Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 & Rule 13)

TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
ONE COMPONENT, MOISTURE CURABLE FIREPROOF NANO-PAINT COMPOSITION

APPLICANT(S):
CHAITANYA NANOTECHNOLOGY PRIVATE LIMITED

An Indian Entity Having Address As:
Shivaji Nagar, FL 1101, 103A/10 11, Rohan Garima,Bhamburda, Bhamburda S Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411015, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PRIORITY
[0001] The present application does not claim priority from any of the patent application(s).
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of nano-paint composition and, in particular, relates to a one component, moisture curable fireproof nano-paint composition that exhibits fireproof and corrosion-resistant properties, and is produced using a sol-gel process.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Fireproof and high-temperature-resistant coatings are essential across numerous industrial sectors, including defense, petroleum refining, chemical and metallurgical industries, power generation, commercial infrastructure, and the construction sector. Such coatings are applied under high-temperature conditions on working equipment such as industrial stoves, large wet tanks, muffle furnaces, and steam pipelines, with the objective of improving surface resistance to extreme thermal environments. In recent decades, the demand for fireproof and high-temperature coatings has continued to increase, both domestically and internationally, leading to extensive research and development efforts in this field.
[0004] Moreover, the term “fireproof” is technically a misnomer, as no material is entirely impervious to fire. Although certain materials may demonstrate high resistance and withstand extreme heat and flames for extended periods, all substances will eventually burn, degrade, or melt when subjected to sufficiently high temperatures and prolonged exposure. In practice, the term “fireproof” is often used interchangeably with “fire-resistant,” though even fire-resistant materials ultimately fail under extreme conditions. Similarly, it is important to distinguish between “flame retardant” and “fireproof.” Flame-retardant coatings do not make a surface non-combustible; instead, they reduce the flammability of the substrate, inhibit ignition, and slow the spread of flames. In the case of fire-retardant paints, these coatings are formulated as decorative and protective finishes that resemble conventional paints while providing rated flame-spread protection in compliance with building and fire safety codes. By slowing down flame propagation, such coatings extend the available evacuation time for occupants and allow emergency response teams additional time to intervene, thereby minimizing property damage and risk to human life.
[0005] Those skilled in the art acknowledge that all materials inherently exhibit a burning or decomposition point beyond which combustion, melting, or other thermally induced changes occur under elevated temperature and extended exposure. In light of this development, conventional terms such as “fire retardant,” “fire resistant,” “intumescent paint,” “fire extinguishing paint,” and “fire suppressant” warrant reconsideration, as they do not accurately describe the performance achieved by the disclosed invention.
[0006] In recent decades, demand for fire- and high-temperature-resistant coating has grown substantially due to evolving industrial safety standards and heightened awareness of fire hazards. Both academic and industrial research in this area have intensified globally. Large-scale facilities, such as petrochemical and chemical plants, often operate under diverse temperature gradients and corrosive environments. Managing multiple specialized coatings for fire resistance, corrosion protection, and thermal stability increases operational complexity and cost.
[0007] Recently, sol-gel coatings have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing surface properties, particularly under humid and high-temperature conditions. Hybrid sol-gel systems offer notable benefits, including improved moisture resistance, enhanced flame retardancy, and surface stability. Two primary approaches are used to synthesize nano-coating systems: ex situ and in situ synthesis. Among these methods, the sol-gel technique stands out for its versatility and compatibility with existing manufacturing processes.
[0008] Currently, intumescent paints are among the most widely used fire-protection technologies. However, they suffer from limitations such as inconsistent char (coke) formation during fire exposure. The foam-like coke layer they produce can act as a thermal barrier but often lacks structural integrity and uniformity under real fire conditions.
[0009] Moreover, current standards do not adequately regulate critical coke foam characteristics, such as density and thickness—that directly affect fire performance. There is a pressing need for methodologies to detect and correct defects in fire-retardant coatings, ideally through in situ evaluations over large surface areas that better replicate field conditions.
[0010] European regulations, such as EN 13501-1, set performance criteria for fire behavior, including flame propagation and smoke generation, through standardized tests (e.g., BS EN 13823 and BS EN ISO 11925-2) so far only under discussion. While no material is entirely non-combustible, those achieving A1 or A2 classifications demonstrate negligible flame spread and minimal smoke emission—key requirements for coatings used in public or high-risk environments.
[0011] Conventional fire-protection technologies, including intumescent coatings, fire-extinguishing paints, and gas-evolution systems, commonly rely on halogenated compounds, expandable graphite, or other environmentally harmful materials. These systems may also require high-energy curing processes, which increase ecological impact and limit their use in energy-sensitive or sustainable applications.
