Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles designed for enhancing the operational performance, safety, energy efficiency, and real-time condition monitoring of electric vehicle wheels by enabling dynamic adjustment, energy harvesting, and automatic maintenance functions based on varying road and driving conditions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly being adopted for sustainable transportation, but they face challenges related to wheel stability, energy efficiency, and tire health management. Road conditions, load variations, and driving behaviors can significantly affect vehicle performance, safety, and energy consumption. Wheel management and energy harvesting in electric vehicles face several critical challenges, including lack of real-time monitoring and adaptive control over wheel stability, alignment, and traction, especially during varying road and terrain conditions. Existing systems fail to integrate energy harvesting mechanisms at the wheel level, leading to underutilization of mechanical vibrations and thermal energy produced during motion. Additionally, poor tire condition monitoring and absence of automated maintenance functions such as inflation, cooling, or leak repair increase safety risks. Inefficient data communication between wheel components and vehicle control units further hampers remote monitoring and proactive decision-making, affecting overall vehicle efficiency and safety.

[0003] Traditionally, electric vehicles rely on separate systems for wheel control, tire pressure monitoring, and energy management. Manual tire inflation, standalone pressure sensors, and regenerative braking mechanisms are commonly used for these functions. Basic tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) provide limited data about tire health. Energy harvesting is often limited to regenerative braking, with no integrated wheel-level energy capture. Wheel performance adjustments are typically reactive, based on driver input or preset vehicle controls without road condition sensing. Remote control and real-time adjustment of wheel functions are rarely available in standard EV configurations. Overall, these systems operate independently without intelligent, unified coordination.

[0004] EP3224080A1 discloses an energy harvesting device for a transport vehicle with a driveline shaft comprising an electric converter circuit and a power take-off unit, wherein the electric converter circuit comprises: an electric energy storage comprising an electrochemical battery and a super-capacitor bank; a first DC bus; an electric generator connected to the first DC bus, through an electronic brake controller; a second DC bus connected to the first DC bus through a DC/DC converter, wherein the first DC bus voltage is lower than the second DC bus voltage; an inverter, wherein the inverter input is connected to the second DC bus and the inverter output is connected to the electrical load of the energy harvesting; wherein the power take-off unit comprises: a pivot plate with a single-point coupling and an arcuate slot coupling, both for coupling to the vehicle chassis, wherein the pivot plate is rotatable about the single-point coupling around the arcuate slot coupling for aligning with the vehicle shaft, wherein the electric generator is attached to the pivot plate; an electric generator pulley coupled to the electric generator and supported by the pivot plate; a shaft pulley; a shaft attachment for attaching the shaft pulley to the vehicle shaft; a belt connecting the electric generator pulley and the shaft pulley.

[0005] US8723344B1 discloses an energy harvesting and harnessing system is mobile and can store energy when the system is not in motion for later use in powering the mobile transport refrigeration unit (TRU) or truck mounted refrigeration units eliminating unnecessary use of the diesel motor on the refrigeration unit. There may be an interface plug between a power generation unit and the cab to power the climate controls and creature comforts in the cab of the truck while parked, thus eliminating unnecessary idling.

[0006] Conventionally, many devices have been developed to facilitate wheel monitoring, energy recovery, and tire maintenance in electric vehicles, however devices mentioned in prior art have limitations pertaining to providing real-time, adaptive control based on dynamic road conditions, and providing predictive maintenance capabilities or immediate leak detection. Additionally, the existing devices lack control features and real-time data analytics on tire wear, pressure, and temperature trends, and limited performance optimization, safety assurance, and energy utilization across varying driving environments.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a device that requires to be capable of enabling real-time monitoring of wheel dynamics, adjusts performance parameters based on changing road and driving conditions. Additionally, the developed device also needs to be capable of ensuring continuous tire health monitoring with predictive analytics and user alerts for potential risks, and supporting proactive tire maintenance by automatically handling inflation, cooling, and leak sealing functions.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to develop a device that is capable of improving stability and control of electric vehicles during motion.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to develop a device that is capable of enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment of vehicle wheel performance based on changing road and driving conditions.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to develop a device that is capable of efficient harvesting and conversion of energy generated during vehicle motion into usable electrical power.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to develop a device that is capable of supporting continuous monitoring of tire condition and alerts the user to potential safety risks.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to develop a device that is capable of performing automatic tire maintenance functions such as inflation, cooling, and leak sealing without manual intervention.

[0014] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a device that is capable of ensuring remote access and control of vehicle wheel operations through external monitoring platforms.

