Description:FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition. More particularly, the invention relates to an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprising of (a) a film-building component; (b) an organo-mineral component; (c) an organic rheology modifier component; and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries, which offer enhanced durability, weather resistance and aesthetic appearance. The present invention relates to the field of paints and coating composition. This coating paint composition is applicable to both interior and exterior substrates.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Generally, paint is a material or mixture that when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film like layer. These are protective and decorative coatings applied to various surfaces to enhance their appearance, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. Typically composed of binders, pigments, solvents, and additives, paints serve a dual function providing aesthetic value and forming a barrier against moisture, UV radiation, chemicals and mechanical wear.

Over the years, advancements in paint technology have led to the development of specialized formulations tailored for specific applications, including architectural, industrial, and automotive sectors. In particular, there has been a growing demand for environmentally friendly and high-performance paints that meet modern sustainability and safety standards.

Paints and coatings play a critical role in the construction industry by protecting building surfaces from environmental degradation and enhancing their aesthetic value. Over time, innovations in coating technologies have led to specialized formulations that cater to various performance requirements such as thermal insulation, anti-fungal resistance, weather stability, and surface durability. However, many conventional paints particularly those based on organic polymers still rely on petrochemical-derived components and emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which raise environmental and health concerns.

Modern paints are highly engineered materials designed not only to provide colour and finish but also to deliver a range of functional benefits. Depending on their composition, paints can offer water resistance, UV protection, anti-corrosive properties, thermal insulation, and antimicrobial effects. These functionalities are achieved by carefully selecting and balancing the binder, pigment, solvent, and additives. Innovation in raw materials such as hybrid polymers, Nano-additives, and advanced pigments has expanded the possibilities for what paints can do, especially in demanding architectural environments.

Paints are broadly categorized based on their application areas, such as industrial paints, automotive coatings, marine coatings, and architectural paints. Among these, architectural paints also known as decorative or building paints are the most commonly used category, applied to residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. These paints not only improve the appearance of buildings but also serve as the first line of defence against environmental factors such as moisture, sunlight, pollutants, and microbial attack.

In the evolving landscape of architectural coatings, performance and aesthetics are no longer treated as separate objectives but are increasingly addressed through integrated, multifunctional systems. As buildings are expected to meet higher standards for energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and long-term durability, coatings play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. paints, traditionally valued for their smooth finish, enhanced colour depth, and ease of cleaning, are now being engineered with advanced formulations to also support energy-saving functions. When combined with solar-reflective pigments and optimized binder technologies, these coatings can contribute significantly to a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI), reflecting more sunlight and absorbing less heat. This dual functionality is particularly advantageous in warm and tropical climates, where reducing thermal gain on building surfaces can lower cooling loads and improve occupant comfort. By merging visual appeal with environmental performance, , high-SRI coatings represent a new generation of architectural paints that meet both design ambitions and regulatory energy standards.

CN102765925A relates to mineral paint formula, which comprises the following components, by weight percentage: 0%-28% of water, 10%-40% of potassium silicate, 0%-2% of dispersing agent, 0%-3% of thickening agent, 0%-4% of defoamer, 2%-10% of emulsion, 0%-15% of talcum powder, 0%-10% of iron oxide, 0%-10% of glass powder, 0%-7% of zinc oxide, 0%-9% of wollastonite, and 0%-5% of kaolin.
The invention overcomes this prior art by incorporating a uniquely defined film-building component with a precise metal: silicate molar ratio, which is not taught or suggested in CN102765925A. Rather the prior art mentions an emulsion which is petro-chemically derived formulation which has environmental disadvantages. Furthermore, the invention specifies a critical specific gravity range and a structured composition comprising distinct organo-mineral and rheology-modifying agents, enabling the formulation of a high-gloss inorganic silicate paint with enhanced film formation and aesthetic performance not achievable by the prior art.

CN111218146A relates to composite functional coating for adsorbing and decomposing indoor harmful gases is characterized by mass parts, the formula of the composite functional coating comprises 3500 parts of 2500-fold water, 30-40 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 15-25 parts of 10% KOH solution, 30-40 parts of odour-free defoamer, 55-65 parts of odour-free dispersant, 40-50 parts of odour-free wetting agent, 500 parts of 300-fold titanium dioxide, 2500 parts of 2000-fold diatomite powder, 2500 parts of 2000-fold heavy powder, 1500 parts of 1000-fold kaolin, 1200 parts of 1000-fold functional resin base material, 500 parts of 100-fold odour-free film-forming assistant, 30-50 parts of flatting agent, 15-25 parts of bactericide and 20-30 parts of mildew preventive.

The invention overcomes this prior art by incorporating a uniquely defined film-building component with a precise metal: silicate molar ratio, which is not taught or suggested in CN111218146A. Furthermore, the invention specifies a critical specific gravity range and a structured composition comprising distinct organo-mineral and rheology-modifying agents, enabling the formulation of a high-gloss inorganic silicate paint with enhanced film formation and aesthetic performance not achievable by the prior art.

CN101298531A relates to zero-VOC tranquilization nano-emulsion paint characterized by the following formulation ratio: Deionized water 20-30 part, Microcrystalline cellulose 0.03-0.3 part, Dispersion agent 0.15-1.5 part, Wetting agent 0.01-0.1 part, Defoamer 0.03-0.3 part, Sanitas 0.01-0.1 part, Nanometer Margarita powder 0.5-5 part, Colour stuffing 35-45 part, Sanitas 0.01-0.1 part, Defoamer 0.05-0.5 part, VAE emulsion 25-40 part, 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution 0.02-0.2 part and Thickening material 0.01-1.0 part.

