Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention belongs to the Internet of Things (IoT) domain as well as electronic engineering which offers an intelligent energy meter system for real-time electricity usage tracking with historical consumption records and mobile application-based alert services. This system utilizes IoT functions to provide both remote access and optimized energy usage optimization along with smart home system compatibility which allows users to decrease their electricity bills and minimize their energy consumption.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. The main goal of this invention involves monitoring electricity usages in real-time by employing IoT technology.
2. The current invention incorporates modern sensors linked to cloud connectivity which lets users monitor their energy consumption through mobile applications.
3. Users can obtain historical energy consumption data through this invention for analyzing and enhancing their energy optimization.
4. The present invention uses its mobile application to notify users about excessive energy consumption that surpasses established limits thus allowing prompt action to minimize energy waste.
5. Users can command their smart home appliances by utilizing live energy consumption data through the new invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
The invention functions as an upgraded variation of basic energy meters to remedy constraints which stem from traditional metering systems that do not support real-time tracking and distant monitoring. Mobile applications present real-time electricity usage information to users who can thus use this data to minimize power expenses and maximize their energy efficiency. The system measures power consumption with a combination of the current sensor ACS712 together with the voltage sensor ZMPT101B. The microcontroller processes data obtained from ESP32 through Wi-Fi connection which then sends the information to cloud storage for analysis.
Users benefit from IoT and cloud-based technology because they can track energy use remotely and view past consumption patterns and receive warnings if their power usage reaches set limits. Users benefit from user-friendly visualizations throughout the mobile app because the app shows graphs and charts that present energy consumption information clearly. The system connects to smart house systems through an integrated platform which permits users to operate their appliances from any location through real-time energy information.
Through systems that monitor abnormal power patterns the system sends user notifications allowing users to detect problems and minimize wasted energy. Although a modern solution for energy management this invention provides users practical benefits of convenience and efficiency through applications spanning from homes to businesses to factories.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
FIGURE 1 : THE TECHNOLOGY STACK OF THE IOT-BASED ENERGY METER AND THE TECHNOLOGY STACK OF THE CLOUD PLATFORM AND MOBILE APP CONNECTED TO THE SYSTEM.
FIGURE 2 : BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR THE CIRCUIT CONNECTED TO THE ENERGY METER .
FIGURE 3 : CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF ENERGY METER CONNECTED TO ESP32.
FIGURE 4 : FLOW DIAGRAM FOR ENERGY METER.
The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Figure 1 : The technology stack in Figure 1A includes the combination of ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor with ACS712 Current Sensor along with ESP32 Microcontroller and Relay Module coupled with Wi-Fi Module and Firebase Database and Mobile Application. The Voltage Sensor together with the Current Sensor operates as detecting devices for circuit voltage and current measurements. Analog signals transmitted to an ESP32 Microcontroller enable its Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to process the data. The microcontroller continuously updates power usage data as it obtains information from its sensors to compute present electricity prices. Theopakare controller will activate the Relay Module to shut off connected appliances when power consumption surpasses defined thresholds thus stopping energy loss. Data transmission occurs through the Wi-Fi Module to the Firebase Database after microcontroller processing.
The Mobile App obtains its data from Firebase and shows it to the user instantaneously. The system lets users observe their energy usage patterns while receiving notifications and controlling devices from any location using assessed data. The combination of hardware components with pre-installed software has enabled smooth operations for both power monitoring and facility control processes.
ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor : Due to its precision functionality the ZMPT101B stands as a precision voltage sensor module which evaluates AC voltage levels. Through an analog output function, the sensor module creates a proportional relationship between input voltage values for reading by an ESP32 microcontroller to monitor voltage in real time and compute power measurements.
ACS712 Current Sensor: Through a Hall-effect mechanism the ACS712 measures both DC and AC current flows. This sensor generates an analog signal that corresponds to the measured current levels for reading through an ESP32 microcontroller.
ESP32 : The ESP32 functions as a strong economical microcontroller that contains Wi-Fi and Bluetooth infrastructure suitable for IoT implementations. The device has two processor cores as well as sufficient GPIO interfaces which allows straightforward connection to sensors and cloud services while supporting multiple communication protocols.
Relay module : An electrically driven switch called the Relay Module enables microcontroller signals from an ESP32 to control high-voltage power circuits. The module functions as an interface to connect microcontrollers with high-power appliances for command-and-control operations.
Figure 2 : The block diagram displaying the IoT-based energy meter structure appears in Figure 2A. All sensors and modules connected to the ESP32 Microcontroller obtain power from its connection to a power supply.
The IoT application uses ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor along with ACS712 Current Sensor to provide analog inputs for measurements which the ESP32 processes. Through processing power from ESP32 the system obtains data which leads to power consumption calculations and subsequent transmission to the Firebase Database using Wi-Fi connectivity. The ESP32 operates the Relay Module to administer appliance management when specified power thresholds are reached.
Figure 4 : flow chart for Energy meter
Step 1 : Start the device by powering it.
Step 2 : Connect to Wi-Fi for internet connectivity.
Step 3 : Initialize sensors (Voltage Sensor, Current Sensor) and the Relay Module.
Step 4 : Enter the main loop (repeat continuously).
Step 5 : Read voltage from the ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor.
Step 6 : Read current from the ACS712 Current Sensor.
Step 7 : Calculate power consumption using the formula:
Power = Voltage× Current.
Step 8 : Calculate electricity cost based on power consumption and tariff rates.
Step 9 : Check if power consumption exceeds the predefined threshold.
• If Yes: Turn OFF the Relay Module to disconnect the load and prevent energy waste.
• If No: Keep the Relay Module ON.
Step 10 : Print the calculated values (voltage, current, power, cost) to the Serial Monitor for debugging.
Step 11 : Update the Firebase Database with the latest energy consumption data.
Step 12 : Check if the Reset Button is pressed.
Step 13: Repeat Steps 5 to 12 in a continuous loop.
, Claims:1. An IoT-based energy monitoring and control system comprising:
• a voltage sensor and a current sensor configured to provide analog signals representing electrical parameters;
• a microcontroller configured to process the analog signals, calculate power consumption and cost, compare the consumption against a predefined threshold, and control a relay module to manage electrical loads accordingly;
• a wireless communication module configured to transmit processed data to a cloud-based database; and
• a mobile application configured to retrieve data from the cloud-based database, display real-time energy consumption information, provide notifications, and allow remote control of the relay module.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage sensor is a ZMPT101B module configured to measure AC voltage levels up to 250V and provide analog output proportional to the input voltage.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current sensor is an ACS712 module utilizing a Hall-effect mechanism to measure both AC and DC current flows, providing an analog signal corresponding to the measured current levels.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MCU is an ESP32 microcontroller comprising dual-core processors, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, and multiple General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) interfaces for sensor integration and communication.
5. The as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relay module is an electrically operated switch that enables the MCU to control high-voltage power circuits, facilitating the connection or disconnection of electrical appliances.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module utilizes Wi-Fi connectivity to transmit data from the MCU to the cloud-based database.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cloud-based database is implemented using Firebase, enabling real-time data storage and retrieval for the mobile application.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mobile application is configured to provide users with real-time notifications when power consumption exceeds predefined thresholds, and allows users to remotely control connected appliances via the relay module.