Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an automated seed sowing machine that is capable of digging the soil and sowing seeds in the soil with accurate depth and spacing to ensure optimal germination and plant growth. Additionally, the machine is capable of automatically dispensing fertilizers post sowing of the seeds in the soil in accordance to the seed type to ensure nutrient availability and foster plant growth.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Sowing seeds marks the beginning of plant growth and plays a vital role in agriculture. This process helps in the production of food such as grains, vegetables, and fruits, which are essential for both human and animal consumption. Proper sowing leads to healthy plants, higher yields, and efficient use of natural resources like soil and water. Sowing supports farmers by providing a source of income and also contributes to environmental protection by promoting greenery, reducing soil erosion, and improving air quality. The preservation of plant diversity and the restoration of forests also depend on the careful sowing of seeds.

[0003] Traditional methods of seed sowing involve simple, manual techniques used by farmers for generations. Common practices include broadcasting, where seeds are scattered by hand over the soil, and using a plough with a funnel to drop seeds into furrows. These methods require minimal tools and rely on human or animal labor. Though less precise, they are cost-effective and widely used in rural farming communities with limited access to modern equipment. Traditional seed sowing methods have several drawbacks. They often lead to uneven seed distribution, resulting in overcrowding or gaps in the field. This reduces crop yield and affects plant growth. Seeds are also sown at incorrect depths, leading to poor germination. Additionally, these methods waste seeds and require more manual labor, making them time-consuming and less efficient.

[0004] CN212876655U discloses a seed sowing device for agriculture. The seed sowing device comprises a device body, a plough tongue lifting mechanism, a cam, a cutting mechanism, a material storage box, a soil pressing roller, a soil filling shovel and a guide wheel. The agricultural seed sowing device is provided with the plow tongue mechanism with the adjustable height, the operation depth can be adjusted according to the actual production requirement, the sowing mechanism has the intermittent discharging function and can conduct intermittent sowing, continuous sowing of seeds is avoided, soil obtained after soil turning and seed sowing of the plow tongue can be backfilled and compacted through the soil filling shovel and the soil pressing roller, and the sowing effect is good. Labor of workers is reduced.

[0005] CN218218267U discloses a wheat seed sowing device which comprises a sowing installation frame, and a sowing seed bouncing mechanism is assembled and connected to the sowing installation frame. The sowing and seed ejecting mechanism comprises an angle adjusting plate, and the two sides of the angle adjusting plate are fixedly connected with an ejecting plate body respectively; an ejection structure is arranged on the elastic plate body; the device further comprises a plurality of seeding bin components which are assembled and connected to the top position of the seeding mounting frame; the seeding bin component comprises sliding seat plates fixedly connected to the top of the seeding mounting frame, rectangular holes are formed in the sliding seat plates, sliding screw rods are fixedly connected into the rectangular holes, sliding frames are assembled and connected to the sliding screw rods, and seeding bins are assembled and connected to the outer ends of the sliding frames. By means of the design of the components of the device, in the wheat sowing process, the ejection mechanism with the flexible angle adjustable is used for assisting wheat seeding ejection sowing, the wheat sowing range is widened, sowing can be flexibly adjusted, and sowing can be assisted in the modes of seeding adjustment, ejection and the like according to the actual sowing requirement.

[0006] Conventionally, many machines have been developed for sowing seeds but these machines lack in dispensing fertilizers post sowing of the seeds in the soil in accordance to the seed type to ensure nutrient availability and foster plant growth. In addition, these machines fail in detecting gaps in the soil covering sown seeds and taking corrective measures to maintain optimal soil coverage to promote better seed germination.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a machine that requires to be capable of dispensing fertilizers post sowing of the seeds in the soil in accordance to the seed type to ensure nutrient availability and foster plant growth. Additionally, the developed machine needs to be capable of detecting gaps in the soil covering sown seeds and taking corrective measures to maintain optimal soil coverage to promote better seed germination.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to develop a machine that is capable of digging the soil and sowing seeds in the soil with accurate depth and spacing to ensure optimal germination and plant growth.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to develop a machine that is capable of dispensing fertilizers post sowing of the seeds in the soil in accordance to the seed type to ensure nutrient availability and foster plant growth.

[0011] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a machine that is capable of detecting gaps in the soil covering sown seeds and accordingly taking corrective measures to maintain optimal soil coverage, thus, promoting better seed germination.