The invention overcomes this prior art by incorporating a uniquely defined film-building component with a precise metal: silicate molar ratio, which is not taught or suggested in CN101298531A. Furthermore, the invention specifies a critical specific gravity range and a structured composition comprising distinct organo-mineral and rheology-modifying agents, enabling the formulation of a high-gloss inorganic silicate paint with enhanced film formation and aesthetic performance not achievable by the prior art.

WO2024041195A1 relates to an environmentally friendly water-based high-concentration inorganic pigment paste containing the following components in terms of mass percentage:
The environmentally friendly water-based high-concentration inorganic pigment paste characterized in that the inorganic pigment is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, iron oxide black, iron oxide brown, titanium white, chrome green, cobalt Blue, cobalt chrome blue, cobalt green, cobalt chrome green, ultramarine, bismuth vanadate, iron chromium black, iron manganese black, titanium nickel yellow, titanium chromium brown, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, natural and synthetic mica , talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, one or more; preferably, the amount of the inorganic pigment is 55-75wt% in terms of mass percentage.

The invention overcomes this prior art by incorporating a uniquely defined film-building component with a precise metal: silicate molar ratio, which is not taught or suggested in WO2024041195A1. Furthermore, the invention specifies a critical specific gravity range and a structured composition comprising distinct organo-mineral and rheology-modifying agents, enabling the formulation of a high-gloss inorganic silicate paint with enhanced film formation and aesthetic performance not achievable by the prior art.

EP1559753A2 relates to a photocatalytic paint with an antibacterial and anti-pollutant effect, designed for use in residential and public buildings, which contains Paint with an antibacterial and anti-smog effect, characterised in that it has the following composition: Mixture of titanium dioxides 10 to 30% potassium silicate 10 to 30%, silicate stabiliser 0.1 to 0.9%, anti-mould agent 0.1 to 0.4%, hydroxymethylcellulose 0.1 to 0.6%, dispersing agent 0.1 to 0.6%, antifoaming agent 0.1 to 0.6%, ultra-fine carbonate 5 to 15%, various fillers 5 to 15%, filler/extender 1 to 8%, water repellent 1 to 5%, acrylic emulsion 0 to 6%, white spirit 0 to 2%, cellulose fibres 0 to 1%, water 10 to 35%.

The prior art formulations, while diverse in composition present several limitations. Many rely heavily on inorganic pigments and fillers, which can lead to sedimentation or poor dispersion stability. The use of multiple additives in high concentrations, such as dispersants, defoamers, and thickeners, may result in formulation complexity, increased cost, or potential compatibility issues. Some systems incorporate VOC-free components but still require alkaline conditions or synthetic emulsions that may compromise long-term stability or environmental safety. Additionally, certain formulations may lack sufficient film-forming efficiency or structural reinforcement, limiting their durability and overall performance.

The present invention however provides an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition that achieves functional integration and enhanced performance with simplified component architecture. This design promotes interlayer compatibility and material synergy, leading to superior adhesion, enhanced weather resistance, and long-term durability. These features distinguish the invention from the prior art and provide a more efficient, scalable, and environmentally responsible solution for architectural coating applications.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The principle aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprising of (a) a film-building component consisting of: (i) a metal-to-silicate molar ratio of 1:3.27 ± 0.15; (b) an organo-mineral component; (c) an organic rheology modifier component and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries; wherein, (a) a film-building component exhibits specific gravity in the range of 1.33 to 1.36.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprising of (a) a film-building component present in an amount of 10.0 to 50.0 % w/w; (b) an organo-mineral component present in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0 % w/w; (c) an organic rheology modifier component present in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 % w/w; and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries.

The principle aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprising the following steps:
a. prepare the gel base by blending a rheology modifier into the solvent until a homogeneous gel is formed at moderate speed;
b. add additives into step a under gentle stirring, gradually flushing with solvent to ensure complete incorporation and uniformity;
c. introduce pigments into the uniform base under vigorous stirring, followed by solvent addition to enhance spread-ability, and then grind the mixture for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste;
d. once the blend is formed, add an organo-mineral component into step c to improve paint durability;
e. incorporate a structurant and continue mixing for 5 to 10 minutes to ensure even dispersion;
f. add the film builder into step e and blend continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to get final component.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide (a) a film-building component selected from Sodium Silicate, Lithium Silicate, Potassium Silicate, Zinc Phosphate, Magnesium Silicate, Calcium Silicate or mixture thereof.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide (b) an organo-mineral component selected from Amino-silane modified montmorillonite, Poly(methyl methacrylate)-organoclay nanocomposites, Colloidal silica in polyurethane dispersions, Calcium carbonate coated with pine oil or mixture thereof.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide (c) an organic rheology modifier component selected from Hydroxyethyl cellulose, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Attapulgite Clay, ethyl hydroxyethyl Cellulose, Bentonite or mixture thereof.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries selected from additives, pigments, structurant, dispersants, pH adjusters, defoamers, solvent or a mixture thereof.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein the film-forming component comprises potassium oxide (K₂O) in an amount ranging from 10% to 12% by weight.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein the film-forming component comprises silicon dioxide (Si₂O) in an amount ranging from 23% to 25% by weight.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein the film-building component comprises a metal: silicate molar ratio in the range of 1:3.27 ± 0.15 to 1.5:4.5 ± 0.15.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein, film building component exhibits a specific gravity in the range of 1.33 to 1.36.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition that is free from Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), offers enhanced breathability, and provides resistance to UV radiation.

