Description:ONE-POT SYNTHESIS, STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS, AND MULTI-COMPONENT REACTIONS FOR SCALABLE PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present disclosure relates to synthetic organic chemistry for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing using one-pot synthesis, stereoselective reactions, and multi-component transformation methods.
Background
[0002] The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] In contemporary pharmaceutical manufacturing, achieving synthetic efficiency, enantiomeric purity, and process scalability has remained a formidable challenge. Traditional stepwise synthetic routes are typically characterized by numerous reaction and purification stages, leading to cumulative losses in yield and escalated operational complexity. Batchwise isolation of intermediates requires additional solvents, reagents, and energy-intensive steps such as filtration, distillation, or recrystallization, which collectively impair throughput and elevate cost per unit. Furthermore, the growing demand for enantiomerically pure compounds in drug development has exposed the limitations of non-stereoselective reactions, wherein racemic mixtures necessitate downstream resolution or chiral chromatography—methods that are neither cost-effective nor environmentally sustainable. Multi-component reactions (MCRs) have emerged as an appealing strategy to overcome these bottlenecks, enabling the convergence of multiple substrates into a single product with high atom economy. However, practical implementation of MCRs in scalable settings often confronts reproducibility concerns, suboptimal selectivity, or low substrate scope compatibility. While one-pot methodologies offer potential by consolidating sequential steps into a single reactor without intermediate purification, issues such as cross-reactivity, reagent incompatibility, and variable kinetics have hindered their industrial adoption. Stereoselective synthesis, when incorporated within multi-step cascades, further complicates control over stereogenic centers in large-scale operations. Existing disclosures fail to comprehensively integrate one-pot operations, stereoselective control, and multi-component reaction protocols into a unified platform optimized for industrial pharmaceutical synthesis. There exists, therefore, a critical need for a systematic synthetic framework that combines the benefits of one-pot processing, high stereoselectivity, and multicomponent integration, all tailored toward scalable, reproducible, and economically viable pharmaceutical production.
[0004] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
[0005] It also shall be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. This invention can be achieved by means of hardware including several different elements or by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims that list several means, several ones among these means can be specifically embodied in the same hardware item. The use of such words as first, second, third does not represent any order, which can be simply explained as names.
Summary
[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of various aspects of this disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements nor delineate the scope of such aspects. Its purpose is to present some concepts of this disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0007] The following paragraphs provide additional support for the claims of the subject application.
[0008] The present disclosure relates to synthetic organic chemistry for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing using one-pot synthesis, stereoselective reactions, and multi-component transformation methods.
[0009] The disclosed synthetic platform provides an integrated system for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing, incorporating a sequence of chemically compatible stages including precursor activation, chiral auxiliary installation, enantioselective condensation, and downstream conversion, all executed in a one-pot reaction vessel. The system initiates with substrate preconditioning and introduces chiral auxiliary groups to induce stereo-induction, followed by an enantioselective condensation reactor wherein stereogenic centers are generated with high fidelity. Subsequent hydrolysis and product extraction phases enable rapid separation of intermediates, which are directly funneled into lactonization or amide formation chambers without isolation. The unified reaction space permits sequential addition of reagents under controlled temperature and pH, regulated by embedded microcontrollers interfaced with real-time optical monitoring tools. The architecture accommodates multi-component input strategies, wherein up to three reactants undergo simultaneous coupling facilitated by microwave or ultrasound-assisted kinetics. A modular analytical feedback loop continuously evaluates stereopurity, conversion efficiency, and impurity profiles, allowing in-situ protocol adjustments. The system eliminates intermediate workups while achieving high stereo-integrity, reduced reaction times, and improved atom economy. Through consolidated reagent pathways and programmable controls, the architecture enables scalable batch or flow operations compatible with regulatory manufacturing environments. The disclosed synthesis platform addresses yield consistency, stereochemical precision, and process minimization, thereby providing a robust manufacturing alternative for pharmaceutical applications.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[00010] The features and advantages of the present disclosure would be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
[00011] FIG. 1 illustrates a system architecture diagram of the one-pot synthesis system, depicting the sequential arrangement of physical components including the precursor activation module, chiral auxiliary installation unit, enantioselective condensation reactor, hydrolysis and extraction chamber, downstream conversion unit, programmable control interface, and analytical feedback loop.
