Description:
FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENT RULES, 2003

Complete Specification
(See section 10 and rule 13)

1.Title of the Invention:

A POSITIVE IMPACT OF YOGA ON HIV/AIDS

2. Applicants
Name Nationality Address
Kalinga University Indian Naya Raipur -492101 Chhattisgarh

3. Preamble to the Description:
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

4. DESCRIPTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related to the field of therapy and in particular to yoga therapy.
.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The primary focus of this study is to provide a detailed explanation of the relationship between two important concepts: yoga therapy and HIV/AIDS. The four phases of HIV infection are also covered, along with symptoms including severe weakness or exhaustion and abrupt weight loss. Every human is susceptible to AIDS, an immune system deficiency brought on by an excess of CD4 cells. The article explains the potential effects of HIV on the body as well as preventative measures. Another is yoga. It also emphasizes the eight stages and their respective characters. This essay explores the various mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual advantages that yoga can offer. Asanas can improve one's physical strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Emotional stabilization is another benefit of yoga. In this study, the primary benefits of yoga for AIDS are discussed. Yoga reduces anxiety, helps people manage their stress, and is an exercise program that can be customized to a person's energy and endurance level. Lastly, yoga treatment has a great impact on the patient to combat feelings of hopelessness and sadness and even to the point of fostering a positive outlook on life.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Introduction
The goal of yoga is to bring the individual self (Jiva) and the ultimate or pure consciousness (Brahma) together. Unification is the factual meaning of yoga. A spirit freed from all feeling of division is one who merges in this static actuality. As yoga transforms psychological and physical force into spiritual energy, it is currently believed to be one of the most beneficial and healthful experiences for managing the influence of thinking. Yoga treatment helps one release tightness in the body and improves focus. Yoga therapy slows down ageing and heals all ailments1.
AIDS is among the deadliest and most devastating illnesses in human history. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. HIV kills CD4 helper lymphocytes, a
particular class of defence cell in the body. The immune system, which is the body's line of defence against infectious diseases, includes these cells. However, HIV depletes these lymphocytes, making infected individuals more susceptible to dangerous infections that they otherwise wouldn't contract. This leads to immunodeficiency. This illness is known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. The first cases of AIDS were discovered by American physicians in New York and San Francisco more than 20 years ago. Currently, an estimated 42 million individuals worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS, and the disease claims the lives of over 3 million people annually. Every year, hundreds of teenagers in the United States contract HIV. With increased understanding of HIV's mechanism of action, pharmaceutical companies have been able to create inhibitors. People with the condition now survive much longer thanks to these medications' ability in delaying the disease's progression. However, HIV/AIDS currently has no known treatment.
YOGA
Yoga is the practice of being one with one's inner self. After the duality of matter and consciousness is dissolved into the ultimate reality, there is unity. Asana is not a religion. It is a technique for gaining command over one's hidden abilities. It is a way to achieve total self- realization. Yoga teaches both the physical and mental retraining of an individual. It's the same as working with wisdom or living skillfully among activities, moderation and harmony.
In order to ensure body, mind, and soul cleanliness, Yoga is composed of eight steps. They are
• Yama
• Niyama
• Asana
• Pranayama
• Pratyahara
• Dharna
• Dhyana and
• Samathi.

YAMA (Social Discipline)
Yama denotes self-control or nonattendance. There are five moral precepts in it.
• Non – Violence [Ahimsa]
• Truthfulness [Sathya]
• Nonstealing [Asteya]
• Celibacy [Bramacharya] – doesn’t not mean like long celibacy but moderation in sex between married couples.
NIYAMA (Individual self-Discipline)
Niyama means physical and mental rules of conduct towards one self.
• Cleanliness – Purification of body and mind
• Self-satisfaction
• Simplicity
• Self study
• Surrender of God.
ASANAS
Asanas refers to maintaining a specific body alignment for the purpose of promoting mental and physical equilibrium.
PRANAYAMA (Yogic Breathing)
Pranayama refers to breath regulation and control. Breathing in moderation and focusing to control vital power. Pranayama comes from the Sanskrit terms Ayma, which means control, and Prana, which means life energy. Thus, to describe Pranayama in its broadest sense would be to regulate the flow of life force. Pranayama improves both the mental and physical capacities for endurance. The nervous system is completely relaxed as a result. It aids in improving the brain's oxygen supply, which aids in mental control.
The important components of Pranayama are
• Pooraka means To in hale
• Rechaka means Exhale
• Kumbhaka means To retain the breath
In addition to improving vital capacity, breathing techniques strengthen all of the respiratory muscles.

