Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to window safety systems for locomotives and in particular to a window assembly for locomotives that ensures dynamic protection to occupants by detecting and responding to environmental hazards and emergency conditions in real-time.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] A window in a locomotive serves as both a visual access point and a partial environmental barrier between the train interior and the external surroundings. However, conventional window assemblies lack adaptability to dynamic operating conditions such as pollution, intense sunlight, or external threats. Passengers often experience discomfort due to exposure to harmful UV rays, heat, or outside air contaminants. More critically, existing windows do not contribute to passenger safety in emergencies such as fire, collision, or flooding. The inability of traditional window designs to respond to environmental changes or emergency situations limits their role to a mere static opening.

[0003] In many regions, trains pass through industrial zones, high-pollution urban belts, or hazardous locations identified for risk of unrest or attacks. In such areas, there is an urgent need to reinforce the protection offered by locomotive windows. However, traditional windows fail to deploy shields or filters in response to location-specific data or pollution levels. Additionally, passengers are unable to adjust window visibility or transparency based on sunlight or privacy preferences, leading to discomfort during long journeys. The inability to filter air in real time or block environmental threats dynamically results in a compromised travel experience for passengers in both normal and high-risk operating conditions.

[0004] Moreover, in emergency scenarios such as fire outbreaks or onboard flooding, conventional window structures pose significant limitations. They cannot be converted into exit points nor do they respond to internal hazard detection. In the event of structural damage or system failures, passengers might find themselves trapped due to immobile or sealed windows. Additionally, air quality and hazardous gas buildup inside the cabin cannot be addressed by standard window systems.

[0005] WO2006111870A3 discloses a locomotive window comprising a frame having an opening or window, and at least one glass arranged to slide in the frame so as to achieve at least closed position or an open position of the window. The window is characterised in that to the frame it is associated a weather strip shaped so as to extend on the perimeter of the glass when placed in the closed position of the window and a locking device selectively controllable for determining or an unlocking position of glass in which the glass is arranged to slide or a locking position of the glass in which the glass is maintained pressed on the weather strip and locked in the closed position of the window. The invention relates also to the locking device, to a windowed locomotive door and to a method for manufacturing a locomotive window or a windowed locomotive door. WO’870 allows opening and closing of a window, but lacks adaptability to external threats or environmental changes, which limits safety and comfort during hazardous conditions.

[0006] CN102678024B discloses a railway vehicle window and an assembly and disassembly method thereof. Processes of drilling, tapping and the like for a vehicle are not required, hollow glasses and window frames are preassembled to be an integrated structure and are fastened to be a whole through bolts and a fixing frame, a direct type installation from vehicle body inner side and a disassembling and a replacement from inner and outer sides can be achieved, and the rapid, simple and direct installation, disassembling and replacement can be achieved. The railway vehicle window comprises the hollow glasses and the window frames, the hollow glasses and the window frames are preassembled to be the integrated structure, and sealing gums are filled between the hollow glasses and the vehicle body. The fixing frame is installed on the inner side of the vehicle body in a fastening mode, and the fixing frame is connected with the window frames through the bolts. During a specific installation, the window frames and the fixing frame are fastened to be a vehicle window whole beforehand and are wholly installed on the vehicle body from the interior of the vehicle, and then the fixing frame is installed on the inner side of the vehicle body in a fastening mode. During disassembly, the sealing gums can be removed from the outer side of the vehicle body, the bolts of the fixing frame can be disassembled from the inner side of the vehicle body, at the moment, longitudinal front and rear fastening structures of the window frames and the hollow glasses are removed, and the window frames and the hollow glasses are merely required to be outwards pushed out. During replacement, a new whole of window frames and hollow glasses is installed into the vehicle body from the outer side of the vehicle body, and the window frames are connected with the fixing frame through fixing bolts on the inner side of the vehicle body. CN’024 simplifies the installation and replacement of a window for railway vehicles, but fails to offer responsive functionality during emergencies or polluted conditions, making it unsuitable for safety-critical or pollution-sensitive environments.