[0012] Moreover, conventional high-temperature resistant coatings currently in use are not truly fireproof, tend to oxidize at elevated temperatures, and often exhibit poor corrosion resistance, which significantly reduces the service life of high-temperature equipment. Additionally, such coatings frequently deteriorate through cracking or peeling, thereby compromising their protective function. Consequently, there remains a critical need for coatings that do not ignite or burn, provide superior corrosion resistance, and ensure enhanced protection and safety under severe operating conditions.
[0013] Numerous patents have explored aspects of nano-coating and compact coating technologies. For example, US Patents No. 7,635,728 B2 and 9,034,221 B2 discuss nano-coatings, while Chinese Patent CN 108-178957B describes a high-temperature glaze requiring sintering above 400°C.
[0014] Similarly, Chinese Patent CN 109-468058A discloses an intumescent coating using ammonium polyphosphate and melamine, but lacks data on fireproof performance at high temperatures and does not meet stringent criteria for true fireproof coatings.
[0015] While some prior art discloses corrosion-resistant or heat-resistant paints, they do not provide fireproof performance at such high temperatures, nor do they offer the same ease of application and environmental advantages. Current coating systems often suffer from flammability, poor corrosion resistance, and inadequate thermal stability, leading to early degradation and reduced service life. While some formulations provide partial solutions, they typically lack comprehensive fireproofing and involve complex or environmentally hazardous materials, for example Intumescent paint.
[0016] Therefore, there is a clear need for the development of a multifunctional, environmentally friendly composition that is fire-proof, non-flammable, corrosion-resistant, thermally stable, and easy to apply, offering durable protection in demanding industrial environments.
[0017] Therefore, there exists a clear need for the development of a multifunctional, eco-friendly composition capable of eliminating supplementary surface treatments, including electrophoretic coating, anodizing, and phosphating, so as to shorten processing time, minimize the use of hazardous chemicals, and facilitate cost-effective fireproof paint formulations.
SUMMARY
[0018] Before the present system and method and its components are summarized, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the system and its arrangement as described, as there can be multiple possible embodiments which are not expressly illustrated in the present disclosure. The present disclosure overcomes one or more shortcomings of the prior art and provides additional advantages discussed throughout the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing the versions or embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter nor is it intended for use in detecting or limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0019] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a one-component, moisture curable, fireproof nano-paint composition (hereinafter maybe alternatively referred to as ‘nano-paint composition’ or ‘composition’).
[0020] In an embodiment, the one-component, moisture curable, fireproof nano-paint composition comprises at least one silane oligomer, wherein the at least one silane oligomer is a reaction product of two or more alkoxy silanes. Further, the nano-paint composition comprises at least one dispersing agent. Further, the nano-paint composition comprises a crosslinking agent, one or more additive, and a solvent.
[0021] In another embodiment, a method for applying the nano-paint composition on a substrate. Herein, the composition cures in the presence of moisture to form an in-situ nanostructured siloxane layer comprising Si–O–Si linkages, the nano-layer having a dry thickness of 20 to 25 μm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0022] Having thus described the disclosure in general terms, references will now be made to the accompanying figures, wherein:
[0023] Figure 1 illustrates a graphical representation of FTIR of nano-paint composition , in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] Figure 2 illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a in-situ nano structure formation of siloxane layer according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0025] It should be noted that the accompanying figures are intended to present illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. These figures are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It should also be noted that accompanying figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of embodiments of the present description. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the present disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b and c" indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0027] The subject matter of the present disclosure may include various modifications and various embodiments, and example embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description. Effects and features of the subject matter of the present disclosure, and implementation methods therefor will become clear with reference to the embodiments described herein below together with the drawings. The subject matter of the present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0028] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or corresponding elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus, redundant description thereof will not be repeated.

