Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system which is capable of optimizing vehicle balance, thereby providing active external passenger protection during emergencies, and offering intelligent handling assistance to mitigate the risk of accident.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The proliferation of E-rickshaws as an economical and environmentally friendly mode of transport in urban and semi-urban environments has highlighted a pressing need for enhanced safety and stability features. Inherently, three-wheeled vehicles like E-rickshaws often present stability challenges, particularly when navigating uneven terrain, encountering sharp turns, or traversing inclines. Their relatively high centre of gravity, combined with often limited active stability control mechanisms, makes them susceptible to rollovers, posing significant risks of injury to passengers and damage to the vehicle. Existing E-rickshaw designs predominantly rely on passive suspension systems and basic structural integrity, which are insufficient to dynamically counteract forces that lead to instability or provide robust protection during unforeseen impacts.

[0003] Traditionally, E-rickshaws have lacked advanced technological integrations seen in larger vehicles, such as real-time stability management, active collision avoidance, or sophisticated driver assistance systems. Safety measures have largely been reactive, focusing on post-impact protection rather than proactive accident prevention. The absence of adaptive handling mechanisms is based on real-time environmental data further exacerbates the risk of mishandling, especially in high-stress driving situations or during abrupt directional changes. Consequently, there remains a critical unaddressed need for an integrated system that actively manages the stability, enhances passenger protection, and intelligently assists in the handling of E-rickshaws, thereby elevating their overall safety profile and operational reliability.

[0004] WO2007024591A1 disclose about an invention of a vehicle stability system for a vehicle. In an embodiment the vehicle stability system includes a yaw rate sensor, an acceleration sensor, a steering sensor, a torque request sensor, and a controller. The controller is configured to receive an output of the yaw rate sensor, the lateral acceleration sensor, the steering sensor, and the torque request sensor, generate a torque signal and a braking signal, and transmit the torque signal to a differential in addition to transmitting the braking signal to a braking system.

[0005] US8781684B2 discloses about an invention of a three-wheeled vehicle that includes: a single front wheel; two rear wheels; a passenger cabin; an electronic steering control unit; and a steering input device configured to send an electronic signal to the electronic steering control unit corresponding to an input received at the steering input device associated with turning the three-wheeled vehicle; wherein the electronic steering control unit is configured to counter-steer the front wheel in response to receiving the electronic signal, wherein the counter-steering of the front wheel initiates a leaning of the passenger cabin a direction of turning of the three-wheeled vehicle.

[0006] Conventionally, many systems are disclosed that address aspects of vehicle safety and stability, particularly within the automotive industry. These typically include electronic stability control (ESC) systems, anti-lock braking systems (ABS), and various forms of passive safety features like seatbelts and airbags. However, these conventional approaches often cater to four-wheeled vehicles or lack the comprehensive, integrated, and dynamic solutions specifically required to overcome the unique stability challenges and passenger safety concerns inherent to three-wheeled E-rickshaws, especially under diverse and demanding operating conditions.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a system that comprehensively and dynamically manages the stability of three-wheeled E-rickshaws, provides active external impact protection for passengers, and offers intelligent, real-time handling assistance to drivers.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to develop a system capable of dynamically adjusting the vehicle's centre of gravity in real-time to maintain optimal balance and significantly reduce the likelihood of tipping over, particularly when encountering obstacles, inclines, or during turns.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to furnish an E-Rickshaw with an active external impact protection that automatically deploys in emergency situations, thereby safeguarding passengers from collision forces.

[0011] Yet another object of the present invention is to offer an E-Rickshaw with an intelligent handle controlling and steering movement based on real-time environmental data, ensuring controlled turning, reducing mishandling, and enhancing overall driving safety.

