Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A HOUSING FOR ACCOMODATING A FILTER ELEMENT
2. APPLICANT (S)
NAME NATIONALITY ADDRESS
FLEETGUARD FILTERS PRIVATE LIMITED AN INDIAN COMPANY 136, PARK MARINA ROAD, BANER, PUNE, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA, PIN CODE - 411045
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure pertains to the field of fluid filtration systems and more specifically relates to structurally advanced housings configured to accommodate filter elements within fuel or fluid filtration assemblies. The present disclosure particularly relates to housings designed to ensure balanced fluid transport, structural integrity under elevated internal and external pressures, and enhanced interface sealing to mitigate leakage and optimize filtration efficiency in industrial and automotive applications.
DEFINITIONS
[0002] Housing refers to a structural enclosure comprising at least two cooperative parts configured to contain and support a filter element. The housing is designed to maintain structural integrity under varying internal and external pressure conditions while enabling controlled fluid flow. It includes a first part and a second part that together form a sealed containment vessel capable of withstanding pressures in the range of 1 to 25 bar. The housing may be constructed from metals such as stainless steel, aluminum, or low-carbon steel and incorporates structural features including a terminal portion, perimeter portion, and coupling structures that enable secure assembly and optimized flow management during filtration.
[0003] Balanced fluid transport denotes the controlled and uniform movement of fluid through the housing and filter element system, characterized by even pressure distribution and optimized flow dynamics that reduce turbulence and resistance. This is achieved through dimensional relationships—such as the first body portion having a smaller cross-sectional dimension than the second body portion in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing—and by strategic placement of fluid inlets and outlets. Balanced fluid transport ensures that fluid enters via the inlet, flows uniformly through the annular gap between the housing’s inner surface and the filter element’s outer surface, passes evenly through the filter media, and exits through the outlet without forming dead zones or pressure spikes.
[0004] Fluid refers to any substance capable of flowing and conforming to the shape of its container. Within the context of this invention, fluid particularly includes liquids requiring filtration in industrial systems—such as fuel or water—where removal of contaminants and water separation is necessary. The fluid is designed to flow through the housing under operating pressures ranging from 1 to 25 bar without compromising performance or structural integrity.
[0005] Terminal portion refers to a structural component of the first part of the housing, having a defined cross-sectional profile composed of multiple elements—including the first, second, third, and fourth elements—and extending from an upper free edge of the perimeter portion to a region around an opening. The terminal portion is configured to provide structural robustness while facilitating effective fluid flow and mechanical coupling with the filter element. Its design includes vertical offsets and a downward-extending skirt to enhance performance under elevated pressure conditions.
[0006] Coupling structure refers to a shaped configuration formed by outwardly bending the flange of the first body portion to mate with the flange of the second body portion. The coupling structure may take the form of a U-shaped, L-shaped, or V-shaped channel and is intended to enable a secure, fluid-tight connection between the housing parts. Joining methods may include, but are not limited to, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, micro-tungsten inert gas welding, resistance spot welding, electron beam welding, laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding, capillary soldering, mechanical seaming, adhesives and combinations thereof.
[0007] Perimeter portion refers to a structural segment of the first part of the housing that extends between the body and terminal portions. It connects with the terminal portion at a defined angle—typically between 70 and 90 degrees—and contributes to the overall pressure resistance, structural rigidity, and dimensional integrity of the housing.
[0008] Joint region denotes the area where the first and second body portions of the housing are connected in a fluid-tight manner. This region is joined using one or more techniques selected from laser welding, ultrasonic welding, micro-tungsten inert gas welding, resistance spot welding, electron beam welding, laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding, capillary soldering, mechanical seaming, adhesives and combinations thereof. The joint region is critical to maintaining the housing’s sealing integrity under operational pressures in the range of 1 to 25 bar.
[0009] Flow interface refers to the structural and functional region of the terminal portion (130) that facilitates controlled fluid communication between the housing interior and external fluid handling components. The flow interface comprises the end face (140), the opening (150), and associated sealing surfaces that enable fluid entry/exit while maintaining pressure integrity. The flow interface is configured to operatively engage with fluid conveyance components such as inner tubes, outer tubes, and filter head assemblies, thereby establishing a leak-tight fluid pathway. The geometric configuration of the flow interface, including the contoured profile formed by the interconnected transitions, optimizes fluid flow characteristics by minimizing turbulence and pressure losses at the interface region.
[00010] Initial plane refers to the reference plane established by the upper free edge (172) of the perimeter portion (170), from which the geometric transitions of the terminal portion progressively deviate to form the contoured profile.
[00011] Flow director refers to the fourth element (210) comprising the downwardly extending skirt (212) that directs and channels fluid flow within the terminal portion. The flow director is positioned at the termination of the contoured profile and is configured to guide fluid movement between the housing interior and external components while providing structural support for sealing interfaces.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[00012] Filtration plays a critical role in ensuring fluid cleanliness, system longevity, and operational efficiency in a wide array of industrial and vehicular applications. In such systems, while advancements in filter media have been notable, the housings that structurally support and enclose the filter elements continue to exhibit persistent limitations.
[00013] Conventional housings are frequently challenged by the requirement to operate under elevated internal pressures, often in the range of 1 to 25 bar, while also withstanding external mechanical loads. Structural deficiencies, particularly at the interfaces between the housing components, may result in compromised sealing, leading to fluid leakage. Such leakage poses environmental and safety hazards, increases equipment downtime, and elevates operational costs due to fluid loss and frequent maintenance interventions.
[00014] Existing housing designs also exhibit inadequate flow management capabilities. Non-uniform pressure distribution, turbulence, and the formation of dead zones contribute to reduced filtration efficiency, accelerated filter degradation, and increased energy consumption. These issues stem from suboptimal internal geometries and insufficient alignment between structural design and fluid dynamics.
[00015] In addition, the mechanical strength of many conventional housings is dependent on excessive material use or complex reinforcements, which increase manufacturing cost and weight. Conversely, efforts to reduce material consumption often result in insufficient structural rigidity or sealing failures. Moreover, joining mechanisms employed at coupling regions are frequently incompatible with advanced assembly techniques, limiting manufacturing adaptability and pressure endurance.
