FORM 2
The Patents Act 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patent Rules 20035
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and rule 13)
TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
AN APPARATUS FOR WATER-BASED POWER GENERATION10
APPLICANT:
NAME : RAJESH GUPTA
NATIONALITY : INDIAN15
ADDRESS : B2005, GIRIJA BUILDING, NEELKANTH HEIGHTS, POKHRAN ROAD NO.2,
NEAR UPVAN LAKE, THANE – WEST 400610
PREAMBLE OF THE DESCRIPTION:
THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE
MANNER IN WHICH IT IS PERFORMED
A) TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The present invention generally relates to the field of sustainable power generation
systems. The present invention more particularly relates to a novel water-based
mechanism that generates electricity using controlled water flow and rotational motion
initiated by opening a tap from the overhead tank.5
B) BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] The demand for sustainable and efficient power generation systems has significantly
increased in recent years due to the depletion of fossil fuels, rising energy costs, and
environmental concerns. Conventional methods of power generation often rely on10
complex machinery, non-renewable energy sources, or high-powered mechanisms, which
are not only expensive but also environmentally detrimental.
[003] In rural and remote areas, access to reliable power generation systems remains a
challenge due to limited infrastructure and resources. Additionally, in industrial settings
and critical facilities, there is a growing need for backup systems that are cost-effective,15
easy to maintain, and environmentally friendly.
[004] Renewable energy solutions such as solar and wind have made significant
advancements, but they are often subject to limitations such as weather dependency and
high initial investment costs. To address these challenges, a simpler, scalable, and eco-
friendly solution is required.20
[005] The present invention introduces a water-based power generation mechanism that
operates without relying on weighted objects or buoyant materials. By utilizing controlled
water flow and rotational motion initiated by opening a tap from the overhead tank, this
invention offers a sustainable and efficient approach to power generation. The system is
designed for adaptability and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for a wide range of25
applications, including rural electrification, industrial power systems, and backup energy
solutions.
C) OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[006] The primary object of the present invention is to develop a water-based power30
generation mechanism that utilizes controlled water transfer between interconnected
tanks to achieve rotational motion and generate electricity.
[007] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a modular and scalable
system, allowing for the customization of tank configurations and power output levels to
suit various industrial, residential, and rural electrification needs.35
3
[008] Yet another object of the present invention is to design the system for adaptability
across diverse applications, including use in industrial facilities, rural power systems, and
backup energy supply chains.
[009] Yet another object of the present invention is to enhance energy efficiency by
optimizing the rotational components and water flow dynamics, reducing energy losses5
during operation.
[010] Yet another object of the present invention is to create an eco-friendly power
generation solution, leveraging water as the primary working medium and opening a tap
from the overhead tank to minimize carbon emissions and environmental impact.
[011] Yet another object of the present invention is to ensure system reliability and ease10
of operation, with features that allow for seamless water flow regulation, straightforward
setup, and minimal maintenance.
[012] Yet another object of the present invention is to offer a sustainable alternative to
traditional power generation systems, addressing challenges such as high operational
costs, dependency on fossil fuels, and weather-based limitations of other renewable15
energy solutions.
[013] These and other objects and advantages of the embodiments herein will become
readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
20
D) SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[014] Various embodiments of the present invention disclose a novel water-based power
generation mechanism that operates solely through the controlled flow of water and
rotational motion initiated by flow of water on the interconnected containers on the
Wheel.25
[015] The system comprises interconnected container designed for controlled water
transfer, and components for initiating and sustaining rotational motion.
[016] The invention's modular design allows for scalability and adaptability, making it
suitable for various applications, including rural electrification, industrial power
generation, and emergency backup systems. The system's reliance on water as the30
primary working medium and minimal energy input ensures cost-effectiveness and
environmental sustainability.
[017] According to one of the embodiments of the present invention, the system includes
arrangement to facilitate the controlled flow of water. These containers are strategically
positioned to optimize rotational motion and energy transfer.35
4
[018] According to another one of the embodiments of the present invention, the Valves,
and locks are integrated to manage the flow of water between containers and tanks,
allowing precise control over the rotation and energy output.