[0007] Conventionally, many devices and systems are available for use in locomotives that primarily focus on basic protection and light regulation, however these conventional systems fail to offer dynamic environmental control or emergency responsiveness and also do not provide any adaptation to varying pollution levels, sun intensity, or geographical threat zones. Furthermore, these device and systems are unable to actively respond to internal hazard events such as fire, smoke, or water ingress, which may endanger occupants by delaying escape routes or failing to maintain breathable air quality.

[0008] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a window that not only provides protection and filtration but also adapts in real time to environmental, locational, and internal hazard conditions. In addition, the developed window requires to be potent enough of automatically managing air quality, visibility, and threat response, while also enabling safe evacuation during life-threatening situations.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0010] An object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of automatically adjusting its transparency based on sunlight intensity, minimizing glare and eye strain for occupants while maintaining clear outside visibility.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of offering real-time shielding from external physical threats or environmental risks, especially when the locomotive passes through high-risk or geographically sensitive areas, improving occupant’s safety without requiring manual intervention.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of monitoring surrounding air conditions and selectively filters out harmful particles, gases, and biological contaminants, ensuring cleaner and healthier air for occupants during travel.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of adapting its features to match external conditions by continuously analyzing parameters such as location, pollution level, and atmospheric pressure, thereby reducing the need for constant occupant oversight.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of transforming into an accessible escape route, in case of internal hazards like fire, smoke, water intrusion, or collisions in view of enabling rapid and safe occupant evacuation without reliance on traditional emergency exits.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of allowing occupants to manually control key functionalities, giving occupants flexibility to customize the environment according to their comfort or operational needs.

[0016] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a window that is capable of ensuring constant monitoring of both internal and external threats, proactively reducing risks and enhancing the overall safety and reliability of the travel experience.

[0017] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention relates to a window assembly for locomotives that provides external visibility, filtering environmental pollutants, and adjusting to geographic and atmospheric conditions and enabling rapid and safe occupant evacuation without reliance on traditional emergency exits.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a window assembly for locomotives, comprising a frame, includes at least four corners in which bottom two corners are embodied with a motorized pivot joint installed in between the locomotive and frame and top two corners are embodied with an electromagnetic clamp, the electromagnetic clamps also get disengaged and the motorized pivot joint rotates the frame inside the locomotive to provide a support for escape from the locomotive, a retractable electrochromic glass installed over the frame, a photo resistor is installed over the frame to determine intensity of sun rays and adjust the color of electrochromic glass to minimize the intensity of sun rays, a retractable shield installed adjacent to the electrochromic glass, a plurality of retractable filters arranged adjacent to the shield, a plurality of guiding rails and rollers configured to individually control retractable motion of the electronic glass, shield and filters, a user control module, to activate corresponding guiding rail and roller for retractable motion of the electrochromic glass, the user control module includes a touch interactive display panel installed over the frame to provide a series of options including manual control of the guiding rails, electrochromic glass, a location tracking module integrated with a control unit to track and compare real time location of the locomotive with a pre-set database (includes a list of locations having potential threat outside the locomotive) and deploy the shield based on the comparison.

[0020] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the window further includes a sensing module installed over the frame, configured to determine pollution concentration, to individually control deployment of the filters depending on the concentration, the sensing module includes air quality sensors, preferably to determine PM 2.5, VOC, CO2 and formaldehyde, flu based on which the guiding rail and rollers of filters are controlled, the filters include a standard pore based filter for PM 2.5, an activated carbon filter for VOC, CO2 and formaldehyde and antimicrobial mesh layer for flu-out break, a pressure sensor deployed over the frame to determine the pressure outside the locomotive, to prevent activation of filters in case the pressure is beyond a threshold value, a hazard detection module, disposed within the locomotive to determine a potential hazard and automatically control all the rollers for retracting each of the shield, filters and glass to provide an escape route to occupants, the hazard detection module includes a fire sensor, smoke sensor, water level sensor, impact sensor and a gas sensor and exhaust fan installed over the frame to determine hazardous gases and correspondingly activate the fan to release the gasses outside the locomotive.