[00016] These limitations collectively undermine the reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of conventional filter housing systems.
[00017] Accordingly, there exists a distinct and longstanding need for structurally robust, pressure-resistant, and flow-optimized housing configurations that overcome the technical and functional drawbacks of existing filter housings.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[00018] Several objects of the currently disclosed invention, with at least one being satisfied by one or more disclosed embodiments, are outlined as follows:
[00019] An object of the present disclosure is to address one or more limitations associated with conventional housings and to provide a technically viable and industrially applicable solution thereto.
[00020] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a housing configured to sustain elevated internal and external pressure loads while maintaining dimensional stability and mechanical integrity under cyclic and static stress conditions.
[00021] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to facilitate structurally integrated housing architecture that promotes uniform fluid flow characteristics, minimizes turbulence, and ensures balanced pressure distribution across the filter element during operation.
[00022] Still another object of the present disclosure is to ensure high interface integrity between multiple parts of the housing, thereby mitigating the risk of fluid leakage under concurrent mechanical and fluidic loading.
[00023] Another object of the present disclosure is to enable optimal spatial compatibility between housing components and standard or customized filter elements, so as to improve overall filtration performance without compromising system compactness or manufacturability.
[00024] A further object of the present disclosure is to support versatile mounting and coupling configurations within the housing, thereby enhancing adaptability across diverse application scenarios and improving manufacturability without sacrificing structural or sealing performance
[00025] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the subsequent description, which does not intend to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[00026] A housing is provided for accommodating a filter element, the housing comprising a first part and a second part that cooperate to enclose the filter element within an internal chamber. The first part includes a perimeter portion and a terminal portion, wherein the terminal portion integrally extends from the perimeter portion. The terminal portion defines a flow interface and comprises a series of interconnected geometric transitions that progressively deviate from an initial plane to form a contoured profile. The contoured profile terminates in a flow-directing region. The terminal portion further includes an end face surrounding an opening, wherein the opening is configured to facilitate fluid communication through the housing.
[00027] The series of interconnected geometric transitions comprises multiple structural elements. A first element includes a first segment extending integrally from an upper free edge of the perimeter portion, and a second segment extending from a distal end of the first segment. A second element, having a substantially linear profile, extends integrally from a distal end of the second segment. A third element, also having a linear profile, extends from a distal end of the second element. The third element terminates in a fourth element, which comprises a skirt extending downwardly and integrally from a distal end of the third element, the skirt forming the flow-directing region of the housing.
[00028] The first part and the second part respectively comprise a first body portion and a second body portion. The first body portion has a smaller cross-sectional dimension than the second body portion in a plane transverse to a longitudinal axis of the housing. This dimensional differentiation facilitates the regulation of pressure and fluid velocity across the internal volume of the housing.
[00029] The first body portion and the second body portion are joined at respective open ends at a joint region. The joint region is formed in a fluid-tight manner using at least one method selected from a group consisting of laser welding, ultrasonic welding, micro-tungsten inert gas welding, resistance spot welding, electron beam welding, laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding, capillary soldering, mechanical seaming, adhesives, and combinations thereof.
[00030] Each of the first body portion and the second body portion includes a closed end and an open end. The open ends comprise peripheral boundaries terminating in flanges. The second body portion includes a through hole configured to enable drainage of fluid. A drain nut is disposed above the through hole and is structured to receive a drain cap. The drain cap includes a threaded shaft configured to threadably engage with the drain nut to close the through hole during operation.
[00031] The flange of the first body portion is bent outwardly to form a coupling structure, wherein the coupling structure is selected from the group consisting of a U-shaped channel, a V-shaped channel, and an L-shaped channel. The flange of the second body portion is flared to accommodate the coupling structure. The flange of the first body portion at the coupling structure is joined to the flange of the second body portion using one or more fluid-tight joining techniques selected from the group described above.
[00032] The terminal portion is oriented at an angle with respect to the perimeter portion, the angle being within a range from 70 degrees to 90 degrees, preferably 90 degrees. This orientation reinforces structural stability and contributes to controlled fluid entry and redirection.
[00033] The first body portion is configured to withstand an internal pressure within the range of 1 bar to 25 bar and an external force in the range of 12 kilograms to 35 kilograms, thereby ensuring pressure containment and structural resilience in high-demand operating environments.
[00034] The filter element is disposed within the housing and includes a pleated filter medium arranged in the form of an annular ring. A first end cap is positioned at an upper end of the filter medium, and a second end cap is positioned at a lower end. The first end cap includes an aperture that provides fluid communication with an interior region of the pleated filter medium. The filter element is operatively coupled to the first part of the housing to allow directed flow through the medium.
[00035] The third element of the terminal portion is vertically offset relative to the first and second elements. Specifically, the third element is positioned higher than the second element and lower than the first element. This offset geometry imparts structural reinforcement and supports fluid flow redirection at the terminal region. The first part and the second part are each independently configured to be either symmetric or asymmetric about the longitudinal axis of the housing, providing flexibility in design for integration across varied filtration assemblies.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
[00036] The present discourse shall expound upon the inventive subject matter in conjunction with the accompanying schematic, tendered herewith as an elucidatory framework. This schematic serves as an exemplary to facilitate a deeper apprehension of the intricate constituents and nuanced functionalities inherent in the invention. It is incumbent upon the reader to acknowledge that the schematic, while provided for elucidative purposes, does not adhere to precise scaling and thus is not intended to circumscribe the breadth of the invention.
[00037] Furthermore, it is imperative to underscore that the depictions of embodiments within the schematic are merely illustrative and should not be misconstrued as imposing limitations upon the scope of the invention in any capacity. The adaptability and modifiability of the disclosed embodiments remain uninhibited, and variations thereof may be effectuated without departing from the fundamental essence and coverage of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. The linguistic expressions utilized herein are formulated for descriptive explication and are not intended to impose constraints upon the scope of the invention.