[020] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the rotational5
motion, driven by the controlled water flow, powers a generator that converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy.
[021] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the primary
reservoir, i.e. bottom tank serves as the foundation of the mechanism, acting as the main
storage for water. It is structurally designed to accommodate significant volumes of water10
required for initiating and maintaining the system's continuous motion. The tank's base
integrates channels that direct water upward to refill the containers at the top, enabling
continuous rotation.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention a big overhead tank serves
as the main supplying water tank to the containers of the mechanism. It is structurally15
designed to accommodate significant volume of water required for initiating and
maintaining the systems continuous motion.
[022] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the top containers
are small, strategically positioned at the upper section of the mechanism to leverage
gravitational force. These containers are partially or full filled with water from the20
Overhead tank through a regulated system. Their design balances weight and volume to
optimize the rotational dynamics of the system. The placement of these containers at
precise intervals along the rotational axis ensures uniform motion and energy transfer.
[023] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a central rotational
axis connects the top containers and transmits the rotational force to the generator. The25
axis is supported by a durable framework that minimizes resistance and friction,
enhancing the efficiency of motion. Bearings and counterweights within the framework
are optimized to maintain balance and stability during operation.
[024] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, attached to the
rotational axis is a power generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical30
energy. The generator utilizes high-efficiency components to maximize energy output
while minimizing losses. The rotational speed and torque generated by the motion of the
containers are directly transferred to the generator, ensuring a steady production of
electricity.
[025] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the mechanism is35
entirely self-sustaining, operating without external energy inputs. The continuous motion
5
is initiated by the water's gravitational force and the precise operation of the gating
system. This unique design eliminates the need for motors, batteries, or other external
power sources, making it highly efficient and environmentally sustainable.
[026] According to yet another object of the present invention, safety mechanisms, such
as overflow protection and automatic shutoff systems, are integrated to prevent5
operational failures. These features monitor water levels, flow rates, and system
performance, ensuring reliable and uninterrupted operation.
[027] These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated and
understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the
accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following10
descriptions, while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details
thereof, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and
modifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments herein without
departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments herein include all such
modifications.15
E) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[028] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the water-based power generation
mechanism, showing interconnected containers, opening mechanisms, and components
powered by opening a tap from the overhead tank for rotational motion and power20
generation.
Figure 2 Multiple Wheels connected with multiple tanks
F) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[029] In the following detailed description, a reference is made to the accompanying25
drawings that form a part hereof, and in which the specific embodiments that may be
practiced is shown by way of illustration. The embodiments are described in sufficient
detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and it is to be
understood that the logical, mechanical and other changes may be made without
departing from the scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is30
therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense.
[030] The water-based power generation mechanism is designed with an innovative
structural configuration to ensure efficient energy conversion and seamless operation.
The components are arranged to maximize energy transfer while maintaining simplicity,
6
cost-effectiveness, and ease of maintenance. The following elaborates on the critical
structural aspects:
i. The bottom reservoir tank is the primary storage unit for water, acting as the system's
core medium for initiating and maintaining operation. Constructed from durable, non-
corrosive materials, the tank is designed to handle large volumes of water. Its structural5
integrity ensures minimal water loss, resistance to pressure variations, and longevity
under continuous operational conditions. The tank's structure is optimized to promote
efficient water flow into connected conduits, ensuring consistent transfer to the system's
upper levels. Its base incorporates strategically placed openings and connections to pump
or siphon water into the overhead tank. The water is transferred through my other10
invention of buoyancy.
ii. The containers are smaller chambers positioned at specific intervals along a circular
path at the upper section of the mechanism. These containers are engineered to hold a
measured quantity of water transferred from the overhead tank. Their purpose is to
create an imbalance through gravitational pull, which initiates and sustains the rotational15
motion of the system. The containers are lightweight yet robust, ensuring durability while
maintaining operational efficiency. Their interior surfaces are treated to reduce friction
and prevent water adhesion, allowing efficient drainage during operation. Arranged
symmetrically along the rotational axis, the containers' placement is crucial for
maintaining system balance and achieving optimal rotational torque. The design ensures20
that as one side fills with water, the resulting weight differential drives the system's
rotation.
