Description:FORM-2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patent Rules, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)

Title:
"SENSOR-DRIVEN WATER-EFFICIENT FLUSH SYSTEM WITH AUTOMATED HYGIENE AND ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES"

Applicant Name Nationality Address
ANALYTICSPLUS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED INDIAN Flat-43, Palace Court 1, Kyd Street, 1st Floor Kolkata, West Bengal - 700016, India

THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED.

FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to an advanced sanitary system, particularly an improved sensor-driven flush system designed to optimize water usage, improve user hygiene, and enhance accessibility for the elderly and differently abled along with IoT integration which makes it easily accessible and manageable from any place around the world making the infrastructure well managed and sustainable.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Traditional toilet systems are often inefficient in water usage and hygiene maintenance. They typically dispense a fixed amount of water regardless of the waste volume, leading to water wastage. Manual flushing systems also require direct contact with surfaces, increasing the risk of cross-contamination, particularly in public restrooms. Moreover, the design of traditional toilets poses challenges for elderly and differently-abled users, who may require additional support and comfort features.
However, the evolution of sanitary systems has led to significant advancements in automatic flushing technologies, aimed at improving hygiene, water conservation, and user convenience. Various patent literature discusses developments in smart toilet systems, each offering a unique approach to addressing these goals. However, many existing systems have limitations in either functionality, accessibility, or efficiency, which the Sensor-Driven Flush System overcomes.
For instance, Chinese patent application CN 103912049 A describes a Water-Saving Fully-Automatic Intelligent Pedestal Pan, which integrates body sensors and manual flushing switches to automate the flush based on preset water consumption volumes. The system features a circumferential water spray pipe and a float-controlled drain outlet. While this system offers water-saving capabilities and automatic flushing, its reliance on predefined water usage volumes limits its ability to dynamically adjust flush volume based on actual user activity, unlike the present invention which optimizes water usage in real-time based on sensor-driven analysis.
Likewise, U.S. patent publication no. US 9383914 B2 presents a Touch-Free User Recognition Assembly for Activating Smart Toilet Devices, allowing users to operate smart toilet functions through passive input. While this system enables touch-free operation, its functionality is limited to activating devices based solely on the user's presence, without offering features such as disinfectant dispensing, pan lubricating, aroma spraying, or accessibility enhancements, which are integrated into the present invention.
Also U.S. patent publication no. US 4,309,781 discloses an Automatic Flushing System that uses infrared sensors to detect user presence and initiate a flush. This system mirrors basic functionality in terms of user detection but lacks additional features such as multi-tiered water conservation mechanisms or disinfectant spraying capabilities.
Indian patent application no. 201611041368 discloses an Automatic Flushing and Floor Cleaning System, where sensors detect user presence and trigger both toilet and floor cleaning mechanisms. While the system provides dual functionality, it primarily focuses on floor cleaning, with minimal emphasis on user comfort, hygiene maintenance, and water conservation in the flushing process, all of which are key elements in the current invention.
And Indian patent application no. 3115/MUM/2012 discusses a Smart Toilet Flushing System designed to deliver predefined quantities of water and cleanser based on user requirements. This system, although capable of avoiding water wastage, is limited by its reliance on predefined water amounts, whereas the Sensor-Driven Flush System uses real-time sensor input to dynamically adjust water usage, offering superior efficiency and conservation.
Recognizing these shortcomings, the Sensor-Driven Flush System addresses key challenges related to water conservation, hygiene, user accessibility, and maintenance. The system integrates sensor-driven technology to automate the flushing process, reducing water consumption while maintaining high standards of cleanliness.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of the present invention is to provide an advanced smart toilet system featuring automatic flushing and user-friendly functionalities, designed to enhance ease of use, optimize water conservation, and maintain high standards of hygiene within restroom facilities.
Another object of the invention is to optimize water usage by leveraging sensor-based technology to detect user presence and accurately monitor the duration of use, dynamically adjusting flush volumes to minimize water wastage. By distinguishing between short and long duration, the system ensures effective flushing while conserving water resources, making it highly efficient for both residential and high-traffic public settings use of pan lubricant in the spray solution to ensure minimum water usage to clean the pan.
A further object of the invention is to promote enhanced hygiene and cleanliness through fully hands-free operation, reducing the need for manual contact with restroom surfaces. The system includes automatic disinfectant and aroma dispensing capabilities, activated upon user entry and post-flush, to maintain a fresh and sanitized environment, thus minimizing cross-contamination risks in shared or public restrooms.
Yet another object of the invention is to offer customizable accessibility features to cater specifically to elderly and differently abled individuals. These features include foldable armrests for support, a flush override switch for manual flushing as needed, a comfortable footrest, a hydraulic actuator for easy adjustments, and a foldable buttock rest. These assistive components aim to improve comfort and accessibility, making the system especially suitable for healthcare facilities, senior living environments, and other contexts prioritizing user inclusivity.
Yet another object is to incorporate an integrated, sensor-driven control system that seamlessly manages all operations, including user detection, flush timing, and hygiene maintenance. The system’s intelligent architecture ensures that each function—whether activating a half or full flush or adjusting disinfectant dispensing intervals—responds precisely to real-time user interaction, optimizing overall performance.
A further object of the invention is to ensure compatibility with standard toilet designs and plumbing systems, making the smart toilet system adaptable for retrofitting in existing restroom setups. This versatility allows for straightforward installation across various settings, including residential homes, commercial establishments, institutional facilities, and public restrooms, thereby increasing its applicability and ease of adoption.