[0021] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates an isometric view of a window assembly for locomotives; and
Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates an isometric view the window in deployed state forms a ramp like structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0024] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0025] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0026] The present invention relates to a window assembly for locomotives that detects critical internal hazards such as fire, smoke, water levels or collision impact, and automatically providing a quick evacuation route for passengers, thereby ensuring minimal risk to passenger safety during unforeseen events.

[0027] Referring to Figure 1 and 2, an isometric view of a window assembly for locomotives and an isometric view the window in deployed state forms a ramp like structure, are illustrated, respectively, comprising a frame 101, which includes at least four corners in which bottom two corners are embodied with a motorized pivot joints 102 installed in between the locomotive and frame 101 and top two corners are embodied with an electromagnetic clamp 103, a retractable electrochromic glass 104, a retractable shield 105 and a plurality of retractable filters 106, via a plurality of guiding rails 107 and rollers 108, a touch interactive display panel 109 installed over the frame 101 and an exhaust fan 110 installed over the frame 101.

[0028] The window disclosed herein comprises a frame 101, which serves as a main structure of the window and is developed to be fixed within a cut-out or designated window cavity of the locomotive's outer wall, typically on the side of occupant’s compartment. The locomotive is railway engine or powered vehicle that provides the motive force (i.e., propulsion) for a train. The frame 101 is designed with at least four structural corners, where the bottom-left and bottom-right corners of the frame 101 are integrated with motorized pivot joints 102, which are mounted between the frame 101 and the lower internal edge of the locomotive wall structure. The top-left and top-right corners of the frame 101 are equipped with electromagnetic clamps 103, which are mounted between the top edge of the frame 101 and the upper inner structure of the locomotive wall.

[0029] Under normal conditions, the pivot joints 102 remain locked in a fixed orientation to keep the frame 101 rigid and immobile and clamps 103 remain energized, creating a strong magnetic attraction that holds the top corners of the frame 101 rigidly in place.

[0030] An array of guiding rails 107 and rollers 108 are installed within the structural boundaries of the frame 101, where a retractable electrochromic glass 104, a retractable shield 105 and plurality of retractable filters 106 are configured with dedicated set of guiding rails 107 and rollers 108 to prevent mechanical conflict and ensure smooth parallel motion. The rollers 108 are attached to the bottom or side edges of each retractable component and are driven by electric actuators, such as stepper or servo motors, capable of precise positional control.

[0031] Firstly, the electrochromic glass 104 is a multi-layered glass consisting of two transparent glass panes sandwiching an electrochromic layer, an ion-conducting electrolyte, and a counter electrode. Upon application of a low voltage, ions move between the electrochromic and counter layers, thereby causing a reversible change in the tint of the glass 104. This tint modulation varies from fully transparent to various levels of opacity, depending on user preference or ambient light conditions. The glass 104 is mounted within integrated guiding rail embedded in the frame 101 and able to retract automatically or manually through a dedicated roller to enhance visibility or facilitates emergency escape when needed.

[0032] Additionally, the glass 104 is designed to operate in both automatic and manual modes, selectable via a user control module, which preferably includes a touch interactive display panel 109. In automatic mode, a photoresistor, installed over the frame 101 to detect the intensity of sunlight or ambient light incident on the window and continuously governs the tint level of the electrochromic glass 104 in real time, providing adaptive lighting control as the locomotive moves through varying light environments (e.g., tunnels, open fields, station platforms).

[0033] The core operating principle of a photoresistor is based on photoconductivity its electrical resistance decreases as the intensity of incoming light increases. The photoresistor is made of semiconducting materials, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS), which exhibit changes in conductivity in response to varying photon energy levels.

[0034] In low light or dark conditions, the semiconductor within the photoresistor has very high resistance (typically in the megaohm range), restricting the flow of current through the sensor. As sunlight or ambient light strikes the surface of the sensor, photons excite the electrons in the semiconducting material, freeing them and thus increasing its electrical conductivity. This leads to a reduction in resistance, allowing more current to pass through the circuit. The photoresistor is connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which constantly reads the resistance level and converts it into a digital signal representing the ambient light intensity.