[0012] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention relates to an automated seed sowing machine that is capable of detecting gaps in the soil covering sown seeds and accordingly taking corrective measures to maintain optimal soil coverage, thus, promoting better seed germination.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an automated seed sowing machine, comprises of a lightweight frame cart that is equipped with four wheels and hitching points, front wheels of the cart is connected to pulley for transmitting rotational motion of the front wheels to drive a connected horizontal bar, the front of the horizontal bar is mounted with a central gear, the rotation of the mounted gear drives the bar in a vertical reciprocating motion, allowing the bar to dig into the soil and deposit seeds, the horizontal bar is adapted with an outer cylinder and an inner narrow cylindrical drum connected to the seed-dispensing outlet which moves up and down to open and close the seed outlet, if an integrated seed flow sensor detects that the seed drop irregularity from the seed outlet and a depth sensor detects that the seeds are not deposited at correct depth, then the processing module alerts an operator for checking drum synchronization/seed dispensing outlet, a soil digger attachment is mounted on the tip of the horizontal bar using a screw linkage and a soil transportation module is also integrated in the machine to transport the soil dug, the module includes motorized conveyor belt and a RPM sensor, the soil digger attachment corresponds to interchangeable soil-type attachments such as V-blade, scoop type, twin tine, rotary disc, the attachment includes a spring-controlled assembly that allows it to rotate slightly under the weight of the collected soil guiding the soil smoothly onto the conveyor belt, the depth dug by the soil digger is precisely controlled using a vertical screw adjuster, allowing for accurate and consistent soil penetration, the soil digger attachment is integrated with an optical sensor to detect rotation of the attachment for depositing the soil dug by the attachment onto the conveyor belt, if the optical sensor detects that the attachment is not rotating properly to guide soil onto the conveyor belt due to incorrect spring tension or soil load imbalance, the processing module prompts the operator to adjust the spring accordingly and also clean out the excessive soil stuck in the attachment, if the optical sensor detects soil missing the conveyor belt, the processing module alerts the operator to realign the adapter mount to the correct angle, the conveyor belt is powered by the same gear that drives the seed metering drum, ensuring synchronized operation between soil transport and seed dispensing, if the RPM sensor detects that the conveyor belt and seed metering drum are out of sync due to gear wear, the processing module alerts the operator to inspect and adjust the worn gear components, a fertilizer storage chamber is adapted with a delivery tube that is mounted alongside the horizontal bar to deposit fertilizer directly into the dug hole after the seed is placed in the dug hole, the amount of fertilizer dispensed from the fertilizer chamber is regulated by an electronically controlled rotary valve in the fertilizer tube outlet, the processing module adjusts the fertilizer volume based on seed type, real-time soil nutrient levels from embedded NPK sensors.

[0015] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the machine further comprises of an IR-based fertilizer flow sensor that is mounted at the tube outlet to confirm fertilizer discharge, the sensor controls the valve opening duration and adjusts the valve’s opening angle dynamically to dispense precise amounts of fertilizer, a soil probe holder is mounted on the horizontal bar in proximity to the digger attachment, the soil probe holder employs an integrated NPK sensor suite to enable real-time measurement of soil nutrient levels, the soil probe holder is activated to insert a probe into the soil once the attachment is through with digging the soil and the fertilizer unit has spread the fertilizer, the soil probe holder is equipped with a spring-loaded assembly to maintain downward pressure, keeping the NPK sensor in contact with the soil, an adjustable flap is integrated on the cart to spread the soil collected by the conveyor belt over the dug trench, the adjustable flap corresponds to a rotary disc that is adjustable, allowing the operator to control the amount of soil being spread over the buried seed, if a proximity sensor that is attached to the flap detects the gaps/inconsistent soil cover over seeds, the processing module alerts the operator to increase the flap angle, if the depth sensor that is attached near the flap measures excessive height of the soil layer, then the processing module alerts the operator to reduce the flap spread angle and decrease the soil feed rate on the conveyor belt, a plurality of sensors is installed on the horizontal bar to detect and analyze various soil conditions, the plurality of sensors, include a soil moisture sensor to measures the volumetric water content in soil, a soil temperature sensor to monitor soil temperature, influencing seed germination, the plurality of sensors, further include a soil pH sensor to determine the acidity/alkalinity of the soil that affects nutrient availability and microbial activity and an air temperature sensor and humidity sensor to detect ambient air temperature and relative humidity to monitor climate conditions critical for plant health, a communication module is integrated with the cart, the communication module includes a Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections units to transmit sowing data from the sensors to a smartphone application, the data includes key farming activities such as soil digging, seed sowing, soil transfer to the conveyor belt and attachment selection control, enabling real-time monitoring and efficient farm tracking.

[0016] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 illustrates an isometric view of an automated seed sowing machine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0019] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0020] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0021] The present invention relates to an automated seed sowing machine that is capable of detecting gaps in the soil covering sown seeds and accordingly taking corrective measures to maintain optimal soil coverage, thus, promoting better seed germination.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1, an isometric view of an automated seed sowing machine is illustrated, comprising a lightweight frame cart 101 that is equipped with four wheels 102, front wheels 102 of the cart 101 is connected to pulley 103, a horizontal bar 104, the front of the horizontal bar 104 is mounted with a central gear 105, an inner narrow cylindrical drum 106 connected to the seed-dispensing outlet 107, a soil digger attachment 108 is mounted on the tip of the horizontal bar 104, motorized conveyor belt 109, the attachment 108 includes a spring-controlled assembly 110, a fertilizer storage chamber 111 is adapted with a delivery tube 112, an electronically controlled rotary valve 113, a soil probe holder 114 is mounted on the horizontal bar 104, an adjustable flap 115 is integrated on the cart 101, the cart 101 is capable of attaching to a farming vehicle using mounted clamps 116.