Additionally, it is an object of the present invention to include IoT-enabled remote monitoring and management capabilities, allowing facility managers to oversee multiple units in real time. Through cloud-based monitoring and management, the system provides alerts on water usage, hygiene, and dispenser levels, ensuring proactive maintenance and operational efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sensor-driven flush system developed to address limitations in existing restroom technology by providing a fully automated, resource-efficient, and user-friendly solution. The system is equipped with advanced sensor-driven flushing mechanisms, automatic disinfectant and aroma dispensing, and accessibility features that cater specifically to the needs of elderly and differently abled users. This comprehensive approach enhances performance in both residential and commercial settings, delivering an optimal user experience, water conservation, and environmental sustainability.
The system utilizes cutting-edge sensor technology in conjunction with traditional sanitary components to create a hands-free, hygienic, and water-efficient solution. Key components include motion sensors and infrared (IR) sensors that detect user presence and activity, automatically triggering the flush based on time spent. Depending on user interaction, the system adjusts between a half flush and a full flush, dynamically optimizing water usage while ensuring effective waste removal. This functionality is powered by intelligent algorithms within the control unit, which manages timing, flush volume, and hygiene features in real-time.
In one embodiment, the system integrates automatic disinfectant pan lubricating and aroma dispensing, activated upon user entry and post-flush, to maintain cleanliness and freshness within the restroom. This feature helps minimize cross-contamination risks, creating a consistently pleasant environment, particularly in high-traffic restrooms.
In another embodiment, the system incorporates optional accessibility enhancements including foldable armrests, footrests, a hydraulic actuator, a disinfection override switch, and a flush override switch. These assistive features are designed to improve restroom accessibility, especially for elderly or differently abled individuals, making the system suitable for healthcare facilities, senior living centers, and rehabilitation environments.
Further aspects of the invention include customizable flush volumes and a manual override function for special circumstances, allowing users or maintenance staff to control flush intensity when needed. Along with that the manual disinfection provision allows the staffs and users to control disinfection to their satisfaction if needed extra. The system also incorporates sensor-driven timers that track user duration, triggering flush adjustments based on predefined time thresholds to prevent water wastage and promote efficiency.
The present invention represents an improvement over prior versions by offering a comprehensive, sensor-driven solution that enhances water conservation, hygiene, and user accessibility. By integrating advanced sensors, real-time control systems, and accessible design elements, this innovative smart toilet provides an adaptable and sustainable solution for residential, commercial, and institutional settings, addressing diverse user needs while promoting environmental responsibility.
The present invention is characteristically an improved and better version over prior version as the inclusion of the sensor-driven flush system represents a significant advancement in toilet technology, offering optimized water usage, improved hygiene, and enhanced user accessibility. By integrating advanced sensors, intelligent algorithms, and accessible design elements, the system provides a comprehensive solution for residential, commercial, and institutional settings, catering to a wide range of user needs while promoting environmental sustainability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes references to the annexed drawings wherein:
Figure. 1: Depicts the complete setup of flush system (100) with IoTFlush Box (300) coupled to automatic flush mechanism (111) in a toilet.
Figure. 2: Shows an operation flow diagram of the sensor driven flush system (100) in figure 2(a) and figure 2(b).
Figure. 3: Shows a complete elaboration of components of the control system (302).
Figure. 4: Shows a specially adapted toilet system design for the system (100) with an accessibility option which can be retrofitted over public, private and institutional rest rooms. Figure 4(a) depicts the system with disabled accessibility option, and Figure 4(b) shows additional foldable seat and lift mechanisms.
Figure. 5: Shows the internal components present within the coupled automatic flush mechanism (111) in its disengaged or resting position.
Figure. 6: Shows the internal components present within the coupled automatic flush mechanism (111) in its activation mode.
Figure. 7: Shows the internal components present within the coupled automatic flush mechanism (111) in its forceful turn off stage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the described embodiments or the application and uses of the described embodiments. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalogue of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure, which do not depart from the scope of the instant invention. Hence, the following descriptions are intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations, and variations thereof.
The terms “for example” and “such as,” and grammatical equivalences thereof, the phrase “and without limitation” is understood to follow unless explicitly stated otherwise.
As used herein, the term “about” is meant to account for variations due to any experimental errors which may be commonly accepted in the field for a numeric value, for example such a variation can be considered as a ±10% of the said numeric value. All measurements reported herein are understood to be modified by the term “about,” whether or not the term is explicitly used, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Further for the purposes of the present invention, ranges may be expressed as from “about” one particular value to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value to the other particular value. The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all the numeric values subsumed within that range.
As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present disclosure; other suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be used. The materials, methods and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting by any means. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of a conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or step or group of elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other element or step or group of elements or steps.
The term “including” is used to mean “including but not limited to”, “including” and “including but not limited to” are used interchangeably.
The term “(4D) solution” as used herein the specification refers to a solution according to the present invention comprising a mixture of cleaning, disinfecting, deodorising and pan lubrication solution.
The present invention relates to an improved sensor-driven flush system that combines cutting-edge sensor technology with traditional sanitary systems to enhance user experience, improve hygiene, and conserve water. The system also includes motion sensors and infrared sensors to detect the user’s presence, triggering the flushing and disinfection cum deodorising cum drenching (4D) solution spray process automatically. Depending on the user's presence and time spent, the system adjusts flushing duration between a half flush and a full flush, optimizing water usage.
In some embodiments according to the present invention the system core comprises of a Sensor-Driven Flush System, which is a combination of sensors, including Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors and Infrared (IR) sensors. These sensors detect motion and presence within the toilet area, initiating the dispensing and flushing processes. The system is divided into key operational stages, starting with the detection of motion and followed by a series of actions based on the user's interaction with the system.
In one aspect of the above embodiment the motion of the user is detected within the proximity of the toilet using a PIR sensor, the system initiates the cleaning or disinfectant or lubricating and aroma solution (the 4D solution) dispensing mechanism. If no motion is detected, the system remains to its idle state, minimizing unnecessary operation. This is also capable of avoiding unnecessary spray for any unwanted motion detected within the proximity of the toilet in a particular time span.