[00038] Through meticulous scrutiny of this visual aid, the reader is afforded a comprehensive and exhaustive comprehension of the operational mechanics and structural composition of the invention. The schematic, serving as a pictorial complement to the ensuing detailed narrative, accentuates the salient facets and distinctive attributes of the invention. It is paramount to recognize that the ensuing narrative discourse aims to provide elucidation regarding various manifestations of the invention and does not purport to encompass every conceivable permutation thereof. The construal of the invention's ambit is to be guided by the appended claims and their attendant legal equivalents, ensuring a robust and encompassing interpretation thereof.
[00039] FIG. 1A illustrates an isometric side view of a housing for accommodating a filter element, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00040] FIG. 1B illustrates a side view of the housing for accommodating the filter element depicted in FIG. 1A.
[00041] FIG. 2A illustrates an isometric cross-sectional side view of an assembly comprising the housing of FIG. 1A, a filter element, and a filter head.
[00042] FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the assembly from FIG. 2A.
[00043] FIG. 2C illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a first part of the housing in FIG. 2A, along with a portion of the filter head.
[00044] FIG. 2D illustrates a partial side cross-sectional view of the first and second parts of the housing of FIG. 2A.
[00045] FIG. 2E illustrates a partial side view of a terminal portion of the first part of the housing from FIG. 2A.
[00046] FIG. 2F illustrates a side view of the housing in FIG. 2A along with the filter head.
[00047] FIG. 2G illustrates a partial isometric view of the first part of the housing in FIG. 2A.
[00048] FIG. 3 illustrates an isometric side view of a housing for accommodating a filter element, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00049] FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 4A depicts a schematic isometric side view of the filter element, while FIG. 4B illustrates a corresponding side view thereof.
[00050] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a drain nut for securing the drain cap, thereby providing selective closure of the drainage aperture and enabling controlled removal of water from the housing.
LIST OF NUMERALS
[00051] The following enumeration delineates the reference numerals utilized throughout the figures and detailed description, serving as precise identifiers for various components and elements disclosed herein.
REFERENCE NUMERALS AND COMPONENT NAMES
Ref. no. Component
100 Housing
110 First part
120 Second part
130 Terminal portion
135 Longitudinal axis
140 End face
150 Opening
170 Perimeter portion
172 Upper free edge
180 First element
182 First segment
184 Second segment
190 Second element
200 Third element
210 Fourth element
212 Skirt
220 First body portion
230 Second body portion
240 Joint region
250 Base portion/Closed end
260 Open top portion/Open end
262 Peripheral boundary
270 Flange
280 Coupling structure
500 Filter element
510 Pleated filter medium
520 First end cap
530 Second end cap
540 Aperture
600 Drain cap
600s Threaded shaft
602 Through hole
604 Body
605 Drain nut
700 Filter head
710 Inlet
720 Outlet
730 Inner tube
740 Outer tube
750 Biasing element
810 Seal
820 Sealing member
900 Center support
1000 Spring/Biasing element
1100 Filter element
1106 Annular cylindrical pleated filter medium (also referred to as filter media)
1102 Top end cap
1104 Bottom end cap
1108 Collar or wall
1110 Apertures (plurality of apertures in collar)
1200 Drain nut
1204 Top end (of drain nut)
1210 Bottom end (of drain nut)
1212 Through hole or aperture (in drain nut)
1202 Extension or collar (of drain nut)
1000 Biasing element (spring)
1206, 1208 Cuts (in peripheral wall of drain nut)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00052] The present disclosure pertains to a structurally advanced and functionally optimized housing designed for accommodating a filter element within high-pressure fluid filtration systems. In view of the persistent limitations observed in conventional housings—particularly with respect to structural deformation under pressure, inadequate sealing at joint interfaces, and non-uniform fluid dynamics—this disclosure provides a technical framework addressing these deficiencies in a comprehensive and industrially scalable manner. The following description sets forth various embodiments, configurations, and operational aspects in furtherance of these objectives, with due regard to manufacturing feasibility, system integration, and performance robustness under demanding operating conditions.
[00053] To aid in the interpretation of the following detailed description and appended claims, certain terminology and conventions are clarified below. Unless explicitly defined otherwise, these terms shall be interpreted according to their conventional meanings as recognized in the relevant technical field.
[00054] Throughout the description and the associated claims, the use of singular forms such as “a,” “an,” and “the” is intended to encompass plural references, unless the context unequivocally requires otherwise. Similarly, the inclusion of terms like “one,” “a,” “an,” or “the” shall be understood to include both singular and plural forms, unless expressly stated otherwise.
[00055] Sequential terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” and so on are used solely to distinguish between different elements or components and are not intended to imply any order, ranking, or priority, unless explicitly indicated or clearly inferred from the context.
[00056] The term “may” as used herein indicates possibility or optionality and is not to be construed as mandatory unless the context specifically dictates otherwise.
[00057] Any reference to specific materials, compositions, or substances shall be understood to include functional equivalents, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
[00058] Spatial terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “rear,” “side,” and similar expressions are used solely for convenience in describing the relative positions or orientations of elements or components in the disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention to any particular spatial configuration, unless expressly indicated.
[00059] The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and “attached,” including grammatical variations thereof, are used interchangeably and do not impose limitations on the nature of the connection, unless otherwise specified or required by context.
[00060] Unless otherwise specified, numeric values presented in this disclosure are to be interpreted as encompassing variations of up to ±10% of the stated value.
[00061] Phrases such as “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” are used to describe specific examples and do not imply that all embodiments must include the features described in any single example. Multiple such phrases may relate to distinct embodiments.
[00062] The terms “optional” or “optionally” indicate that the subsequently described feature, component, or step may or may not be included, depending on the desired implementation.
[00063] When terms such as “substantially” or “essentially” are used to qualify a feature or parameter, they refer to deviations that would be recognized by a person skilled in the art as not materially affecting the intended function or result.
[00064] The terms “comprising,” “comprises,” and “comprised of” as used herein are intended to be inclusive and open-ended. They allow for the inclusion of additional elements, features, steps, or components beyond those specifically mentioned, unless otherwise stated.