[0023] The machine disclosed herein employs a lightweight frame cart 101 that is equipped with four wheels 102 and hitching points. The frame cart 101 is designed for weight balancing and tilt control. This frame cart 101 is designed with four wheels 102, ensuring stable movement and maneuverability across various types of terrain, commonly encountered during agricultural operations. A processing module is associated with the machine to allow all the linked components to perform their respective task upon actuation.

[0024] Front wheels 102 of the cart 101 is connected to pulley 103 for transmitting rotational motion of the front wheels 102 to drive a connected horizontal bar 104. The pulley 103 functions as a mechanical transmission assistance that transfers rotational motion from the front wheels 102 to the connected horizontal bar 104. When the front wheels 102 rotate, due to the movement of the cart 101, their axle, which is mechanically linked to the pulley 103, also rotates. The pulley 103, mounted on this axle, turns in unison with the wheels 102. A rope runs over this pulley 103 and is connected to another pulley fixed to the horizontal bar 104. As the pulley 103 on the wheel axle spins, it moves the rope, which in turn rotates the second pulley. This allows the continuous rotation of the front wheels 102 to be transmitted smoothly and proportionally to the horizontal bar 104.

[0025] The front of the horizontal bar 104 is mounted with a central gear 105. The rotation of the mounted gear 105 drives the bar 104 in a vertical reciprocating motion, allowing the bar 104 to dig into the soil and deposit seeds. The central gear 105 converts the rotational motion into vertical reciprocating motion. When the gear 105 rotates, the teeth engage with a connecting gear 105 that is linked to the horizontal bar 104. As the gear 105 turns, it drives the bar 104 in an up-and-down motion, with the gear's teeth continuously meshing with the follower to produce this vertical movement. This motion allows the bar 104 to dig into the soil as it moves downward and then lift back up as the gear 105 continues the rotation.

[0026] The horizontal bar 104 is adapted with an outer cylinder and an inner narrow cylindrical drum 106 connected to the seed-dispensing outlet 107, which moves up and down to open and close the seed outlet 107. The seed-dispensing outlet 107 utilizes the inner narrow cylindrical drum 106 that serves as a metering arrangement to regulate the flow of seeds. This drum 106 is vertically movable. When in the closed position, the drum 106 blocks the passage, preventing any seeds from flowing out. If an integrated seed flow sensor detects that the seed drop irregularity from the seed outlet 107 and a depth sensor detects that the seeds are not deposited at correct depth, then the processing module alerts an operator for checking drum 106 synchronization/seed dispensing outlet 107.

[0027] The seed flow sensor preferably uses an optical detection technique to monitor the regularity of seed dropping from the seed outlet 107. Inside the sensor, an infrared (IR) emitter and a photodetector are positioned opposite each other along the seed path. As seeds pass through the outlet 107, they intermittently block the IR light beam. The photodetector senses these interruptions in light intensity, converting them into electrical signals. The processing module analyzes the frequency and pattern of these signals to determine whether seeds are dropping regularly. If the seed flow becomes irregular, meaning seeds either cluster together, get stuck, or stop dropping altogether, the sensor output varies from the expected pattern, triggering the alert for the operator.

[0028] The depth sensor often operates using an ultrasonic detection method to measure the precise depth at which seeds are deposited. The sensor emits ultrasonic pulses directed toward the ground beneath the seed outlet 107. These pulses reflect back from the soil surface, and the sensor measures the time taken for the echo to return. By calculating this time-of-flight, the sensor determines the distance between itself and the soil surface. Comparing this measured distance to a predefined desired depth allows the machine to verify if seeds are being deposited correctly. If the measured depth deviates beyond an acceptable range, the sensor signals the processing module, which then alerts the operator to check for issues like drum 106 synchronization or seed dispensing malfunctions.

[0029] A soil digger attachment 108 is mounted on the tip of the horizontal bar 104 using a screw linkage, and a soil transportation module is also integrated in the machine, including motorized conveyor belt 109 and a RPM sensor. The screw linkage at the tip of the horizontal bar 104 connects the soil digger attachment 108 to the bar 104, allowing it to move vertically in a controlled manner. This linkage consists of a screw arrangement, where the bar's vertical reciprocation motion, driven by the central gear 105, is converted into linear movement for the soil digger. As the bar 104 moves downward, the screw threads engage with the attachment 108, causing it to dig into the soil. The threaded design of the screw linkage ensures precise control over the depth and stability of the soil digger, allowing the digger arrangement to maintain a consistent depth while digging. The screw linkage also prevents wobbling and misalignment, ensuring the digger arrangement remains firmly in place during the operation.