Further, another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein the formulation achieves High Solar Reflective Index (SRI).

Further aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition exhibiting superior wet scrub resistance.

Further aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition characterized by a reduced Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC).

Further aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein the formulation can be applied on cementitious, metal, or lime plaster surfaces.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiment is merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional and structural details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention.

As used herein, the terms below have the meanings indicated.

The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" may refer to plural articles unless specifically stated otherwise.

The term "about," as used herein, is intended to qualify the numerical values which it modifies, denoting such a value as variable within a margin of error. When no particular margin of error, such as a standard deviation to a mean value given in a chart or table of data, is recited, the term "about" should be understood to mean that range which would encompass the recited value and the range which would be included by rounding up or down to that figure as well, taking into account significant figures.

The embodiments, illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” etc. shall be read expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claimed technology. Additionally, the phrase “consisting essentially of” will be understood to include those elements specifically recited and those additional elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed technology. The phrase “consisting of” excludes any element not specified.

The biological materials used in the present invention i.e. Pine Oil was extracted from Needles, twigs, stumps of coniferous pine trees and were obtained from Delhi, India. Similarly, Xanthan Gum was produced by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates from Gujarat, India. Furthermore, Guar Gum was extracted from Endosperm of guar seeds from Haryana, India.

The principle embodiment of the present invention is an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprising of: (a) a film-building component consisting of: (i) a metal-to-silicate molar ratio of 1:3.27 ± 0.15; (b) an organo-mineral component; (c) an organic rheology modifier component and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries; wherein, (a) a film-building component exhibits specific gravity in the range of 1.33 to 1.36.

In an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of (a) a film-building component present in an amount of 10 to 50 % w/w; (b) an organo-mineral component present in an amount of 0 to 10 % w/w; (c) an organic rheology modifier component present in an amount of 0 to 5 % w/w; and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries.

“Paints” are finishes that provide a shiny, reflective surface with a smooth, polished look. Known for their durability and resistance to moisture, stains, and wear, paints are ideal for surfaces that require frequent cleaning or are exposed to heavy use, such as doors, trim, cabinets, and furniture. Their tough finish makes them especially suitable for kitchens, bathrooms, and high-traffic areas. However, because paints highlight surface imperfections, proper surface preparation like sanding and priming is essential for achieving a flawless result. While they can be more difficult to apply evenly than matte or satin finishes, their sleek appearance and longevity make paints a popular choice for both residential and commercial settings where a bold, elegant finish is desired.

“Solar Reflective Index (SRI)” is a key performance metric used to evaluate how well a surface reflects solar heat, combining both solar reflectance and thermal emittance into a single value. In the context of paints and coatings, especially for exterior applications, a high SRI indicates that the coated surface stays cooler under sunlight by reflecting more of the sun’s rays and efficiently releasing absorbed heat. Paints with high SRI values are commonly used in cool roof systems, building exteriors, and energy-efficient architecture to reduce indoor temperatures and lower cooling energy demand. White and light-coloured paints typically have higher SRI values, while dark colours tend to absorb more heat and have lower SRI. Specialized solar-reflective pigments can be used to improve the SRI of darker shades. Paints with high SRI also help reduce the urban heat island effect, contributing to more sustainable and comfortable environments. SRI is measured on a scale from 0 (black surface) to 100 (white surface), but some coatings can exceed 100 with advanced reflective technologies.

“Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)” are carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate at room temperature and are commonly emitted from paints, varnishes, and building materials. In paint, VOCs come primarily from solvents that aid application and drying. However, they contribute to indoor air pollution and can cause health issues ranging from headaches and irritation to long-term organ damage and cancer. Environmentally, VOCs react with nitrogen oxides under sunlight to form ground-level ozone, a key contributor to smog and climate change. In response, low-VOC and zero-VOC paints have emerged as safer, eco-friendly alternatives, supported by regulations and growing consumer demand.

“Film builders” are essential components in paint formulations that enable the formation of a continuous, durable film upon drying. They bind pigments and additives, ensuring strong adhesion to the substrate while influencing key properties like gloss, hardness, chemical resistance, and weather ability. Depending on their chemistry, film builders may be organic (e.g., acrylics, polyurethanes) or inorganic (e.g., silicates, phosphates). Inorganic film builders like potassium silicate form rigid, cross-linked networks that offer high durability and environmental resistance. Their type and concentration significantly impact the paint’s performance, including its flexibility, adhesion, and longevity. An optimized film builder enhances overall coating uniformity, improves resistance to abrasion and UV exposure, and contributes to the long-term aesthetic and protective function of the paint film.