[0012] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention relates to an E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system that is capable of enhancing vehicle balance, providing active external impact protection for passengers, and offering intelligent, real-time handling assistance, thereby significantly mitigating the risk of tipping over and mishandling while promoting overall operational safety and reliability.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system comprises a plate integrated with a counterweight balancing arrangement mounted on the frontal section of the bottom of an E-rickshaw, the counterweight balancing arrangement comprises various weight blocks located in the bottom section of the plate, and a series of motorized ball and socket joints integrated with motorized clamps at the end effectors that grab the ideal weight from a designated section beneath the plate to ensure optimal balance, a multiple electromagnetic clamps are installed within the plate to securely fasten it to the body frame, an accelerometer and a gyroscope sensor embedded with the plate for detecting impact force and the degree of inclination during movement over obstacles or inclines, wherein an inbuilt microcontroller processes the collected data and dynamically adjusts the counterweight balancing arrangement to maintain a low center of gravity, optimizing the balance of the E-rickshaw and reducing the likelihood of tipping over, a sliding door unit positioned on the side section of the E-Rickshaw, the sliding door unit is equipped with multiple overlapping vertical frames and cascading sliders, wherein air-inflating units are integrated into the frames, such that upon activation of an igniter provided with the frames, the air-inflating units automatically inflate in response to signals from the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, providing external impact protection to passengers during an emergency, and a handle controlling unit mounted beneath the handlebar of the E-Rickshaw to adjust the handle’s movement based on real-time data received from an AI (artificial intelligence)-enabled camera and LiDAR sensor provided with the E-Rickshaw, ensuring controlled turning and reducing the risk of mishandling during high-speed or abrupt directional changes.

[0015] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the handle controlling unit comprises a hollow V-shaped structure, a motorized sleeve, hinge joints, and a spring barrel cam assembly, the motorized sleeve configured to allow 360-degree rotation of the structure, and the spring barrel cam assembly adjusts the handle’s movement, an IoT module is integrated with the microcontroller which facilitates communication between the system's components and a remote computing unit, the IoT module enabling real-time tracking of the E-Rickshaw’s location, sending emergency alerts to authorities, and allowing users to access information related to the E-Rickshaw’s performance, such as driving behaviour and emergency notifications, a GPS module is integrated into the microcontroller for real-time location tracking of the E-Rickshaw and sends the precise location to relevant authorities in the event of an emergency, enabling them to provide timely assistance based on current environmental conditions and traffic data, wherein the AI-enabled camera continuously monitors road conditions, driving behaviour, and any possible accidents, capturing images during a hit-and-run scenario, and providing live footage to authorized personnel for analysis and legal evidence collection, the microcontroller analyses data from the various sensors to evaluate driving behaviour and generates a reliability score based on adherence to safety regulations, and provides real-time feedback to the driver via the computing unit, encouraging safe driving practices and monitoring compliance with traffic rules, wherein a 3D holographic projector is integrated with the E-Rickshaw to display an optimized route map based on real-time data, including traffic updates, weather conditions, and road hazards, and dynamically adjusts the route displayed to the driver when necessary, ensuring safe navigation in changing conditions.

[0016] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a sliding door unit associated with an E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system;
Figure 2 illustrates an isometric view of a plate associated with the proposed system; and
Figure 3 illustrates an isometric view of a handle controlling unit associated with the proposed system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0019] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0020] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0021] The present invention relates to an E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system that is capable of dynamically optimizing vehicle balance, providing active external passenger protection during emergencies, and offering intelligent handling assistance to mitigate the risk of accidents.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a perspective view of a sliding door unit associated with an E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system and an isometric view of a plate associated with the proposed system are illustrated, respectively comprising a plate 201 integrated with a counterweight balancing arrangement 202 mounted on the frontal section of the bottom of an E-rickshaw, multiple electromagnetic clamps 202a installed within the plate 201 securing the plate 201 to the body frame of the E-Rickshaw, a various weight blocks 202b located in the bottom of the plate 201, a series of motorized ball and socket joint 202c integrated with motorized clamps 202d at the end effectors, a sliding door unit 101 positioned on the side section of the E-Rickshaw, equipped with multiple overlapping vertical frames 101a and cascading sliders, an air-inflating units 101b are integrated into the frames 101a, an igniter 101c provided with the frames 101a, an AI (artificial intelligence)-enabled camera 102 provided with E-Rickshaw, a 3D (three-dimensional) holographic projector 103 is integrated with the E-Rickshaw, a handle controlling unit 301 associated with the proposed system mounted beneath the handlebar of the E-Rickshaw, the handle controlling unit 301 comprises of a hollow V-shaped structure 301a, a motorized sleeve 301b, hinge joints 301c, a spring barrel cam assembly 301d, and a clamping unit 301e.