[0030] The motorized conveyor belt 109 is designed to move the loosened soil away from the digger after the soil is excavated. The conveyor belt 109 is powered by a small motor and set in motion to transport the soil from the digging area to the secondary part of the machine. The motor's rotational energy drives the belt, causing it to move soil efficiently. The belt is typically constructed of durable material with enough traction to handle the soil without slipping.

[0031] The RPM sensor used in the soil transportation module operates based on the optical detection method to monitor the speed of the motor driving the conveyor belt 109. The sensor consists of an emitter and a photodetector positioned near a rotating component, such as a reflective disc on the motor shaft. As the motor rotates, the disc passes in front of the sensor. Each time the surface passes the sensor, it reflects light back to the photodetector, triggering a pulse. The sensor counts the number of pulses within a set time frame and calculates the RPM based on the frequency of these pulses. The faster the motor shaft rotates, the more pulses are detected by the photodetector, and this information is sent to the processing module. If the RPM falls outside the desired range, the processing module adjusts the motor’s speed to maintain optimal performance of the conveyor belt 109.

[0032] The soil digger attachment 108 corresponds to interchangeable soil-type attachments 108 such as V-blade, scoop type, twin tine, rotary disc, the attachment 108 includes a spring-controlled assembly 110 that allows it to rotate slightly under the weight of the collected soil, guiding the soil smoothly onto the conveyor belt 109. The spring-controlled assembly 110 allows for flexible movement and smooth soil transfer by using torsion springs. These springs are strategically placed at the pivot points of the attachment 108, providing resistance that enables the attachment 108 to rotate slightly under the weight of the collected soil. As the attachment 108 digs into the soil, it gathers and lifts the soil, and the weight of the collected material causes the attachment 108 to rotate slightly. The torsion springs at the pivot points absorb this rotational force, allowing the attachment 108 to adjust the angle without resistance, ensuring that soil is guided gently and consistently onto the conveyor belt 109.

[0033] The depth dug by the soil digger attachment 108 is precisely controlled using a vertical screw adjuster, allowing for accurate and consistent soil penetration. The soil digger attachment 108 is integrated with an optical sensor to detect rotation of the attachment 108 for depositing the soil dug by the attachment 108 onto the conveyor belt 109. The optical sensor operates using an infrared (IR) reflection method to detect the rotation of the attachment 108. The sensor consists of an IR emitter and a photodetector positioned across from each other. As the soil digger attachment 108 rotates, it moves past the sensor. The IR emitter sends out a beam of infrared light, which is reflected off the surface or a reflective marker on the rotating attachment 108. The photodetector then receives the reflected light. The frequency and timing of the reflected light pulses allow the optical sensor to measure the speed and direction of the rotation. By continuously detecting these reflections as the attachment 108 rotates, the sensor provides real-time data on the movement of the attachment 108. This data is used to synchronize the release of soil onto the conveyor belt 109, ensuring that the dug soil is deposited for efficient transfer and transport.

[0034] If the optical sensor detects that the attachment 108 is not rotating properly to guide soil onto the conveyor belt 109 due to incorrect spring tension or soil load imbalance, the processing module prompts the operator to adjust the spring accordingly and also clean out the excessive soil stuck in the attachment 108. If the optical sensor detects soil missing the conveyor belt 109, the processing module alerts the operator to realign the adapter mount to the correct angle.

[0035] The conveyor belt 109 is powered by the same gear that drives the seed metering drum 106, ensuring synchronized operation between soil transport and seed dispensing. If the RPM sensor detects that the conveyor belt 109 and seed metering drum 106 are out of sync due to gear wear, the processing module alerts the operator to inspect and adjust the worn gear components.

[0036] A fertilizer storage chamber 111 is adapted with a delivery tube 112 that is mounted alongside the horizontal bar 104 to deposit fertilizer directly into the dug hole after the seed is placed in the dug hole. The delivery tube 112 is designed to efficiently deposit fertilizer directly into the dug hole after the seed is placed. The delivery tube 112 is typically constructed from durable, flexible, and corrosion-resistant materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These materials are chosen for their strength, resistance to abrasion, and ability to withstand exposure to fertilizers, which is chemically aggressive. The tube 112 is designed to be lightweight yet sturdy enough to handle the pressures of fertilizer flow without deformation.

[0037] The amount of fertilizer dispensed from the fertilizer chamber 111 is regulated by an electronically controlled rotary valve 113 in the fertilizer tube 112 outlet. The processing module adjusts the fertilizer volume based on seed type, real-time soil nutrient levels from embedded NPK sensors. The rotary valve 113 used in the fertilizer tube 112 outlet is typically made from stainless steel that offers resistance to corrosion, wear, and the abrasive properties of fertilizers. The valve 113 consists of a rotating spindle with a valve 113 seat, which regulates the flow of fertilizer by adjusting the opening size at the outlet. The construction ensures that the valve 113 handles continuous operation and exposure to harsh chemicals without degrading. The valve’s material must also provide a tight seal to prevent leaks and ensure precise control over fertilizer flow.