In yet another aspect of the above embodiment the system uses IR Sensor, wherein once the user is seated on the toilet, the IR sensor starts the flushing algorithm which initiates a timer (Timer1). This timer is used to measure the time spent by the user and influences the water volume dispensed during the flush.
In yet another embodiment according to the present invention the flush mechanism of the system characteristically differentiates between half flush and full flush based on the user’s presence duration on the seat/ pan.
In an exemplary aspect, for instance if the user remains seated for more than 15 seconds but less than 100 seconds, the system performs a half flush, using a reduced volume of water. User presence less than 15 seconds will be ignored as any unwanted use case. And if the user’s presence exceeds 100 seconds, a full flush is triggered, ensuring effective waste removal.
In a related aspect in between these durations, the system continuously monitors the user’s presence, using Timer 2 to account for fluctuations. For example, if the user briefly stands up but re-seats within 5 seconds, the system resumes Timer 1 instead of triggering the flush.
In some embodiments according to the present invention the system further comprises an IoTFlush box wherein disinfectant pan lubrication and aroma dispensing unit is embedded. And upon detecting user presence, the system activates the 4D solution dispenser. This component is controlled by an algorithm that calculates the appropriate dispensing time based on restroom activity. The system ensures optimised delivery of disinfectant pan lubricant and aroma to maintain a hygienic and pleasant environment, minimizing unnecessary wastage.
In some embodiments according to the present invention the system also includes optional features to improve accessibility for disabled and elderly users, wherein the system comprises:
- Foldable Armrests and a Foldable Buttock Rest, providing support and comfort for elderly or differently abled users;
- A Hydraulic Actuator that assists users in standing or sitting positions, ensuring ease of use;
- A Footrest for added comfort, especially for users who may need additional support;
- A Flush Override Switch for manual operation if needed, ensuring the system remains functional even in case of sensor malfunction.
In yet another embodiment according to the present invention the system is designed to minimize energy consumption, using low-power sensors and an efficient control system that activates some components only when necessary. Water usage is optimized through sensor-driven flush volumes, ensuring that the system uses precisely the amount of water required based on the user’s activity.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smart flush control mechanism integrated within the sensor-driven flush system that dynamically regulates the volume of water dispensed during flushing, independent of the total tank capacity. Unlike conventional dual-flush systems that rely on fixed pre-set volumes, this mechanism enables programmable or sensor-based adjustment of flush quantity. For example, in a tank with a 10-liter storage capacity, the system may selectively release 6 liters or 8 liters depending on the user’s activity duration, hygiene requirements, or pre-configured user-defined settings. This adaptive regulation ensures precise water usage, preventing wastage while maintaining effective cleaning performance. The programmable nature of the mechanism also allows customization for diverse restroom environments—residential, commercial, or institutional—thereby offering flexibility, sustainability, and enhanced user satisfaction over existing flush systems.
Further details of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments disclosed herein, specified for the same or similar element identical label / reference numerals, but regardless of figure number, redundancy description will be omitted. In addition, it is to be noted that attached drawing is only shown easily to illustrate the invention, therefore, they should not be construed to limit presently disclosed technology design by attached drawing.
The present invention relates to an improved sensor-driven flush system (100) with integrated Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, dynamic control features, and enhanced accessibility for users (400). The system is designed to provide optimal water usage, improved hygiene, and ease of use. The invention also features a seamless automatic/manual flush mechanism that ensures consistent operation without interfering with traditional manual flush components.
In one aspect according the above embodiment the disclosed system (100) is also suitable for elderly and differently abled individuals, due to ease of use and enhanced accessibility.
Referring to Figure 1, the complete setup of the Sensor-Driven Flush System (100) is shown. The system comprises an IoTFlush Box (300), which embeds within two main components: the Aroma/Disinfectant/Pan lubricant Chamber (301) and the Control System (302). The IoTFlush Box (300) manages the overall operation of the system, controlling both the flushing mechanism and hygiene-related functions such as dispensing disinfectant and aroma. The Nozzle (303) is positioned to deliver the disinfectant pan lubricant or aroma automatically, ensuring the restroom remains clean and odor-free. Additionally, the system is equipped with a Foot Rest (304), which provides extra comfort to the user. The Automatic Flush Mechanism (111) is responsible for initiating the flushing process once the system detects the completion of user activity (i.e. user gets up from the toilet pan) and its activity duration.
Referring to Figure 1(a) the present invention, the sensor-driven flush system (100) is integrated into a compact and less bulky IoT flush box (300), designed to offer streamlined installation and enhanced aesthetic appeal without compromising on functionality. This embodiment combines the core components—including the aroma/disinfectant chamber (301), control system (302), pump (305), low-power sensors (306, 307), Microcontroller Unit (MCU) (309), and battery (311)—within a reduced footprint/ wall print housing. The compact configuration enables easy retrofitting into existing restroom layouts, particularly in space-constrained environments.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the system (100) incorporates a smart footrest system (304) integrated with projected boundary markers to guide user positioning. The IoT-enabled flush device projects visible light indicators, such as red or green laser/light markers, onto the floor surface adjacent to the squat pan. These projected boundary markers define the optimal foot placement zones, ensuring that users align themselves correctly over the pan and drainage hole. Proper alignment not only enhances usability but also reduces the chances of spillage, thereby improving overall hygiene. The system may further include an adaptive calibration mechanism within the control system (302) to adjust the projected boundaries based on pan dimensions, restroom layout, or user-defined preferences. This innovation particularly benefits elderly individuals, children, and first-time squat pan users, providing them with clear visual guidance for comfortable and hygienic use.