[00065] Unless explicitly indicated, measurements and values disclosed herein are to be interpreted as being approximate and should be understood to encompass deviations within a range of ±10% of the stated value.
[00066] As mentioned herein above in the background section, the present disclosure relates to structurally advanced housings configured to accommodate filter elements within fuel or fluid filtration assemblies, which are configured warrant balanced fluid transport, structural integrity under elevated internal and external pressures, and enhanced interface sealing to mitigate leakage and optimize filtration efficiency in industrial and automotive applications.
[00067] The present disclosure pertains to a housing configured to accommodate a filter element, as further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. The housing is structurally configured to withstand internal pressures in the range of 1 to 25 bar, an external force in the range of 12 Kg to 35 Kg, and employs fluid-tight joining techniques—such as laser welding and ultrasonic welding—to ensure leak prevention and structural durability. The modular construction of the housing facilitates uniform pressure distribution and optimized fluid dynamics, thereby enhancing filtration efficiency and reducing flow resistance and associated energy consumption. The improved structural integrity of the housing reduces the need for maintenance, mitigates fluid losses, and minimizes system downtime, thereby contributing to overall operational cost efficiency. Furthermore, the housing incorporates adaptable coupling configurations to support diverse installation requirements, thereby enabling cost-effective manufacturing and ensuring reliable, energy-efficient performance of the filtration system.
[00068] In particular, the present disclosure is described while referring to the figures, wherein FIG. 1A illustrates an isometric side view of a housing for accommodating a filter element, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, FIG. 1B illustrates a side view of the housing for accommodating the filter element depicted in FIG. 1A, FIG. 2A illustrates an isometric cross-sectional side view of an assembly comprising the housing of FIG. 1A, a filter element, and a filter head, FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the assembly from FIG. 2A, FIG. 2C illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a first part of the housing in FIG. 2A, along with a portion of the filter head, FIG. 2D illustrates a partial side cross-sectional view of the first and second parts of the housing in FIG. 2A, FIG. 2E illustrates a partial side view of a terminal portion of the first part of the housing from FIG. 2A, FIG. 2F illustrates a side view of the housing in FIG. 2A along with the filter head, FIG. 2G illustrates a partial isometric view of the first part of the housing in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3 illustrates an isometric side view of a housing for accommodating a filter element, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00069] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, a housing (100) configured to receive a filter element (500) is provided. The housing (100) includes a structural configuration comprising a first part (110) and a second part (120), which are cooperatively engaged to facilitate balanced fluid conveyance. Each of the first part (110) and the second part (120) independently includes a generally bowl-shaped body, designated as the first body portion (220) and the second body portion (230), respectively. Both the first body portion (220) and the second body portion (230) comprise a base portion/closed end (250), which may be closed, and an open top portion/open end (260). The open top portion (260) of each part terminates in a flange (270) and is bounded by a peripheral edge or peripheral boundary (262).
[00070] The housing (100), including the first part (110) and the second part (120), may be fabricated from any material suitable for manufacturing techniques such as seaming, deep drawing, and drawing. Suitable materials include a variety of metals, metalloids, alloys, and their combinations. For instance, stainless steel, aluminum, and low-carbon steel are preferred due to their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and formability. Copper and brass alloys may be employed where improved thermal or electrical conductivity is advantageous. Additionally, metalloids such as titanium and zirconium may be utilized for their favorable strength-to-weight ratios, making them appropriate for applications demanding durability and dimensional precision. The selected material must possess adequate ductility to enable seamless forming and drawing processes while maintaining the required structural integrity.
[00071] Referring to FIG. 2D, which illustrates a partial side cross-sectional view of the first and second parts of the housing, the flange (270) of the first body portion (220) is bent outward to form a coupling structure (280). The coupling structure (280) may be selected from a group comprising a U-shaped channel, an L-shaped channel, or a V-shaped channel. FIG. 2D specifically illustrates the coupling structure (280) in the form of a U-shaped channel. As further shown in FIG. 2D, the flange (270) of the second body portion (230) is flared to receive and accommodate the coupling structure (280) to define the joint region (240). The coupling structure (280) is secured within the flared section by a joining technique selected from among thermal welding methods such as laser welding, ultrasonic welding, micro–tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, resistance spot welding, electron beam welding, and laser–ultrasonic hybrid welding; soldering methods such as capillary soldering; mechanical joining methods such as mechanical seaming; and adhesive bonding using adhesives. Combinations of these methods may also be employed based on specific application requirements.
[00072] The flange (270) of the first body portion (220) incorporates a stepped profile comprising multiple thickness variations that create mechanical interlocking surfaces with the flange of the second body portion, thereby enhancing joint strength and resistance to separation under pressure loading.
[00073] The first part (110) and the second part (120) of the housing (100) generally exhibit bowl-like configurations, although their specific geometries may vary depending on design requirements. The shapes may be selected from a group including, but not limited to, hemispherical, semi-cylindrical, conical, or parabolic profiles. The first part (110) is particularly characterized by a generally flat base, which enhances stability and provides a solid foundation for mounting or integration with adjoining components. In contrast, the second part (120), while also bowl-shaped, may include a more curved or contoured base portion (250). The open top portions (260) of both parts are configured to receive the filter element (500) and promote efficient fluid flow. This structural arrangement facilitates balanced fluid transport within the housing (100) and supports compatibility with fabrication techniques such as seaming and deep drawing.
[00074] The housing (100), comprising the first part (110) and the second part (120), is designed with distinct dimensional characteristics that enhance fluid transport efficiency. Specifically, the first part (110) incorporates the first body portion (220), while the second part (120) includes the second body portion (230). The first body portion (220) is formed with a smaller cross-sectional dimension than the second body portion (230), measured in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis (135) of the housing (100). This dimensional differentiation is intended to optimize internal fluid dynamics by facilitating a smooth and continuous flow path through the filtration system.