“Organo-mineral” paint formulations combine both organic and inorganic components to leverage the benefits of each. These systems typically include inorganic binders along with organic additives or modifiers such as oils, silicone resins, acrylic emulsions, or functionalized polymers. Oils like Pine oil acts as a natural solvent and dispersant, aiding in the uniform distribution of mineral pigments. The inorganic phase offers excellent durability, UV resistance, and breathability, while the organic phase improves flexibility, adhesion, and water repellence. This hybrid approach enhances film integrity, reduces cracking, and increases compatibility with various substrates. Organo-mineral paints are especially suitable for façade coatings, restoration works, and high-performance architectural applications. They balance aesthetic appeal with long-term protective performance. Such systems are also more environmentally friendly due to their reduced reliance on volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

“Rheology modifiers” are additives that control the viscosity, flow, and texture of paints during application and drying. They ensure ease of application by brush, roller, or spray while preventing dripping, sagging, and pigment settling. These modifiers provide shear-thinning behaviour thick at rest but thinning when stirred or applied. Common examples include cellulose derivatives, clays, and synthetic polymers. They also improve levelling, film build, and storage stability. In water-based paints, rheology modifiers are crucial for a smooth, consistent finish. Additionally, they influence open time, drying rate, and spatter resistance. By optimizing flow properties, they enhance both application and final coating performance.

“Organic rheology modifiers” are carbon-based additives used in paints to control viscosity and flow behaviour. They include natural polymers like cellulose derivatives (e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose) or natural gums and synthetic types such as acrylic, urethane, and associative thickeners. These modifiers form a network within the paint to stabilize pigments and prevent settling. They enhance application by reducing sagging, dripping, and improving film levelling. Especially vital in water-based paints, they ensure consistency and stability throughout storage and use. Many offer shear-thinning properties thick at rest but easy to apply. This improves workability without sacrificing finish quality. Their adaptability and efficiency make them key to high-performance, user-friendly coatings.

“Additives” are minor but essential components in paint formulations that enhance specific properties and improve overall performance. They are typically used in small quantities but have a significant impact on application, stability, and durability. Common additives include dispersing agents, wetting agents, defoamers, thickeners, biocides, and UV stabilizers. Each serves a targeted function such as improving pigment dispersion, preventing foam formation, enhancing viscosity control, or extending shelf life. Additives also help modify flow, levelling, and drying characteristics of the paint. The right combination of additives ensures consistent appearance, ease of application, and long-term protection. Their selection depends on the type of paint system (e.g., water-based, solvent-based) and the desired end-use performance. Advanced formulations may also include functional additives for antimicrobial, anti-corrosive, or self-cleaning properties.

“Pigments” are finely ground solid particles added to paint formulations to provide colour, opacity, and protection. They are classified as organic or inorganic, each offering distinct properties such as brightness, durability, or UV resistance. In addition to colour pigments, extender pigments like calcium carbonate and talc are used to modify texture, sheen, and cost. Pigments influence key paint characteristics such as hiding power, gloss, and weather resistance. Inorganic pigments like titanium dioxide offer excellent opacity and lightfastness. Organic pigments provide brighter, more vibrant colours but may have lower UV stability. Proper dispersion of pigments ensures uniform colour and consistency. The pigment volume concentration (PVC) plays a critical role in determining the final appearance and performance of the paint film.

"Structurant" refers to a component that contributes to the internal structure and physical stability of the paint formulation. The structurant plays a critical role in maintaining the uniform distribution of solids, preventing settling during storage, and ensuring desirable rheological behavior during application. It imparts viscosity control, enhances thixotropy, and supports the formation of a stable, homogeneous matrix. Structurants may include organically or inorganically derived materials, such as modified clays, silicates, or polymeric thickeners, provided they are chemically compatible with the silicate matrix. They are typically added in small amounts but have a significant effect on film integrity, crack resistance, and overall durability. In the present formulation, the structurant is selected to maintain the balance between flowability and mechanical strength without compromising the mineral character of the paint.

“Solvents” are liquids used in paints to dissolve or disperse binders and pigments, creating a uniform, easy-to-apply mixture. They control viscosity for smooth application by brush, roller, or spray, and then evaporate to allow film formation. Common solvents include water (for water-based paints), mineral spirits, turpentine, and organic chemicals like acetone or alcohols. Solvents influence drying time, odour, finish, and durability. Traditional solvents often emit VOCs, raising environmental and health concerns. This has driven the shift toward low-VOC and solvent-free formulations for safer, eco-friendly coatings.

“Moderate speed” mixing plays a vital role during the initial blending stages. It provides sufficient agitation to ensure uniform incorporation of resins, solvents, additives, and other components without generating excessive heat or foam. This speed range is gentle enough to protect sensitive ingredients from mechanical stress, yet effective in achieving a consistent and stable mixture. It also helps maintain the desired viscosity and prevents air entrapment, which is critical for achieving smooth application and long-term stability. Moderate-speed mixing is often used before transitioning to high-shear dispersion or grinding processes.

The principle embodiment of the present invention is an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprising of: (a) a film-building component consisting of: (i) a metal-to-silicate molar ratio of 1:3.27 ± 0.15; (b) an organo-mineral component; (c) an organic rheology modifier component and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries; wherein, (a) a film-building component exhibits specific gravity in the range of 1.33 to 1.36.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of component (a) a film-builder present in an amount of 10 to 50 % w/w; component (b) an organo-mineral present in an amount of 0 to 10 % w/w; component (c) an organic rheology modifier present in an amount of 0 to 5 % w/w; and component (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries.

In an embodiment of the present invention is the process for preparation of the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises the following steps:
a. prepare the gel base by blending a rheology modifier into the solvent until a homogeneous gel is formed at moderate speed;
b. add additives under gentle stirring, gradually flushing with solvent to ensure complete incorporation and uniformity;
c. introduce pigments into the uniform base under vigorous stirring, followed by solvent addition to enhance spread-ability, and then grind the mixture for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste;
d. once the blend is formed, add an organo-mineral component to improve paint durability;
e. incorporate a structurant and continue mixing for 5 to 10 minutes to ensure even dispersion;
f. finally, add the film builder and blend continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to allow the reaction between all constituents to complete.