[00012] FIG. 2 presents a method flow diagram showing the sequence of operations for conducting stereoselective and multi-component synthesis within a one-pot system, including precursor preconditioning, auxiliary coupling, stereoselective condensation, product separation, and final conversion steps under monitored conditions.
[00013] FIG. 3 depicts a data flow diagram of sensor data acquisition and control signal propagation through various process stages, illustrating the flow of real-time analytical data from optical and chiral detection modules to the programmable control interface, which governs actuation, temperature modulation, and reagent dosing across subsystems.
Detailed Description
[00014] In the following detailed description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the drawings, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to claim those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
[00015] The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and “at least one” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the term “at least one” followed by a list of one or more items (for example, “at least one of A and B”) is to be construed to mean one item selected from the listed items (A or B) or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
[00016] Pursuant to the "Detailed Description" section herein, whenever an element is explicitly associated with a specific numeral for the first time, such association shall be deemed consistent and applicable throughout the entirety of the "Detailed Description" section, unless otherwise expressly stated or contradicted by the context.
[00017] The present disclosure relates to synthetic organic chemistry for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing using one-pot synthesis, stereoselective reactions, and multi-component transformation methods.
[00018] Pursuant to the "Detailed Description" section herein, whenever an element is explicitly associated with a specific numeral for the first time, such association shall be deemed consistent and applicable throughout the entirety of the "Detailed Description" section, unless otherwise expressly stated or contradicted by the context.
[00019] FIG. 1
[00020] The system architecture diagram illustrated in FIG. 1 provides a structural overview of the integrated modules constituting the one-pot synthesis system for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing. At the core of the configuration is the precursor activation module, which is structurally designed to receive substrate inputs and alter their electronic reactivity using controlled thermal or electromagnetic induction. This module is physically connected via reagent conduits to the chiral auxiliary installation unit, wherein regioselective addition of chiral control groups occurs through pressurized delivery nozzles positioned around a rotational alignment manifold. The output of the chiral auxiliary installation unit is conveyed directly into the enantioselective condensation reactor, which is equipped with stirring paddles, serpentine coils, and temperature-control elements enabling asymmetric catalysis under inert gas shielding. The condensation reactor transitions fluidly into the hydrolysis and extraction chamber, which includes phase separation membranes and recirculation pumps to ensure continuous removal of byproducts and regeneration of intermediates. From this separation zone, the product stream enters the downstream conversion chamber, which supports multiple chemical transformations such as lactonization or amide formation within a sealed and pressure-regulated reactor shell. A programmable control interface, comprising embedded microcontrollers, temperature probes, and actuator relays, interfaces with all chemical stages through data and power buses. An analytical feedback loop, which houses spectroscopic and chromatographic sensors, is looped across the entire structure to relay reaction status, stereopurity data, and signal corrections in real time to the control interface. This structural arrangement facilitates uninterrupted reaction propagation from activation to product generation, promoting minimal solvent usage, reduced downtime, and integrated stereochemical precision. The disclosed one-pot synthesis system provides an integrated platform for executing stereoselective and multi-component reactions within a single reaction environment suitable for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing. The system initiates operation with a precursor activation module designed to precondition substrate molecules by modulating their electronic and steric characteristics through controlled thermal, microwave, or ultrasound exposure. Said precursor activation is performed within a shielded chamber outfitted with a programmable heating element, reflective interior surfaces, and reagent inlet valves allowing batch or continuous substrate loading. Activation is precisely timed and governed by embedded sensors monitoring dielectric relaxation or molecular mobility.
[00021] Subsequent to activation, the modified substrates are conveyed via gravity or pump-fed microchannels to a chiral auxiliary installation unit. This unit comprises multiple micro-nozzles or capillary injectors disposed angularly within a rotating manifold, enabling chiral auxiliary groups to be introduced under continuous flow. The flow rate and injection angle are adjustable, facilitating regioselective bonding. The auxiliary groups, selected from oxazolidinones, Evans-type auxiliaries, or other chiral scaffolds, enhance downstream stereoselectivity.