iii. The rotational axis is a central component that connects the system’s top containers
and drives the generator. Supported by a robust framework, the axis is designed to handle
high torque levels while minimizing mechanical resistance. The axis and supporting25
framework are made from high-strength alloys or composite materials, offering durability
and resistance to wear over prolonged use. Bearings and Stabilizers: Gear System,
Precision bearings reduce friction and enhance rotational efficiency, while stabilizers
maintain the system's balance during operation.
iv. The power generation unit converts the gravitational rotational motion into usable30
electrical energy. The rotational axis is connected to a gear system to increase its speed
and then the gear system is connected to the generator, ensuring efficient energy
transfer. The generator uses high-efficiency components to maximize energy conversion.
Features such as reduced electromagnetic losses and advanced cooling systems
contribute to its performance. The output can be tailored based on system size, Gear35
system and rotational speed, making the unit adaptable to various energy demands.
7
[031] The operational workflow of the water-based power generation mechanism can be
summarized through the following sequential steps, which illustrate the interplay of water
flow, gravity, and rotation to achieve continuous power generation:
i. Step 1: Initial Water Filling in the Bottom Reservoir
The operation begins by filling water into the bottom reservoir tank. This tank acts as the5
primary storage for the working fluid (water) and serves as the system's energy source.
The reservoir is designed with sufficient capacity to ensure a continuous supply of water
during operation.
The structural design of the reservoir includes outlet points that connect to the conduits
and gate mechanisms responsible for transferring water to the upper sections of the10
system. A big overhead tank which is structurally designed to accommodate significant
volume of water. The water is transferred to overhead tank through my buoyancy based
invention.
ii. Step 2: Partial or Full Filling of Containers
Water from the bottom reservoir is transferred to the overhead tank through a system of15
pipes and gate mechanisms.
The top containers, positioned symmetrically around the rotational axis, are partially or
full filled with water. This strategic filling creates an imbalance in weight distribution,
leveraging gravitational force to initiate rotational motion.
The volume of water filled into the top containers is calibrated to achieve optimal torque20
while maintaining system stability.
iii. Step 3: Initiation of Rotational Motion
The imbalance caused by the filled top containers generates a downward gravitational
pull, which initiates the rotation of the mechanism. The Left side of the container are filled
with water while right side container on the wheel are empty.25
The rotation is facilitated by a low-friction axis and supporting bearings, ensuring smooth
and efficient movement.
The initial rotational motion is self-sustaining once the cycle begins, as the system
continually redistributes water between the top and bottom sections.
iv. Step 4: Water emptied out at the Bottom30
As the mechanism rotates, the containers that reach the bottom position align with
openings or nozzles in the bottom reservoir.
8
The Left side container water emptied out when it comes downside.
Now, the Left side containers comes to the right side of the wheel and these containers
travel empty when they reach at the top then the water filled up from the overhead tank.
The precise alignment of the containers with the bottom reservoir ensures minimal
spillage and maximum efficiency in water transfer.5
v. Step 5: Continuous Water Flow and Rotation
The system is designed to maintain continuous motion through the synchronized
operation of water transfer, gravity-driven rotation, and container refill cycles.
The continuous flow of water between the top containers and the bottom reservoir
sustains the rotation without external energy input. A Large quantity of water can be10
stored in a big overhead tank to be used for continuous operation of generating electricity.
The water is transferred to overhead tank through my buoyancy based invention.
The arrangement and timing of water transfer ensure that the system remains balanced
while producing sufficient torque to drive the generator.
vi. Step 6: Electricity Generation15
The rotational motion is harnessed by a generator connected to the Gear system. A gear
system is employed to increase the speed of central axis and thus connected to the
generator.