[0023] The system disclosed herein includes a plate 201 integrated with a counterweight balancing arrangement mounted on the frontal section of the bottom of a E-rickshaw and multiple electromagnetic clamps 202a are installed within the plate 201 to secure the plate 201 to the body frame of the E-rickshaw. Each electromagnetic clamp 202a consists of a coil of conductive wire wound around a core made of a ferromagnetic material. When an electric current passed through the coil, it generates a magnetic field, effectively transforming the core into a temporary magnet. The generated magnetic force creates a powerful attraction between the clamp and the underlying ferromagnetic material of the E-rickshaw's body frame, pulling the plate 201 firmly against its body. Conversely, when the electric current is switched off or reversed, the magnetic field collapses, releasing the attractive force and allowing for detachment or repositioning if necessary. This controlled activation and deactivation of magnetic force ensures a robust yet releasable securement of the plate 201 to the vehicle.

[0024] The counterweight arrangement comprises of various weight blocks 202b located in the bottom section of the plate 201 to serve as adjustable masses. These blocks 202b are precisely rectangular shaped masses and are designed to be uniform in size and weight. The blocks 202b are housed within a designated section beneath the plate 201, arranged to be easily accessible by motorized clamps 202d. The dynamic adjustment of the weight is facilitated by a series of motorized ball and socket joints 202c integrated with the motorized clamps 202d at the end effectors that grabs the ideal weight from the designated section beneath the plate 201 to ensure optimal balance.

[0025] The motorized ball and socket joints 202c comprises a spherical "ball" housed within a concave "socket." The joint integrates a geared DC motor that is mechanically coupled to the ball and the socket 202c through a series of internal gears. The motor provides the controlled rotational force. For instance, the motor drives a gear train that rotates the ball within the socket, allowing for multi-directional articulation for pitch, yaw, and roll. These motorized control enables the joint 202c to precisely orient and extend its end effector that is integrated with the motorized clamps 202d to reach, securely grab, and then accurately position the desired weight blocks 202b from their designated section.

[0026] Each clamp 202d integrates a servo motor which serves as the primary actuator. The motor’s rotational output is precisely converted into linear motion through rack-and-pinion gear set. As the motor operates, it drives the opening and closing of the clamp’s robust jaws. The motorization allows for controlled engagement, enabling the clamp to firmly secure the selected weight block 202b, maintain its grip during dynamic repositioning by the ball and socket joint 202c, and then accurately release it, ensuring agile and reliable balance adjustments for the E-rickshaw.

[0027] An accelerometer and a gyroscope sensor are installed on the plate 201 for detecting impact force and the degree of inclination during movement over obstacles or inclines. The accelerometer functions internally to detect both linear acceleration and the vehicle's orientation relative to gravity. Typically, the accelerometer sensor is a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) device, comprising tiny, movable silicon structures, known as "proof masses," suspended by springs. When the E-rickshaw experiences any change in velocity or an impact force, the inertia of these proof masses causes them to deflect. These deflection leads to a measurable change in capacitance between the proof mass and fixed electrodes. The onboard microcontroller converts these capacitance changes into digital signals that represent the acceleration along three perpendicular axes. By continuously measuring these forces, including the constant force of gravity, the microcontroller deduces not only sudden impacts but also the static tilt or degree of inclination of the E-rickshaw as it moves over obstacles or inclines, providing crucial data for stability adjustments.