[0035] The digital light intensity signal is then compared with a predefined threshold or dynamic control logic embedded in a control unit associated with the window. If the detected light intensity exceeds a comfort or safety threshold such as excessive sunlight causing glare inside the cabin or contributing to heat buildup, the control unit responds by adjusting the electrochromic glass 104 accordingly. Specifically, the control unit applies an appropriate control voltage across the electrochromic layer to darken or tint the glass 104, thereby reducing the amount of sunlight entering cabin of locomotive and improving visibility and thermal comfort for the occupants.

[0036] In manual mode, the occupant accesses the display panel 109, which is typically an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen that presents output in a visible form. The screen is equipped with touch-sensitive technology, allowing the occupant to interact directly with the display using their fingers. A touch controller IC (Integrated Circuit) is responsible for processing the analog signals generated when the occupant inputs details.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, the touch controller is typically connected to the microcontroller through various interfaces which may include but are not limited to SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) or I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)

[0038] Secondly, the retractable shield 105 that serves as a protective barrier against physical threats from the exterior environment. This shield 105 is constructed from laminated bullet-resistant glass or composite armour sheet, and its primary function is to guard the electrochromic glass 104 and locomotive occupants from flying debris, projectiles, or acts of vandalism. The shield 105 is independently retractable and is installed on its own guiding rail, allowing it to move parallel to or behind the electrochromic glass 104.

[0039] The shield 105 remains stored in a recessed panel when not in use and is automatically deployed based on inputs from a location tracking module integrated with the control unit, which references a database of high-risk zones along the locomotive’s route.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the location tracking typically employs Global Positioning System (GPS), using a GPS receiver embedded within the locomotive’s electronics. The GPS receiver collects satellite signals and triangulates the locomotive’s position in terms of latitude, longitude, and altitude. This data is updated in real time with high precision, enabling to track the locomotive’s movement across its entire route.

[0041] The GPS receiver is interfaced with the control unit, which contains a pre-programmed database of location coordinates corresponding to known high-risk zones. These zones may include areas with a history of stone-pelting incidents, sabotage, theft-prone stretches, or regions near politically or socially sensitive boundaries. The database entries are typically structured in the form of geofenced coordinates, with predefined radius zones or GPS polygon boundaries marking areas of concern.

[0042] As the locomotive moves, the control unit compares the live GPS coordinates received from the tracking module with the stored geofenced zones in the database. This comparison is executed through real-time geospatial matching protocols, which check if the current location lies within or near any defined high-risk boundary. Upon detection of a high-risk zone, the control unit immediately sends activation signals to the guiding rails 107 and rollers 108 associated with the retractable shield 105 installed adjacent to the electrochromic glass 104.

[0043] The shield 105 is then automatically deployed into the protective position over the window, forming a physical barrier to protect the glass 104 and occupants from potential external threats such as projectiles or debris. This deployment is carried out without requiring manual intervention, thereby responding proactively and autonomously based on environmental risk.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, the location tracking module also interacts with the user control interface, displaying a real-time map overlay or alert notification on the touch display panel 109 inside the cabin. This visual feedback allows the locomotive operator to be aware of the current risk level and override or adjust responses if necessary.

[0045] Upon detecting such the location, the shield 105 gets deployed for enhanced protection for a predetermined duration (such as 5 minutes) and display a live countdown timer on the panel, ensuring the window remain closed to avoid external disturbances or potential hazards.

[0046] Lastly, the plurality of retractable filters 106 is further arranged in layered fashion adjacent to the retractable shield 105, specifically designed to ensure optimal air quality inside the locomotive cabin. These filters 106 are categorized based on their filtering functions: a standard PM 2.5 filter to trap fine particulate matter, an activated carbon filter to absorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and formaldehyde, and an antimicrobial mesh layer treated with antibacterial agents to combat airborne pathogens and viral agents during flu outbreaks. Each filter is mounted on an independent guiding rail.

[0047] The deployment of the filters 106, automatically regulated by a sensing module, embedded in the frame 101 near air ingress points, includes an array of air quality sensors, which continuously monitors the surrounding air using embedded sensors. The sensing module includes air quality sensors, preferably to determine PM 2.5, VOC, CO2 and formaldehyde.