[0015] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention relates to a wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles developed to improve the performance, safety, energy efficiency, and continuous condition monitoring of electric vehicle wheels by providing real-time adjustment, energy recovery, and automatic maintenance in response to different road and driving situations.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles, comprising a rim cover integrated with electromagnets adapted to be installed onto wheel(s) of an electric vehicle, the electromagnets are mounted on an edge of the rim cover to create an electromagnetic grip securing the rim cover to the wheel during vehicle motion, a sensing module integrated with the rim cover for dynamic assessment of vehicle motion and orientation, the sensing module includes an accelerometer for detecting linear acceleration and vibration of the vehicle wheel during motion, a gyroscope for measuring angular tilt and rotational changes of the vehicle wheel, a supporting arrangement comprising a supporting plate configured with rom cover to stabilize and dynamically respond to changes in vehicle motion, a plurality of first hydraulic piston connecting the supporting plate to the rim cover, a motorized spherical joint is integrated between the rim cover and each of the first pistons enabling adaptive angular adjustments of the plate, an omnidirectional wheel mounted on the plate, configured to provide multi-directional movement and stabilization in response to external forces acting on the wheel, a piezoelectric unit positioned between the plate and the wheel to capture mechanical vibrations and pressure from wheel movement and convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy for charging a rechargeable battery embedded within the rim cover, the piezoelectric unit generates electrical energy from mechanical vibrations and pressure exerted on the omnidirectional wheel during vehicle motion, a wheel protection unit provided with the rim cover to form a dynamic, adjustable barrier around the wheels to enhance traction on hazardous or low-friction surfaces; the wheel protection unit includes, a plurality of foldable flaps configured to automatically open and adjust spacing, a second hydraulic piston connecting each foldable plate to the rim cover, configured to extend and retract in real time, a first motorized ball-and-socket joint integrated with the second hydraulic piston for enabling precise angular adjustments and directional responsiveness of each flap, a plurality of primary suction units mounted at the tip of each foldable plate to grip the opposite surface of the tire rim and enhance overall stability.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes an internal hollow space carved within the flaps housing a grid-based traction unit, comprising a plurality of pneumatic panels that automatically deploy, retract, or expand, a wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit embedded within the wheel protection unit to assess and maintain tire health in real time, and the wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit includes a camera integrated with an image recognition protocol to detect over-inflation and under-inflation, an air inflating unit embedded within the rim cover, configured with an expandable conduit and nozzle for delivering air, and a clamping unit mounted via an extendable rod and second motorized ball-and-socket joint to align with the tire valve for inflation or deflation, a temperature sensor for detecting excessive tire heat, coupled with a cooling unit including a water chamber and a circular conduit fitted with precision sprayer for evenly spraying water onto the tire surface, a laser measurement sensor for analyzing tread depth, grip effectiveness, and structural deformation of the tire under dynamic terrain conditions, a gyroscopic sensor for monitoring vibration frequency and angular movements of the tire and wheel to detect imbalance, cracks, or early signs of structural failure, a thermal sensor configured as a leak detector, operatively connected to a fixing member mounted on the rim cover via extendable link and third motorized ball-and-socket joints, the fixing member comprising secondary suction units and a dual-layer adhesive patch for sealing detected leaks in real time, a microcontroller operatively linked with the device to process real-time environmental and operational data, controlling the functionality of the device by managing the actuation of all integrated functional components, the microcontroller continuously processes input data from the camera, temperature sensor, gyroscopic sensor, laser measurement sensor, and thermal sensor to monitor tire health, and the microcontroller is configured to notify the user through an in-vehicle interface or connected computing unit upon detection of abnormal conditions, a thermoelectric generator is integrated within the rim cover, configured to convert heat generated from friction into electrical energy for supplementing the battery charging, a communication module is integrated with the microcontroller, for remote monitoring, and integration with external platforms supporting real-time data transmission.

[0019] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 illustrates an isometric view of a wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0022] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0023] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0024] The present invention relates to a wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles developed for improving the safety, performance, energy utilization, and continuous health monitoring of electric vehicle wheels by enabling real-time adjustments, energy collection, and self-maintenance in accordance with changing road and driving conditions.

[0025] Referring to Figure 1, an isometric view of a wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles is illustrated, comprising of a rim cover 101 adapted to be installed onto wheel(s), a supporting plate 102 configured with rim cover 101, a plurality of first hydraulic piston 103 connecting the supporting plate 102 to the rim cover 101, a motorized spherical joint 104 integrated between the rim cover 101 and each of the first hydraulic pistons 103, an omnidirectional wheel 105 mounted on the plate 102, a piezoelectric unit 106 positioned between the plate 102 and the wheel, a wheel protection unit provided with the rim cover 101, the wheel protection unit includes a plurality of foldable flaps 107, a second hydraulic piston 108 connecting each foldable plate 102 to the rim cover 101, a first motorized ball-and-socket joint 109 integrated with the second hydraulic piston 108, a plurality of primary suction units 110 mounted at the tip of each foldable plate 102, an internal hollow space carved within the flaps 107 comprising a plurality of pneumatic panels 111, a wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit embedded within the wheel protection unit, includes a camera 112, an air inflating unit 113 embedded within the rim cover 101, configured with an expandable conduit 114 and nozzle 115, a clamping unit 116 mounted via an extendable rod 117 and second motorized ball-and-socket joint 118, a water chamber 119 and a circular conduit 120 fitted with precision sprayer 121, a fixing member 122 mounted on the rim cover 101 via extendable link 123 and third motorized ball-and-socket joints 124, the fixing member 122 comprising secondary suction units 125 and a dual-layer adhesive patch 126.

