said electrical equipment (106);
o a plurality of outgoing ports provided on at least one of said side walls (102a) for entry of a plurality of outgoing cables, and said plurality of outgoing cables are routed away from said electrical equipment (106) towards the outgoing ports; and
o a sump pit installed at the bottom of said chamber (102) for collecting and draining ingress liquids.
2. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said incoming cables are High Tension (HT) cables and said outgoing cables are Low Tension (LT) cables.
3. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said incoming ports include HDPE pipe sleeves with a diameter of 150 mm–170 mm for incoming cables, and said outgoing ports include HDPE pipe sleeves with a diameter of 120 mm–130 mm for outgoing cables.
4. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base (102b) of said chamber (102) is 3.5-4.5 meters long and 0.3-0.6 meters thick, and the side walls (102a) are 0.2-0.4 meters thick and 3-4 meters in height.
5. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base (102b) of said chamber (102) includes at least one platform (102c) above its surface for installing said electrical equipment (106), and said platform (102c) has dimensions of 1525 mm x 1350 mm and a height of 150 mm for installing said electrical equipment (106).
6. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical equipment (106) is a transformer (106) is configured to operate in submerged conditions, and employs a KNAN cooling method for heat dissipation.
7. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein said transformer (106) features a Dyn11 vector group for reliable phase shift and balanced load distribution, and said transformer (106) includes:
o a tapping range of +10% to -10% in steps of 2.5% to maintain stable voltage output under varying load conditions; and
o monitoring sensors including at least one of pressure gauge, winding temperature indicators (WTI), and oil temperature indicators (OTI).
8. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical equipment (106) is installed with a minimum clearance of 500 mm from said side walls (102a).
9. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said top cover (104) is a mild steel (MS) grating configured to provide ventilation, withstand load, and dissipate heat generated by said electrical equipment(s) (106), and said top cover (104) has a width of 3-4 meters and a length of 4-5 meters.
10. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said top surfaces of at least two opposite side walls (102a) include at least two parallel channels (102d) for resting said top cover (104).
11. The substation arrangement (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of said side walls (102a) includes a plurality of rungs in a staggered configuration for personnel to access the chamber (102) for maintenance and operational task, and said rungs are galvanized iron (G.I.) rungs and include handrails.
12. A substation arrangement (200) comprising:
o a first chamber (202) defined by side walls (202a) and a first base (202b);
o a second chamber (204) defined by side walls (204a) and base (204b), and said second chamber includes a first zone and a second zone;
o a top cover (206) disposed over said first chamber (202) and said second chamber (204);
o a plurality of electrical equipments (208) housed within said first chamber (202) and said second chamber (204);
o a partition wall (203) separating said first chamber (202) and said second chamber (204), said partition wall (203) being fire-retardant and configured to prevent fire spread between said chambers (202, 204);
o a plurality of incoming ports (202c) provided on at least one side wall (202a) of said first chamber (202) for entry of incoming cables (210) and earthing strips, and said plurality of incoming cables (210) and earthing strips are configured to couple with said electrical equipment (208) housed within said first chamber (202);
o a plurality of outgoing ports (204c) provided on at least one side wall (204a) of said second chamber (204) for entry of outgoing cables (212) and earthing strips, and said plurality of outgoing cables (212) and earthing strips are routed away from said electrical equipment (208) housed within said second chamber (204) towards said outgoing ports (204c);
o a plurality of support mechanisms (214) provided on said side walls (202a, 204a) for routing and supporting incoming cables (210) cables and outgoing cables (212) respectively; and
o a sump pit installed at a base (204b) of said second chamber (204) for collecting and draining ingress liquids.
14. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein thickness of said side walls (202a, 204a) of said first and second chambers (202, 204) gradually increases from the ground surface towards said bases (202b, 204b) of the first and second chambers (202, 204), and configured to allow said first chamber (202) and said second chamber (204) to withstand lateral and surface stress for maintaining the structural integrity of said substation arrangement (200).
15. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, said plurality of electrical equipments (208) comprises a 3- way High Tension (HT) switch (208a), a Low Tension (LT) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) box (208b), and a transformer (208c), and said plurality of electrical equipments (208) are configured to operate in a submersible condition.
16. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein:
• said 3-way HT switch (208a) housed in said first chamber (202);
• said LT MCCB box (208b) housed in said second zone of said second chamber (204); and
• said transformer (208c) housed in said first zone of said second chamber (204).
17. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said base (202b) of said first chamber (202) and a base (204b-2) of said second zone of said second chamber (204) are elevated compared to a base (204b-1) of said first zone of said second chamber (204).
18. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said plurality of support mechanisms (214) includes cable brackets (228c) and cleats (228a, 228b), and said plurality of support mechanisms (214) includes single cleats (228a) for routing HT cables (210), and double cleats (228b) for routing LT cables (212), wherein the cleats (228a, 228b) are made of fire-retardant material.
19. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein a plurality of rungs (216) in a staggered configuration are provided on said side walls (202a, 204a) for personnel to access said chambers (202, 204) for maintenance and operational tasks, wherein said rungs are galvanized iron (G.I.) rungs and include handrails (226).
20. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said sump pit is configured to collect liquids or oil spills from said transformer (208c).
21. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein a plurality of earth pits is provided outside said substation arrangement (200) for grounding or neutral earthing of body parts of said electrical equipments (208).
22. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said 3-way HT switch (208a) includes:
o three load break switches with an insulation medium of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas;
o a vacuum circuit breaker in series with fast-acting relay for isolation between said transformer (208c) and said 3-way HT switch (208a); and
o a motorized mechanism configured to allow operation of said 3-way HT switch (208a) from outside the substation arrangement (200).
23. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said 3-way HT switch (208a) and said transformer (208c) includes submerged duty terminations on cable interconnections.
24. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said transformer (208c) is a 400 kVA, 22kV/433V, ester oil-filled, hermetically sealed transformer configured to operate in submerged conditions and employs KNAN cooling method for heat dissipation.
25. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said transformer (208c) includes monitoring sensors, and the monitoring sensors are at least one of winding temperature indicators (WTI), oil temperature indicators (OTI), and a pressure gauge.
26. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said LT MCCB box (208b) encloses a microprocessor-based 4-pole 415 Volts, 630 Ampere LSIG (long time, short time, instantaneous, and ground fault) protection MCCB, and the LT MCCB box (208b) is stainless steel grade SS-314 box.
27. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said top cover (206) is a mild steel (MS) grating configured to provide ventilation, withstand load, and dissipate heat generated by said electrical equipments (208).
28. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said partition wall (203) includes an access passage (218).
29. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein an auto fire suppression system is installed inside said first chamber (202) and said second chamber (204).
30. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said first chamber (202) and said second chamber (204) are provided with access doors (222, 224) respectively, and said access doors (222, 224) are provided with a locking type arrangement for allowing only authorized persons inside said chambers (202, 204).
31. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said transformer (208c) is mounted on an elevated platform at said base (204b-1) of the first zone of the second chamber (204).
32. The substation arrangement (200) as claimed in claim 12, wherein said electrical equipments (208a, 208c) are placed with a minimum clearance of 500 mm from said side walls (202a, 204a).
Dated this 18th Day of February 2025

_______________________________
MOHAN RAJKUMAR DEWAN, IN/PA – 25
OF R. K. DEWAN & CO.
AUTHORIZED AGENT OF APPLICANT