The compact design further provides energy efficiency, employing low-power sensors and an intelligent control system (302) that selectively activates internal modules—such as the pump (305), fan (312), or servo motor (310)—only when triggered by real-time sensor data. Additionally, water usage is dynamically optimized based on user activity detected via IR sensor (307) and monitored through Timer 1, enabling precisely calibrated flush volumes (half or full flush). Thus, the system ensures minimal water and power consumption while maintaining high standards of hygiene and functionality.
Referring now to Figures 3, the broad embodiment of the system can be understood as an integrated solution that automates both flushing and hygiene maintenance, with features designed for convenience, water conservation, and cleanliness.
The detailed internal architecture of the Control System (302) is depicted in figure. 3. The control system coordinates the operation of various components responsible for detecting user presence, initiating flush, and managing power supply. It includes a broader description of the control system, detailing each component’s role in ensuring the system's smooth and efficient operation. The key components of the control system are as follows:
Pump (305): Responsible for delivering the disinfectant, lubricant - aroma solution spray on pan in a controlled way. The pump’s operation is dynamically controlled based on sensor inputs.
PIR Sensor (306): This Passive Infrared Sensor detects motion within the toilet area, ensuring that the system executes specific task based on user’s movement and other sensory feedback.
Obstacle Detector Sensor (307): Ensures user presence on the pan area only and it’s type of use, preventing unnecessary flushing water amount or aroma dispensing process.
Buzzer (308): Provides audio feedback or alerts, particularly in cases where manual intervention is required, such as system malfunctions or low battery levels.
microcontroller unit (309): Serves as the microcontroller unit (MCU), controlling the overall operation of the system, including sensor inputs, flush control, and aroma dispensing with controlled pump operation. For instance, Raspberry Pi Pico can be used as MCU.
Servo Motor (310): Controls the activation of the flush lever, engaging the system only when required.
Battery (311) and Battery Charging Boosting Module (314): Provide power to the system and charging at the same time. The battery module / management system (311& 314) is designed to be efficient, ensuring long-lasting operation. The module includes a Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) that takes an input of 220V AC and outputs 12V and 5V separately. This SMPS is crucial for converting AC supply to the necessary DC voltages required for charging the battery and powering system components, such as the servo motor (requires 5VDC) and pump (requires 12VDC).
Additionally, a Battery Management System (BMS) is designed to be smart and efficient. It can turn off the actuator supply during prolonged power spikes to prevent damage to the entire board. The BMS continuously monitors voltage levels and current consumption, providing real-time data to the microcontroller. In special cases such as tampering or accidental issues like actuator stalling, the BMS sends an interrupt to the microcontroller. The BMS also ensures that while AC power is available, the system does not draw power from the battery. When operating on battery power, it prevents complete battery drain to protect both the battery and the circuit board.
Miniature Fan (312): Ensures that internal components remain cool during operation, preventing overheating.
MOS Trigger Switch Driver (313): Controls the fan speed depending on the operation intensity and circuit temperature.
Programmable Motor Drive (315): Allows precise control of the pump efficiency as per the need, ensuring accurate dispensing spray profile and pressure during the nozzle-based disinfection process.
Real-Time Clock (RTC) (316): Ensures that the system operates in sync with real-time data, allowing timed operations for flushing, disinfectant dispensing, and power management.
Momentary Switch (317): Provides a manual override function, allowing users to provide some commands to the system manually if needed.
The level sensor (318), positioned within the disinfectant/ pan lubricant/ aroma chamber (301), monitors fluid levels in real time. It prevents dry operation of the pump (305) by signaling the control system (302) when levels are low. The system can either skip dispensing or trigger an alert via the buzzer (308) or connected IoT module, ensuring continuous, safe, and hygienic operation.
Additionally, the control system includes a solenoid valve (319), which can be actuated based on sensor input or programmed flush logic to control fluid flow — particularly for enabling or disabling water supply to the disinfectant dispensing pathways. The integration of the solenoid valve enhances system automation and ensures precise control over fluid dispensing and flushing actions.

Referring to Figure 4(a) and 4(b), the present invention includes a specially adapted toilet system designed to enhance accessibility, comfort, and independence for elderly and differently abled users. These figures illustrate various integrated features that improve ergonomic support, hygiene, and operational convenience while maintaining compatibility with existing sanitary installations.
In Figure 4(a), the system comprises:
• Water tank with servo mechanism (401): A motor-assisted water tank designed for automated flushing, enabling minimal user effort. The servo mechanism interfaces with the control unit to deliver an optimized flush based on user interaction or manual override.
• Pump and sensor box (402): This unit houses essential control components, including low-power sensors and pumps for fluid dispensing. It also includes accessible interface elements such as switches for manual use.
• Refillable solution jar (403): A dedicated jar to store disinfectant pan lubricant and aromatic solution, which is refillable and connected to the dispensing mechanism for maintaining hygiene after each use.
• Foldable hand rest (404): Strategically positioned armrests that can be folded upward or downward, offering critical support to users while sitting or standing, especially beneficial for those with reduced mobility or strength.
In Figure 4(b), additional accessibility elements are shown:
• Foldable seat (501): A collapsible seat designed to provide resting support while allowing flexibility in usage, making it suitable for both squatting and assisted seated positions.
• Lift mechanism box (502): A motorized or hydraulic lift unit that enables smooth raising or lowering of the seat or user-support components, facilitating ease of transfer for users from wheelchairs or standing to seated position and vice versa.
The integrated components ensure that the sensor-driven flush system (100) is not only technologically advanced but also inclusive, ergonomic, and adaptable for use by individuals with varying levels of physical ability. The modular nature of the system allows for easy retrofitting in public, institutional, or private restrooms, ensuring widespread accessibility without extensive infrastructure changes.