[0028] The gyroscope sensor helps the microcontroller in the system in detecting rotational movement and the rate of change in the E-rickshaw’s orientation. The gyroscope sensor contains tiny, vibrating micro-machined silicon elements that oscillate at a constant frequency. When the E-rickshaw undergoes any angular rotation or tilting, a Coriolis force acts perpendicular to both the direction of vibration and the axis of rotation. The Coriolis force is an apparent force that acts on objects moving within a rotating frame of reference. It's not a true force in the sense of gravity or electromagnetism, but rather an effect of inertia and the rotation of the reference frame. This force causes a slight, measurable deflection in the vibrating elements. Piezoelectric transducers then detect the minute deflection, converting it into an electrical signal proportional to the angular velocity (the speed of rotation) around specific axes. By continuously monitoring these rotational rates, the gyroscope provides vital data to the microcontroller, allowing it to accurately assess the dynamic degree of inclination and predict the onset of a tipping over scenario, complementing the accelerometer's data.

[0029] A sliding door unit 101 is integrated on the side section of the E-Rickshaw, equipped with multiple overlapping vertical frames 101a and cascading sliders. These sliders are precisely designed to allow the frames 101a to extent vertically outwards and expand rapidly from a retracted, compact position, similar to a series of unfolding panels. Air-inflating units 101b are integrated into the frames 101a, such that upon activation of an igniter 101c provided with the frames 101a, the air-inflating units 101b automatically inflate in response to signals from the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, providing external impact protection to passengers during an emergency.

[0030] The air-inflating units 101b are designed for swift and forceful deployment of impact protection. Internally, each unit consists of two primary components: a small, sealed gas generator and an attached tightly folded inflatable bladder. Upon receiving an activation signal from the microcontroller triggered by the accelerometer and gyroscope detecting an emergency impact event, the integrated igniter 101c is instantly activated. The igniter 101c initiates a rapid exothermic chemical reaction within the gas generator and releases the compressed gas. The reaction quickly produces a large volume of nitrogen gas. The rapidly expanding nitrogen gas then forcefully inflates the folded bladder, causing it to deploy vertically outwards and expand the overlapping vertical frames 101a of the sliding door unit 101, creating a protective external barrier for passengers in fractions of a second.

[0031] Additionally, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor operates internally to create a precise three-dimensional map of the surrounding environment. At its core, the LiDAR unit contains a laser emitter that rapidly sends out millions of pulsed laser beams often in the infrared spectrum. These light pulses travel outwards and, upon striking an object in the environment like another vehicle, a pedestrian, or an obstacle, they are reflected back towards the sensor. An integrated detector precisely measures the time-of-flight for each emitted pulse, the exact duration from when the light leaves the sensor to when its reflection returns. By knowing the speed of light and the time-of-flight, the sensor's internal processing unit accurately calculates the distance to each object. Through rapid scanning, the LiDAR builds a dense "point cloud" of these distance measurements, effectively creating a real-time, highly accurate 3D representation of the E-Rickshaw's surroundings, independent of ambient light conditions, which is crucial for navigation and collision avoidance.

[0032] An AI (artificial intelligence)-enabled camera 102 mounted on the E-Rickshaw functions as an intelligent visual perception module. The AI-enabled camera 102 integrates a high-resolution optical lens paired with an image sensor to continuously capture visual data of the E-Rickshaw's immediate environment. The "intelligence" of the camera 102 resides within an integrated on board processing unit, a dedicated microchip is designed for high-speed data analysis. The unit processes the raw visual feed in real-time, performing functions such as object detection (identifying other vehicles, pedestrians, or obstacles), lane recognition, road condition monitoring, driving behaviour, and any possible accidents, capturing images during a hit-and-run scenario, and providing live footage to authorized person for analysis and legal evidence collection. By transforming pixel data into actionable environmental insights, the camera 102 provides critical, real-time awareness, which is then utilized by a handle controlling unit 301 (as shown in Figure 3) for informed operational decisions and automated adjustments.

[0033] The handle controlling unit 301 mounted beneath the handlebar of the E-Rickshaw to adjusts the handle’s movement based on real-time data received from an AI (artificial intelligence)-enabled camera 102 and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor provided with E-Rickshaw, ensuring controlled turning and reducing the risk of mishandling during high-speed or abrupt directional changes. The handle controlling unit 301 comprises of a hollow V-shaped structure 301a, a motorized sleeve 301b, hinge joints 301c, a spring barrel cam assembly 301d, and a clamping unit 301e.