[00075] The implementation of such differential sizing enables balanced pressure distribution across the internal chambers of the housing (100), thereby reducing turbulence and flow resistance. This configuration not only improves the effectiveness of the filtration process but also contributes to the structural robustness of the housing, allowing it to withstand a range of operational pressures while minimizing the potential for leakage or mechanical fatigue.
[00076] These complementary structural features enable the housing (100) to accommodate various filter element configurations while maintaining optimal fluid conveyance characteristics. As a result, the housing is rendered suitable for applications requiring precise filtration performance and high mechanical reliability.
[00077] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first part (110) includes a terminal portion (130) and a perimeter portion (170). The terminal portion (130) comprises an end face (140) that defines an opening (150), which is surrounded by the perimeter portion (170). The terminal portion (130) extends from an upper free edge (172) of the perimeter portion (170) and terminates around the opening (150).
[00078] The terminal portion (130) may optionally include a vent port or a port blank configured for subsequent machining to accommodate auxiliary fluid connections or pressure relief functions as required by specific applications.
[00079] The flow interface defined by the terminal portion (130) encompasses the functional region where fluid communication occurs between the internal chamber of the housing (100) and external fluid handling systems. Specifically, the flow interface includes the end face (140) surrounding the opening (150), the internal surface geometries of the terminal portion that guide fluid flow, and the sealing engagement surfaces that interface with components such as the inner tube (730) and outer tube (740). The contoured profile of the terminal portion, formed by the series of interconnected geometric transitions, creates optimized flow characteristics at this interface by providing smooth geometric transitions that reduce flow separation and minimize pressure losses. The flow interface thus serves both as a mechanical coupling region and as a fluid dynamic optimization zone.
[00080] The terminal portion (130) is defined by a cross-sectional profile comprising a plurality of structural elements, each having distinct thicknesses and geometries tailored to meet specific functional and mechanical requirements. These elements may vary in thickness and size to ensure structural strength, durability, and favorable fluid dynamics. For instance, regions subject to higher mechanical stress or pressure may incorporate thicker sections for reinforcement, while thinner sections may be used in areas requiring flexibility or weight optimization.
[00081] The geometric profiles of the structural elements may include linear, angular, curved, or tapered configurations, which enable smooth transitions between adjacent sections and improve internal fluid flow. For example, the first element (180) may include a stepped or angled configuration; the second element (190) may have a linear profile to provide structural rigidity; the third element (200) may incorporate a tapered or vertically offset profile to facilitate alignment and connectivity with other components; and the fourth element (210), which forms a downwardly extending skirt (212), may have a linear, curved, or flared profile. This combination of varied shapes and thicknesses contributes to the overall structural robustness and promotes efficient fluid transport within the housing (100).
[00082] In one embodiment, the first element (180) includes a first segment (182) extending from the upper free edge (172) of the perimeter portion (170), and a second segment (184) extending from the free end of the first segment (182). The first segment (182) is inclined upwardly at an angle relative to an axis parallel to the terminal portion (130), thereby forming an ascending profile. The angle of inclination may range from 1° to 45° with respect to the axis. The second segment (184), which extends from the free end of the first segment (182), descends at a corresponding angle (also between 1° and 45°) with respect to the same axis. Together, the first and second segments form a substantially triangular configuration. The interface where the first segment (182) joins the perimeter portion (170) is rounded and includes a curvature to avoid stress concentrations. The thickness of the first segment (182), the second segment (184), and the curved coupling region is generally greater than that of adjacent portions to account for potential material weakening due to metal forming processes such as deep drawing. The thickness in these regions may range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, with the range being exemplary and not limiting.
[00083] The second element (190), which extends from the distal end of the second segment (184), typically features a substantially linear profile. The transition between the second segment (184) and the second element (190) may be either stepped or smooth. In one preferred embodiment, a smooth transition is provided to minimize disturbance to the fluid flow along the inner surface. The thickness of the second element (190) may range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
[00084] The third element (200), which also exhibits a generally linear profile, extends from the free end of the second element (190). This third element (200) is vertically offset in relation to the first (180) and second (190) elements.
[00085] According to one embodiment, the third element (200) is positioned at a height greater than that of the second element (190), but lower than that of the first element (180). As a result, the second element (190) is vertically recessed relative to the adjacent first and third elements. This arrangement contributes to enhanced mechanical strength within the terminal portion (130), allowing it to withstand elevated operational pressures.
[00086] Finally, the fourth element (210) extends downward from the distal end of the third element (200) and includes a skirt (212) integrally formed therewith. The skirt (212), being a lower portion of the fourth element (210), defines the flow-directing region and may incorporate sealing grooves or contact interfaces. This structural configuration aids in maintaining fluid containment and managing flow within the housing (100) while preserving its structural integrity. The fourth element (210) may have a linear or alternative suitable profile. FIG. 2D depicts the fourth element with a linear profile, which offers specific advantages as described hereinbelow, particularly in relation to the inlet and outlet connections associated with the filter housing.
[00087] The skirt (212) includes an internal sealing groove formed on its inner circumferential surface, configured to receive and retain a sealing member such as an O-ring for establishing fluid-tight engagement with external components.
[00088] In accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the angle formed between the terminal portion (130) and the perimeter portion (170) may range from 70° to 90°. The incorporation of such an angular configuration enhances the mechanical strength of the housing (100), particularly the first part (110), thereby improving its pressure-retention capability.
[00089] According to specific embodiments, the first body portion (220) of the housing (100) is designed to withstand internal and external pressures in the range of 1 bar to 25 bars. These pressure values are exemplary and may vary depending on several factors, including the wall thickness of the housing, the material selection, and the strength of the coupling or joint between the first and second parts. The pressure-handling capability of the housing may be customized by appropriately selecting and combining one or more of these factors during design and manufacturing.
[00090] Additionally, the housing (100) is configured to withstand external mechanical forces in the range of 12 to 35 kilograms applied to the coupling region without compromising structural integrity or sealing performance, achieved through the reinforced terminal portion geometry and robust joint construction. The force may be due to the head or a biasing element (750) placed between the head and terminal end of the housing (100).