[0048] The PM 2.5 sensor detects fine airborne particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres. Internally, it operates using a laser scattering principle, where a laser diode emits a beam into an enclosed chamber. Air is drawn into the chamber using a micro-fan or pump. When PM 2.5 particles pass through the laser beam, they scatter the light, and the scattered light is detected by a photodiode sensor placed at a specific angle. The intensity and frequency of scattered light pulses are processed by the control unit, which calculates the concentration of PM 2.5 in micrograms per cubic meter.

[0049] On the other hand, the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sensor operates based on metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) technology. Internally, it contains a sensing layer made of tin dioxide (SnO₂) that reacts chemically when VOC gases (e.g., benzene, toluene, acetone) come in contact with its surface. These interactions alter the electrical resistance of the material. As VOC gases are adsorbed onto the sensor surface, electrons are exchanged, resulting in a measurable change in conductivity. This change is interpreted by a signal conditioning circuit, which then outputs a digital concentration level.

[0050] The carbon dioxide (CO₂) sensor typically uses Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) technology. The sensor includes an infrared light source, a gas chamber, and an infrared detector with a CO₂-specific optical filter. As cabin air is introduced into the chamber, CO₂ molecules absorb infrared light at a specific wavelength. The decrease in IR light intensity reaching the detector correlates to the concentration of CO₂, which is then calculated and sent to the control unit as a digital signal.

[0051] The formaldehyde sensor often employs an electrochemical detection principle, wherein the gas reacts with an electrolyte-coated sensing electrode to produce a chemical reaction that generates a tiny electric current proportional to the concentration of formaldehyde. These sensors are extremely sensitive and capable of detecting concentrations in parts per billion (ppb). The sensor is integrated with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a microcontroller for real-time data processing and communication with the locomotive’s control unit.

[0052] Based on real-time pollution concentration levels, the control unit selectively extends one or more filters 106 into the air passage, optimizing airflow while ensuring protection from specific pollutants. This modular and automated filter deployment enhances environmental control within the cabin while conserving energy and filter lifespan.

• For example, when the locomotive enters an industrial zone or a tunnel with high soot or dust levels, the PM 2.5 sensor detects an elevated particle count (e.g., 180 µg/m³ stored in the database). The control unit automatically deploys the standard pore-based filter layer to prevent fine particles from entering the cabin through any ventilation path around the window.
• When the locomotive passes through an area with heavy vehicle traffic or chemical exposure, the VOC sensor detects elevated levels of harmful gases. The control unit responds by deploying the activated carbon filter, which is efficient at absorbing and neutralizing VOCs, thereby maintaining safe indoor air quality for the train crew.
• For example, during peak passenger load or while idling in enclosed, CO₂ levels may rise above safe limits. The CO₂ sensor detects this and triggers deployment of the activated carbon filter, allowing adsorption of excess CO₂ and restoration of breathable cabin conditions.
• If formaldehyde off-gassing occurs from adhesives or new seat materials inside the cabin, the formaldehyde sensor detects concentrations above a safe threshold (e.g., 100 ppb). The control unit then activates the activated carbon filter, which is highly effective at adsorbing such chemical pollutants and protecting the crew’s long-term health.

[0053] A multi-coloured LED light strip is integrated around the frame 101 to change color based on the pollution level while the locomotive is running, providing a visual alert to open the window for fresh air circulation.
• If pollution level is low outside the locomotive (e.g., within a green zone of the geofenced area), the LED glows green, indicating it's safe to open the window for ventilation.
• If pollution rises suddenly in an industrial zone, the LED turns red, warning occupants not to open the window to avoid exposure to harmful air.
• If mild pollution is detected but the cabin CO₂ level is high, the LED glows yellow, advising passengers to open the window briefly for better air balance.

[0054] A pressure sensor is installed over the frame 101, continuously monitoring the atmospheric pressure outside the locomotive. Internally, this sensor is most likely based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, which utilizes a diaphragm or strain-gauge element that flexes in response to external air pressure. This deformation changes the electrical characteristics (resistance or capacitance) of the sensor element, and these changes are converted into a digital pressure reading by the control unit.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor is calibrated in Pascals (Pa) or hectopascals (hPa) and is capable of detecting subtle variations in environmental pressure as the locomotive travels through tunnels, elevated regions, or adverse weather conditions.