[0034] In the hollow V-shaped structure 301a of handle controlling unit 301, V-shape provides an optimized ergonomic grip for the rider while its hollow nature is crucial for housing the other operational components of the system, including the motorized sleeve 301b, hinge joints 301c, the spring barrel cam assembly 301d, and the clamping unit 301e. The design allows for a compact and integrated system, minimizing external bulk while providing internal pathways for wiring, sensors, and mechanical linkages that transmit control actions to the E-rickshaw's steering. The structure 301a essentially acts as the housing and the primary interface for the rider's input and the system's output.

[0035] Further, the motorized sleeve 301b configured to allow 360-degree rotation of the hollow V-shaped structure 301a, thereby enabling comprehensive directional control. Internally, the sleeve 301b contains a powerful yet compact stepper motor precisely geared to a bearing that interfaces directly with the V-shaped structure 301a. Upon receiving control signals from the microcontroller based on AI camera 102 and LiDAR sensor’s data, the motor rotates the sleeve 301b, which in turn rotates the entire handlebar assembly 301d around its vertical axis. The sleeve 301b facilitates smooth, automated steering adjustments, counteracting unwanted turns or assisting in precise directional changes, significantly reducing the risk of mishandling during high-speed maneuvers or abrupt directional shifts.

[0036] The hinge joints 301c are integrated within the handle controlling unit 301 to provide specific pivotal articulation, allowing the handlebar assembly 301d to move along one or more axes beyond simple rotation. Each hinge joint 301c consists of two or more rigid components connected by a pivot point, often incorporating bearings or bushings to reduce friction. These joints 301c enable the handle to tilt, flex, or adjust its vertical position. The controlled flexibility, guided by the microcontroller intelligence, contributes to smoother handle movement and potentially dampens unexpected jolts, enhancing rider comfort and control stability.

[0037] The spring barrel cam assembly 301d is responsible for finely adjusting the handle’s movement in response to real-time data. Internally, the assembly 301d comprises a cam integrated with a spring-loaded barrel. As the system determines the need for handle adjustment based on AI-enabled camera 102 and LiDAR sensor’s input, a motor linked to this assembly 301d translates the cam. The cam's precisely machined profile interacts with a follower, converting the cam's motion into a specific linear or angular displacement that directly influences the handlebar's position. The associated springs provide the necessary return force, preload, or dampening, ensuring smooth, precise, and responsive micro-adjustments to the handle's steering angle or position, critical for controlled turning and preventing mishandling in dynamic conditions.

[0038] The clamping units 301e are fundamental to the precise internal operation of the spring barrel cam assembly 301d, which directly influences the handle's movement. These clamping units 301e act as crucial fasteners, ensuring that a cam's (driving element) rotational bearings and a follower's (driven element) guides are rigidly secured, thus eliminating any play that could compromise the accuracy of motion translation. Furthermore, they are responsible for firmly integrating the spring perhaps via spring seats to maintain constant, reliable force, ensuring continuous contact between the cam and follower. Ultimately, these units serve to assemble and securely mount the entire spring barrel cam assembly 301d within the larger handle controlling unit, providing the structural integrity and stability vital for the assembly to accurately convert its internal motions into precise, safe handle adjustments.

[0039] In the system, an IoT (Internet of Things) module is integrated with the microcontroller which facilitates communication between the system’s components and a remote computing unit. The IoT module integrates various communication hardware components, typically including a cellular modem 4G, 5G, a Wi-Fi transceiver, and potentially a GPS receiver though a separate GPS module. The IoT module also contains a dedicated microcontroller optimized for network protocols. The IoT module receives data from the E-Rickshaw's main microcontroller and securely transmits the information over a wireless network to a remote computing unit or cloud server. Conversely, the microcontroller receives commands from the remote unit. These bidirectional communication facilitates real-time tracking of the E-Rickshaw's location, enables the dispatch of automated emergency alerts to authorities, and allows users to remotely access comprehensive vehicle performance data and notifications.