[0029] It will be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
[0030] An expression used in the singular may also encompasses the expression of the plural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context.
[0031] In the following embodiments, it is to be understood that the terms such as "including," "includes," "having," "comprises," and "comprising," are intended to indicate the existence of the features or elements disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features or elements may exist or may be added.
[0032] The present invention relates to a one-component, moisture curable nano-paint composition, which is particularly designed to provide fireproof, corrosion protection, and thermal stability in a single, environmentally friendly, room-temperature curable composition.
Herein, the composition exhibits excellent adhesion to all metallic surfaces and is scratch-resistant, with hardness comparable to that of diamond. It demonstrates high chemical resistance and forms a highly compact layer that cures effectively within 16 hours at room temperature. Moreover, the developed composition on application to a substrate is non-flammable and cannot be ignited.
[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, the one-component, moisture curable nano-paint composition comprises at least one silane oligomer, wherein the silane oligomer is a reaction product of two or more alkoxy silanes.
[0034] Herein, the two or more alkoxy silanes are comprised of one or more functional groups selected from amino, hydroxyl, methacrylic, acrylic and epoxy groups.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present invention, the two or more alkoxy silane are selected from the group comprising tetraethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, phenyltrimethoxy silane, isobutyltrimethoxy silane, propyltriethoxy silane, and aminopropyltriethoxy silane, and combination thereof.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes comprise a first set of alkoxy silane comprising tetraethoxy silane and methyl triethoxy silane. Herein, the first set comprising tetraethoxy silane and methyl triethoxy silane are added in a mixing ratio of 7 to 19: 1 to 3 by weight.
In a more preferred embodiment, the first set comprising tetraethoxy silane and methyl triethoxy silane has a mixing ratio of 8 to 12 : 1 to 3.
[0037] In another embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes comprise a second set of alkoxy silane. Herein, the second set of alkoxy silane comprises vinyl triethoxy silane and glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane.
In certain embodiments, the vinyltriethoxysilane in the second set of alkoxy silane enhances adhesion, water resistance, weatherability, and durability of the coating. Whereas the glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane in the second set of alkoxy silane ensures excellent adhesion, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength in the paint film.
Thus, the second set of alkoxy silane improves the interface between nanopaint composition and substrate, leading to longer-lasting, high-performance coatings.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes comprise the first set of alkoxy silane and the second set of alkoxy silane having a mixing ratio in a range of 8:1 to 25:1, and preferably 10: 1 to 19: 1.
[0039] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises two or more alkoxy silanes selected from a first set of alkoxy silanes and second set of alkoxy silanes to promote the formation of uniform and stable siloxane networks under controlled processing conditions. In alternative embodiment, the composition comprises only first set of alkoxy silane. In alternative embodiment, the composition comprises first set of alkoxy silane and one or more alkoxy silanes.
[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes are composed of tetraethoxy silane in a range of 70 to 95% by weight; methyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 30% by weight; vinyl triethoxy silane in a range of 0 to 10% by weight; and glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane in a range of 0 to 10% by weight.
[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes are a combination of tetraethoxy silane in a range of 70 to 95% by weight, methyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 30% by weight, and vinyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 10% by weight.
[0042] In another exemplary embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes are a combination of tetraethoxy silane in a range of 70 to 95% by weight, methyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 30% by weight, and glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 10% by weight.
[0043] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes are a combination of tetraethoxy silane in a range of 70 to 95% by weight; methyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 30% by weight; and glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 10% by weight.
[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the two or more alkoxy silanes are a combination of tetraethoxy silane in a range of 70 to 95% by weight, methyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 30% by weight, vinyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 10% by weight, and glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 10% by weight.
[0045] In an implementation, the at least one silane oligomer is formed through partial hydrolysis and condensation of two or more alkoxy silanes. The at least one silane are reacted under controlled moisture and temperature conditions to form silane oligomer comprising a reactive siloxane network with pendant alkoxy or hydroxyl groups that enable further crosslinking during curing. The silane oligomer provides the core film-forming component and contributes to the high thermal and chemical resistance of the cured composition.
[0046] In another embodiment of the present invention, the one-component, moisture curable, fireproof nano-paint composition further comprises at least one dispersing agent, which facilitates the uniform dispersion of functional additives, nanoparticles, pigments, and fillers within the composition. The at least dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising functionalized hyperdispersants, non-ionic or anionic surfactants compatible with the silane system. Preferably, the at least one dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising alcohol-based dispersing agents, polyethylene glycol-based dispersing agents, polyisobutene-based dispersing agents, polymeric dispersing agents, polyglycol-based dispersing agents and a combination thereof. Herein, the at least one dispersing agent is present in a range of 0.1 to 4% by weight based on the total content of the composition.
[0047] In another embodiment of the present invention, the one-component, moisture curable, fireproof nano-paint composition comprises a crosslinking agent that enhances the crosslinked network density upon curing and improves the mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal durability of the final coating. Herein, the crosslinking agent is present in a range of 0.1 to 4% by weight based on the total content of the composition.
[0048] Suitable crosslinking agents include epoxy-functional silanes such as glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, metal alkoxides such as titanium isopropoxide or zirconium n-propoxide, and other multifunctional silane derivatives. In a preferred embodiment, the crosslinking agent selected from a titanate group comprising tetra n-butyl ortho-titanate, tetra butyl titanate, tetra isopropyl titanate and tetra ethylhexyl titanate.
An epoxy-functional silane is incorporated to promote adhesion to metallic substrates and provide enhanced resistance to aggressive environments.