[0056] The pressure sensor is integrated directly with the control unit and operates in tandem with the sensing module responsible for air quality management. Its core role is to function as a pre-check gatekeeper for the deployment of any of the retractable filters 106 (PM 2.5 filter, activated carbon filter, or antimicrobial mesh). As the control unit continuously collects air quality data from the sensors, the pressure sensor ensures that filters 106 are only activated if and when the external air pressure is within a predefined safe range. If the detected external pressure falls below or above a critical threshold, the control unit temporarily suspends the deployment of the filters 106.

[0057] This suspension is crucial because rapid changes in atmospheric pressure such as those experienced in tunnels, high-altitude routes, or during inclement weather may lead to structural stress or malfunction if filters 106 are extended during such conditions. filters 106 deployed under low-pressure conditions may be susceptible to fluttering, improper sealing, or mechanical stress, which compromise their filtration efficiency or damage the guiding rails 107 and rollers 108. Similarly, high-pressure airflows may force particles deeper into the filters 106 or interfere with uniform airflow management within the cabin.

[0058] For instance, if the locomotive enters a mountain tunnel where the external pressure suddenly drops, the pressure sensor detects this abnormal condition and sends a signal to the control unit to block or delay filter deployment, even if the air quality sensors are reading elevated pollution levels. Once the pressure stabilizes above the threshold, the control unit allows normal filter operation to resume.

[0059] A fail-safe spring arrangement engages during a power cut, letting users manually move the curtain or filter using a grip handle embedded in the frame 101.

[0060] A hazard detection module, paired with the window, to continuously monitor the surrounding and detect potential life-threatening conditions. This hazard detection module integrates a network of environmental and structural sensors including a fire sensor, smoke sensor, water level sensor, and impact sensor, where each designed to identify specific categories of emergencies. These sensors are electrically interfaced with a dedicated processing unit, which evaluates real-time sensor data against predefined hazard thresholds. When a potential hazard is detected, the control unit initiates an emergency sequence, overriding standard operational behaviour to prioritize crew evacuation and structural access.

[0061] The fire sensor, typically based on an infrared flame detection or thermocouple temperature sensing principle, detects rapid heat buildup or direct flame signatures. When an unusually high temperature or combustion signature is identified within the cabin, the sensor sends a high-priority signal to the hazard detection module.

[0062] In parallel, the smoke sensor, often based on photoelectric detection, identifies the presence of smoke particles by monitoring light scattering within a detection chamber. It detects early-stage combustion and is often the first to trigger in smouldering fire scenarios.

[0063] The water level sensor, detects rising water levels due to flood conditions, leakages, or emergency water discharges. It often uses capacitive or conductive probes to sense the presence of water at defined vertical points. On the other hand, the impact sensor, usually an accelerometer, detects sudden shock or force indicative of a collision, derailment, or structural breach. When any of these sensors register values beyond the safety threshold, the hazard detection module interprets this as a potential hazard condition requiring immediate evacuation response.

[0064] Upon hazard confirmation, the control logic within the module sends override signals to the actuation circuits of all rollers 108 controlling the electrochromic glass 104, protective shield 105, and air filters 106. These components are rapidly and automatically retracted into their respective compartments, clearing the entire window aperture. This creates a direct path for escape, unblocked by any protective or filtration layers, which under normal circumstances occupy the space.

[0065] Simultaneously, the hazard detection module sends a disengagement signal to the electromagnetic clamps 103 mounted at the top corners of the window frame 101. These clamps 103, which normally hold the frame 101 rigidly in place, are fail-safe and designed to release automatically when power is cut or when they receive a deactivation command. The moment the clamps 103 disengage; the control unit sends an activation command to the motorized pivot joints 102 located at the bottom corners of the frame 101. These joints, powered by compact servo or geared motors, rotate the entire window frame 101 inward toward the cabin along a hinged axis.