Referring to Figures 5, 6, and 7, the detailed operation of the Automatic Flush Mechanism (111) is shown. The mechanism integrates seamlessly with existing manual flush components, ensuring that the system operates automatically without disrupting manual operation. The figures illustrate the system’s dual functionality—automatic flush engagement without interfering with the manual flush lever, ensuring consistent operation regardless of external user input.
In Figure 5 depicts that the Servo Motor (101) is mounted on a Mounting Bracket (102) and connected to the manual flush system via a Coupling Mechanism (103). The system is designed to engage the manual flush lever only when the automatic flush is triggered.
Cam 1 (104) and Cam 2 (105) control the flush mechanism’s activation and deactivation. When Cam 1 rotates counterclockwise (CCW), it generates an upward lifting force on the flush lever (106), initiating the flush (as shown in Figure 6). This operation ensures that the automatic flush system works without manual intervention.
In Figure 7, Cam 2 rotates clockwise (CW), applying a downward push force that deactivates the flush. This force ensures that the flush can be turned off forcefully if needed, preventing excessive water usage. After the flush is turned off, the mechanism disengages from the manual flush lever, allowing the user to operate the manual flush independently.
Referring to Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b), the disclosure discusses the process flow for sensor driven flush system (100) designed to automate flushing, the process flow ensures that the Smart Toilet Sensor-Driven Flush System operates effectively with minimal manual intervention, promoting hygiene, water conservation, and user comfort:
System Initialization
 Step-1: System start-up and PIR sensor activation: Upon powering up, the system begins by reading the Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor (306) to detect any motion in the restroom area. The PIR sensor continuously monitors the restroom space to determine whether a user motion is there. This motion detection serves as the trigger point for the rest of the operation.
 Step-2: Motion Detection:
a) If no motion is detected, the system remains idle, looping back to read the PIR sensor periodically.
b) If motion is detected, the system advances to activate the servo-based mechanism (310) to dispense a small volume of water through nozzle (303) for pan lubrication, ensuring cleanliness and minimizing adhesion.
 Step-3: Chemical Level Check & Dispensing:
The system next checks the chemical level in the aroma / disinfectant /pan lubricant chamber (301) using a sensor. If chemical is available, the pump (305) activates and sprays disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution into the toilet bowl to maintain freshness and hygiene. If chemical is not detected, the system skips this step, proceeding without interruption to user presence detection—ensuring system continuity even during refill shortages.
 Step-4: User Seated Detection (IR Sensor):
- Following motion detection, the system activates and reads the Infrared (IR) sensor (307) to confirm the user’s presence on the toilet seat or squat position.
- Upon user detection by the IR sensor (307), Timer 1 is reset and immediately started to measure the user's duration of stay. This timer will guide the decision-making process for triggering either a half or full flush based on the time spent.
 Step-5: Continuous Monitoring: As Timer 1 runs, the IR sensor continues to detect user presence:
- If the user remains, Timer 1 continues counting.
- If the user briefly moves away, Timer 2 is initiated to manage short-term absence handling.
 Step-6: Absence Management (Timer2 Activation):
- If Timer 2 records a duration of < 5 seconds, and the user returns, Timer 1 resumes without resetting—allowing momentary movement.
- If Timer 2 ≥ 5 seconds with no user return, the system concludes the user has exited and stops Timer 1, moving to flush logic.
 Step-7: Flush Decision Based on Timer 1 Duration:
- Once Timer 1 ends (either naturally or due to Timer 2’s conclusion), The system then determines the flush type:
a) If Timer 1 < 15 seconds, the system returns to PIR monitoring assuming no toilet usage occurred.
b) If 15 seconds ≤ Timer 1 ≤ 100 seconds, a half flush is initiated using minimal water.
c) If Timer 1 > 100 seconds, the system initiates a full flush, delivering an extended water flow to ensure thorough cleaning for longer usage durations.
This intelligent dual flush mechanism allows the system to tailor water usage effectively according to user needs, enhancing both water conservation and functionality.
 Step-8: Post-Flush Hygiene Maintenance:
- Following the flush (either half or full), the system again checks the chemical level in chamber (301). If available, the cleaning or disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution is dispensed using the pump (305) and nozzle (303) to maintain freshness. If not, the system skips the step, ensuring uninterrupted cycling.
 Step-7: Iterating back to PIR based monitoring (System Reset):
- The flow control iterates back to the initial PIR sensor (306) reading state, ready to detect the next instance of motion in the restroom. This cycle ensures that the system operates efficiently and continuously, maintaining optimal hygiene and resource conservation for each user interaction.
In some embodiments, the system integrates the PIR and IR sensors along with the dispensing and flushing mechanisms to achieve a completely automated, hygienic, and water-efficient operation. The dual-timer setup provides flexibility for brief absences, while the differentiated flush cycle (half vs. full flush) ensures that water is used effectively based on actual usage needs.
In another embodiment according to the present invention specific features such as an adjustable Timer 1 threshold (allowing custom settings for shorter or longer flush durations) can be incorporated. Additionally, a smart refill indicator for the aroma and disinfectant chambers may alert maintenance staff when levels are low, ensuring continuous availability of hygiene measures.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the system (100) is integrated with a cloud-based monitoring and management platform. The IoT-enabled control system (302) communicates with a remote server, enabling real-time data transmission on water usage, flushing cycles, disinfectant/aroma levels within the chamber (301), and overall hygiene status. The platform generates alerts or notifications when thresholds are breached—for example, when the refillable solution jar (403) is low, when excessive water consumption is detected, or when the disinfectant cycle is not triggered as expected. This cloud integration allows facility managers or homeowners to track performance remotely, schedule predictive maintenance, and optimize system efficiency. Such proactive monitoring ensures continuous hygiene, reduces downtime, and improves sustainability through data-driven insights.