[0038] The NPK sensors measure soil nutrient levels and are typically constructed with metal electrodes coated with conductive materials that react with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds in the soil. These sensors use electrochemical detection methods to determine nutrient concentrations. When inserted into the soil, the electrodes measure the electrical conductivity or ion concentration of the soil, which directly correlates to the levels of NPK nutrients. The sensor casing is usually made from corrosion-resistant plastic to withstand soil moisture, chemicals, and mechanical stresses.

[0039] An IR-based fertilizer flow sensor is mounted at the tube 112 outlet to confirm fertilizer discharge. The sensor controls the valve 113 opening duration and adjusts the valve’s opening angle dynamically to dispense precise amounts of fertilizer. The IR-based fertilizer flow sensor operates using an optical detection technique to confirm the discharge of fertilizer from the tube 112 outlet. The sensor consists of an infrared (IR) emitter and a photodetector positioned on opposite sides of the tube 112 outlet. As fertilizer flows through the tube 112, the particles disrupt the infrared light beam emitted by the sensor. The photodetector measures the amount of light that passes through, and reduction in light intensity corresponds to the flow of fertilizer. The sensor continuously monitors these changes in light intensity to detect whether fertilizer is being dispensed. Based on the sensor’s real-time data, the processing module adjusts the rotary valve’s opening duration and angle to ensure that the precise amount of fertilizer is dispensed.

[0040] A soil probe holder 114 is mounted on the horizontal bar 104 in proximity to the digger attachment 108. The soil probe holder 114 employs an integrated NPK sensor suite to enable real-time measurement of soil nutrient levels. The soil probe holder 114 is activated to insert a probe into the soil once the attachment 108 is through with digging the soil and the fertilizer unit has spread the fertilizer. The soil probe holder 114 is equipped with a spring-loaded assembly to maintain downward pressure, keeping the NPK sensor in contact with the soil. The soil probe holder 114 is designed to securely mount the NPK sensor suite near the soil digger attachment 108, enabling real-time soil nutrient measurements during operation. The holder 114 is strategically positioned on the horizontal bar 104 in close proximity to the digger attachment 108 to ensure that the probe reaches the soil immediately after it is loosened by the digger attachment 108. The probe holder 114 features a mechanical arm that securely holds the sensor suite in place while allowing it to adjust slightly if needed for optimal contact with the soil.

[0041] An adjustable flap 115 is integrated on the cart 101 to spread the soil collected by the conveyor belt 109 over the dug trench. The adjustable flap 115 corresponds to a rotary disc that is adjustable, allowing the operator to control the amount of soil being spread over the buried seed. The rotary disc works through a mechanical rotation technique, driven by a small motor. The rotary disc is mounted on an axis that allows it to spin at adjustable speeds. The operator controls the rotational speed and angle of the disc, often linked to a knob that changes the tilt and rotation of the disc. The rotating motion of the disc ensures that the soil is spread consistently and uniformly, covering the seed in a precise manner, which is crucial for soil compaction and seed germination.

[0042] If a proximity sensor that is attached to the flap 115 detects the gaps/inconsistent soil cover over seeds, the processing module alerts the operator to increase the flap 115 angle. The proximity sensor attached to the flap 115 operates using a capacitive detection technique to monitor the soil coverage over the seeds. This sensor emits an electric field that interacts with the nearby objects, such as the soil spread over the seeds. When the soil layer is inconsistent or a gap forms over the seeds, the sensor detects a change in the dielectric properties of the surrounding environment, as the soil's composition alters the capacitance. If the soil cover is too thin or irregular, the change in capacitance triggers the sensor to send a signal to the processing module. The module then processes this data and alerts the operator to adjust the flap 115 angle to increase the soil coverage.

[0043] If the depth sensor that is attached near the flap 115 measures excessive height of the soil layer, then the processing module alerts the operator to reduce the flap 115 spread angle and decrease the soil feed rate on the conveyor belt 109. The depth sensor operates using an ultrasonic detection technique to measure the height of the soil layer being spread over the seeds. The sensor emits high-frequency sound waves that travel towards the soil surface. When the sound waves hit the soil, they are reflected back to the sensor. The sensor measures the time taken for the waves to return, which is used to calculate the distance between the sensor and the surface of the soil. If the sensor detects that the soil layer is excessively thick, the sensor sends this information to the processing module. The module then processes the data and alerts the operator to reduce the flap 115 spread angle and decrease the conveyor's soil feed rate.