[0049] The one-component, moisture curable, fireperoof nano-paint composition comprises one or more additives, which may be selected based on the targeted application. These additives may include corrosion inhibitors such as zinc phosphate or cerium oxide, flame retardants such as expandable graphite or aluminum hydroxide, UV stabilizers, rheology modifiers, one inorganic additive, at least one flow and levelling additive, a coloring pigment, defoamers, anti-settling agents, or surface modifiers. Herein, the one or more additives is present in a range of 0.1 to 4% by weight based on the total content of the composition.
[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one inorganic additive is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, alumina powder, zinc oxide, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, clay minerals, kaolin, talc, and a combination thereof. Herein, the at least one inorganic additive is present in a range of 0.5 to 15% by weight, and preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total content of the composition.
[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one flow and levelling additive is selected from the group comprising polyacrylate-based additive, silicone-based additive, cellulose derivative, modified polyether, fluorocarbon-based additive, and alike. Herein, the at least one flow and levelling additive is present in a range of 0.1 to 4% by weigth, and preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the total content of the composition.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the coloring pigment is selected from the group consisting of but not limited to red oxide, black pigment, violet pigment, grey pigment, carbon black, ultramarine blue, chrome yellow, and phthalocyanine blue pigments. Herein, the coloring pigment is present in a range of 1 to 40% by weight, and preferably 5 to 35% by weight, and more preferably 8 to 30% by weight, based on the total content of the composition.
[0053] In another embodiment of the present invention, the one-component, moisture curable, fireproof nano-paint composition comprises a solvent, which acts as a medium for dispersing the components and adjusting the viscosity for application. The solvent is selected from alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, or butanol; esters such as ethyl acetate; or water, in the case of waterborne formulations. In preferred embodiments, a low-VOC solvent system, such as a mixture of ethanol and water, is used to ensure environmental compliance and reduce health hazards during application. Herein, the solvent is used to make the volume of the composition up to 100%.
[0054] Optionally, the one-component, moisture curable nano-paint composition may also include nanoparticles such as silica, alumina, or titania to reinforce the mechanical strength and surface hardness of the cured coating. These nanoparticles, when properly dispersed, contribute to abrasion resistance, barrier properties, and thermal stability. Other optional ingredients may include colorants, dyes, and adhesion promoters depending on the specific end-use.
[0055] The curing of the composition occurs via moisture-curing at ambient temperature. Upon exposure to atmospheric moisture, the alkoxy or hydroxyl groups in the silane oligomer undergo hydrolysis and condensation reactions, forming a robust siloxane network (-Si–O–Si-). The one-component nature of the composition simplifies storage and application, as it does not require mixing of multiple components or elevated temperature curing.
[0056] In an embodiment, the composition may rely upon the reaction of such compositions with atmospheric moisture. Under conditions of a relative humidity of 50%-60%, the composition can be formulated such that a tack-free condition is achieved in 45 to 60 minutes. Handling time of 4 to 6 hours and can be non-flammable non-ignitable in 12 hours. Moreover, the composition develops high chemical resistance in 36 hours.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the siloxane network (-Si–O–Si-) is an in-situ synthesized nanostructured siloxane layer. The in-situ synthesized nanostructured siloxane layer addresses the challenges of long processing times and weak polymer–nanoparticle interactions caused by agglomeration. Moreover, the in situ generated nanostructured siloxane layer demonstrates optical, mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties based on particle size, surface chemistry, and porosity. Due to the nanostructured, in-situ-generated siloxane layer, the nano-paint composition inherently reduces or eliminates the need for conventional additives such as but not limited to nano-titanium dioxide, nano-zinc oxide, and nano-silica thereby simplifying processing and lowering cost.
[0058] In certain embodiments, graphene may be incorporated into a base silane oligomer to reduce the required coating thickness while enhancing mechanical strength. This modification can improve outdoor durability, increase fracture strength, significantly enhance shock resistance, and provide superior anti-cavitation and abrasion resistance, thereby contributing to reduced energy consumption.
[0059] In certain embodiments, the fillers such as stabilizers, rheology modifiers, and surfactants may optionally be included in the composition. The particle size of any particulate fillers is preferably less than 5 microns.
