Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to Magnetic Resonance Coupling for Efficient Transmission of Power Through Wireless Power Transfer System.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The need for transmitting energy without the use of physical interfaces or wires has continued to experience high demand in the recent past. The old school wired charging system is therefore restricted to direct contact charging which is often inconvenient, damaging to the charging pins, and restrictive to mobility of the charging gadgets. Present wireless charging techniques like inductive charging are also not perfect and they suffer from efficiency, distance and alignment problems. The existing methods of wireless power transfer also present drawbacks that must be overcome by developing a new system with higher efficiency and longer transfer distances than the current technologies.
1. WPT technologies have come a long way in recent years and there are now many varieties of technologies covering the spectrum from high power high efficiency to lower power with less efficiency but with bundling capacities. However, magnetic resonance coupling is a good solution, other methods of distant energy transfer are also mentioned in the prior art. Still, these technologies are not perfect and have their drawbacks including low efficiency at greater distances, misalignment and decreased mobility. Below are key existing solutions and approaches in the field:
2. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT): Intramorphic coupling is considered one of the most efficient kinds of wireless power transmission; it is extensively used in charging portable devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, electric toothbrushes, etc. The basic form of heuristic transmission entail the use of electromagnetic induction in which power is transferred via the magnetic field created around a coil in the transmitter to that created by a coil in the receiver. Although IPT is widely employed for devices with low to medium power, its limitations are short range, low performance at larger distance, and requirement of correct orientation of coils. It is appropriate for fixed or near-field powering applications but is not useable for long-range or transient uses.
3. Resonant Inductive Coupling (RIC): Resonant inductive coupling is similar to the conventional inductive charging idea but has enhanced the transmitter and receiver coil vibration frequency. This resonance allows power to be transferred over distances up to as far as is possible within the range of the IPT system. It has been applied in charging systems of electric cars, robots and other electronics; nevertheless, their efficiency greatly reduces any time the coils are misplaced; as the coils have to be close for charging to occur. Furthermore, operation at high frequencies largely only leads to a relatively higher cost and more complex technique solutions of magnetic coupling.
4. Magnetic Resonance Coupling: The general application of magnetic resonance coupling to transmit power has attracted so much interest due to its prowess in transferring power over wider distances, as compared to inductive parsing. This technology is deploying two resonant magnetic fields to accomplish energy transfer via magnetic induction without requiring the alignment of the Tx and Rx coils. This capability makes it appropriate for use in applications where devices are in motion or at various locations. However, challenges continue to persist in attaining efficiency and scalability especially when power levels are high hence required or when transfer distance is long. Further, these systems can be less efficient especially with the high interferences or metal objects that may disturbs the magnetic fields.
5. Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT): In capacitive power transfer the energy transfer is done without the use of magnetic field but through electric field. It has been investigated for low power applications especially where the devices are likely to be in close ranges. Although CPT might be effective in providing energy at shorter distances, there are considerable problems when power levels are required or the transfer distance is longer. Indeed, capacitive systems are more susceptible to the characteristics of the physical environment including other metals that can affect the flow of energy. As such, it is primarily limited to low power devices where the conditions are closely controlled.
6. Microwave and RF-Based Wireless Power Transfer: Microwave power transfer is a wireless technique that employs focused beams of microwave radiation to couples energy from one point to another over long ranges. This technology has been revealed to be useful in other big scale technology like space based solar power systems that will convert energy from space and transmitted to Earth. Of course, its practical application on the Earth has certain difficulties such as the problem of beam orientation, possible risks of high intensity radiation, exact positioning to deliver power effectively to the recipient. Both have almost the same advantages but the efficiency level of RF based systems, commonly used radio frequency signals, is comparatively low and they take a relatively bulky antenna system in transferring higher punching power levels.
7. Hybrid Systems: There are few latest innovations which are tried to be designed and tested to overcome some of the above limitations of single transfer technologies to incorporate two or more energy transfer technologies. For example, integrating capacitive power transfer with resonant inductive coupling is anticipated to improve energy transfer efficiency and distance. Such Hybrid systems aim at using the strengths of different technologies and may enhance the power supply to dynamic loads including mobiles, electric vehicles, or industrial robots. However, such systems are still under evolving and still present many problems related to the system’s complexity and costs as well as system integration into the existing networks and/or infrastructures.