[0040] The GPS (Global Positioning System) module is also integrated into the microcontroller for real-time location tracking of the E-Rickshaw and sends the precise location to relevant authorities in the event of emergency, enabling them to provide timely assistance based on the current environmental conditions and traffic data. The GPS module comprises a specialized antenna designed to receive weak radio signals continuously broadcast from a constellation of Earth-orbiting GPS satellites. An integrated receiver processor within the module analyzes the timing and unique codes embedded in the signals received from multiple satellites simultaneously. By precisely measuring the time delay of these signals and knowing the exact orbital position of each satellite, the processor calculates the E-Rickshaw's exact latitude, longitude, and altitude through a process similar to trilateration. The raw positional data is then formatted and sent directly to the E-Rickshaw's main microcontroller, enabling the system to know the vehicle's precise geographical location at all times, especially crucial for dispatching emergency assistance with accurate coordinates.

[0041] For user guide, a 3D (three-dimensional) holographic projector 103 is integrated with the E-Rickshaw to generate and display three-dimensional route maps that appear to float in space including traffic updates, weather conditions, and road hazards, and dynamically adjusts the route displayed to the driver when necessary, ensuring safe navigation in changing conditions. At its core, the projector 103 utilizes a coherent light source, typically a laser, whose beams are precisely controlled. These light beams are directed towards a highly advanced Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), which is an array of tiny, individually addressable pixels that rapidly manipulate the phase, amplitude, or polarization of light. Based on the real-time route map data and environmental conditions, a dedicated processing unit computes complex interference patterns. The SLM then generates these patterns, diffracting the incoming laser light in a specific manner. The diffracted light, when projected onto a defined viewing volume, recreates a true three-dimensional light field, allowing the driver to perceive the route map as a volumetric image with depth and parallax, dynamically adjusting as navigation conditions change.

[0042] Lastly, a battery (not shown in figure) is associated with the device to supply power to electrically powered components which are employed herein. The battery is comprised of a pair of electrode named as a cathode and an anode. The battery uses a chemical reaction of oxidation/reduction to do work on charge and produce a voltage between their anode and cathode and thus produces electrical energy that is used to do work in the device.

[0043] The present invention works best in the following manner, where the plate 201 integrated with the counterweight balancing arrangement, securely mounted on the frontal bottom section of the E-Rickshaw using multiple electromagnetic clamps 202a. Embedded within the plate 201 are the accelerometer and the gyroscope sensor which continuously detect impact force and the E-rickshaw's degree of inclination during movement over varied terrain or inclines. The inbuilt microcontroller, processes the collected data in real-time, dynamically orchestrating the adjustment of the counterweight balancing arrangement. The arrangement, comprising various weight blocks 202b located beneath the plate 201 and manipulated by the series of motorized ball and socket joints 202c with integrated motorized clamps 202d, ensures ideal weight distribution to maintain the low centre of gravity, thereby optimizing the E-Rickshaw's balance and significantly reducing the likelihood of tipping over. For external passenger protection, the sliding door unit 101 positioned on the E-Rickshaw's side is equipped with multiple overlapping vertical frames 101a and cascading sliders, which remain compactly stowed. When the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors detect any emergency, they trigger the igniter 101c provided within the frames 101a, causing integrated air-inflating units 101b to instantaneously inflate. The rapid inflation extends the frames 101a outwards, providing crucial external impact protection to passengers.

[0044] Furthermore, the handle controlling unit 301, is mounted beneath the handlebar, precisely adjusts the handle’s movement. The unit incorporates the hollow V-shaped structure 301a, the motorized sleeve 301b enabling 360-degree rotation, the hinge joints 301c for controlled articulation, and the spring barrel cam assembly 301d that finely adjusts the handle's movements. These adjustments are based on real-time data received from the AI-enabled camera 102 and the LiDAR sensor mounted on the E-Rickshaw, ensuring controlled turning and minimizing mishandling during high-speed or abrupt directional changes. The AI-enabled camera 102 continuously monitors road conditions, driving behavior, and potential accidents, capturing critical images during events like hit-and-runs and providing live footage to authorized personnel. Simultaneously, the LiDAR sensor creates a precise 3D map of the surroundings for navigation and obstacle avoidance. Connectivity and intelligent information processing are facilitated by the IoT module integrated with the microcontroller, which enables seamless communication between the system's components and the remote computing unit. The module supports real-time E-Rickshaw location tracking, sends emergency alerts to authorities, and allows users to access vehicle performance data and emergency notifications. The GPS module, is also integrated into the microcontroller, provides precise real-time location tracking for emergency response. The microcontroller further analyzes data from various sensors to evaluate driving behavior, generating a reliability score and providing real-time feedback to the driver via the computing unit to encourage safe practices. For navigation, a 3D holographic projector 103 displays an optimized route map, dynamically adjusting based on real-time traffic, weather, and road hazards.