[0026] The disclosed device herein comprises of a rim cover 101 integrated with electromagnets adapted to be installed onto the wheel(s) of an electric vehicle to provide a protective and aerodynamic barrier over the wheel. The rim cover 101 interacts with the wheel surface to reduce air drag and protect the internal wheel components from external elements such as dust, debris, and water ingress. The electromagnets are mounted along the edge of the rim cover 101 to generate a controlled electromagnetic field, creating a magnetic attraction force between the rim cover 101 and the wheel surface.

[0027] This electromagnetic grip secures the rim cover 101 firmly to the wheel during vehicle motion, preventing displacement or detachment caused by rotational or vibrational forces. The electromagnets operate in real time and are responsive to the vehicle’s operating state, deactivating as needed during maintenance or wheel removal procedures to allow easy detachment of the rim cover 101 from the wheel. A sensing module is integrated within the rim cover 101 to provide real-time dynamic assessment of vehicle motion and orientation. The sensing module includes an accelerometer and a gyroscope.

[0028] The accelerometer embedded within the module detects linear acceleration and vibration parameters of the vehicle wheel, transmitting the collected data to an inbuilt microcontroller. Simultaneously, the gyroscope monitors angular tilt and rotational velocity, offering precise measurements of the wheel’s orientation. The combined output from both sensors is processed and analyzed to generate control signals or alerts, allowing for immediate vehicle system response in relation to stability control, traction adjustments, and maneuverability optimization during vehicle motion.

[0029] The accelerometer functions by detecting changes in linear acceleration and vibration experienced by the vehicle wheel during its rotation and movement across varying road surfaces. As the vehicle operates, the accelerometer senses multi-axis acceleration forces generated by the wheel, converting mechanical motion into corresponding electrical signals. These signals represent the magnitude and direction of the acceleration forces acting on the wheel. The data is continuously transmitted to the microcontroller, where it undergoes real-time analysis for identifying conditions such as sudden braking, acceleration spikes, wheel slippage, or terrain irregularities.

[0030] The gyroscope herein operates by measuring the angular velocity and tilt experienced by the vehicle wheel during rotational motion. Upon activation, the gyroscope detects changes in orientation around one or more axes, converting angular motion into corresponding electrical signals. This output is transmitted to the microcontroller, where it is analyzed to determine real-time wheel positioning, rotational drift, and tilting patterns. The processed data facilitates immediate corrective action by adjusting suspension dynamics, traction control parameters, and overall stability systems, ensuring the vehicle maintains optimal balance and directional accuracy during varied driving maneuvers or during adverse road conditions.

[0031] A supporting arrangement includes a supporting plate 102, a plurality of first hydraulic pistons 103, motorized spherical joints 104, and an omnidirectional wheel 105, collectively enabling dynamic stabilization of the vehicle. Based on real-time motion data received from the microcontroller, the hydraulic pistons 103 actuate to adjust the position and orientation of the supporting plate 102 relative to the rim cover 101. The motorized spherical joints 104 further allow angular displacement of the plate 102, ensuring alignment with motion vectors. The omnidirectional wheel 105 mounted on the plate 102 facilitates controlled multi-directional movement and load distribution, counteracting destabilizing forces and enhancing vehicle balance during operational conditions.

[0032] The supporting plate 102 functions as the primary load-bearing surface within the supporting arrangement, responding dynamically to vehicle motion inputs. Upon receiving real time motion data, the microcontroller signals the hydraulic pistons 103 to extend or retract, thereby altering the vertical and angular position of the supporting plate 102 relative to the rim cover 101. The plate's structural design accommodates mounting of the omnidirectional wheel 105 and interfaces with the motorized spherical joints 104, ensuring continuous adaptability.

[0033] The active positioning of the plate 102 compensates for vehicle tilts, shifts, and external forces, thereby maintaining optimal wheel contact with the driving surface and ensuring vehicle stability under varying operational dynamics. The plurality of first hydraulic pistons 103 operate to control the extension and retraction between the supporting plate 102 and the rim cover 101, responding to real-time vehicle motion data processed by the microcontroller. Each piston 103 receives pressurized hydraulic fluid via controlled valves, enabling precise linear movement of its piston 103.