Although these technologies have)vne progressed considerably, many of them suffer from various drawbacks, such as low efficiency, short range, and poor scalability of the wireless power transmission without huge power losses. Current solutions involve the use of a ‘proximity’ coupling and are not efficient past a certain distance, or its signal degrades significantly with distance, or cannot be used with high power levels as needed for large load applications. If optimized for higher efficiency and wider applicability, magnetic resonance coupling offer a bright future towards addressing majority of the issues arising with conventional methods of WPT.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
The invention is a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system based on magnetic resonance coupling that aims to maximize the output power, transmission range and angular separation of the energy transmitting and receiving coils without using physical contacts. It utilizes resonant magnetic fields to transmit power unaided, from a transmitter to a receiver. It is in this section that we shall give a clear and elaborate description of the two figures: figure 1, showing a generalized view and figure 2, showing a view of the proposed system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
FIGURE 1: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The invention is a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system based on magnetic resonance coupling that aims to maximize the output power, transmission range and angular separation of the energy transmitting and receiving coils without using physical contacts. It utilizes resonant magnetic fields to transmit power unaided, from a transmitter to a receiver. It is in this section that we shall give a clear and elaborate description of the two figures: figure 1, showing a generalized view and figure 2, showing a view of the proposed system.
1. Transmitter Coil:
The transmitter coil is energised from a power supply, where by converting electrical energy into a magnetic field. This magnetic field is then utilised in order to transfer energy through the air to the receiver coil. Seeking to introduce more versatility to the product, the transmitter’s coil can be connected to a battery, an electric outlet or any other power source. Usually, the management transistor element must be positioned nearest to the receiving coil for sufficiently efficient coupling of energy.
2. Receiver Coil:
The receiver coil, is placed in the area of influence of the magnetic field produced by the transmitter coil, the receiver coil is adjusted to oscillate at the same frequency as the transmitter coil. The presence of the resonant frequency increases the capability of transferring power, particularly capturing energy from the magnetic field within the receiver coil into electrical power.
3. Load (Device or Application):
The load can be regarded as the device or the application through which the receiver coil provides power. This could range from any device ranging from a smart phone, an electric vehicle (EV), wearable devices, or industrial equipment. The received power is utilized to charge or to run the electronic appliance in question or some part of it.
4. Power Supply:
It generates and provides the first electrical power to the transmitter coil. In analogue WPT systems, this supply is normally directly linked to the transmitter and the supply powers the circuit of the transmitter so as to enable the generation of the requisite electromagnetic field.
In figure 1, energy transference only occurs when the transmitter and receiver coils are correctly positioned and placed close together. However, such systems experience losses in efficiency and flexibility, are restricted by the range of application, and require accurate alignment.
Figure 2 shows a proposed wireless power transfer system using magnetic resonance coupling which does not have the constraints seen in figure 1. The main features of the proposed system are highlighted below:
1. Transmitter Coil with Resonance Circuit:
Here, the transmitter coil in the proposed system also produces a magnetic field, but it is coupled to resonance circuit. The scientist has incorporated this resonance circuit in such a way that it tunes the transmitter to a definite frequency. When energy is supplied to the transmitter, the resonance circuit enables the transmitter create a magnetic field at this resonance frequency. This tuning increases the selectiveness of power transfer, maximizes the couplings and maximizes the operational range when compared with basic inductive coupling techniques. Compared to most conventional WPT systems, there is no restriction on distance and orientation between the coils.
2. Receiver Coil with Resonance Circuit:
Similarly the receiver coil is having its own resonance circuit which is tuned in such a way that it would only respond to the resonant frequency of the transmitter. The receiver coil indirectly select the resonating magnetic field generated by the transmitter back to electrical energy, Thus the receiver coil locate itself in the field from the transmitter and ensure it gets the required resonating magnetic field from the generator back to electrical energy. Because the coils are oscillating at the same frequency it is easier for energy to transfer at a larger distance and slight misalignment of the transmitter and the receiver.
3. Dynamic Load (Device or Application):
The load, or the device being driven, may vary and hence does not have to be positioned or be of a fixed form. Compared with conventional WPT systems, the receiver in the proposed system can travel within a certain range without affecting power transmission. It also enables nearly ubiquitous use as exemplified by charging batteries of electric cars without the need to align the car with a charging plate.
4. Power Supply and Control System:
A power supply circuit is incorporated within the system to manage the power output and direct energy to the receiver through a control circuit. Power distribution to axles is regulated through a control system to responsive to distance, alignment and load requirement. This dynamic control improves the system’s output power in a consistent manner as it operates independently or when the receiver is shifted away from the transmitter.
In general, the above presented system provides a more effective and flexible solution to implement wireless power transfer system. It is capable of providing steady long distance electricity supply and maximum conversion efficiency, should be widely use in different areas of life such as home appliance, industrial equipment and electric vehicle.
How It Works:
Step 1. Energy Generation by Transmitter:
In the course of the experiment, the transmitter was used to generate an energy capable of being used by receiver units for beneficial activities. The transmitter coil is supplied with electrical energy from either a battery or an electrical outlet.As a result of the resonance circuit of the transmitter coil an oscillating magnetic field at a certain resonant frequency is created.
Step 2. Energy transfer by magnetic field.