[00091] The filter element (500) accommodated within the housing (100) may be of any type known in the art, and the present disclosure is not limited to a specific filter design. In certain embodiments, the filter element (500) is of the pleated type and includes a pleated filter medium (510) arranged in an annular configuration enclosing an internal cavity. The pleated filter medium (510) is bounded by a first end cap (520) at its upper end and a second end cap (530) at its lower end. These end caps may be attached using techniques such as welding, gluing, or molding, among others. The filter medium may be fabricated from a range of materials, including but not limited to cellulose paper and synthetic media containing glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. Material selection is based on factors such as the type of fluid being filtered, flow rate, fluid pressure, and operating environment. In some embodiments, a hydrophobic screen may be included to facilitate water separation from fuel. Additionally, a center support (900) may be provided within the filter element to reinforce the filter medium, as illustrated in FIG. 2B.
[00092] The first end cap (520) may include an aperture (540) that aligns with the opening (150) of the housing (100), specifically within the first part (110). This aperture facilitates fluid communication with the internal cavity of the pleated filter medium (510). In some embodiments, the second end cap (530) may also include an aperture (as shown in FIG. 3), while in alternative embodiments, the second end cap (530) may be of the closed type (as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B).
[00093] The filter element (500) may be coupled to the first part (110) using fasteners, beading, adhesives, or similar attachment methods. In other embodiments, the filter element (500) may be positioned such that it is held between the lower ends of the first and second parts (110, 120), with a biasing element (1000) disposed either above or below the filter element to ensure a secure fit and allow limited axial movement under pressure. One example, depicted in FIGS. 2B and 3, includes a spring (1000) positioned below the filter element and above the base of the second part (120), urging the filter element upward to maintain engagement.
[00094] The first part (110) includes an internal annular bead or stop surface formed on the inner wall of the first body portion (220), configured to axially retain the filter element (500) and prevent upward displacement during operation.
[00095] In some embodiments, the first part (110) and the second part (120) of the housing (100) may each be either symmetric or asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis (135) of the housing. Such symmetry or asymmetry may be deliberately designed or may arise due to manufacturing constraints.
[00096] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second part (120) of the housing (100) is generally bowl-shaped, having a cylindrical profile and a base portion (250) that may be either flat or contoured. The bottom end may be closed, or in some embodiments, may include an aperture. The inclusion of an aperture in the bottom portion facilitates the removal of water (in the case of a fuel–water separator) or fuel, as applicable. The aperture may be sealed using a drain cap (600), which includes a body (604) configured with engaging formations (not shown in the figures) that interface with complementary formations surrounding the aperture, thereby enabling secure attachment. The drain cap (600) may further include a through hole (602), as shown in FIG. 1B, for draining fluid from the housing.
[00097] Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the fuel to be filtered enters the system through an inlet (710) provided on the filter head (700). The first part (110) of the housing (100) is configured to receive the unfiltered fuel and discharge the filtered fuel downstream. The filter element (500) is adapted to accommodate an outer tube (740), which forms part of the filter head (700). The outer tube (740) extends into the interior cavity of the filter element (500) to enable collection of the filtered fuel. More specifically, an inner tube (730) is received within the opening (150) of the housing’s terminal portion (130), allowing the filtered fuel to be conveyed through the tube (730) to the outlet (720). A sealing member (820) is positioned to prevent mixing between the incoming (unfiltered) and outgoing (filtered) fuel streams.
[00098] The drain cap (600) includes a threaded shaft (600s) that extends axially from its inner surface. The threaded shaft (600s) is configured to threadably engage with a corresponding internal thread of the drain nut (605), thereby forming a releasable seal over the through hole (602). The threading allows secure closure of the drainage path during operation and enables manual removal during maintenance or fluid draining operations.
[00099] An outer tube (740) is concentrically arranged around the inner tube (730), maintaining an annular gap between the outer surface of the inner tube (730) and the inner surface of the outer tube (740). The unfiltered fuel flows from the inlet (710) into this annular gap and subsequently enters the first part (110) of the housing, as shown in FIG. 2C. From there, the fuel flows into the annular region formed between the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the filter element (500). The fuel then permeates through the filter medium into the interior of the filter element, from where the cleaned fuel enters the inner tube (730) and is directed to the outlet (720). A seal (810) may be provided between the outer surface of the outer tube (740) and the downwardly extending skirt (212) of the terminal portion (130). In some embodiments, the flow direction may be reversed, i.e., from the inner side of the filter medium to the outer side (in-to-out flow configuration).
[000100] The seal (810) may comprise an O-ring or a molded elastomeric ring disposed circumferentially between the inner surface of the skirt (212) and the outer surface of the outer tube (740). The seal (810) ensures fluid isolation by preventing bypass flow between unfiltered and filtered fuel regions. Additionally, a sealing member (820) is positioned adjacent to the terminal portion (130) and the inner tube (730), such that it obstructs any axial leakage path and maintains separation between inflow and outflow circuits.
[000101] Tables 1 through 3 provided hereinbelow detail various constructional parameters of the housing, material selections, surface treatments, manufacturing specifications, operating conditions, and performance metrics associated with the housing and/or the filter assembly described in the present disclosure.
[000102] The following table provides normalized dimensional data for various components of the housing (100). The terminal portion (130) is used as the base reference with a maximum nominal length of 35 mm. All other lengths are normalized relative to this dimension.