[0034] As the pistons 103 extend or retract, they adjust the distance and orientation of the supporting plate 102 relative to the rim cover 101. This action allows the supporting plate 102 to compensate for road irregularities, vehicle acceleration, braking, or cornering forces, maintaining balanced load distribution on the omnidirectional wheel 105 and ensuring continuous ground contact and stabilization.

[0035] The motorized spherical joint 104 mentioned herein facilitates adaptive angular adjustment between each hydraulic piston 103 and the rim cover 101 by allowing controlled multi-axis rotation. Upon receiving real-time orientation commands from the microcontroller, integrated electric motors within the spherical joint 104 drive the rotational actuators, altering the angular position of the connected piston 103. This active articulation enables the supporting plate 102 to tilt or align in specific directions, countering destabilizing torques or angular displacements experienced during vehicle motion.

[0036] The motorized control allows the supporting arrangement to perform rapid and precise angular corrections, ensuring the omnidirectional wheel 105 remains properly oriented for effective vehicle stabilization and maneuverability. The omnidirectional wheel 105 mounted on the supporting plate 102 operates to provide multi-directional movement and stabilization in response to external forces acting on the vehicle. The wheel’s construction allows simultaneous rotation along its primary axis and lateral movement through a series of peripheral rollers.

[0037] Upon actuation by the microcontroller, the wheel executes controlled directional shifts, compensating for lateral skidding, torque-induced drifts, or sudden directional changes. The combined motion capabilities enable the wheel to generate stabilizing counter-forces, optimizing traction and balance. This functionality ensures that the vehicle maintains controlled contact with the driving surface, especially during complex maneuvering scenarios. A piezoelectric unit 106 is strategically positioned between the plate 102 and the wheel, configured to harness mechanical energy generated from wheel movement, road irregularities, and operational pressure variations experienced during vehicle motion.

[0038] When the omnidirectional wheel 105 encounters dynamic loading conditions, the piezoelectric material undergoes mechanical deformation, causing an internal redistribution of electric charge within its crystalline structure. This mechanical-to-electrical conversion results in the generation of electrical energy proportional to the applied mechanical stress. The generated electrical output is directed via conductive pathways to an integrated energy management circuit, where it is conditioned and regulated before being supplied for storage in a rechargeable battery embedded within the rim cover 101.

[0039] The rechargeable battery is connected to the output terminals of the piezoelectric unit 106 through an energy management interface. Upon receiving the regulated electrical energy produced from mechanical vibrations and pressure variations, the battery initiates electrochemical storage processes within its internal cells. Through controlled charging cycles, the battery accumulates and retains electrical energy, enabling it to provide a reliable power source for vehicle. A wheel protection unit, configured with the rim cover 101, dynamically responds to road conditions to enhance vehicle stability and control.

[0040] Upon detection of hazardous or low-friction surfaces, the wheel protection unit activates a series of mechanical actuators. The protection unit creates a variable barrier around the wheel circumference, which actively modifies its configuration through real-time adjustments. The wheel protection unit includes a plurality of foldable flaps 107, a second hydraulic piston 108 connecting each foldable plate 102 to the rim cover 101, a first motorized ball-and-socket joint 109 integrated with the second hydraulic piston 108, a plurality of primary suction units 110 mounted at the tip of each foldable plate 102, and an internal hollow space carved within the flaps 107 housing a grid-based traction unit, comprising a plurality of pneumatic panels 111.

[0041] The plurality of foldable flaps 107 operates as individual, movable segments secured along the wheel rim, each equipped with mechanical linkages to the second hydraulic pistons 108 and the motorized ball-and-socket joints 109. In response to vehicle control signals, each flap transitions between folded and extended positions by hydraulic actuation. The spacing, angular orientation, and deployment speed of each flap are automatically adjusted based on the detected tire rotation speed, road friction, and width parameters. The flaps 107 coordinate in a sequenced manner to uniformly distribute the adjustable barrier while minimizing aerodynamic drag, providing customizable terrain-specific grip and preventing surface slippage.

[0042] The adjustable barrier is formed by the coordinated extension and retraction of the foldable flaps 107 around the wheel periphery, triggered through signals from detected terrain conditions. When unstable or low-grip surfaces are detected, actuators activate to reposition each flap outward or inward, adjusting the barrier’s overall diameter and coverage area relative to the tire’s rotation and width. This dynamic barrier reduces slippage and enhances tire-to-surface contact by flexibly adapting to angular movements, road contour changes, and stability requirements, thereby providing real-time protection and maintaining continuous ground engagement under variable driving conditions.

[0043] The second hydraulic piston 108 herein executes linear actuation to control the extension and retraction of the flaps 107. Based on real-time terrain data processed by the vehicle’s terrain, fluid pressure inside the piston 108 chambers is adjusted to modify piston 108 displacement. This action controls the positional movement of the corresponding flap, allowing for immediate response to changes in terrain gradient, surface texture, and tire rotational speed. The piston’s stroke length and force output are modulated electronically to provide precise and rapid deployment or withdrawal of the foldable flaps 107 for maintaining wheel stability.