[00022] From the installation unit, the derivatized substrates enter the enantioselective condensation reactor, a thermally insulated vessel equipped with an internal serpentine coil and magnetic agitation paddle. The reactor maintains inert conditions and enables enantiocontrolled bond formation catalyzed by either organocatalysts or metal complexes. Reaction conditions such as pressure, temperature, and reagent concentrations are continuously optimized through a connected programmable control interface. The enantioselective coupling generates one or more stereogenic centers, which are simultaneously monitored using inline sensors such as polarimetry or chiral chromatography probes.
[00023] Following the condensation phase, the reaction mixture is routed into a hydrolysis and extraction chamber. This chamber comprises a dual-phase separation column containing a membrane-based solvent interface. A continuous circulation pump ensures rapid equilibration, enabling the removal of unreacted chiral auxiliaries and side products. The phase-separated products are automatically transferred to the downstream conversion chamber, bypassing any need for intermediate crystallization or distillation.
[00024] Within the downstream conversion chamber, structural transformation steps such as lactonization, amide formation, or other cyclization reactions are initiated. This chamber operates under high-pressure conditions and includes integrated heating jackets, nitrogen blanketing, and variable mixing speeds. The programmable interface receives feedback from spectrophotometric and pH sensors, adjusting parameters in real time. The transformation reactions proceed with high fidelity, exploiting intramolecular interactions already encoded during condensation.
[00025] The programmable control interface is realized through a microcontroller board hosting custom firmware capable of pulse-width modulation, sensor fusion, and actuator control. The firmware receives real-time data from embedded temperature probes, optical sensors, and pH meters distributed across the system. The control logic implements feedback loops adjusting reaction profiles, reagent feed rates, and thermal parameters. The interface is linked to an external dashboard, allowing operators to monitor synthesis progression and download chromatographic logs.
[00026] A modular analytical feedback loop operates in parallel to the reaction sequence, sampling aliquots at each stage through microdialysis tubing. The loop comprises a chiral HPLC sensor, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and refractive index detector. The output data is parsed and converted into control signals that modulate the programmable interface. This self-regulating mechanism ensures maintenance of stereochemical purity and prevents deviations from pre-calibrated synthesis profiles.
[00027] In an alternative embodiment, the entire one-pot system may be implemented as a microfluidic chip comprising etched channels for each functional block. In this embodiment, precursor activation is achieved through laser-induced localized heating. The chiral auxiliary installation is performed via electrophoretic injection across microvalves. Reaction conditions are manipulated by integrated resistive heaters and electrochemical pumps. Such a configuration supports ultra-miniaturized high-throughput screening.
[00028] In another embodiment, the system is adapted for continuous flow synthesis by incorporating peristaltic and diaphragm pumps feeding into a tubular reactor array. The flow rate and residence time are tuned to achieve desired conversions. Chiral auxiliaries are introduced via inline mixers, and product isolation is carried out using continuous liquid–liquid separators. This setup is favorable for scaling production while preserving enantioselectivity and avoiding batch inconsistencies.
[00029] In a third embodiment, the system is configured for solvent-free solid-state synthesis, where the activation and reaction zones comprise vibratory milling compartments with catalyst-infused walls. Reactants are introduced in powder form, and all transformations occur through mechanical energy and localized heating. Analytical probes embedded within the milling chamber detect reaction endpoints, and processed powders are transferred without solvent usage.
[00030] Across all embodiments, the system achieves unified chemical synthesis in a single operation, minimizes reagent waste, reduces processing time, and eliminates the need for multistep isolation. The modular nature allows tuning of each stage based on the pharmaceutical target, while integrated analytics offer precise control over process variables, rendering the system compliant with good manufacturing practices and suitable for diverse molecular frameworks.
[00031] FIG. 2
[00032] The method flow diagram shown in FIG. 2 outlines the sequential process by which the integrated one-pot system performs stereoselective and multi-component reactions. The process begins with substrate intake and precursor preconditioning, wherein molecules are activated via heat, microwave, or ultrasound-assisted techniques to modify their electronic distribution. Upon activation, substrates are transitioned into a coupling phase with chiral auxiliaries, enabling stereo-directive reactivity. The bonded intermediates then proceed to the stereoselective condensation step, where catalyzed reactions under controlled temperature and inert environment induce the formation of enantiomerically enriched centers. Real-time sensors monitor the enantiomeric excess and yield metrics. The intermediate is automatically transferred into a product separation phase involving hydrolysis, extraction, and phase interface partitioning through membrane-based flow separators. From there, the purified stream is conveyed into the downstream conversion step, where functional group transformations such as ring closure or amidation are executed. This process is performed under dynamic modulation of pH, heat, and residence time parameters. Throughout each step, the programmable control interface cross-checks real-time data with setpoints to adjust actuator commands. Simultaneously, the analytical feedback loop quantifies key reaction metrics, redirecting control decisions. This sequential methodology ensures continuous reaction propagation, synchronized reagent addition, and high stereochemical output within a consolidated operational cycle.