[0066] This inward rotation reconfigures the window frame 101 into an accessible escape ramp, allowing occupants to climb out of the locomotive through the opening. This ensures that even under stressful, low-visibility conditions, occupants quickly identify and use the window as an egress point, especially when traditional exits are obstructed due to fire, flooding, or collision. In an embodiment of the present invention, the motors in the pivot joints 102 are equipped with torque sensors and limit switches to control the speed and angle of rotation, ensuring the frame 101 does not jam or over-rotate. Once deployed, the frame 101 locks into an open, stable position, providing structural support for occupants during their escape.

[0067] A gas sensor is installed over the frame 101 to detect presence of hazardous gases that may accumulate inside the locomotive cabin due to chemical exposure, fuel leaks, or environmental infiltration. This sensor is typically based on metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) principles. Internally, it comprises a sensitive layer (e.g., tin dioxide or platinum-based catalyst) that changes its electrical resistance when exposed to certain gas molecules such as carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), or methane (CH₄). These interactions are measured in real time, with the analog or digital output being sent to the locomotive’s main control unit for further evaluation.

[0068] The control unit constantly monitors the output of the gas sensor and compares it with predefined threshold values for each hazardous gas type. If the concentration of any detected gas surpasses the safe exposure limit, for example, 50 ppm for carbon monoxide or 10 ppm for hydrogen sulfide—the control unit interprets this as a potential health hazard. The control unit immediately triggers a ventilation response by activating an exhaust fan 110 mounted adjacent to or integrated within the frame 101.

[0069] The exhaust fan 110 is a compact, high-speed, electrically driven centrifugal or axial fan 110 designed to expel contaminated air from the cabin to the outside environment. It is mounted within a vented enclosure embedded in the frame 101, with a duct or grille that opens outward. Once activated, the fan 110 begins to draw air from inside the cabin through its intake and forcefully expel it outward through the exhaust port. The internal fan 110 motor is typically governed by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) driver, allowing variable speed control based on gas concentration levels.
• The exhaust fan 110 rapidly reduces the concentration of hazardous gases to below critical thresholds by diluting and removing contaminated air and prevents re-circulation of toxic substances within the enclosed cabin space, thereby protecting the health and alertness of the occupants.

[0070] For instance, if a fuel vapor leak occurs in an adjacent equipment bay and begins seeping into the cabin of the locomotive, the gas sensor detects a sudden rise in hydrocarbon concentration. Within seconds, the exhaust fan 110 is triggered to operate at full capacity, purging the contaminated air and restoring breathable conditions.

[0071] If a child continuously pulls, presses, or hangs from the frame 101, an artificial intelligence-based camera installed over the frame 101 to detect these actions as abnormal mechanical force on the curtain, which may cause injury to the child. In such cases, the control unit triggers a real-time alert on the display panel 109.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invention works best in the following manner, where the frame 101 fixed securely onto the body of the locomotive. The retractable electrochromic glass 104 is installed over the frame 101 and functions as the primary window pane, offering both visibility and adjustable transparency based on ambient sunlight or user preference. Its transparency is automatically controlled by the photo resistor that detects the intensity of sun rays and adjusts the color of the electrochromic glass 104 accordingly, reducing glare and improving passenger comfort. Adjacent to the electrochromic glass 104, the retractable shield 105 is positioned, which serves as the safety barrier against external impact, debris, or threat-prone areas. Alongside the shield 105, the plurality of retractable filters 106 provides environmental protection and air purification inside the locomotive. These filters 106, including the standard pore-based filter for PM 2.5, the activated carbon filter for VOC, CO₂, and formaldehyde, and the antimicrobial mesh for flu outbreaks, are independently deployable depending on air quality conditions. All retractable components namely, the electrochromic glass 104, shield 105, and filters 106 are operated via guiding rails 107 and rollers 108 mounted along the frame 101. These guiding rails 107 and rollers 108 are individually motorized, allowing precise control over the extension or retraction of each component based on either user command or sensor feedback. The user control module, which includes the touch interactive display panel 109, allows manual control of the guiding rails 107 and the electrochromic glass 104. This panel also displays data from all sensors, giving the operator real-time insights and override capability. To automate functionality based on geography, the location tracking module is included, which continuously compares the real-time location of the locomotive against the pre-set database of areas considered high-risk or environmentally sensitive.