[0044] The first motorized ball-and-socket joint 109 herein is integrated between the second hydraulic piston 108 and each foldable flap to allow three-dimensional angular adjustments. Upon receiving input signals from the microcontroller, the embedded electric motor drives the joint to pivot the flap around multiple axes. This enables the microcontroller to precisely adjust the tilt, rotation, and alignment of each flap in relation to the tire’s surface and motion vector.

[0045] The ball-and-socket joint 109 ensures directional responsiveness and compensates for lateral forces, rotational torque variations, and uneven terrain by altering the angular position of each flap for enhanced stability control. The plurality of primary suction units 110 is configured to generate localized vacuum pressure upon deployment. When activated by the microcontroller during hazardous driving conditions, the suction units 110 create a negative pressure zone at the flap-to-rim interface. This secures the flap tip against the opposite tire rim surface, enhancing mechanical grip and preventing separation caused by centrifugal or vibrational forces.

[0046] The suction intensity and activation duration are automatically modulated based on vehicle speed, tire deformation data, and detected surface irregularities to ensure continuous, non-slip contact. The suction unit includes a suction cup that provides an additional grip to the opposite surface of the tire rim. The suction unit when actuated by the microcontroller, creates an airtight seal between the cup’s flexible rim and the opposite surface of the tire rim for sealing off the area within the suction cup.

[0047] The flexible rim of the suction cup is designed to maintain an airtight seal between the foldable plate 102 and the opposite surface of the tire rim. The suction cup used herein are made up of silicone rubber that easily eliminates pressure inside the suction cup for creating a vacuum between the cup and the opposite surface of the tire rim to resist any slipping or movement of the foldable plate 102 over the opposite surface of the tire rim. The grid-based traction unit consists of a networked grid of controllable traction cells.

[0048] Upon detection of reduced surface grip, the microcontroller transmits activation signals to the traction unit, prompting specific sections of the grid to elevate or depress pneumatically. This surface modulation generates variable texture profiles that increase contact friction between the wheel and the terrain. The grid adjusts in real time, responding to changes in wheel slip ratio, incline angle, and road texture, thereby delivering enhanced wheel stability, grip control, and traction performance.

[0049] The plurality of pneumatic panels 111 are configured to inflate, deflate, expand, or retract based on terrain feedback received from the microcontroller. Each panel operates as an independent air cell that alters its surface profile when pressurized air is introduced via onboard compressors. During low-traction scenarios, selected panels 111 expand outward to increase surface roughness and frictional grip, whereas during stable driving, the panels 111 retract to restore smooth surface geometry. The real-time pressure adjustments within each pneumatic panel enable terrain-adaptive traction management, optimizing vehicle stability and minimizing wheel slippage under dynamic conditions.

[0050] A wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit integrated within the wheel protection unit for continuously assessing the tire’s structural and performance parameters during vehicle operation. The wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit includes a camera 112, an air inflating unit 113, a clamping unit 116 mounted via an extendable rod 117 and second motorized ball-and-socket joint 118, a temperature sensor, a laser measurement sensor, a gyroscopic sensor, and a thermal sensor operatively connected to a fixing member 122 mounted on the rim cover 101 via an extendable link 123 and third motorized ball-and-socket joints 124.

[0051] The camera 112 herein is integrated with an image recognition protocol, captures real-time visual data of the tire’s surface and sidewall. The protocol processes the image data to detect visible inflation anomalies, identifying signs of under-inflation or over-inflation based on tire bulge, deflection, and sidewall stress indicators. The captured data is analyzed to trigger corresponding corrective actions from the air inflating unit 113. The camera’s image stream is continuously processed by the microcontroller to facilitate uninterrupted monitoring during motion, ensuring early detection and response to inflation-related conditions that could compromise vehicle safety and tire longevity.

[0052] The air inflating unit 113 is embedded within the rim cover 101 and configured with an expandable conduit 114 and nozzle 115 to regulate tire air pressure in real time. Upon receiving signals from the microcontroller, the expandable conduit 114 extends toward the tire valve using motorized actuation. The nozzle 115, attached to the conduit’s end, securely aligns with the valve to facilitate controlled air delivery for inflation or deflation. The inflating unit 113 operates under precise pressure control protocols to achieve target tire pressure levels.

[0053] The clamping unit 116, mounted on the wheel protection structure, operates via mechanical actuation for controlled positioning over the tire valve. Upon activation by the microcontroller, the clamping unit 116 extends by the rod 117 and positions itself using motorized ball-and-socket joints 118. The clamping unit 116 securely grips the valve stem, providing a stable connection point for the air inflating unit’s nozzle 115. The clamping unit 116 ensures firm valve engagement during air transfer operations to prevent leakage, disconnection, or air loss.