In an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of a film-building component selected from Sodium Silicate, Lithium Silicate, Potassium Silicate, Zinc Phosphate, Magnesium Silicate, Calcium Silicate or mixture thereof.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of an organo-mineral component selected from Amino-silane modified montmorillonite, Poly(methyl methacrylate)-organoclay nanocomposites, Colloidal silica in polyurethane dispersions, Calcium carbonate coated with pine oil or mixture thereof.

In an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of an organic rheology modifier component selected from Hydroxyethyl cellulose, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Attapulgite Clay, ethyl hydroxyethyl Cellulose, Bentonite or mixture thereof.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries selected from additives, pigments, structurant, dispersants, solvents, pH adjusters, defoamers or a mixture thereof present in an amount of 12 to 50 % w/w.

In an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of additives selected from BYK 193, Dispersogen SPX, Afcone 6225, Afcona 4570 or mixture thereof present in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 % w/w.

In an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of additives selected from Poly(neopentyl glycol-co-isophthalic acid-co-adipic acid), Modified polyacrylate copolymer, 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-methacrylic acid), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, Sodium hexametaphosphate, calcium boro-silicates or mixtures thereof present in amount of 1.0 to 3.0 % w/w.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of pigments selected from Zinc oxide, Talc, Titanium Dioxide, Wollastonite, Lithopones, Kaolin clay, Zinc Chromates or a mixture thereof present in an amount of 8 to 35 % w/w.

In an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of structurant selected from colloidal silica, hydrogenated castor oil, Amide-Modified Hydrogenated Castor Oil , Poly(dimer acid-co-ethylenediamine), Poly(dimer acid-co-isophoronediamine), hectorite clay or a mixture thereof present in an amount of 1.0 to 2.0 % w/w.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of solvent selected from Water, Glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Dipropylene Glycol, 1,3-Propanediol, Capryl Glucoside or Dimethyl sulfoxide present in sufficient quantity.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of film-builder which acts by forming a continuous, cohesive layer as the paint dries, binding pigments and additives into a uniform film. Upon its application, it undergoes coalescence, polymerization, or network formation to create a solid matrix that adheres to the substrate. This film provides the paint's mechanical strength, gloss, durability, and resistance to environmental factors such as moisture, UV light, and abrasion.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of organo-mineral, which acts by synergistic interaction between inorganic binders and organic modifiers. The inorganic component forms a rigid, durable, and UV-stable silicate network, while the organic phase enhances flexibility, adhesion, water repellence, and film integrity. Together, they create a hybrid matrix that balances hardness and elasticity, improving crack resistance, substrate compatibility, and overall weather durability.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises of organic rheology modifier which acts by interacting with the liquid phase and other formulation components to control viscosity, flow, and stability. These modifiers adjust the paint’s rheological behaviour across different shear rates.

Another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition constitutes film-building component comprises potassium oxide (K₂O) in an amount ranging from 10% to 12% by weight which provide an optimal balance between alkali strength and binder performance, ensuring good solubility of the silicate, enhanced film formation, and strong adhesion to mineral substrates.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide an inorganic mineral silicate paint composition wherein the film-building component comprises silicon dioxide (Si₂O) in an amount ranging from 23% to 25% by weight provides enhanced structural integrity, improved film durability, and optimized network formation within the silicate matrix. This specific SiO₂ content ensures a well-developed three-dimensional silicate network upon curing, contributing to superior adhesion, weather resistance, and mechanical strength of the dried paint film.

Another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition constitutes film-building component comprising a metal: silicate molar ratio in the range of 1:3.27 ± 0.15 to 1.5:4.5 ± 0.15, thereby enhancing the film formation characteristics of the composition.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition constitutes film building component exhibiting a specific gravity in the range of 1.33 to 1.36, thereby facilitating improved dispersion and ease of application of the paint composition.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition is free from Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), offers enhanced breathability, and provide resistance to UV radiation.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition achieves High Solar Reflective Index (SRI).

Yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition exhibits superior wet scrub resistance, thereby demonstrating enhanced durability and prolonged maintenance of aesthetic and protective properties upon application.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition is characterized by a reduced Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC), thereby enhancing its gloss retention and adhesion properties.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition can be applied on cementitious, metal, or lime plaster surfaces.

Paints are pigmented liquid substances that are applied to surfaces for protection, decoration, or both. Composed primarily of pigments, binders, solvents, and additives, paints are available in various formulations depending on their intended use. Pigments provide colour and opacity, while binders hold the pigment particles together and help them adhere to the surface. Solvents, often water or oil-based, adjust the paint's viscosity for application, and additives improve properties like drying time, durability, or resistance to mold and UV rays.

The evolution of paint technology has allowed for specialized types suited to different environments and materials. For example, enamel paints offer a hard, glossy finish ideal for metal and wood, while latex paints, which are water-based, are popular for their ease of clean up and low odour. Paints not only enhance aesthetics but also serve practical functions such as corrosion resistance, moisture sealing, and fire retardation, making them a crucial component in industries ranging from automotive to marine to household decor.

Architectural paints are specifically formulated for use in buildings and structures, both interior and exterior. These paints are designed to withstand environmental conditions such as sunlight, humidity, and temperature fluctuations while maintaining aesthetic appeal. Commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial construction, architectural paints come in various finishes including matte, satin, semi-gloss, and high-gloss, each providing different visual and functional effects depending on the space and surface.