[0073] Upon detecting such the location, the shield 105 gets deployed for enhanced protection for a predetermined duration (such as 5 minutes) and display a live countdown timer on the panel, ensuring the window remain closed to avoid external disturbances or potential hazards. Simultaneously, the sensing module embedded in the frame 101 monitors ambient pollution levels, using air quality sensors to detect PM 2.5, VOC, CO₂, formaldehyde, and flu-like biological contaminants. Based on the concentration of these pollutants, the sensing module commands specific filters 106 to deploy via the guiding rails 107 and rollers 108. the pressure sensor over the frame 101 monitor’s external pressure. If the pressure is outside the safe threshold such as during high-speed transit or steep elevation changes. In case of emergencies within the locomotive, the hazard detection module comes into play. This module includes the fire sensor, smoke sensor, water level sensor, and impact sensor, all integrated to detect potential threats such as fire, flooding, or collisions. If any hazard is detected, the hazard detection module triggers the electrochromic glass 104, shield 105, and all filters 106 are withdrawn to create the open window space. At this point, the electromagnetic clamps 103 at the top two corners of the frame 101 are disengaged, and the motorized pivot joints 102 at the bottom two corners activate to rotate the entire frame 101 inward, forming the secure and accessible escape route for the occupants. To further enhance safety and air quality, the gas sensor and exhaust fan 110 are installed within the frame 101. If hazardous gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, or ammonia are detected, the fan 110 is activated to expel the gases from the locomotive cabin.

[0074] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , Claims:1) A window assembly for locomotives, comprising:
i) a frame 101;
ii) a retractable electrochromic glass 104 installed over the frame 101;
iii) a retractable shield 105 installed adjacent to the electrochromic glass 104;
iv) a plurality of retractable filters 106 arranged adjacent to the shield 105;
v) a plurality of guiding rails 107 and rollers 108 configured to individually control retractable motion of the electronic glass 104, shield 105 and filters 106;
vi) a user control module, to activate corresponding guiding rail and roller for retractable motion of the electrochromic glass 104;
vii) a location tracking module, configured to track and compare real time location of the locomotive with a pre-set database and deploy the shield 105 based on the comparison;
viii) a sensing module installed over the frame 101, configured to determine pollution concentration, to individually control deployment of the filters 106 depending on the concentration;
ix) a pressure sensor deployed over the frame 101 to determine the pressure outside the locomotive, to prevent activation of filters 106 in case the pressure is beyond a threshold value; and
x) a hazard detection module, disposed within the locomotive to determine a potential hazard and automatically control all the rollers 108 for retracting each of the shield 105, filters 106 and glass 104 to provide an escape route to occupants.

2) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-set database includes a list of locations having potential threat outside the locomotive.

3) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hazard detection module includes a fire sensor, smoke sensor, water level sensor, impact sensor.
4) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frame 101 includes at least four corners in which bottom two corners are embodied with a motorized pivot joints 102 installed in between the locomotive and frame 101 and top two corners are embodied with an electromagnetic clamp 103, configured to activate on detection of potential hazard within the locomotive via hazard detection module.

5) The window assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electromagnetic clamps 103 are disengaged and the motorized pivot joints 102 are activated to rotate the frame 101 inside the locomotive to provide a support for escape from the locomotive.

6) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a photo resistor is installed over the frame 101 to determine intensity of sun rays and adjust the color of electrochromic glass 104 to minimize the intensity of sun rays.

7) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the user control module includes a touch interactive display panel 109, configured to provide a series of options including manual control of the guiding rails 107, electrochromic glass 104.

8) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensing module includes air quality sensors, preferably to determine PM 2.5, VOC, CO2 and formaldehyde, flu based on which the guiding rail and rollers 108 of filters 106 are controlled.

9) The window assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the filters 106 include a standard pore-based filter for PM 2.5, an activated carbon filter for VOC, CO2 and formaldehyde and antimicrobial mesh layer for flu-out break.

10) The window assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a gas sensor and exhaust fan 110 installed over the frame 101 to determine hazardous gases and correspondingly activate the fan 110 to release the gasses outside the locomotive.