[0060] In another aspect of the invention, a method for preparing a nano-paint composition is provided. The method involves first providing cross-linking agent, at least one dispersing agent, one or more additives which is then admixed with a silane oligomer base component and solvent to form a uniform dispersion. This dispersion may be achieved using techniques such as high-shear mixing, sonication, or other suitable dispersion methods that ensure proper nano-scale distribution.
[0061] Further, additional optional additives, including but not limited to stabilizers, rheology modifiers, surfactants, catalysts, or curing agents, may be incorporated into the mixture, either individually or in various combinations, depending on the desired performance characteristics. The composition may further be adjusted by the inclusion of colorants, or other functional modifiers to achieve specific properties such as enhanced adhesion, flexibility, or resistance to environmental degradation. In some embodiments, the composition may be allowed to settle or age to ensure uniformity and interaction among the components.
[0062] The resulting nano-paint composition may then be applied to a suitable substrate using conventional application methods such as spraying, brushing, or dipping, and subsequently cured under ambient or elevated temperature conditions, depending on the chemistry of the formulation.
[0063] In another aspect of the invention, a method for applying the nano-paint composition on a substrate is disclosed. Herein the composition cures in the presence of moisture to form an in-situ nanostructured siloxane layer comprising Si–O–Si linkages, having a dry thickness of 5 to 25 μm, and preferably 15 to 25 μm. Despite being applied as a thin layer of paints, the in-situ nanostructured siloxane layer imparts its full range of functional properties, such as water repellence, chemical resistance, and durability, because the molecules form a uniform and continuous layer on the surface.
Herein, the substrate is selected form a group comprising but not limited to metal, wood, cement, glass, plastic, ceramic, stone, and composite materials.
[0064] The present invention offers significant technical advantages, including non-flammability due to its inorganic siloxane network backbone and flame-retardant additives, superior corrosion resistance through passive and active mechanisms, high thermal stability owing to the presence of siloxane network backbone, and environmental friendliness by virtue of its low VOC and heavy metal-free formulation. Moreover, the ease of application as a single-component, room-temperature-curable system reduces the operational complexity and time in industrial processes.
[0065] In another embodiment, The nano-paint composition may be applied to a wide variety of surfaces, including metals, plastics, ceramics, concrete, brick, wood, and composites, across numerous industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, textiles, healthcare, construction, and cleanroom environments. It forms a thin, durable coating that resists scratches, abrasion, corrosion, and environmental degradation, thereby extending the lifespan of the treated surfaces. The coating exhibits self-cleaning, superhydrophobic properties that cause water and dirt to bead and roll off, reducing maintenance needs. It can be engineered for strong adhesion to diverse substrates and customized to include functionalities such as antimicrobial activity, UV resistance, flame retardancy, thermal insulation, or optical enhancement. Environmentally friendly formulations using water-based or low-VOC systems are also possible. In the automotive sector, nano coatings protect vehicle exteriors from UV damage and chemical corrosion while enhancing appearance; in aerospace, they reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency; in electronics, they shield devices from moisture and dust; in textiles, they provide water-repellency and stain resistance; and in construction, they protect surfaces from weathering, corrosion, and vandalism.
[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the one-component, moisture curable nano-paint composition of the present invention is suitable for use in a variety of applications, including fireproof coatings for structural steel, thermal and corrosion barriers for pipelines and storage tanks, protective layers for transportation and aerospace parts, and environmentally compliant coatings for infrastructure and architectural surfaces.
[0067] In another embodiment, the nano coating composition offers various advantages which include protection from slow airflow erosion and harsh soda acid atmospheres, thereby significantly extending the service life of inner walls. The preparation method is straightforward, requiring minimal equipment and easily adaptable to industrial-scale production, offering substantial economic benefits. Beyond corrosion resistance, the nano-paint composition imparts a range of valuable properties including hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, scratch resistance, chemical protection, anti-corrosion, anti-graffiti, and ease of cleaning. These features contribute to reduced maintenance requirements by repelling water, oils, dust, and contaminants, allowing cleaning with minimal effort and often requiring only water, thus lowering the ecological footprint by minimizing the use of harsh chemicals and reducing water consumption. Additionally, the nano-paint composition on coating protects surfaces from UV damage, mold, mildew, and oxidation, further enhancing material longevity and reducing waste. For example, when applied to solar panels, the coating prevents dust and dirt buildup, maintaining optimal energy efficiency and decreasing the need for resource-intensive cleaning.