Table 1: Normalized Dimensional Specifications of Housing Components
Component Parameter Normalized Range
(0–1.0)*
First Part (110) Axial Length ~0.06 – 0.17
Second Part (120) Axial Length ~0.06 – 0.17
Terminal Portion (130) Axial Length (reference) 0.43 – 1.00
First Segment (182) Thickness 0.014 – 0.057
Second Segment (184) Thickness 0.014 – 0.057
Flange (270) Width 0.09 – 0.26
Flange (270) Thickness 0.009 – 0.029
Opening (150) Diameter Diameter at End Face (140) 0.63 – 0.77
Skirt (212) Axial Length 0.10 – 0.21
Housing (100) Overall Height (scaled to 130) ~4.29 – 5.71
Housing (100) Max Diameter (scaled to 130) ~1.43 – 2.86
Table 2: Normalized Operating Parameters
Parameter Examples
1* 2* 3 4 5
Internal Pressure Index 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.0 2.1
External Pressure Index 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.3
Impulse Durability Index 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.0
Vibration Resistance Index 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.75 2.25
Operating Temp Index 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Table 3: Normalized Performance Indices (Relative to Example 1 = 1.0)
Metric Examples
1* 2* 3 4 5
Pressure Resistance 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.0 2.1
Flow Distribution Efficiency 1.0 1.07 1.26 1.29 1.33
Joint Integrity (Impulse Test) 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.0
Lifecycle (Service Life) 1.0 1.25 2.25 2.5 3.1
Maintenance Interval 1.0 1.5 4.0 5.0 6.0
Fatigue Resistance 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.75 2.25
*Examples 1 and 2 represent conventional prior art housings used as reference (Index = 1.0)
Example 1 (Prior Art)
[000103] A basic stainless-steel housing fabricated via deep drawing. It includes a linear terminal portion and a simple seam joint. Testing revealed lower performance across all pressure and flow metrics.
Example 2 (Prior Art)
[000104] An aluminum housing with thicker walls and basic flange configuration. Showed marginal improvement in pressure handling but limited lifecycle and suboptimal fluid dynamics.
Example 3 (Present Invention)
[000105] Stainless-steel housing with segmented terminal portion (130) comprising angled first and second segments (182, 184), and an offset third element (200) with skirt (212). Demonstrated normalized performance increases across all test metrics (pressure, flow, and lifecycle).
Example 4 (Present Invention)
[000106] Incorporated optimized angles and vertical offsets in a segmented design with V-shaped coupling. Normalized pressure resistance and joint durability exceed 2× that of conventional units.
Example 5 (Present Invention)
[000107] Heavy-duty variant with maximum wall thickness, L-shaped coupling, and Micro TIG welded joints. Achieved highest indices in pressure tolerance, flow efficiency, fatigue resistance, and service life.
Inference and Patent Justification
[000108] The normalized comparisons in the foregoing tables objectively demonstrate the advancement embodied in the disclosed filter housing (100). Relative to conventional designs, the present invention:
a. Achieves two to three times improvement in pressure endurance, flow uniformity, fatigue resistance, and lifecycle;
b. Provides structural reinforcement through a segmented terminal portion (130) that includes angled segments and vertical offsets (elements 180–210);
c. Enhances joint integrity via advanced welding techniques (laser, ultrasonic, Micro TIG) and geometrically stable coupling structures (U-, V-, or L-shaped channels);
d. Maintains manufacturing adaptability while delivering substantial operational benefits.
[000109] In accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a filter element (1100) is provided, as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 4A depicts a schematic isometric side view of the filter element (1100), while FIG. 4B illustrates a corresponding side view thereof.
[000110] The filter element (1100) comprises an annular cylindrical pleated filter medium (1106) having a first end and a second end, the pleated filter medium (1106) defining an interior space therewithin. A top end cap (1102) is securely disposed at the first end of the pleated filter medium (1106), and a bottom end cap (1104) is correspondingly positioned at the second end. The end caps may be fabricated from materials selected from the group consisting of plastic, metal, and combinations thereof.
[000111] The bottom end cap (1104) is of the closed type, thereby preventing fluid communication between the exterior of the filter medium and the interior space. Conversely, the top end cap (1102) incorporates a central aperture configured to facilitate fluid communication between the exterior of the filter medium and the interior space. The aperture includes a peripheral region from which a collar or wall (1108) extends vertically upward from the top surface of the top end cap (1102), the collar (1108) defining a fluid pathway from the aperture to an upper edge thereof.
[000112] The collar (1108) is provided with a plurality of apertures (1110) configured therethrough. The apertures (1110) function as fluid communication pathways, enabling fluid ingress and egress. The filter element (1100) may be operatively coupled to the housing (100) in a manner substantially similar to conventional filter elements.
[000113] In accordance with further embodiments of the present disclosure, FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a drain nut (605, 1200) for securing the drain cap (600), thereby providing selective closure of the drainage aperture and enabling controlled removal of water from the housing (100). FIG. 5A depicts the drain nut (605, 1200), while FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the drain nut (605, 1200) as positioned within the housing (100).
[000114] The drain nut (1200) is defined between a top end (1204) and a bottom end (1210), with a peripheral wall extending therebetween. A through hole or aperture (1212) is configured within the drain nut (1200), extending from the top end (1204) to the bottom end (1210). The through hole (1212) incorporates internal threading configured for threaded engagement with the threaded shaft (600s) of the drain cap (600).
[000115] The drain nut (1200) further includes an extension or collar (1202) disposed circumferentially around the aperture (1212). The collar (1202) functions as a positioning stop for the biasing element (1000), wherein the biasing element is supported on the top end (1204) and retained in position by the collar (1202).
[000116] The peripheral wall of the drain nut (1200) incorporates a plurality of cuts (1206, 1208) configured therethrough. The cuts are configured to enable crimping of the housing portion around the drain nut (1200), thereby securing the drain nut in position at the base of the housing (100). The number of cuts may exceed two or four, and the present disclosure is not limited to any specific quantity of cuts.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
Technical Advantages
[000117] Superior Pressure Resistance and Structural Integrity
The disclosed housing exhibits up to 2.1× improvement in pressure resistance compared to conventional designs (Table 4), directly addressing the limitations of conventional housings under high internal and external pressure conditions.
[000118] Leak-Proof, High-Integrity Joints: Through the use of laser, ultrasonic, and Micro TIG welding, the joint region (240) between the first and second body portions ensures up to 2× improvement in joint integrity under impulse and fatigue loading (Table 4), thereby minimizing leakage risk under cyclic stress.
[000119] Balanced and Optimized Fluid Flow: The segmented terminal portion (130), incorporating angular and offset geometries, contributes to a 1.3× increase in flow distribution efficiency (Table 4) and eliminates turbulence and dead zones identified in conventional designs.