PRATYAHARA (Discipline of the senses)
The mental process of distancing itself from the influence of sense perception and external objects. The feeling is being suppressed by this procedure.
DHARNA (Concentration)
It entails concentrating the unadulterated mind on one's own divinity or unique self. Dharna practice facilitates mental focus on a certain object.
DHYANA (Meditation)
The practice of meditation is very spiritual and intimate. Every meditation practice aims to completely alter one's mental state in order to direct awareness in a more constructive path. A well-researched alternative therapy is meditation.
SAMATHI OR NIRVANA (Self-Realization)
Ultimate contentment, devoid of joy, suffering, and anxieties. The Dhayana's climax is Samadhi.
HIV / AIDS
The human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the cause of AIDS, which stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. When there is significant immune system damage, HIV illness progresses to AIDS.
The Four Stages of HIV infection
1. Primary
2. Asymptomatic
3. Symptomatic
4. AIDS
STAGE 1: PRIMARY HIV INFECTION
Primary infection refers to HIV infection at its first stage. A person's primary infection starts soon after they contract HIV for the first time. A few weeks are spent in this phase. People have symptoms that are comparable to the flu during this time.
STAGE 2: ASYMPTOMATIC HIV
While HIV levels in the blood are very low but still detectable, people in the second stage do not exhibit any symptoms of the virus. Positive results will be obtained from any HIV test that is conducted. In spite of the person's lack of symptoms, HIV is continuously replicating in their blood. Although it can vary greatly depending on the individual, this stage typically lasts ten years.
STAGE 3: SYMTOMATIC HIV
Third-stage symptoms are characterized by the immune system being so compromised by HIV that they start out mildly and gradually get worse. Once the immune system is weakened, opportunistic infections, or illnesses that prey on its weaknesses, start to arise. These illnesses, which include both infections and malignancies, impact practically every system in the body. Shedding and TB are two prevalent opportunistic illnesses.
STAGE 4: ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
An individual is identified as having AIDS in the fourth and final stage. to receive a diagnosis of infection, such as pneumocystis pneumonia or HIV wasting syndrome. Even if they recover, a person who has been diagnosed with AIDS cannot go back to being HIV positive. Every person with AIDS is different, and some people pass away quickly after contracting the disease. A small percentage of HIV-positive individuals maintain good health for many years without taking anti- HIV drugs.
SYMPTOMS OF HIV /AIDS
When AIDS overwhelms a person's immune system, the following symptoms may appear: Extreme weakness or fatigue
• Abdominal cramps
• Coughing
• Rapid weight loss
• Heavy sweating at night
• Fever
• Coma
• Mouth ulcers in the genital region
• Chronic diarrhea
• Severe headaches
• Shortness of breath
• Vision loss
• Vomiting
In addition to severe cases of Herpes,
• Anal sores
• Genital sores
• Mouth sores
• Shingles, a painful nerve disease4.
D4 CELLS (T-Helper Cells)
One kind of lymphocyte (WBC) is the CD4 cell. They have a significant role in the immunological system. Sometimes, CD4 cells are referred to as T-cells. CD cells are the cells that HIV most frequently infects in humans. As the cells proliferate to combat an infection, the virus integrates into them and increases the number of HIV copies produced.
A person's CD4 cell count decreases with time if they have experienced long-term HIV infection. This is an indication of a weakened immune system. The likelihood of an illness increases with a decrease in the CD4 cell count. Between 500 to1500 CD4 cells per milliliter of blood are found in healthy individuals. The phase known as AIDS occurs when the CD4 cell count falls to less than 200, at which point the body is unable to fight off any other infections that may enter it.
YOGA THERAPY FOR AIDS / HIV
Facing a sickness that now appears to have no known cure requires a great deal of fortitude. Anxiety, loneliness, melancholy, fear, and hopelessness are common emotions experienced by many HIV-positive individuals. When it comes to managing extreme distress, Yoga cannot take the place of expert counselling. However, Yoga techniques can substantially assist you in eliminating excessive fear and anxiety and learning stress coping mechanisms. And developing inner strength through the training of meditation and relaxation that increases self-awareness. Your physical abilities are maximized through yoga.