[0068] The nano-paint composition is also highly versatile and customizable, suitable for diverse applications including automotive, aerospace, electronics, textiles, and building industries. It improves surface durability by resisting scratches, abrasion, and corrosion while offering strong adhesion across various substrates such as metals, plastics, ceramics, and composites. The coatings provide significant environmental advantages by reducing energy consumption, lowering emissions, and extending the lifespan of materials, which collectively decrease waste and resource usage. Its fast curing at room temperature eliminates the need for additional energy-intensive processes, enhancing overall sustainability. By improving the performance and longevity, the nano-paint composition supports cleaner energy production and more sustainable industrial operations.
[0069] The following examples further illustrate the invention, its compositions, and performance attributes. However, these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed.

GLOSSARY
Tetraethoxy Silane TEOS
Methyl Triethoxy Silane MTES
Vinyl Triethoxy Silane VTEO
Glycidoxy Propyl Trimethoxy Silane GLYMO
Tetra n-Butyl ortho-Titanate TBT

[0070]
EXAMPLE 1-5: Preparation of Silane Oligomer
For Sample (1), under nitrogen atmosphere, a one-liter three-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a stirrer was charged with 253.48 g of ethanol, 90 g of tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) (Evonik, Dynasylan A), and 10 g of methyl triethoxy silane (MTES) (Evonik). After heating at room temperature, 8 g of 0.1N HCl was added under continuous stirring. The hydrolysis-induced temperature increase reached 5°C. Slow stirring continued for 3 hours, followed by pH adjustment to 7 using finely ground calcium carbonate. DBTL (0.05% w/w) was then added as a catalyst under constant stirring to yield oligomer sample (1). The product was filtered and stored in an inert atmosphere and moisture-proof container.
[0071] To prepare Samples (2) to (5), a similar procedure was followed. The composition of the silane oligomer, including component quantities, is presented in Table 1. Comparative properties of the silane oligomers from Sample (1) to (5) are summarized in Table 2.
Table 1
Quantity (Parts by weight) Reaction time (hr.)
Sample No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) -
TEOS 90 95 85 85 85 3
MTES 10 5 15 10 10 3
VTEO - - - 5 - 3
GLYMO - - - - 5 3

[0072] After initial stabilization period of 24 hours, Oligomeric compositions of sample (1) to (5) were tested as follows. The 10 micron thin film was applied on clean mild steel panel by film applicator. Drying was checked and reported in Table 2. Also, a bent test using mandrel was carried out to check the flexibility and the observations were provided in table 2.
Table 2
Sample No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Drying Time, Surface dry, minutes 25 15 30-35 35-40 40-45
Tack free dry 40-15 30 55-60 55-60 70
Hard dry, hours 3 3 4 4 4
Adhesion by cross-hatch tape 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B
Scratch Hardness, Kg >3 >3 >3 >3 >3
Acetone double rub test After 12 Hours >30 >30 >30 >30 >30
Acetone double rub test After 36 Hours >100 >100 >100 >100 >100
Bent test Pass: 6mm
Fails: 3mm
Pass: 6mm
Fails: 3mm