[000120] Scalable and Modular Architecture: The inclusion of interchangeable coupling profiles (U-, V-, L-shaped structures) and vertically offset elements enables versatile configuration without structural compromise, fulfilling the object of mounting and coupling adaptability.
[000121] Material and Dimensional Efficiency: Normalized component dimensions (Table 2) show optimized use of material across first part (110), second part (120), and segmented elements (182, 184), eliminating over-reinforcement while maintaining normalized lifecycle performance up to 3.1× longer than prior art (Table 4).
Economic Advantages
[000122] Reduced Maintenance Frequency and Downtime: Normalized maintenance intervals are up to 6× greater than those of conventional housings (Table 4), reducing operational disruptions and service costs.
[000123] Lower Fluid Loss and Environmental Impact: Improved sealing (joint index up to 2.0×) reduces leakage incidents, directly lowering fluid replacement costs and minimizing environmental hazards.
[000124] Increased Energy Efficiency: The flow-optimized geometry reduces hydraulic resistance and supports consistent operation at flow rates up to 1.3× higher than traditional housings (Table 4), translating to measurable energy savings over time.
[000125] Extended Service Life: The normalized lifecycle index of up to 3.1× demonstrates sustained performance under operational stress, leading to lower total cost of ownership.
[000126] Manufacturing Versatility: The modular, dimensionally normalized design supports multiple coupling configurations and advanced joining techniques, simplifying production while maintaining compatibility with a wide range of filter geometries and installation conditions. , Claims:We claim:
1. A housing (100) configured to accommodate a filter element (500) therein, the housing (100) comprising:
 a first part (110); and
 a second part (120);
 wherein the first part (110) comprises:
• a perimeter portion (170); and
• a terminal portion (130) integrally extending from the perimeter portion (170);
• wherein the terminal portion (130):
 defines a flow interface;
 includes a series of interconnected geometric transitions (180, 190, 200) that progressively deviate from an initial plane to define a contoured profile, the contoured profile terminating in a flow director (210, 212); and
 comprises an end face (140) surrounding an opening (150), the opening (150) facilitating fluid communication therethrough.
2. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
 the series of interconnected geometric transitions comprise:
• a first element (180) comprising:
 a first segment (182) integrally extending from an upper free edge (172) of the perimeter portion (170); and
 a second segment (184) integrally extending from a distal end of the first segment (182);
• a second element (190) having a substantially linear profile and integrally extending from a distal end of the second segment (184);
• a third element (200) comprising a linear profile and integrally extending from a distal end of the second element (190); and
• a fourth element (210) comprising a skirt (212) integrally and downwardly extending from a distal end of the third element (200), the skirt (212) defining the flow director;
• wherein the third element (200) is vertically offset relative to the second element (190) and the first element (180), such that the third element (200) is positioned higher than the second element (190) and lower than the first element (180);
• wherein the skirt (212) comprises an internal sealing groove configured to receive a sealing member; and
• wherein the opening (150) is configured to sealingly engage with an inner tube (730) extending from a filter head (700).
3. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
 the first part (110) comprises a first body portion (220);
 the second part (120) comprises a second body portion (230);
 wherein the first body portion (220) has a smaller cross-sectional dimension than the second body portion (230) in a plane transverse to a longitudinal axis (135) of the housing (100);
 wherein the first body portion (220) and the second body portion (230) are joined at open ends thereof at a joint region (240) in a fluid-tight manner using at least one method selected from the group consisting of laser welding, ultrasonic welding, micro-tungsten inert gas welding, resistance spot welding, electron beam welding, laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding, capillary soldering, mechanical seaming, adhesives, and combinations thereof;
 and wherein an angle formed between the terminal portion (130) and the perimeter portion (170) lies in a range from 70 degrees to 90 degrees.
4. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
 the first body portion (220) and the second body portion (230) each independently comprise a closed end (250) and an open end (260);
 the open ends (260) comprise a peripheral boundary (262) terminating in a flange (270);
 the flange (270) of the first body portion (220) is bent outwardly to form a coupling structure (280), the coupling structure (280) being one selected from the group consisting of U-shaped channel, V-shaped channel, and L-shaped channel;
 the flange (270) of the second body portion (230) is flared to accommodate the coupling structure (280);
 the flange (270) of the first body portion (220) at the coupling structure (280) is joined to the flange (270) of the second body portion (230);
 and the flange (270) of the first body portion (220) comprises a stepped profile configured to enhance mechanical interlock at the coupling structure (280).
5. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
 the second body portion (230) includes a through hole (602) for draining fluid therethrough;
 a drain nut (605) is disposed above the through hole (602), the drain nut (605) being configured to receive a drain cap (600);
 the drain cap (600) comprises a threaded shaft (600s) configured to threadably engage with the drain nut (605) to close the through hole (602); and
 the terminal portion (130) further comprises a vent port or an optional port blank configured for subsequent machining to enable auxiliary fluid connections.
6. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
 the wall thickness of at least one of the first segment (182), second segment (184), or the skirt (212) lies in a range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm;
 the first body portion (220) is configured to withstand an internal pressure in the range of 1 bar to 25 bar and an external force in the range of 12 kilograms to 35 kilograms.
7. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
 a filter element (500) is housed within the housing (100), the filter element (500) comprising:
• a pleated filter medium (510) in the form of an annular ring;
• a first end cap (520) disposed at an upper end of the pleated filter medium (510); and
• a second end cap (530) disposed at a lower end of the pleated filter medium (510);
 wherein the first end cap (520) comprises an aperture (540) configured to provide fluid communication with an interior region of the pleated filter medium (510);
 and the filter element (500) is operatively coupled to the first part (110).
8. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
 the first part (110) comprises an internal annular bead or stop surface configured to axially retain the filter element (500) in position.
9. The housing (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
 a spring member (1000) is disposed between the filter element (500) and the second part (120), the spring member (1000) being configured to apply axial bias on the filter element (500).
10. The housing (100) as claimed claim 9, wherein the first part (110) and the second part (120) are each independently symmetric or asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis (135) of the housing (100).