[0054] The extension/retraction of the extendable rod 117 is powered pneumatically by the microcontroller by employing a pneumatic unit including an air compressor, air cylinders, air valves and piston 108 which works in collaboration to aid in extension and retraction of the rod 117. The pneumatic unit is operated by the microcontroller, such that the microcontroller actuates valve to allow passage of compressed air from the compressor within the cylinder, the compressed air further develops pressure against the piston 108 and results in pushing and extending the piston 108.

[0055] The piston 108 is connected with the rod 117 and due to applied pressure the rod 117 extends and similarly, the microcontroller retracts the rod 117 by closing the valve resulting in retraction of the piston 108. Thus, the microcontroller regulates the extension/retraction of the rod 117 in order to allow the clamping unit 116 to accurately reach the valve regardless of tire rotational position. The second motorized ball-and-socket joint 118 provides multi-axial articulation for the clamping unit 116. The second motorized ball-and-socket joint 118 is controlled via electric motor drives for enabling angular adjustment of the clamping unit 116 in three-dimensional space for precise alignment with the tire valve.

[0056] The second motorized ball-and-socket joint 118 continuously adjust the clamping unit’s angle during dynamic wheel motion, ensuring stable contact during air delivery. The temperature sensor is positioned adjacent to the tire surface and operates by continuously detecting surface and near-surface thermal conditions of the tire during operation. When the detected temperature exceeds a predefined threshold, indicating overheating or friction-induced thermal stress, the sensor sends an activation signal to the microcontroller. This triggers a cooling unit to initiate corrective cooling measures.

[0057] The cooling unit is configured with a water chamber 119 and a circular conduit 120 fitted with precision sprayer 121 circumferentially distributed over the tire’s outer surface. Upon receiving activation signals from the temperature sensor, the cooling unit pressurizes the water chamber 119, delivering water through the conduit 120. The precision sprayer 121 emit a controlled, even spray across the tire surface, lowering surface temperature efficiently without affecting tire traction. The spray operation continues until the monitored temperature returns to a safe operational range.

[0058] The laser measurement sensor mentioned above operates by emitting high-frequency laser beams onto the tire tread and sidewall while the vehicle is in motion. The reflected laser signals are analyzed in real time to calculate tread depth, assess grip effectiveness, and detect structural deformation caused by dynamic terrain forces. The sensor transmits precise digital measurements to the microcontroller, which compares data against predefined safety thresholds.

[0059] Upon detection of excessive wear, tread imbalance, or deformation anomalies, the microcontroller alerts the driver or initiates conditioning measures. The sensor operates with millimeter-scale accuracy for reliable monitoring under varying speed and load conditions. The gyroscope herein monitors the tire and wheel assembly for real-time vibration frequency, angular velocity, and rotational orientation changes. The gyroscope identifies imbalance, structural cracks, or early signs of tire or rim failure by measuring angular displacements and lateral forces acting on the wheel.

[0060] The gyroscope continuously feeds rotational data to the microcontroller, which processes this information to initiate preventive interventions such as wheel balancing alerts or vehicle speed modulation. The gyroscope operates on a multi-axis sensing principle, ensuring accurate detection of complex wheel motion patterns and dynamic stress conditions encountered during vehicle operation.

[0061] The thermal sensor mentioned above functions as a dedicated leak detection sensor by identifying temperature differentials on the tire surface caused by escaping air. Upon detection of localized cooling patterns indicating a puncture or leak, the sensor communicates with the microcontroller to activate the fixing member 122. The thermal sensor operates on real-time differential heat mapping principles and localizes leak positions with high accuracy, even during wheel rotation.

[0062] The sensor initiates immediate corrective action by coordinating with the secondary suction units 125 for rapid leak containment. The fixing member 122 herein is installed on the rim cover 101 using the extendable link 123 and the third motorized ball-and-socket joints 124. Upon receiving signals from the thermal sensor, the fixing member 122 extends towards the leak location using linear and angular actuation.

[0063] Post successful positioning of the fixing member 122, the microcontroller activates the secondary suction units 125 to stabilize the tire surface and clear debris. Following surface preparation, the fixing member 122 deploys a dual-layer adhesive patch 126 over the leak point. The entire operation is executed with precision timing to ensure immediate and durable sealing while the vehicle remains in motion. The extendable link 123 connects the fixing member 122 to the rim cover 101 and operates under motorized linear actuation control.

[0064] Upon leak detection, the link 123 extends, positioning the fixing member 122 towards the targeted area on the tire’s surface. The link 123 provides adjustable length and directional control, working in coordination with the third motorized ball-and-socket joints 124 to achieve precise spatial alignment. The third motorized ball-and-socket joints 124 enable multi-axial rotational adjustment of the fixing member 122. The joints 124 work in conjunction with the extendable link 123 to optimize the fixing member’s spatial orientation.