[00033] FIG. 3
[00034] The data flow diagram in FIG. 3 illustrates the logical and signal communication pathways underpinning the control and monitoring infrastructure of the one-pot synthesis system. Beginning with sensor modules embedded in each process chamber, such as temperature probes, pH meters, refractive index detectors, and inline chiral detectors, raw reaction data is continuously generated and forwarded via analog-to-digital converters to the central microcontroller. The microcontroller resides within the programmable control interface and is configured to parse incoming datasets using a decision logic engine based on kinetic models and stereoselectivity thresholds. Upon validation, the processed data initiates signal pathways leading to actuator banks responsible for regulating reagent inflow, agitation speed, and heating or cooling elements in each connected chamber. These actuators adjust process variables in real time, ensuring precise environmental conditions across the chemical synthesis. Concurrently, the analytical feedback loop receives data from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and chiral HPLC modules, which is subsequently digitized and relayed back to the control logic. Decision branches within the microcontroller evaluate statistical deviation from programmed setpoints and deploy updated signal commands. The closed-loop interaction of sensor input, data evaluation, and actuator control creates a cyber-physical overlay on the chemical process, ensuring optimization of stereochemistry, conversion yield, and reaction completeness. The diagram reflects the interconnectedness of analytical and operational components in maintaining reaction integrity through high-resolution data monitoring and feedback control.
[00035]
[00036] Example embodiments herein have been described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods and apparatuses. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by various means including hardware, software, firmware, and a combination thereof. For example, in one embodiment, each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[00037] Throughout the present disclosure, the term ‘Artificial intelligence (AI)’ as used herein relates to any mechanism or computationally intelligent system that combines knowledge, techniques, and methodologies for controlling a bot or other element within a computing environment. Furthermore, the artificial intelligence (AI) is configured to apply knowledge and that can adapt it-self and learn to do better in changing environments. Additionally, employing any computationally intelligent technique, the artificial intelligence (AI) is operable to adapt to unknown or changing environment for better performance. The artificial intelligence (AI) includes fuzzy logic engines, decision-making engines, preset targeting accuracy levels, and/or programmatically intelligent software.

Claims
I/We Claim:
CLAIM 1
A one-pot synthesis system for stereoselective and multi-component pharmaceutical manufacturing, comprising:
a precursor activation module configured to precondition substrate molecules for subsequent transformation;
a chiral auxiliary installation unit configured to introduce stereochemical control agents to the preconditioned substrates;
an enantioselective condensation reactor positioned downstream of the chiral auxiliary installation unit and configured to generate stereocenters by coupling the preconditioned substrates under stereoselective conditions;
a hydrolysis and extraction chamber fluidly interfaced with the enantioselective condensation reactor and configured to separate intermediate or final products without requiring intermediate isolation;
a downstream conversion chamber comprising at least one of a lactonization or amide formation vessel;
a programmable control interface configured to regulate reagent addition, thermal cycling, and pH control across all stages; and
a modular analytical feedback loop configured to monitor real-time reaction progress, stereochemical fidelity, and conversion efficiency.
CLAIM 2
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the precursor activation module comprises a thermal or microwave preconditioning chamber configured to elevate reactivity of starting substrates by modifying electronic or steric environments.
CLAIM 3
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the chiral auxiliary installation unit comprises an injector nozzle array configured to deliver chiral auxiliaries at controlled flow rates and angles, thereby enabling regioselective bonding with activated substrates.
CLAIM 4
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the enantioselective condensation reactor further comprises a temperature-controlled coil and a magnetic stirring array configured to maintain uniform reagent distribution and enable asymmetric catalysis under inert atmosphere.
CLAIM 5
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis and extraction chamber includes a solvent partitioning interface comprising a membrane phase separator and continuous circulation pump configured to separate hydrophilic and lipophilic intermediates in real time.