In one exemplary embodiment, the system (100) can also be alternatively adapted for handicap accessible squat toilet function. In one aspect the components and functions of the handicap accessible squat toilet:
1. Foldable Hand Rest:
• Description: Adjustable and foldable handrails on both sides of the toilet.
• Function: Provides support and stability for individuals with limited mobility, making it easier to squat and stand up safely.
2. Foldable Seat:
• Description: A seat that can be folded up when not in use.
• Function: Offers additional seating support for individuals who may find squatting difficult. It can be folded away to save space and maintain the functionality of a traditional squat toilet.
3. Lift Mechanism Box:
• Description: A compact enclosure housing the mechanical components responsible for lifting the seat or user.
• Function: Assists in raising or lowering the user gently to minimize physical strain, especially for the elderly or disabled.
4. Worm Gear System:
• Description: A gear system comprising a worm (screw) and a worm wheel.
• Function: Converts rotational motion into linear motion, ensuring precise and controlled lifting or lowering of the seat or user.
5. Hydraulic Lifting System:
• Description: A mechanism powered by hydraulic pressure to provide lifting assistance.
• Function: Smoothly lifts the user or seat when activated, reducing physical effort. It also discharges water through a hydraulic press system during operation.
6. Flap Cover with Button Control:
• Description: A movable cover that seals the hole in the toilet when closed. It is controlled by a button.
• Function: Ensures hygiene and prevents odors by sealing the hole when not in use. The button activates the opening or closing mechanism, offering ease of operation.
7. Rack and Ratchet Mechanism:
• Description: The rack and ratchet mechanism consists of a toothed rack (a straight bar with evenly spaced teeth) and a ratchet system that engages with the teeth to allow controlled motion in one direction. It is designed to ensure secure and incremental movement, locking into position after each adjustment.
• Function:
I. Seat Adjustment: Allows the height of the foldable seat to be adjusted incrementally to suit individual user needs, ensuring comfort and accessibility.
II. Safety Locking: The ratchet locks the rack in place after adjustment, preventing unintended reverse motion and ensuring stability.
III. Ease of Operation: Provides smooth, gradual adjustments with minimal effort, making it user-friendly for individuals with limited strength or mobility.
IV. Durability: Ensures long-lasting and reliable performance under repeated use, making it suitable for public and institutional settings.
These components work together to provide a comfortable, accessible, and hygienic toilet experience for individuals with disabilities or limited mobility.

EXAMPLES
The following examples include only exemplary embodiments to illustrate the practice of this disclosure. It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the disclosure is not limited to the details of the following illustrative examples and that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiments and examples be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Example 1: Operational example for No Flush Mode
User-1 enters a restroom equipped with the sensor-driven flush system (100) and uses the toilet for a brief period and not to urinate or defecate. The system reacts intelligently to avoid unnecessary water usage by following the steps outlined herein:
i. Motion Detection & System Activation: The PIR sensor (306) detects motion as the user enters the restroom, triggers system initialisation:
- The system immediately activates the servo mechanism (310) to dispense a minimal amount of water /chemical for pan lubrication via the nozzle (303);
- Simultaneously the system checks the chemical chamber (301) for disinfectant/aroma fluid.
- Upon confirming fluid availability, the pump (305) disperses a mist of the cleaning or disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution into the toilet bowl, ensuring hygienic readiness and pleasant environment.
ii. User Seated and Timer Activation: Upon seating, the IR sensor (307) detects the user's presence and activates Timer 1 in the control system (302) to monitor the duration of the user’s engagement on the toilet pan.
iii. Very Short Duration Triggers no Flush: Timer1 records a duration of less than 15 seconds, as the user’s presence was brief. Based on this duration, the system’s intelligent control returns back to the PIR based monitoring without triggering any flush considering it as no use of toilet for any of urination or defecation activity within the short time period of 15 seconds. This ensures unwanted flushing avoidance.
iv. System reverts to idle mode:
- With no flush executed, the system returns to its monitoring state via the PIR sensor (306), ready to detect the next user.
- The disinfectant and aroma dispensing cycle is not repeated post-exit in this case, as the initial pre-entry sanitation suffices.

Example 2: Operational example for Half Flush Mode
User-2 enters a restroom equipped with the sensor-driven flush system (100) and uses the toilet for a short period to urinate. The system intelligently interprets the usage pattern and executes half flush, optimizing water usage while maintaining hygiene. The stepwise operation is as shown herein:
i. Motion Detection & Pre-entry hygiene activation: The PIR sensor (306) detects motion as the user enters, initiation the system operation:
- The servo motor (310) is actuated to release a small amount of water into the toilet pan via the nozzle (303) for pre-use lubrication.
- The system verifies the availability of disinfectant in the 3cleaning or disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution dispensing chamber (301), If available, the pump (305) dispense a fine mist of a the 4D solution, enhancing user comfort and hygiene.
ii. User Seated and Timer Activation: Once the user assumes a squatting or seated position, the IR sensor (307) detects the user's presence and triggers the control system (302) to reset and start Timer 1. The real-time clock (RTC) (316) and MCU (309) collaboratively manage duration tracking and logic processing.
iii. Short Duration Trigger for Half Flush: Timer 1 records a duration between 15 to 100 seconds, as the user’s presence was short. Based on this duration, the system’s intelligent control triggers a half flush cycle through the automatic flush mechanism (111), driven by the servo motor (101) and flush actuation cams (104, 105). The flush volume is carefully calibrated to ensure efficient waste removal with minimal water consumption.
iv. Post-Flush Hygiene Maintenance: After the flushing action, the system reactivates the cleaning or disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution dispensing mechanism (301), spraying a controlled dose to maintain bowl hygiene and eliminate odors.
v. System Reset and Readiness for Next Use: The system resets its logic and returns to an idle state, re-engaging the PIR sensor (306) to monitor subsequent user entries.