[0065] Upon positioning over the leak site, the suction units 125 create a localized vacuum to firmly stabilize the tire surface and remove debris or moisture. This stabilization ensures effective surface contact for the dual-layer adhesive patch 126. The suction units 125 operate under pneumatic or electromechanical control, maintaining suction pressure until the patch 126 application process is completed. The dual-layer adhesive patch 126 is deployed by the fixing member 122 over the detected leak site on the tire.

[0066] The inner layer consists of a fast-acting sealant material designed for immediate air leak containment, while the outer layer provides durable mechanical reinforcement against road impacts and external abrasion. Upon alignment by the fixing member 122, the patch 126 is pressed onto the tire surface under controlled force to ensure uniform adhesion. The patch’s curing process is initiated automatically, allowing for real-time tire repair while the vehicle remains in motion. The patch 126 ensures lasting leak sealing and maintains tire pressure integrity.

[0067] Furthermore, the microcontroller is programmed to process real-time environmental and operational data obtained from the camera 112, the temperature sensor, the gyroscope, the laser measurement sensor, and the thermal sensor. The microcontroller continuously receives, analyzes, and interprets input data from these sensors to monitor tire health and operational conditions. Upon detection of any deviation from predefined safety or performance parameters, the microcontroller is configured to trigger a user notification through an in-vehicle interface or a connected external computing unit, ensuring prompt user awareness.

[0068] The microcontroller processes this multi-source data using embedded machine learning protocols to assess tire conditions, temperature variations, pressure discrepancies, and structural integrity. This notification ensures immediate communication of fault conditions to the user, facilitating timely corrective actions and enhancing vehicle safety during operation. A thermoelectric generator is integrated within the rim cover 101 of the vehicles to capture thermal energy produced due to frictional heat generated during vehicle motion, particularly from the wheel and braking components.

[0069] The thermoelectric generator is configured to convert the absorbed thermal energy directly into electrical energy using thermoelectric conversion principles, wherein temperature differentials across the generator modules produce a voltage output. The generated electrical energy is electrically coupled to the vehicle’s battery management to supplement ongoing battery charging operations, thereby improving overall energy efficiency and vehicle range. The thermoelectric generator operates on the See beck effect principle, where a temperature gradient between the hot surface of the rim cover 101 and the cooler internal surface of the generator creates a voltage difference across thermoelectric materials.

[0070] When frictional heat raises the rim cover 101 temperatures, electrons in the thermoelectric elements move from the hot side to the cold side, generating direct current (DC) electricity. This output is regulated through an integrated power conditioning circuit to maintain voltage compatibility with the vehicle’s battery. The regulated electrical energy is then directed to the battery for storage, effectively enhancing battery charging during vehicle operation. A communication module is integrated with the microcontroller, configured to enable remote monitoring and facilitate integration with external platforms, thereby supporting real-time data transmission.

[0071] The communication module further allows bidirectional communication, thereby enabling both the sending of system-generated data and receiving of external control instructions to support seamless two-way data flow and real-time responsiveness. The communication module operates by establishing a data transmission link using wireless modules like a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, ZigBee, or cellular networks, or through wired connections like Ethernet.

[0072] Upon receiving input signals from the microcontroller, the module converts the data into communication protocol-compliant packets. These packets are transmitted in real-time to designated servers or user devices for monitoring and control purposes. Simultaneously, incoming data or commands from external platforms are received, decoded, and relayed to the microcontroller for execution.

[0073] Moreover, a battery is associated with the device to supply power to electrically powered components which are employed herein. The battery is comprised of a pair of electrodes known as a cathode and an anode. A voltage is generated between the anode and cathode via oxidation/reduction and thus produces the electrical energy to provide to the device.

[0074] The present invention works best in the following manner, where the device operates through continuous coordination between the microcontroller and the integrated components. The microcontroller processes real-time input data received from the camera 112, the temperature sensor, the gyroscopic sensor, the laser measurement sensor, and the thermal sensor to dynamically assess tire health and operational safety. The accelerometer and the gyroscope within the sensing module detect linear acceleration, vibration, angular tilt, and rotational changes of the vehicle wheel. The microcontroller accordingly controls the extension and retraction of the first hydraulic piston 103 and the second hydraulic piston 108, along with angular adjustments through the motorized spherical joints 104 and the first motorized ball-and-socket joint 109 to stabilize and adapt the supporting plate 102 and the foldable flaps 107 based on detected terrain and motion conditions. The piezoelectric unit 106 and the thermoelectric generator harvest energy from mechanical vibrations, pressure, and heat generated from wheel motion and friction, supplementing battery charging. The wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit evaluates inflation levels, temperature, structural integrity, and tread depth while the cooling unit, air inflating unit 113, and leak sealing assembly respond in real time under microcontroller regulation. The communication module further enables external data transmission and user notification through the in-vehicle interface or connected computing units.