[0044] A plurality of sensors is installed on the horizontal bar 104 to detect and analyze various soil conditions. The plurality of sensors, include a soil moisture sensor to measures the volumetric water content in soil, a soil temperature sensor to monitor soil temperature, influencing seed germination. The soil moisture sensor works using a capacitive detection method. The sensor consists of two metal plates that form a capacitor, and these plates are inserted into the soil. When the soil is moist, the water content alters the dielectric constant between the plates, changing the capacitance. The sensor measures this change in capacitance, which directly correlates with the moisture level in the soil. Higher water content increases the dielectric constant, leading to higher capacitance, while drier soil results in lower capacitance. The sensor then sends this capacitance data to the processing module, which converts it into a soil moisture reading. This information is used to measure the volumetric water content in soil.

[0045] The soil temperature sensor operates using a thermistor-based technique. A thermistor, a type of temperature-sensitive resistor, is embedded in the sensor. As the temperature of the soil changes, the resistance of the thermistor also changes, generally, the resistance decreases as temperature increases. The sensor continuously monitors these resistance changes, sending the data to the processing module, which then converts it into a temperature reading. The processing module uses this temperature data to monitor the soil's thermal conditions, ensuring that the temperature is within the optimal range for seed germination.

[0046] The plurality of sensors, further includes a soil pH sensor to determine the acidity/alkalinity of the soil that affects nutrient availability and microbial activity and an air temperature sensor and humidity sensor to detect ambient air temperature and relative humidity to monitor climate conditions critical for plant health. The soil pH sensor operates using an electrode-based method, typically utilizing an ion-selective electrode (ISE) that interacts directly with the soil. When placed in the soil, the pH-sensitive glass electrode reacts with the hydrogen ions (H⁺) present in the soil solution, generating an electric potential proportional to the soil's acidity or alkalinity. This potential is measured and converted into a pH value, where lower values indicate acidic soil and higher values indicate alkaline soil. The sensor transmits this pH data to the processing module, which helps assess soil conditions.

[0047] The air temperature sensor works using a thermistor-based method. A thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor that changes its resistance in response to temperature variations. As the ambient temperature increases, the resistance of the thermistor decreases, and as the temperature decreases, the resistance increases. The sensor measures this resistance change and converts it into a temperature reading, which is then processed by the processing module. The temperature data is used to monitor climate conditions and ensure that they remain optimal for plant growth and health.

[0048] The humidity sensor operates using either a capacitive detection method. In the capacitive method, the sensor uses a hygroscopic dielectric material placed between two electrodes. As the moisture in the air changes, the dielectric material's capacitance varies, and the sensor measures these changes to determine relative humidity. This relative humidity data is critical for maintaining the ideal growing conditions for plants by monitoring processes like transpiration and nutrient uptake.

[0049] A motor suspension unit (MSU) in parallel alignment using quick-lock sliding brackets for easy installation on and removal of the motor driving the cart 101. The Motor Suspension Unit (MSU) is designed to securely hold and stabilize the motor driving the cart 101 while allowing for easy installation and removal. The MSU features quick-lock sliding brackets that provide a flexible, adjustable mounting assembly. These brackets are aligned in parallel with the motor and are connected to the suspension frame. When the motor needs to be installed, the sliding brackets are moved into place, and the motor is securely locked in position by the quick-lock arrangement, which typically uses a spring-loaded pin that snaps into place, preventing any movement during operation. The suspension unit also helps absorb any shocks or vibrations generated by the motor's operation, ensuring smoother performance and less wear on the motor.

[0050] A communication module is integrated with the cart 101. The communication module includes a Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections units, to transmit sowing data from the sensors to a smartphone application. The communication module includes, but not limited to Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) module, Bluetooth module, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module. The Wi-Fi module contains transmitters and receivers that use radio frequency signals to transmit data wirelessly to the processing module. The wireless module typically includes components such as antennas, amplifiers, and processors to facilitate communication and further connected to networks such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks, allowing machines to exchange information over short or long distances. The data includes key farming activities such as soil digging, seed sowing, soil transfer to the conveyor belt 109 and attachment 108 selection control, enabling real-time monitoring and efficient farm tracking.

[0051] The cart 101 is capable of attaching to a farming vehicle using mounted clamps 116. The motorized clamps 116 work by using an electric motor connected to a sliding jaw via a screw. The motor provides power to the screw that is attached to the fixed frame of the clamp 116. As the screw rotates, it pushes or pulls the sliding jaw towards or away from the fixed jaw depending on the direction of rotation. This movement allows the clamp 116 to attach to the farming vehicle.