The transmitter coil produces a magnetic field that is said to occupy a volume of space around it. A receiver coil which is made of an appropriate material and dia meter, and is tuned to the same resonant frequency as the energy source coil detects the magnetic field and can give or take energy back from the field.
Step 3. Energy Capture by Receiver
The receiver coil sits and the oscillating magnetic field stimulates an electrical current production.
The current is then tapped to give usable form of electrical power.
Step 4. Power Delivery:
The captured electrical power is to recharge or provide energy to some item like a smartphone, electric car or any type of machinery, for instance.
1. Safety Considerations:
The electromagnetic field used by the system is safe for humans and does not have the dangers as those possessed by some earlier capacitive systems that needed high voltage.
2.Applications:
 Consumer Electronics: Mobile phones, laptops, and wearables can be charged wirelessly from a distance.
 Electric Vehicles (EVs): Large-scale power transfer for EV charging at public stations.
 Industrial and Medical Devices: Wireless power for machines that require constant, uninterrupted energy supply.
3. Future Developments:
 Further refinement of the resonance tuning mechanism to accommodate more diverse environments and devices.
 Potential integration with smart grids for more efficient energy distribution in public spaces.
The current invention is a major advance in the field of wireless power transmission wherein power can be delivered wirelessly with more range, energy density and feasibility as compared to previous solutions.
1. Efficient Power Transfer Over Long Distances:
While the direct inductive coupling permits only the short-range energy transfer, the method of magnetic resonance enables the higher transfer distance without considerable power attenuation.
2. Dynamic Frequency Adjustment:
The system compares the resonance of the transmitter and receiver coils and constantly changes their frequencies to achieve the best coupling even when there are barriers and changes in distance between them.
3. Enhanced Energy Efficiency:
By creating resonance, energy dissipation is greatly reduced, and this makes the system more energy friendly than what was used in the prior art even over long distance.
4. Versatility:
The proposed system can be implement these for a broad range of applications from charging portable consumer electronic devices such as laptops and Smartphone to large tools like electric cars.
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
• Higher Efficiency: Magnetic resonance coupling allows the possibility to transfer energy using an efficient coupling factor with a very low level of energy dissipation as compared to inductive charging systems.
• Longer Transfer Distances: In contrast to the inductive coupling that restricts energy transfer to several meters this system supports energy transfer over longer distances, making it more useful for variable uses.
• Improved Alignment Tolerance: The resonance-based mechanism decreases demand placed on the alignment of the two transmitter and receiver coils, hence increasing the freedom regarding movements and operations of the device.
• Dynamic Frequency Adjustment:A feedback mechanism is run constantly in order to stabilize the frequencies that are used by the transmitter and receiver coils to enable constant dependable energy transfer despite the positions of the coils with regards to each other.
• Scalability:The system can be adjusted according to the size of the device – from small devices such as a smartphone and up to large systems including cars and industrial equipment – which is a big advantage.
• Safe Operation:The system functions with low electromagnetic field density and does not heat up and is therefore safe to human health and neighboring equipment.
• Convenience:Wireless charging simply means no cables required thus convenience added with the fact that problems associated with wearing out of most used cables including fraying are solved making user experience better.
• Versatility in Applications:Thanks to the magnetic resonance coupling, wireless power transfer can be offered as a general solution no matter which field is considered, be it consumer electronics, electric vehicles, medical devices , and industrial equipment.
• Reduced Interference:The technology is not gated by these interferences as compared to the traditional methods hence, a consistent power supply.
• Environmentally Friendly:It is also found that this is a more sustainable solution, free from connectors and cables, which can become a source of e-waste when in charges of charging ports and cables. 
, Claims:1. A wireless power transfer (WPT) system utilizing magnetic resonance coupling, comprising: a. a transmitter coil configured to generate a resonant magnetic field upon receiving electrical energy; b. a receiver coil tuned to the same resonant frequency as the transmitter coil to receive and convert the resonant magnetic field into electrical energy; c. a power supply connected to the transmitter coil to provide electrical energy; and d. a load connected to the receiver coil for utilizing the transferred electrical power.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmitter coil is coupled with a resonance circuit to enable efficient magnetic resonance coupling with the receiver coil.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver coil is coupled with a resonance circuit that ensures selective power reception by tuning to the resonant frequency of the transmitter coil.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is capable of transferring power over an extended range without requiring precise alignment between the transmitter and receiver coils.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a control system configured to dynamically adjust the frequency of the resonance circuit to optimize power transfer efficiency.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply is selected from the group consisting of a battery, an electric grid connection, or a renewable energy source.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the load is selected from the group consisting of consumer electronic devices, electric vehicles, medical devices, and industrial equipment.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver coil is capable of functioning within a specified range of motion without significant power loss.
9. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the control system adjusts power output based on the distance and alignment of the receiver coil relative to the transmitter coil.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitter coil is designed to operate at safe levels for human exposure and minimal interference with surrounding electronic devices.