Pass: 6mm
Fails: 3mm
Pass: 6mm
Fails: 3mm
Pass: 6mm & 3 mm

[0073] It was observed in the above trial runs that the mixing ratio of TEOS:MTES significantly influences film properties, such as brittleness reduction through trifunctional cure site introduction. Pure TEOS oligomer exhibits fast air-drying but poor adhesion, leading to flaking. Adding small amounts of GLYMO improves adhesion and flexibility, enhancing crack resistance during drying. VTEO enhances toughness, while double bonds (unsaturation) provide crosslinking and surface adhesion on plastics features not required in the invention.
It was observed that sample no. (5) was passing 3 mm mandrel adhesion test, no cracking and flaking. There was improvement in flexibility without alteration in chemical resistance. Silane oligomer Sample No. (5) was analysed using FTIR and SEM images to determine the in-situ nanostructure formation.
[0074] Referring to Figure 1, the strong and characteristic Si–O–Si absorption band was observed in the range of 1000–1200 cm⁻¹, which confirms the formation of the siloxane network backbone and the polymeric structure. Additional key peaks include the Si–CH₃ group vibrations (typically observed around 1250–1260 cm⁻¹) and siloxane skeletal vibrations (around 790–800 cm⁻¹), both of which are consistent with the presence of the methyl-substituted polysiloxane framework. Importantly, the absence of absorptions corresponding to the Si–H stretch (2100–2200 cm⁻¹) and hydroxyl groups (–OH stretch) indicates complete condensation of the silanol groups, leading to a crosslinked three-dimensional polysiloxane network.
Baseline absorption peaks at 2954, 2923, and 2854 cm⁻¹ were assigned to C–H stretching vibrations, while absorptions at 1463 and 1376 cm⁻¹ correspond to CH₂ and CH₃ bending vibrations, confirming the alkyl substituents. Additional low-frequency peaks at 765, 721, and 700 cm⁻¹ further support the presence of alkane-based side groups within the crosslinked polymer structure. These absorption features collectively confirm the successful formation of a chemically stable and compact siloxane layer.
[0075] Referring to Figure 2, a SEM micrograph corresponding to a 20 µm scale combined with higher nanoscale observations, demonstrates the in-situ formation of a compact and uniform nanostructured network within the coating. The nanoscale features indicate homogeneous distribution and continuity of the siloxane network, with no evidence of phase separation or microcracking. This nanostructured morphology directly results from in situ generation of Si–O–Si bonds during the curing process, leading to a densely crosslinked three-dimensional framework.
[0076] Thus, the FTIR graph of complete condensation demonstrating absence of residual silanol or hydride groups, aligns with SEM observations of a dense, uniform, and crack-free film morphology. The combination of spectral data and microstructural imaging confirms that the coating has undergone in situ generation of Si–O–Si bonds during the curing process.
Silane oligomer Sample No. (5) was then selected for the preparation of a nano-paint composition.
[0077]
EXAMPLE 6: Nano-paint composition A
The raw materials for were weighed according to the sequence specified in Table 3.
The weighed components were then transferred into a ball mill, and dispersion was carried out for 30 minutes. The dispersion process continued until uniformity was achieved and the required fineness of grind was confirmed using a Hegman gauge.
The general raw material composition of the one component, moisture curable nano-paint composition A is as follows:
Table 3
Component Quantity
Titanium dioxide 20 - 25%
Alumina powder 1-3 %
Silane Oligomer 65-70%
BYK 110 0.2%
Flow and levelling additive 0.2% to 0.5 %
Aerosil 0.5% to 0.8 %,
Tetra n-Butyl ortho-Titanate 0.5 %
Moisture cure catalyst 1%
Iso propanol Makeup volume upto 100

[0078]
EXAMPLE 7: Nano-paint composition B
In similar manner, nano-paint composition B was obtained. The general raw material composition of the one component, moisture curable nano-paint composition B is as follows:
Table 4
Component Quantity
Spinel Black pigment 17 %
Alumina powder 1-3 %
Silane Oligomer 70-75%
BYK 110 0.5%
Flow and levelling additive 0.5 %
Aerosil 0.8 %,
Tetra n-Butyl ortho-Titanate 1 %
Moisture cure catalyst 0.05 %
Iso propanol Makeup volume upto 100

It was observed that the one component, moisture curable nano-paint composition B, passed 1000°C heat test for 5 hours.
[0079]
EXAMPLE 8: Nano-paint composition C
In similar manner, nano-paint composition C was obtained. The general raw material composition of the one component, moisture curable nano-paint composition C is as follows:
Table 5
Component Quantity
Synthetic Red Oxide 10-12 %
Alumina powder 1-3 %
Silane Oligomer 70-75%
BYK 110 0.5%
Flow and levelling additive 0.5 %
Aerosil 200 0.8 %
Tetra n-Butyl ortho-Titanate 1 %
Moisture cure catalyst 0.05 %
Iso propanol Makeup volume upto 100