CLAIM 6
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the downstream conversion chamber further comprises a pressurized reaction sub-compartment configured to selectively initiate cyclization, amidation, or dehydration steps depending on substrate identity and feedstock flow.
CLAIM 7
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the programmable control interface comprises a microcontroller, temperature sensors, pH probes, and actuator modules configured to dynamically adjust kinetic parameters during ongoing reaction flow.
CLAIM 8
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the modular analytical feedback loop comprises an inline chiral HPLC sensor, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and refractive index detector configured to generate digital feedback for machine-readable control updates.
CLAIM 9
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to execute at least one multi-component reaction involving three reactants simultaneously fed into the enantioselective condensation reactor under variable residence time protocols.
CLAIM 10
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein each module is integrated within a unitary reaction vessel constructed from corrosion-resistant, optically transparent fluoropolymer with internal baffling structures to mitigate back-mixing and facilitate laminar reagent propagation.

ONE-POT SYNTHESIS, STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS, AND MULTI-COMPONENT REACTIONS FOR SCALABLE PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis system is disclosed for scalable pharmaceutical manufacturing, integrating stereoselective reactions and multi-component transformations into a unified chemical workflow. The apparatus comprises a precursor activation chamber, a chiral auxiliary installation unit, an enantioselective condensation reactor, and downstream conversion chambers configured to operate sequentially without intermediate isolation. The system includes process sensors, modular flow regulators, and a real-time analytical feedback loop to optimize stereochemistry and reaction yield. The disclosed configuration supports high-throughput synthesis with reduced processing time, minimal solvent usage, and precise control over stereogenic centers. The system facilitates reproducible and scalable production of enantiopure pharmaceutical compounds.
, Claims:Claims
I/We Claim:
CLAIM 1
A one-pot synthesis system for stereoselective and multi-component pharmaceutical manufacturing, comprising:
a precursor activation module configured to precondition substrate molecules for subsequent transformation;
a chiral auxiliary installation unit configured to introduce stereochemical control agents to the preconditioned substrates;
an enantioselective condensation reactor positioned downstream of the chiral auxiliary installation unit and configured to generate stereocenters by coupling the preconditioned substrates under stereoselective conditions;
a hydrolysis and extraction chamber fluidly interfaced with the enantioselective condensation reactor and configured to separate intermediate or final products without requiring intermediate isolation;
a downstream conversion chamber comprising at least one of a lactonization or amide formation vessel;
a programmable control interface configured to regulate reagent addition, thermal cycling, and pH control across all stages; and
a modular analytical feedback loop configured to monitor real-time reaction progress, stereochemical fidelity, and conversion efficiency.
CLAIM 2
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the precursor activation module comprises a thermal or microwave preconditioning chamber configured to elevate reactivity of starting substrates by modifying electronic or steric environments.
CLAIM 3
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the chiral auxiliary installation unit comprises an injector nozzle array configured to deliver chiral auxiliaries at controlled flow rates and angles, thereby enabling regioselective bonding with activated substrates.
CLAIM 4
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the enantioselective condensation reactor further comprises a temperature-controlled coil and a magnetic stirring array configured to maintain uniform reagent distribution and enable asymmetric catalysis under inert atmosphere.
CLAIM 5
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis and extraction chamber includes a solvent partitioning interface comprising a membrane phase separator and continuous circulation pump configured to separate hydrophilic and lipophilic intermediates in real time.
CLAIM 6
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the downstream conversion chamber further comprises a pressurized reaction sub-compartment configured to selectively initiate cyclization, amidation, or dehydration steps depending on substrate identity and feedstock flow.
CLAIM 7
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the programmable control interface comprises a microcontroller, temperature sensors, pH probes, and actuator modules configured to dynamically adjust kinetic parameters during ongoing reaction flow.
CLAIM 8
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the modular analytical feedback loop comprises an inline chiral HPLC sensor, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and refractive index detector configured to generate digital feedback for machine-readable control updates.
CLAIM 9
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to execute at least one multi-component reaction involving three reactants simultaneously fed into the enantioselective condensation reactor under variable residence time protocols.
CLAIM 10
The one-pot synthesis system of claim 1, wherein each module is integrated within a unitary reaction vessel constructed from corrosion-resistant, optically transparent fluoropolymer with internal baffling structures to mitigate back-mixing and facilitate laminar reagent propagation.