Example 3: Operational example for Full Flush Mode
User-3 enters the restroom equipped with system (100) and uses the toilet for an extended period to defecate, requiring a thorough flush. The system responds dynamically by executing a full flush while maintaining high hygiene standards.
i. Initial Motion Detection and Pre-use Hygiene Preparation: The PIR sensor (306) detects the user's entry, triggering the activation of system:
- The system first actuates the servo motor (301) to dispense a small amount of water for pan lubrication through nozzle (303).
- The cleaning or disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution dispenser unit (301) check fluid availability, and if present, the pump (305) disperses a mist of disinfectant and pleasant aroma into the pan, creating a clean, odor-controlled environment.
ii. User Seated and Timer Activation: Upon assuming a seated or squatting position, The IR sensor (307) detects the user present. This triggers Timer 1 to reset and start within the control system (302) managed by MCU (309) and real-time clock (316), to measure the duration of use.
iii. Extended Duration Trigger for Full Flush: Timer1 records a duration greater than 100 seconds, indicating that the user’s stay is longer. Based on this longer duration, the control system activates the automatic flush mechanism (111) for a full flush. The servo motor (101) engages via the mounting bracket (102) and coupling a mechanism (103), driving cam 1 (104) in a counter-clockwise direction to pull up the flush lever (106).
For additional water control, Cam 2 (105) may rotate clockwise to forcefully disengage the flush once the cycle is complete to ensure effective waste removal.
iv. Post-Flush Hygiene Enhancement:
- After the flush, the system rechecks the disinfectant level. If sufficient, the dispensing unit (301) is reactivated to deliver another mist of disinfectant and aroma through nozzle (303).
- This step promotes hygiene and enhances the restroom experience for subsequent users.
v. Timer Reset and Return to Monitoring: The control system (302) completes the cycle resetting Timer 1 and returning to idle mode, with the PIR sensor (306) activate and monitoring for new motion. The system remains primed for the next user, ensuring continuous operation with minimal manual intervention.

Example 4: Operation example for manual override mode
User-4 enters the restroom equipped with system (100) and prefers to use the manual override function due to personal preference or a temporary sensor malfunction. The system offers a seamless switch to manual control without disrupting hygiene or safety functions. At the same time, if user wants to dispense more disinfectant, it can be done with another spray override feature.
i. Motion Detection and Pre-use Disinfectant Dispensing: The PIR sensor (306) activates upon detecting motion, triggering a pre-flush sanitation cycle, wherein the servo motor (310) initiates pan lubrication, and the aroma/disinfectant chamber (301) sprays a fine mist through nozzle (303). The system thereby ensures that the restroom remains hygienic and welcoming even before any sensor-triggered flushing begins.
ii. User Preference for Manual Override: The user decides to bypass the automatic flush (111) and uses the flush override switch which is ergonomically located on support panel (400) and accessible to both standing and seated user.
iii. Manual Flush Activation: When the override switch is pressed, the system bypasses the automatic flush mechanism (111). The servo motor (101) and other components remain disengaged, allowing the user to flush manually without interference from the sensor-based system.
iv. Post-Manual Flush Hygiene Maintenance and system reset: The dispensing mechanism (301) operates post-flush to ensure that disinfectant and aroma are released, maintaining restroom hygiene. The system then resets, reverting to sensor-based operation with the PIR sensor (306) resuming motion detection for the next user.
v. Additional cleaning or disinfectant or aroma & pan lubricant solution dispensing override for user satisfaction: User can get additional spray amount with the secondary button.

Example 5: Elderly or Disabled User Mode
An elderly or mobility impaired user enters the restroom equipped with the improved sensor-driven flush system (400) and requires support while using the toilet. The system’s (400) accessibility features assist the user.
i. Motion Detection and Accessibility Preparation:
Upon detecting motion through the PIR sensor (306), the control system (302) initiates accessibility support. The foldable hand rests (404) automatically lower into position, while the foldable seat (501) is made available. Simultaneously, the lift mechanism box (502) activates to adjust the seat height based on user profile or pre-configured settings, ensuring a smooth transition from standing or wheelchair position.
ii. User Seated and IR Detection:
The user sits with the aid of the deployed hand rests (404) and optionally the adjusted seat (501). The IR sensor (307) detects seating and activates Timer 1, allowing the system to track the duration of use. If necessary, the user may steady themselves with additional support from the surrounding structure.
iii. Assisted Flush with Manual Override Option:
Based on Timer1 duration, the system determines whether to perform a half flush or full flush using the automated water tank with servo mechanism (401). For users preferring manual operation or in case of sensor unresponsiveness, a manual override switch (located in pump and sensor box (402) allows the user to initiate flushing at their convenience.
iv. Post-Flush Comfort and Reset:
After the flush cycle, the system maintains assistive features in position momentarily to provide continued support while the user rises. Once the PIR and IR sensors (306, 307) confirm that the user has exited, the lift mechanism (502) resets, and the foldable hand rests (404) and seat (501) return to their standby position. The system then resets for the next user cycle. , Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. An improved sensor-driven flush system (100) for optimizing water usage, enhancing hygiene, and improving accessibility, comprising:
an automatic flush mechanism (111) activated based on the user's duration of presence;
an aroma/disinfectant /pan lubricant chamber (301) with a nozzle (303) configured to dispense disinfectant pan lubricant and aroma;
a control system (302) comprising a PIR sensor (306) to detect motion in the restroom area, an IR sensor (307) to detect user presence on the toilet seat, and a Microcontroller unit (309) that manages sensor inputs, flush activation, and dispensing operations;
a footrest (304) positioned for user comfort and proper usage of the system;
a pump (305) connected to the control system (302) for delivering the required amount of water during flush events,
wherein the system dynamically adjusts flush volume by activating either a half or full flush based on the user's duration of presence.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control system (302) further comprises a real-time clock (RTC) (316) for timed operation of the flush and dispensing mechanisms to synchronize with real-time data.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PIR sensor (306) activates the 4D solution dispensing mechanism upon initial motion detection and reactivates it post-flush.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IR sensor (307) triggers Timer1 upon detecting the user’s presence and resets Timer2 upon a brief absence less than a predefined duration, ensuring accurate user detection.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aroma/disinfectant chamber (301) is equipped with a smart refill indicator that alerts maintenance staff when the liquid levels fall below a set threshold.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic flush mechanism (111) comprises a servo motor (101) mounted on a bracket (102) and coupled to a manual flush lever through a coupling mechanism (103), allowing both manual and automatic flushing.