[0075] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , Claims:1) A wheel management and energy harvesting device for electric vehicles, comprising:
i) a rim cover 101 integrated with electromagnets adapted to be installed onto wheel(s) of an electric vehicle;
ii) a sensing module integrated with the rim cover 101 for dynamic assessment of vehicle motion and orientation;
iii) a supporting arrangement comprising a supporting plate 102 configured with rim cover 101 to stabilize and dynamically respond to changes in vehicle motion;
iv) a plurality of first hydraulic pistons 103 connecting the supporting plate 102 to the rim cover 101, each piston 103 bar extendable and retractable based on real-time motion data;
v) an omnidirectional wheel 105 mounted on the plate 102, configured to provide multi-directional movement and stabilization in response to external forces acting on the wheel;
vi) a piezoelectric unit 106 positioned between the plate 102 and the wheel to capture mechanical vibrations and pressure from wheel movement and convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy for charging a rechargeable battery embedded within the rim cover 101;
vii) a wheel protection unit provided with the rim cover 101 to form a dynamic, adjustable barrier around the wheels to enhance traction on hazardous or low-friction surfaces; and
viii) a wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit embedded within the wheel protection unit to assess and maintain tire health in real time; and
ix) a microcontroller operatively linked with the device to process real-time environmental and operational data, controlling the functionality of the device by managing the actuation of all integrated functional components.

2) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensing module includes:
a) an accelerometer for detecting linear acceleration and vibration of the vehicle wheel during motion, and
b) a gyroscope for measuring angular tilt and rotational changes of the vehicle wheel.

3) The device as claimed in claim 1, the wheel protection unit includes:
a) a plurality of foldable flaps 107 configured to automatically open and adjust spacing based on the width and rotation of the electric vehicle’s tire,
b) a second hydraulic piston 108 connecting each foldable plate 102 to the rim cover 101, configured to extend and retract in real time based on terrain and stability requirements,
c) a first motorized ball-and-socket joint 109 integrated with the second hydraulic piston 108 for enabling precise angular adjustments and directional responsiveness of each flap,
d) a plurality of primary suction units 110 mounted at the tip of each foldable plate 102 to grip the opposite surface of the tire rim and enhance overall stability, and
e) an internal hollow space carved within the flaps 107, housing a grid-based traction unit, comprising a plurality of pneumatic panels 111 that automatically deploy, retract, or expand based on detected terrain conditions for improved grip and control.

4) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel condition monitoring and conditioning unit includes:
a) a camera 112 integrated with an image recognition protocol to detect over-inflation and under-inflation,
b) an air inflating unit 113 embedded within the rim cover 101, configured with an expandable conduit 114 and nozzle 115 for delivering air, and a clamping unit 116 mounted via an extendable rod 117 and second motorized ball-and-socket joint 118 to align with the tire valve for inflation or deflation,
c) a temperature sensor for detecting excessive tire heat, coupled with a cooling unit including a water chamber 119 and a circular conduit 120 fitted with precision sprayer 121 for evenly spraying water onto the tire surface,
d) a laser measurement sensor for analyzing tread depth, grip effectiveness, and structural deformation of the tire under dynamic terrain conditions,
e) a gyroscopic sensor for monitoring vibration frequency and angular movements of the tire and wheel to detect imbalance, cracks, or early signs of structural failure, and
f) a thermal sensor configured as a leak detector, operatively connected to a fixing member 122 mounted on the rim cover 101 via extendable link 123 and third motorized ball-and-socket joints 124, the fixing member 122 comprising secondary suction units 125 and a dual-layer adhesive patch 126 for sealing detected leaks in real time.

5) The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the microcontroller continuously processes input data from the camera 112, temperature sensor, gyroscopic sensor, laser measurement sensor, and thermal sensor to monitor tire health, and the microcontroller is configured to notify the user through an in-vehicle interface or connected computing unit upon detection of abnormal conditions.

6) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a thermoelectric generator is integrated within the rim cover 101, configured to convert heat generated from friction into electrical energy for supplementing the battery charging.

7) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a motorized spherical joint 104 is integrated between the rim cover 101 and each of the first pistons 103 enabling adaptive angular adjustments of the plate 102.

8) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric unit 106 generates electrical energy from mechanical vibrations and pressure exerted on the omnidirectional wheel 105 during vehicle motion.

9) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnets are mounted on an edge of the rim cover 101 to create an electromagnetic grip securing the rim cover 101 to the wheel during vehicle motion.

10) The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a communication module is integrated with the microcontroller, for remote monitoring, and integration with external platforms supporting real-time data transmission.