Durability, ease of application, wash-ability, and environmental impact are key considerations in the selection of architectural paints. Modern architectural coatings often include low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) or zero-VOC formulations to minimize health risks and environmental damage. Innovations in this field have also led to the development of antimicrobial and self-cleaning paints, which contribute to healthier indoor environments and reduced maintenance costs. Thus, architectural paints are not just decorative they are essential for the long-term performance and sustainability of built environments.

EXAMPLES:

EXAMPLE 1: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PAINT FORMULATION

Sr.No. Ingredient % w/w
1. Xanthan Gum 2.0
2. Poly(neopentyl glycol-co-isophthalic acid-co-adipic acid), Modified polyacrylate copolymer, 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-methacrylic acid), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane

2.5
3. Zinc oxide, Talc, Titanium Dioxide, Wollastonite
32.0
4. Calcium Carbonate 5.0
5. Pine Oil 0.5
6. Colloidal Silica 1.5
7. Potassium silicate 46.0
8. Water 10.5

To make a homogeneous gel base, blend Xanthan Gum in water at moderate speed and ensure uniformity of gel. Then add poly(neopentyl glycol-co-isophthalic acid-co-adipic acid), modified polyacrylate copolymer, 12-hydroxystearic acid, poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-methacrylic acid), and polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane with gradual addition of water. After completion add zinc oxide, talc, titanium dioxide, and wollastonite followed by further water addition and grinding for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste. Calcium carbonate coated with pine oil is added to enhance durability. Then colloidal silica was also added and mixed for 5 minutes to ensure even dispersion. Finally, potassium silicate was added into reaction mixture and stirred continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to complete the reaction and stabilize the paint formulation.

EXAMPLE 2: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PAINT FORMULATION

Sr.No. Ingredient % w/w
1. Hydroxyethyl cellulose 4.0
2. Sodium hexametaphosphate, calcium borosilicate, 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane

3.0
3. Zinc oxide, Kaolin, Titanium Dioxide, Lithopones
25.0
4. Colloidal silica in polyurethane 8.5
5. Hectorite clay 1.0
6. Lithium silicate 40.0
7. Glycerol 18.5

To make a homogeneous gel base, blend Hydroxyethyl cellulose in glycerol at moderate speed and ensure uniformity of gel. Then add Sodium hexametaphosphate, calcium borosilicate, 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane with gradual addition of glycerol. After completion add Zinc oxide, Kaolin, Titanium Dioxide, Lithopones followed by further glycerol addition and grinding for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste. Colloidal silica in polyurethane is added to enhance durability. Then Hectorite clay was also added and mixed for 5 minutes to ensure even dispersion. Finally, Lithium silicate was added into reaction mixture and stirred continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to complete the reaction and stabilize the paint formulation.

EXAMPLE 3: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PAINT FORMULATION

Sr.No. Ingredient % w/w
1. Guar Gum 5.0
2. Sodium hexametaphosphate, Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane
1.5
3. Talc, Kaolin, Zinc Oxide, Lithopones 30.0
4. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-organoclay nanocomposites 10.0
5. Amide-Modified Hydrogenated Castor Oil 1.5
6. Sodium silicate 50.0
7. Polyethylene Glycol 2.0

To make a homogeneous gel base, blend Guar Gum in Polyethylene Glycol at moderate speed and ensure uniformity of gel. Then add Sodium hexametaphosphate, Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane with gradual addition of Polyethylene Glycol. After completion add Talc, Kaolin, Zinc Oxide, Lithopones followed by further Polyethylene Glycol addition and grinding for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-organoclay nanocomposites is added to enhance durability. Then Amide-Modified Hydrogenated Castor Oil was also added and mixed for 5 minutes to ensure even dispersion. Finally, Sodium silicate was added into reaction mixture and stirred continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to complete the reaction and stabilize the paint formulation.

EXAMPLE 4: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PAINT FORMULATION

Sr.No. Ingredient % w/w
1. Ethyl hydroxyethyl Cellulose 3.5
2. 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-methacrylic acid), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane
2.5
3. Talc, Zinc Oxide, Wollastonite 27.0
4. Calcium Carbonate 6.0
5. Pine oil 1.0
6. colloidal silica 1.0
7. Magnesium silicate 20.0
8. Capryl Glucoside 39.0

To make a homogeneous gel base, blend Ethyl hydroxyethyl Cellulose in Capryl Glucoside at moderate speed and ensure uniformity of gel. Then add 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-methacrylic acid), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane with gradual addition of Capryl Glucoside. After completion add Talc, Zinc Oxide, Wollastonite followed by further Capryl Glucoside addition and grinding for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste. Calcium carbonate coated with pine oil is added to enhance durability. Then colloidal silica was also added and mixed for 5 minutes to ensure even dispersion. Finally, Magnesium silicate was added into reaction mixture and stirred continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to complete the reaction and stabilize the paint formulation.