[0052] The present invention works best in the following manner, where the lightweight frame cart 101 that is equipped with four wheels 102 and hitching points. The frame is designed for weight balancing and tilt control, also the cart 101 is capable of attaching to the farming vehicle using mounted clamps 116. Front wheels 102 of the cart 101 is connected to pulley 103 for transmitting rotational motion of the front wheels 102 to drive the connected front horizontal bar 104. The front of the horizontal bar 104 is mounted with the central gear 105. The rotation of the mounted gear 105 drives the bar 104 in the vertical reciprocating motion, allowing the bar 104 to dig into the soil and deposit seeds. The horizontal bar 104 is adapted with the outer cylinder and the inner narrow cylindrical drum 106 connected to the seed-dispensing outlet 107 which moves up and down to open and close the seed outlet 107. If the integrated seed flow sensor detects that the seed drop irregularity from the seed outlet 107 and the depth sensor detects that the seeds are not deposited at correct depth, then the processing module alerts the operator for checking drum 106 synchronization/seed dispensing outlet 107. The soil digger attachment 108 is mounted on the tip of the horizontal bar 104 using the screw linkage and the soil transportation module is also integrated in the machine, including the motorized conveyor belt 109 and the RPM sensor. The soil digger attachment 108 corresponds to interchangeable soil-type attachments 108 such as V-blade, scoop type, twin tine, rotary disc, the attachment 108 includes the spring-controlled assembly 110 that allows it to rotate slightly under the weight of the collected soil, guiding the soil smoothly onto the conveyor belt 109. The depth dug by the soil digger is precisely controlled using the vertical screw adjuster, allowing for accurate and consistent soil penetration. The soil digger attachment 108 is integrated with the optical sensor to detect rotation of the attachment 108 for depositing the soil dug by the attachment 108 onto the conveyor belt 109. If the optical sensor detects that the attachment 108 is not rotating properly to guide soil onto the conveyor belt 109 due to incorrect spring tension or soil load imbalance, the processing module prompts the operator to adjust the spring accordingly and also clean out the excessive soil stuck in the attachment 108. If the optical sensor detects soil missing the conveyor belt 109, the processing module alerts the operator to realign the adapter mount to the correct angle. The conveyor belt 109 is powered by the same gear that drives the seed metering drum 106, ensuring synchronized operation between soil transport and seed dispensing. If the RPM sensor detects that the conveyor belt 109 and seed metering drum 106 are out of sync due to gear wear, the processing module alerts the operator to inspect and adjust the worn gear components.

[0053] In continuation, the fertilizer storage chamber 111 is adapted with the delivery tube 112 that is mounted alongside the horizontal bar 104 to deposit fertilizer directly into the dug hole after the seed is placed in the dug hole. The amount of fertilizer dispensed from the fertilizer chamber 111 is regulated by the electronically controlled rotary valve 113 in the fertilizer tube 112 outlet. The processing module adjusts the fertilizer volume based on seed type, real-time soil nutrient levels from embedded NPK sensors. The IR-based fertilizer flow sensor is mounted at the tube 112 outlet to confirm fertilizer discharge. The sensor controls the valve 113 opening duration and adjusts the valve’s opening angle dynamically to dispense precise amounts of fertilizer. The soil probe holder 114 is mounted on the horizontal bar 104 in proximity to the digger attachment 108. The soil probe holder 114 employs the integrated NPK sensor suite to enable real-time measurement of soil nutrient levels. The soil probe holder 114 is activated to insert the probe into the soil once the attachment 108 is through with digging the soil and the fertilizer unit has spread the fertilizer, the soil probe holder 114 is equipped with the spring-loaded assembly to maintain downward pressure, keeping the NPK sensor in contact with the soil. The adjustable flap 115 is integrated on the cart 101 to spread the soil collected by the conveyor belt 109 over the dug trench. The adjustable flap 115 corresponds to the rotary disc that is adjustable, allowing the operator to control the amount of soil being spread over the buried seed. If the proximity sensor that is attached to the flap 115 detects the gaps/inconsistent soil cover over seeds, the processing module alerts the operator to increase the flap 115 angle. If the depth sensor that is attached near the flap 115 measures excessive height of the soil layer, then the processing module alerts the operator to reduce the flap 115 spread angle and decrease the soil feed rate on the conveyor belt 109. The plurality of sensors is installed on the horizontal bar 104 to detect and analyze various soil conditions. The plurality of sensors, include the soil moisture sensor to measures the volumetric water content in soil, the soil temperature sensor to monitor soil temperature, influencing seed germination. The plurality of sensors, further include the soil pH sensor to determine the acidity/alkalinity of the soil that affects nutrient availability and microbial activity and the air temperature sensor and humidity sensor to detect ambient air temperature and relative humidity to monitor climate conditions critical for plant health. The motor suspension unit (MSU) in parallel alignment using quick-lock sliding brackets for easy installation on and removal of the motor driving the cart 101. The communication module is integrated with the cart 101. The communication module includes the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections units, to transmit sowing data from the sensors to the smartphone application. The data includes key farming activities such as soil digging, seed sowing, soil transfer to the conveyor belt 109 and attachment 108 selection control, enabling real-time monitoring and efficient farm tracking.