7. The system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the automatic flush mechanism further includes two cams, Cam 1 (104) and Cam 2 (105), configured to control flush activation and deactivation independently of the manual flush lever.
8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein Cam 1 (104) applies a counterclockwise rotation to lift the flush lever, while Cam 2 (105) provides a clockwise rotation to forcefully turn off the flush, ensuring optimal water usage.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control system (302) further comprises a MOS trigger switch driver (313) and a programmable motor drive (315) to enable precise control over the pump (305) and servo motor (310) operations.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control system (302) is IoT-enabled, allowing for remote monitoring and management of water usage, battery levels, and hygiene settings through a cloud-based interface.
11. A method of hygiene maintenance in a sensor-driven flush system (100) for a restroom environment, comprising:
managing dispensing operations via a control system (302) with programmable intervals based on restroom activity,
activating a PIR sensor (306) to detect motion in the restroom area;
dispensing disinfectant pan lubricant and aroma from a chamber (301) through a nozzle (303) upon detecting user motion; and
activating a secondary dispensing event post-flush to maintain cleanliness and freshness.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the system (100) activates the aroma/ pan lubricant and disinfectant dispensing mechanism prior to user interaction with the toilet seat and reactivates the dispensing mechanism after the flush event.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the control system (302) further includes a buzzer (308) that provides audio alerts to indicate low levels in the disinfectant/pan lubricant and aroma chambers (301).
14. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the dispensing operation is customized by a real-time clock (316), which schedules dispensing based on restroom peak and off-peak hours to optimize disinfectant and aroma usage.
15. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the nozzle (303) is configured to dispense at a controlled spray angle, ensuring full coverage of the restroom area.
16. A smart flushing mechanism (111) for use in a sensor-driven flush system (100), comprising:
an IR sensor (307) to monitor user presence duration and trigger a half or full flush based on the time spent on the toilet seat;
a servo motor (101) connected to a manual flush lever by a mounting bracket (102) and coupling mechanism (103);
a cam-based control, wherein Cam 1 (104) lifts the flush lever by counterclockwise rotation to start the flush, and Cam 2 (105) provides a clockwise rotation to deactivate the flush;
a control system (302) that manages the servo motor and pump operation to optimize water use.
17. The flushing mechanism as claimed in claim 16, wherein the system further includes Timer1 and Timer2 for accurate timing and decision-making during flush events, ensuring that brief absences of less than 5 seconds do not trigger unnecessary flushing.
18. The flushing mechanism as claimed in claim 16, wherein the pump (305) operates in coordination with the servo motor (310) to provide precise water volume during half or full flushes, conserving water resources.
19. The flushing mechanism as claimed in claim 16, wherein the system’s Microcontroller unit (309) monitors and synchronizes the IR sensor (307) and servo motor (310) actions, ensuring consistent flush timing and preventing false triggers.
20. The flushing mechanism as claimed in claim 16, wherein the cam setup (104, 105) automatically reorients itself post-flush, disengaging from the manual lever to allow independent manual operation.
21. An assistive sensor-driven flush system (400) with features designed for elderly and differently abled users, comprising:
a water tank with servo mechanism (401) for automated flushing;
a pump and sensor box (402) comprising a manual flush override switch for user-controlled operation;
a refillable solution jar (403) configured for disinfectant or aroma dispensing;
a foldable hand rests (404) to assist users while sitting and standing;
a foldable seat (501) for adaptable seating support during toilet use; and
a lift mechanism box (502) configured to adjust the height and orientation of the foldable seat (501), thereby enabling user comfort and transfer ease.
22. The system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the control system (302) includes an audio guidance mechanism via a buzzer (308), configured to emit prompts or alerts to assist elderly of differently abled users during toilet operation.
23. The system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the foldable handrest (404) are configured to automatically deploy and lock into position when a user detected, offering reliable support during toilet use and when transitioning between sitting and standing positions.
24. The system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the flush override switch located in the pump and sensor box (402) is ergonomically positioned within reach of a seated user, enabling manual initiation or termination of the flush cycle irrespective of sensor input.
25. The system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the lift mechanism box (502) is operatively connected to the control system (302), enabling automated or user-defined seat (501) adjustment in height and tilt, thereby facilitating accessible and safe use for individuals with limited mobility.
26. The system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 21, wherein the system (100) further comprises a footrest system (304) integrated with projected boundary markers configured to emit visible light from the IoT flush box (300) to guide users in positioning their feet correctly over the squat pan, thereby ensuring optimal alignment with the pan and drainage hole for improved hygiene and usability.
27. The system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 21, wherein the control system (302) further comprises a smart flush control mechanism configured to dynamically regulate the volume of water released during a half flush or full flush, independent of the total tank capacity, wherein said mechanism allows programmable or sensor-driven adjustment of flush volume based on usage context or user-defined settings, thereby optimizing water consumption without compromising hygiene.

Dated this 24th day of September, 2025

Biswajit Biswal
[IN/PA-2659]
Agent for the Applicant