EXAMPLE 5: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PAINT FORMULATION

Sr.No. Ingredient % w/w
1. Bentonite 2.5
2. BYK 193, Dispersogen SPX, Afcone 6225
3.0
3. Kaolin, Zinc Oxide, Wollastonite, Lithopones 32.0
4. Calcium Carbonate 5.5
5. Pine oil 0.5
6. hydrogenated castor oil 1.5
7. Calcium silicate 35.0
8. 1,3-Propanediol 20.0

To make a homogeneous gel base, blend Bentonite in 1,3-Propanediol at moderate speed and ensure uniformity of gel. Then add BYK 193, Dispersogen SPX, Afcone 6225 with gradual addition of 1,3-Propanediol. After completion add Kaolin, Zinc Oxide, Wollastonite, Lithopones followed by further 1,3-Propanediol addition and grinding for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste. Calcium Carbonate coated with pine oil is added to enhance durability. Then hydrogenated castor oil was also added and mixed for 5 minutes to ensure even dispersion. Finally, Calcium silicate was added into reaction mixture and stirred continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to complete the reaction and stabilize the paint formulation.

EXAMPLE 6: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MOLAR RATIOS OF POTASSIUM: SILICATE FOR FORMULATION 1

The following examples illustrate a comparative study conducted to evaluate the effects of varying molar ratios of potassium to silicate in the inorganic silicate paint formulation. The purpose of this study is to determine how changes in the K₂O : SiO₂ molar ratio influence key performance parameters relevant to applications such as workability, paint film properties, specific gravity, crack resistance, paint stability, wet scrub resistance and viscosity. Each formulation was prepared under controlled laboratory conditions and assessed for various properties. The results demonstrate the functional advantages and limitations associated with different K2O: SiO2 ratios, thereby supporting the selection of optimal formulations for better application and enhanced effects.

Parameters Present Invention (Molar Ratio) Reference Composition 1 (Molar Ratio) Reference Composition 2 (Molar Ratio)
1:3.27 ± 0.15 to 1.5:4.5 ± 0.15 1 : 2.00 ± 0.15 to 1.2:2.1 ± 0.15 1 : 3.90 ± 0.15 to 1.2: 4.00± 0.15
K2O Content 10% - 12% 19% – 22% 7% - 9%
SiO2 Content 23% – 25% 25% – 28% 20% – 22%
Specific Gravity (at 27°C) 1.33–1.36 1.52–1.56 1.24–1.26
Paint Film Properties Tough and Flexible Hard but brittle Soft, weak adhesion
Workability / Flow Excellent Poor (too viscous) Moderate
Crack Resistance High Low Low
Paint Stability Excellent (stable) Fair (settling seen) Poor (gel-like phase)
Viscosity (KU/Stokes) Within acceptable range Very high Too low
Wet Scrub Resistance High Moderate Low

Conclusion:
The comparative evaluation clearly demonstrates that the present invention, with a molar ratio in the range of 1:3.27 ± 0.15 to 1.5:4.5 ± 0.15, a specific gravity of 1.33 to 1.36, K₂O content of 10% to 12%, and SiO₂ content of 23% to 25%, delivers the most balanced and desirable performance characteristics for silicate-based paint applications. This composition provides an optimal combination of toughness and flexibility in the dried film, excellent workability and flow, high crack resistance, outstanding storage stability, and appropriate viscosity within acceptable processing limits, along with high wet scrub resistance.

In contrast, Reference Composition 1, with a lower molar ratio (1:2.00 ± 0.15 to 1.2:2.1 ± 0.15) and higher K₂O content (19% to 22%), results in a hard but brittle film, poor workability due to high viscosity, and only moderate stability. Reference Composition 2, having a higher molar ratio (1:3.90 ± 0.15 to 1.2:4.00 ± 0.15) and lower K₂O (7% to 9%) and SiO₂ (20% to 22%) content, forms a soft film with weak adhesion, shows instability in the form of gelation, and has poor resistance to wet scrubbing.

Thus, the formulation defined in the present invention demonstrates a well-optimized balance of chemical and physical properties, making it the most suitable for achieving superior overall performance in inorganic mineral silicate paint systems.

EXAMPLE 7: STORAGE STABILITY OF THE PAINT FORMULATION

The following table shows storage stability of the paint formulation prepared according to the present invention. Stability was evaluated under accelerated conditions by storing the samples at elevated temperatures and ambient conditions over a defined period. Key parameters such as viscosity, phase separation, sedimentation, colour consistency, and any gelation or coagulation phenomena were monitored at regular intervals. These studies demonstrate the robustness of the formulations in maintaining homogeneity, ease of application, and performance characteristics during typical storage and handling, thereby confirming their suitability for commercial use.

Parameter Initial After 2 Years After 5 Years
Appearance Homogeneous, smooth, no phase separation Slight sedimentation, easily re-dispersed Minor sedimentation, no coagulation
Viscosity (KU) 100.3± 3 98.0± 3 96.5± 3
pH 11.72 ± 0.1 11.50 ± 0.1 11.0 ± 0.1
Opacity 91.91 91.80 91.50
Gloss (20°) 1.6 1.5 1.3
Gloss (60°) 3.5 3.2 3.1
Gloss (85°) 6.5 6.4 6.3
Phase Separation None None None
Film Formation Uniform, smooth film Uniform film, minor decrease in hardness Slightly softer film, good adhesion
Wet Scrub Resistance (cycles) 8500 8470 8450
Crack Resistance Excellent Good Good
Stability to Microbial Growth No growth observed No growth observed No growth observed

Conclusion:
The storage stability study of the paint formulation over a 5-year period demonstrates excellent long-term performance under standard storage conditions. The formulation maintained its physical and application properties, including viscosity, film formation, and scrub resistance, with only minor and expected changes such as slight sedimentation and minimal yellowing. Importantly, no phase separation, microbial growth, or irreversible settling was observed, and all components remained re-dispersible with minimal agitation. These results confirm the formulation’s robustness and suitability for extended shelf life in commercial applications, supporting the efficacy of the selected combination of binders, rheology modifiers, dispersants, defoamers, and functional fillers.