[0054] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , C , Claims:1. An automated seed sowing machine, comprising:
a. a lightweight frame cart 101 equipped with four wheels 102 and hitching points, front wheels 102 of the cart 101 is connected to pulley 103 for transmitting rotational motion of the front wheels 102 to drive a connected horizontal bar 104, the front of the horizontal bar 104 is mounted with a central gear 105, the rotation of the front wheels 102 drives the bar 104 in a vertical reciprocating motion, allowing the bar 104 to dig into the soil and deposit seeds;
b. A soil digger attachment 108 mounted on tip of the horizontal bar 104 using a screw linkage, the depth dug by the soil digger is precisely controlled using a vertical screw adjuster, allowing for accurate and consistent soil penetration;
c. A soil transportation module, the module includes a motorized conveyor belt 109 and a RPM sensor;
d. A fertilizer storage chamber 111 adapted with a delivery tube 112 is mounted alongside the horizontal bar 104, positioned to deposit fertilizer directly into the dug hole after the seed is placed in the dug hole;
e. A soil probe holder 114 is mounted on the horizontal bar 104 in proximity to the digger attachment 108;
f. an adjustable flap 115 is integrated on the cart 101 to spread the soil collected by the conveyor belt 109 over the dug trench;
g. a plurality of sensors is installed on the horizontal bar 104 to detect and analyze various soil conditions;
h. a communication module integrated with the cart 101;
i. a motor suspension unit (MSU) in parallel alignment using quick-lock sliding brackets for easy installation on and removal of the motor driving the cart 101; and
j. a processing module;
Wherein the frame is designed for weight balancing and tilt control, the cart 101 is capable of attaching to a farming vehicle using mounted clamps 116.

2. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal is adapted with an outer cylinder and an inner narrow cylindrical drum 106 connected to the seed-dispensing outlet 107, the inner drum 106 moves up and down to open and close the seed outlet 107, if an integrated seed flow sensor detects that the seed drop irregularity from the seed outlet 107 and a depth sensor detects that the seeds are not deposited at correct depth, then the processing module alerts an operator for checking drum 106 synchronization/seed dispensing outlet 107.

3. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil digger attachment 108 correspond to interchangeable soil-type attachments 108 such as V-blade, scoop type, twin tine, rotary disc, the attachment 108 includes a spring-controlled assembly 110 that allows it to rotate slightly under the weight of the collected soil, guiding the soil smoothly onto the conveyor belt 109.

4. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soil digger attachment 108 is integrated with an optical sensor to detect rotation of the attachment 108 for depositing the soil dug by the attachment 108 onto the conveyor belt 109, if the optical sensor detects that the attachment 108 is not rotating properly to guide soil onto the conveyor belt 109 due to incorrect spring tension or soil load imbalance, the processing module prompts the operator to adjust the spring accordingly and also clean out the excessive soil stuck in the attachment 108, if the optical sensor detects soil missing the conveyor belt 109, the processing module alerts the operator to realign the digger attachment 108 mount to the correct angle.

5. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conveyor belt 109 is powered by the same gear 105 that drives the seed metering drum 106, ensuring synchronized operation between soil transport and seed dispensing, if the RPM sensor detects that the conveyor belt 109 and seed metering drum 106 are out of sync due to gear 105 wear, the processing module alerts the operator to inspect and adjust the worn gear 105 components.

6. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of fertilizer dispensed from the fertilizer chamber 111 is regulated by an electronically controlled rotary valve 113 in the fertilizer tube 112 outlet, the processing module adjusts the fertilizer volume based on seed type, real-time soil nutrient levels from embedded NPK sensors, an IR-based fertilizer flow sensor is mounted at the tube 112 outlet to confirm fertilizer discharge, it controls the valve 113 opening duration and adjusts the valve’s opening angle dynamically to dispense precise amounts of fertilizer.

7. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil probe holder 114 employs an integrated NPK sensor suite to enable real-time measurement of soil nutrient levels, the soil probe holder 114 is activated to insert a probe into the soil once the attachment 108 is through with digging the soil and the fertilizer unit has spread the fertilizer, the soil probe holder 114 is equipped with a spring-loaded assembly to maintain downward pressure, keeping the NPK sensor in contact with the soil.

8. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable flap 115 corresponds to a rotary disc that is adjustable, allowing the operator to control the amount of soil being spread over the buried seed, if a proximity sensor attached to the flap 115 detects the gaps/inconsistent soil cover over seeds, the processing module alerts the operator to increase the flap 115 angle, if the depth sensor attached near the flap 115 measures excessive height of the soil layer, then the processing module alerts the operator to reduce the flap 115 spread angle and decrease the soil feed rate on the conveyor belt 109.

9. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors include a soil moisture sensor to measures the volumetric water content in soil, a soil temperature sensor to monitor soil temperature, influencing seed germination, a soil pH sensor to determine the acidity/alkalinity of the soil that affects nutrient availability and microbial activity, and an air temperature and humidity sensor to detect ambient air temperature and relative humidity to monitor climate conditions critical for plant health.

10. The automated seed sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication module includes a Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections units, to transmit sowing data from the sensors to a smartphone application, the data includes key farming activities such as soil digging, seed sowing, soil transfer to the conveyor belt 109 and attachment 108 selection control, enabling real-time monitoring and efficient farm tracking.