Comparing examples 6, 7 & 8, it was noted that by addition of tetra n-butyl ortho-titanate (TBT) @ 1% level paint giving good adhesion without peeling off of paint film was observed.
[0080] It was observed that nano-paint composition A, B, C showed similar properties after incorporation of the oligomer composition of Sample no. (5). Further, the corrosion-resistant nano coating was applied by spraying onto various metal surfaces. Following application, the coated surfaces were air-dried for a duration of 6 to 8 hours. The handling time post-application was approximately 4 hours when maintained at an ambient temperature of around 30°C for moisture curing. Further, the nano-paint composition B is further tested after application on Clean MS panel with 24 hours maturation period and the observations were noted in Table 6 below.
Table 6
Test Observation
Dring test : Tack free dry 1 hour, Hard Dry: 24 hours (by nail)
Cross Hatch adhesion 100% OK
Acetone Double rub,36 hrs. > 100 OK
Scratch Hardness > 3 Kg
Direct Flame Burning Test Do not catch Fire, No question of propagation of flame
Water Quenching Test pass more than 3 cycles @ 650°C
Salt spray Test Pass > 1000 hours
Liquid Nitrogen dip test No cracking and peeling
Heat Test @ 1000°C No change in colour of Black paint for 5 hours

[0081] It was observed that, the nano paint compositions A, B, and C are fireproof, cannot be ignited, withstands broad temperature range, one component, simple to use, save lot of time as no special treatments and primers are required, are compact, scratch proof and easy to maintain dust free and clean.

[0082] The present invention provides several significant advantages, including:
• A single-component (1K), moisture-cure formulation that requires no hardener.
• Fireproof characteristics with no flame propagation and absence of gaseous emissions during exposure to fire.
• High resistance to a wide range of chemicals.
• Excellent adhesion on all metallic substrates without the need for surface primers.
• Elimination of primer application, resulting in reduced processing time and cost savings.
• Superior hardness, contributing to enhanced durability and wear resistance.
• Exceptional thermal stability, allowing the coating to withstand temperatures from cryogenic liquid nitrogen levels up to 1000°C.

[0083] It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims, and equivalents thereof.
, C , C , Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. A one-component, moisture curable fireproof nano-paint composition comprising:
at least one silane oligomer, wherein the at least one silane oligomer is a reaction product of two or more alkoxy silanes;
at least one dispersing agent;
a crosslinking agent;
one or more additive; and
a solvent.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two or more alkoxy silanes are selected from the group comprising tetraethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, phenyltrimethoxy silane, isobutyltrimethoxy silane, propyltriethoxy silane, and aminopropyltriethoxy silane, and combination thereof.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two or more alkoxy silanes comprises a first set alkoxy silanes, wherein the first set of alkoxy silanes comprises tetraethoxy silane and methyl triethoxy silane having a mixing ratio in a range of 7 to 19 : 1 to 3 by weight.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two or more alkoxy silanes comprises a second set of alkoxy silanes, wherein the second set of alkoxy silanes comprises vinyl triethoxy silane and glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two or more alkoxy silanes is a combination of
tetraethoxy silane in a range of 70 to 95% by weight;
methyl triethoxy silane in a range of 5 to 30% by weight;
vinyl triethoxy silane in a range of 0 to 10% by weight; and
glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane in a range of 0 to 10% by weight.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising alcohol-based dispersing agents, polyethylene glycol-based dispersing agents, polyisobutene-based dispersing agents, polymeric dispersing agents, polyglycol-based dispersing agents and a combination thereof.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, comprises the crosslinking agent selected from a titanate group comprising tetra n-butyl ortho-titanate, tetra butyl titanate, tetra isopropyl titanate and tetra ethylhexyl titanate.

8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more additive is selected from the group comprising at least one inorganic additive, at least one flow and levelling additive, a coloring pigment and alike.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the at least one inorganic additive selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, alumina powder, zinc oxide, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, clay minerals, kaolin, talc, and a combination thereof;
the at least one flow and levelling additive selected from the group comprising polyacrylate-based additive, silicone-based additive, cellulose derivative, modified polyether, fluorocarbon-based additive, and alike; and
the coloring pigment selected from the group consisting of red oxide, black pigment, violet pigment, grey pigment, carbon black, ultramarine blue, chrome yellow, and phthalocyanine blue pigments.

10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from the group of alcohol comprising ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and 1-butanol.

11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition cures in presence of moisture to form a nanostructured siloxane layer comprising Si–O–Si linkages in-situ on a substrate.

12. A method for applying the nano-paint composition as claimed in claim 1 on a substrate, wherein the composition cures in the presence of moisture to form an in-situ nanostructured siloxane layer comprising Si–O–Si linkages, the nanolayer having a dry thickness of 20 to 25 μm.

13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the substrate is selected form a group comprising metal, wood, cement, glass, plastic, ceramic, stone, and composite materials.
Dated this 18th day of September, 2025

Dated this 18th day of September, 2025

PRIYANK GUPTA
IN/PA- 1454
AGENT FOR THE APPLICANT