[0045] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , Claims:1) An E-Rickshaw safety and stability management system, comprising:

i) a plate 201 integrated with a counterweight balancing arrangement mounted on the frontal section of the bottom of a E-Rickshaw, wherein multiple electromagnetic clamps 202a are installed within the plate 201 to secure the plate 201 to the body frame of the E-Rickshaw;
ii) an accelerometer and a gyroscope sensor embedded with the plate 201 for detecting impact force and the degree of inclination during movement over obstacles or inclines, wherein an inbuilt microcontroller the collected data and dynamically adjusts the counterweight balancing arrangement to maintain a low center of gravity, optimizing the balance of the E-rickshaw and reducing the likelihood of tipping over;
iii) a sliding door unit 101 positioned on the side section of the E-Rickshaw, wherein said sliding door unit 101 is equipped with multiple overlapping vertical frames 101a and cascading sliders, wherein air-inflating units 101b are integrated into the frames 101a, such that upon activation of an igniter 101c provided with the frames 101a, the air-inflating units 101b automatically inflate in response to signals from the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, providing external impact protection to passengers during an emergency; and
iv) a handle controlling unit 301 mounted beneath the handlebar of the E-Rickshaw to adjusts the handle’s movement based on real-time data received from an AI (artificial intelligence)-enabled camera 102 and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor provided with E-Rickshaw, ensuring controlled turning and reducing the risk of mishandling during high-speed or abrupt directional changes.

2) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the counterweight balancing arrangement is comprising of various weight blocks 202b located in the bottom section of the plate 201, and a series of motorized ball and socket joints 202c are integrated with motorized clamps 202d at the end effectors that grabs the ideal weight from a designated section beneath the plate 201 to ensure optimal balance.

3) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein handle controlling unit 301 comprises of a hollow V-shaped structure 301a, a motorized sleeve 301b, hinge joints 301c, a spring barrel cam assembly 301d, and clamping units 301e the motorized sleeve 301b is configured to allow 360-degree rotation of the structure 301a, and the spring barrel cam assembly 301d adjusts the handle’s movement.

4) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a IoT module is integrated with the microcontroller which facilitates communication between the system's components and a remote computing unit, the IoT module enables real-time tracking of the E-Rickshaw’s location, sends emergency alerts to the authorities, and allows users to access information related to the vehicle’s performance, such as driving behavior and emergency notifications.

5) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a GPS module is integrated into the microcontroller for real-time location tracking of the E-Rickshaw and sends the precise location to relevant authorities in the event of an emergency, enabling them to provide timely assistance based on the current environmental conditions and traffic data.

6) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said AI-enabled camera 102 continuously monitors the road conditions, driving behavior, and any possible accidents, capturing images during a hit-and-run scenario, and providing live footage to authorized personnel for analysis and legal evidence collection.

7) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said microcontroller analyzes data from the various sensors to evaluate the driving behavior and generates a reliability score based on the adherence to safety regulations, and provide real-time feedback to the driver via the computing unit, encouraging safe driving practices and monitoring compliance with traffic rules.

8) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a 3D (three-dimensional) holographic projector 103 is integrated with the E-Rickshaw to display an optimized route map based on real-time data, including traffic updates, weather conditions, and road hazards, and dynamically adjusts the route displayed to the driver when necessary, ensuring safe navigation in changing conditions.

9) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a battery is associated with said system for supplying power to electrical and electronically operated components associated with said system.