Yoga is divided into three sections: physical practice, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga exercises are easy poses that build and stretch the major muscle groups and the nerve system. They also increase circulation, which brings fresh blood and nutrients to the brain and all other critical organs. Finally, they press on glands and organs to stimulate the hormone system. Even a small daily schedule of yoga poses can boost your energy and overall sense of wellbeing.
Yoga offers two different kinds of advantages. There are two: a preventive and a curative. The body's neuro-hormones and metabolism are naturally regulated and controlled by yoga treatment. In addition, yoga therapy offers a protective haven and enhances endocrine metabolism.
PRIMARY ASANAS FOR HIV / AIDS
1. Handstand (AdhoMukhaVrksasana).
2. Peacock pose (Pinca Mayurasana ) ( Optional pose to be done only if the learner is strong enough to accomplish other poses).
3. Supported downwards dog (AdhoMukhaSvanasana
4. Headstand (Sirsasana)
5. Simple cross leg pose (Sukhasana)
6. Supported shoulder stand (SalambaSarvangasana)
7. Supported plow pose (ArdhaHalasana).
8. Legs up the wall (ViparitaKarani)
9. Supine bound angle pose (SuptaBaddhaKonasana
10. Supported relaxation pose (Savasana)
HOW HIV CAN BE PREVENTED
A person can carry the HIV virus for an extended period of time without realizing it, which is one of the reasons it is so deadly. Through high-risk behaviors, the individual can subsequently infect others with the virus. It is possible to stop HIV transmission by: Abstaining from sex (not having oral, vaginal, or anal sex)
• Refraining from touching bodily fluids that could potentially spread HIV;
• Consistently using latex condoms for all forms of sexual activity; and
• Never sharing needles7
CONCLUSION
Since AIDS has no known cure, prevention is crucial. Antiviral and immune-suppressive drug combinations have helped many HIV-positive individuals avoid infections, maintain good health, and live longer lives; nevertheless, these treatments do not treat the virus. Ultimately, the positive impact of yoga therapy helps patients’ combat feelings of powerlessness and melancholy, even going so far as to cultivate an optimistic outlook on life.
REFERENCE
• Vamadeva Sastri “The yoga of consciousness: The supreme yoga” Articles on yoga, on Advaita Vedanta. 2023
• Edward R. Cachay, Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infection. 2024
• Ishwar V. Basavaraddi, “Yoga: Its origin, History and Development” April 23, 2015
• Di Nenno EA, Prejean J, Irwin K, et.al. Recommendations for HIV screening of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sexwith men- United States, 2017, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.2017 66(31):830 www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6631a3.htm.
• http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/print/aids1993.htm).
• Pankaj Patidar, Pragati Bhutorio (2024), Yoga as a complementary therapy for HIV/AIDS: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 9(4):73-82
• Hiv.gov, Preventing Sexual Transmission of HIV, Jan 10, 2023

, Claims:CLAIMS
We Claim:
1. A method of using Yoga techniques to provide a positive impact on HIV/AIDS, wherein the Yoga techniques assist in developing inner strength through the training of meditation and relaxation that increases self-awareness and eliminating excessive fear and anxiety and learning stress coping mechanisms
2. The method of using Yoga techniques to provide a positive impact on HIV/AIDS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the physical abilities are maximized through yoga.
3. The method of using Yoga techniques to provide a positive impact on HIV/AIDS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Yoga exercises are easy poses that build and stretch the major muscle groups and the nerve system, thereby increasing circulation, which brings fresh blood and nutrients to the brain and all other critical organs and additionally, they press on glands and organs to stimulate the hormone system, providing a boost of energy and overall sense of wellbeing.
4. The method of using Yoga techniques to provide a positive impact on HIV/AIDS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body's neuro-hormones and metabolism are naturally regulated and controlled by yoga treatment, thereby offering a protective haven and enhancing endocrine metabolism.
Dated this the 14th May 2025.

Senthil Kumar B
Agent for the applicant
IN/PA-1549