EXAMPLE 8: PIGMENT VOLUME CONCENTRATION (PVC) STUDY OF FORMULATION

The following study was conducted to evaluate the influence of pigment volume concentration (PVC) on the performance and application characteristics of the paint formulation described herein. PVC represents the ratio of the combined volume of pigments and extenders to the total volume of the non-volatile components in the formulation, and it is a critical parameter affecting properties such as film appearance, durability, adhesion, scrub resistance, and permeability. By systematically varying the PVC levels while maintaining all other formulation variables constant, this study demonstrates how changes in PVC impact the balance between performance and cost. The results provide guidance for selecting the most appropriate PVC range for achieving optimal coating properties in various application environments.

Parameters 25% PVC 45% PVC 65% PVC
Appearance Smooth, glossy film Smooth, low-sheen film Chalky, porous surface
Water Resistance Excellent Good Poor
Adhesion 5B 4B 2B
Crack Resistance High Moderate Low
Touch Dry Time 45 minutes 30 minutes 25 minutes

Conclusion:
The PVC study clearly demonstrates that the physical and performance characteristics of the paint formulation are strongly influenced by pigment volume concentration. At 25% PVC, the paint exhibits, excellent scrub and water resistance, and strong film integrity, making it suitable for premium interior or exterior applications. The 45% PVC formulation provides a balanced performance, offering good opacity, reasonable durability, and moderate gloss making it appropriate for general-purpose architectural coatings. However, at 65% PVC, the formulation becomes brittle, porous, and shows poor water and scrub resistance due to reduced binder content. Therefore, the optimal PVC range for this formulation lies between 25% and 50%, ensuring a favourable balance of aesthetics, durability, and cost-effectiveness.
, Claims:Claims:

I/We claim;

1. An inorganic mineral silicate paint composition comprises:
a) a film-building component consisting of:
  (i) a metal-to-silicate molar ratio of 1:3.27 ± 0.15 and
b) an organo-mineral component;
c) an organic rheology modifier component;
d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries;
wherein, (a) a film-building component exhibits specific gravity in the range of 1.33 to 1.36.

2. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (a) a film-building component is present in an amount of 10.0 to 50.0 % w/w; (b) an organo-mineral component is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0 % w/w; (c) an organic rheology modifier component is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 % w/w; and (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries.

3. A process for preparation of the inorganic mineral silicate paint composition which comprises:
a. prepare the gel base by blending a rheology modifier into the solvent until a homogeneous gel is formed at moderate speed;
b. add additives under gentle stirring, gradually flushing with solvent to ensure complete incorporation and uniformity;
c. introduce pigments into the uniform base under vigorous stirring, followed by solvent addition to enhance spread-ability, and then grind the mixture for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a consistent paste;
d. once the blend is formed, add an organo-mineral component to improve paint durability;
e. incorporate a structurant and continue mixing for 5 to 10 minutes to ensure even dispersion;
f. finally, add the film builder and blend continuously for 30 to 40 minutes to allow the reaction between all constituents to complete.

4. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (a) a film-building component is selected from Sodium Silicate, Lithium Silicate, Potassium Silicate, Zinc Phosphate, Magnesium Silicate or Calcium Silicate.

5. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (b) an organo-mineral component is selected from Amino-silane modified montmorillonite, Poly(methyl methacrylate)-organoclay nanocomposites, Colloidal silica in polyurethane dispersions or Calcium carbonate coated with pine oil.

6. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (c) an organic rheology modifier component is selected from Hydroxyethyl cellulose, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Attapulgite Clay, ethyl hydroxyethyl Cellulose or Bentonite.

7. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (d) chemically acceptable composition auxiliaries are selected from additives, pigments, structurant, dispersants, pH adjusters, defoamers, stabilisers, solvent or a mixture thereof.

8. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (a) a film-building component comprises potassium oxide (K₂O) in an amount ranging from 10% to 12% by weight which provides optimal balance of alkali strength and binder performance, promoting silicate solubility, effective film formation, and strong adhesion to mineral substrates.

9. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein (a) a film-building component comprises silicon dioxide (Si₂O) in an amount ranging from 23% to 25% by weight which provides enhanced structural integrity and durability by promoting optimized three-dimensional silicate network formation, resulting in superior adhesion, weather resistance, and mechanical strength.

10. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1 & 7, wherein additives selected from Poly(neopentyl glycol-co-isophthalic acid-co-adipic acid), Modified polyacrylate copolymer, 12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA), Poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-methacrylic acid), Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, Sodium hexametaphosphate, calcium boro-silicates or mixtures thereof.

11. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1 & 7, wherein pigments selected from Zinc oxide, Talc, Titanium Dioxide, Wollastonite, Lithopones, Kaolin clay, Zinc Chromates or a mixture thereof.

12. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1 & 7, wherein structurant selected from colloidal silica, hydrogenated castor oil, Amide-Modified Hydrogenated Castor Oil , Poly(dimer acid-co-ethylenediamine), Poly(dimer acid-co-isophoronediamine) or hectorite clay.

13. The inorganic mineral silicate paint composition as claimed in claim 1 & 7, wherein solvent selected from Water, Glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Dipropylene Glycol, 1,3-Propanediol, Capryl Glucoside or Dimethyl sulfoxide.

Dated this 14th day of August, 2025