The generator converts the mechanical energy of rotation into electrical energy, which
can be utilized directly or stored for future use.20
Power Plant Torque Calculation
1. Water in each container – 250 Litre or 250 Kg
2. Radius of Wheel – 3 Meter
3. Number of containers on the wheel total 40 and Left side 20 can generate a Torque
of Approximate 150 Knm25
vii. Step 7: System Maintenance and Self-Sustainability
The system operates autonomously once initiated, requiring minimal human intervention
for routine maintenance.
The self-sustaining nature of the mechanism eliminates the need for external power30
sources such as motors or batteries, making it highly cost-effective and environmentally
friendly.
9
[032] The present invention of water-based power generation mechanism offers numerous
advantages:
• Continuous Operation: The system operates continuously without requiring external
energy inputs, making it self-sustaining and highly reliable.
• Eco-Friendly Performance: By utilizing water as the working medium and eliminating5
the use of fossil fuels or hazardous chemicals, the mechanism minimizes
environmental impact and promotes sustainability.
• Cost-Effectiveness: The design avoids expensive components like motors or batteries,
reducing overall system costs and maintenance requirements.
• Versatility and Adaptability: The scalable and modular configuration allows for10
customization to meet specific energy demands, making it suitable for a wide range of
applications.
• Energy Efficiency: The mechanism leverages gravitational force and optimized water
flow dynamics to achieve high energy output with minimal losses.
• Simplified Maintenance: The absence of complex machinery ensures easy15
maintenance and enhances operational longevity.
These advantages make the invention a groundbreaking solution in the field of renewable
energy, addressing both current energy challenges and future demands.

WE CLAIM:
1. An apparatus for water-based power generation, comprising:
a plurality of interconnected tanks including a bottom reservoir tank and an overhead tank;
a plurality of rotational containers disposed on a wheel assembly and operatively positioned
along a rotational axis;
a generator connected to the rotational axis for converting mechanical energy into electrical
energy;
and a self-sustaining water transfer mechanism,
characterized in that:
the partial or complete filling of the rotational containers from the overhead tank induces a
gravitational torque to initiate and sustain rotational motion of the wheel assembly;
water is discharged from the containers into the bottom reservoir after rotation, and then
recirculated to the overhead tank via an external buoyancy-based water transfer system;
and electrical energy is generated solely by the gravitationally driven rotational motion of
the containers without requiring motors, external energy inputs, or weighted
counterbalances.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interconnected tanks comprise:
a structurally reinforced bottom reservoir tank configured to store discharged water;
a large-capacity overhead tank designed to supply water to the top containers;
and conduits interconnecting said tanks for regulated water flow through valves and gating
systems.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotational containers are mounted
symmetrically around the wheel and are strategically filled to create weight imbalance,
thereby generating torque about the central rotational axis.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotational axis is supported by a bearing-
equipped structural frame and is configured to transmit rotational energy through a gear
system to the generator, thereby increasing rotational speed and optimizing energy output.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein water flow between the overhead tank and
containers is controlled by a set of automated or manual valves to regulate flow rate, filling
time, and torque generation for continuous and balanced rotation.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the materials used in construction are
corrosion-resistant and selected to withstand long-term exposure to water flow, pressure
variations, and mechanical stress.
7. A method for generating electricity using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(a) filling the bottom reservoir tank with water;
(b) transferring water to the overhead tank using a buoyancy-based mechanism;
(c) partially or fully filling the rotational containers from the overhead tank to induce
gravitational torque;
(d) allowing the rotational motion of the wheel to drive a generator via the rotational axis
and gear system; and
(e) converting the resulting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising the step of emptying the containers
into the bottom reservoir upon completing the rotational cycle and repeating the water
transfer cycle to maintain continuous motion.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the system maintains rotational stability and efficiency through precision-aligned bearings, load-balanced container configuration, and
regulated water distribution timing.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the apparatus is modular and scalable, adaptable
for varied energy demands including rural electrification, emergency backup power, and
decentralized industrial applications.