DESC:4. DESCRIPTION
Technical Filed of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of automated weapon systems, and more specifically to an electro-mechanical control and targeting system adapted for integration with the ZU-23 anti-aircraft artillery platform.

Background of the Invention

The ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun is a twin-barrel 23 mm autocannon originally designed during the Cold War era to counter low-flying aircraft and light ground targets. Its rugged construction and high rate of fire have ensured continued deployment in many armed forces worldwide. However, the conventional ZU-23 system remains fundamentally manual in operation. Target acquisition, aiming, and firing are dependent on the physical effort and judgment of the operator, which severely limits effectiveness against modern, high-speed, and low-signature threats such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), precision-guided munitions, and agile aircraft.

In recent years, global defense industries have attempted to modernize legacy gun platforms, including the ZU-23, by introducing motorized aiming, optical sights, or basic fire-control aids. While these incremental upgrades improve operator convenience, they often lack integrated automation, predictive computation, or multi-sensor fusion. Systems relying solely on manual tracking or optical aids remain inadequate when facing threats moving at velocities exceeding 300 m/s. Moreover, absence of closed-loop servo control results in slow response times and poor alignment accuracy, especially against maneuvering aerial targets.

Several retrofit solutions from prior art focus on adding simple electro-optical sights or external radar feeds to the ZU-23. These solutions typically transfer sensor data to operators, who still perform manual aiming and firing. Such systems are constrained by human reaction times, typically in the order of several seconds, which is insufficient to engage small drones or fast jets. Furthermore, most prior art lacks predictive algorithms to calculate future target positions, leading to reduced first-shot hit probability and wasted ammunition. In hostile environments, exposing operators near the weapon platform further increases vulnerability and reduces survivability.

Another limitation of prior art lies in the structural integration of retrofit kits. Many modifications interfere with the original weapon mount, compromising stability and increasing wear on mechanical assemblies. In the absence of recoil-resistant design and synchronized servo-driven alignment, continuous firing degrades accuracy and reduces the operational life of the platform. Additionally, legacy solutions generally lack dual firing modes, operators are forced to rely on either full manual or fully automated modes, without the flexibility to combine predictive computation with operator-confirmed decision-making.

Given the rapid proliferation of drones, precision-guided threats, and electronic warfare countermeasures, there is a dire and unmet need for an improved automated weapon control system for the ZU-23 platform. Such a system must combine multi-sensor data fusion, predictive computational algorithms, closed-loop servo-driven actuation, delay-compensated trigger control, and recoil-resistant structural reinforcements. The system should also provide hybrid operational flexibility, enabling both predictive automatic firing and operator-confirmed modes. Crucially, the solution must be modular in design, allowing cost-effective retrofitting to existing ZU-23 units without compromising their structural integrity.

The present invention addresses these deficiencies by introducing an integrated electro-mechanical control and targeting system that transforms the ZU-23 into a modernized, semi-autonomous, high-precision air-defense platform. By fusing radar and electro-optical data, employing predictive algorithms for trajectory estimation, synchronizing dual barrels through closed-loop servo control, and incorporating recoil-resistant structural features, the invention overcomes the shortcomings of prior art and ensures effective engagement of aerial threats moving at speeds up to 500 m/s, while enhancing operator safety and platform longevity.

Objects of the Invention

The primary object of the present invention is to provide an automated electro-mechanical weapon control system for the ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun that integrates electro-mechanical actuation, predictive computation, and multi-sensor data fusion to enable precise and reliable target detection, tracking, and engagement.

Another object of the invention is to achieve predictive aiming by equipping the system with a computational unit configured with algorithms that process real-time trajectory and velocity data from both electro-optical units and a radar interface. This enables accurate calculation of future target positions, thereby improving first-shot hit probability against high-speed and maneuvering threats.

A further object of the invention is to provide servo-driven closed-loop actuation using servo drives and brushless servo motors, integrated with an elevation gearbox assembly and an azimuth gearbox assembly. This ensures rapid realignment, continuous positional correction, and precise tracking of targets moving at velocities up to 500 m/s.

Another object of the invention is to introduce a dual-mode automatic trigger control module that supports both predictive firing and operator-confirmed firing. This hybrid configuration provides operational flexibility, allowing the system to function in a fully automated mode when rapid engagement is critical, or in a supervised mode where human confirmation is required for tactical decisions.

It is also an object of the invention to enhance firing accuracy through a firing mechanism equipped with a delay-compensation feature that synchronizes projectile discharge timing with predicted target intercept points.

Yet another object of the invention is to enable hybrid feedback and verification by employing an encoder and sighting unit that provides both angular position data and visual acquisition signals to the fire control unit, ensuring precise alignment before firing.

A further object of the invention is to provide structural reinforcement and recoil management through the integration of a recoil-resistant base support, a universal joint assembly, and a twin-barrel assembly. These components collectively stabilize the system during sustained firing, reduce vibrations, and maintain accuracy and mechanical integrity.

Another object of the invention is to ensure operator safety and adaptability by including an external control interface that enables remote wireless operation as well as manual override, thereby minimizing crew exposure to hostile fire while preserving control flexibility.

Finally, an important object of the invention is to design the system with modularity and retrofit capability, allowing seamless integration of electro-mechanical assemblies, computational units, and control systems onto existing ZU-23 gun platforms without compromising their original structural integrity.

Brief Summary of the Invention

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure, and it does not identify key/critical elements of the invention or delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts disclosed herein in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an automated electro-mechanical weapon control system adapted for integration with the ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun platform. The system transforms the manually operated legacy weapon into a semi-autonomous, high-precision defense solution by incorporating electro-mechanical actuators, servo-driven gear assemblies, a computational fire control unit, and sensor fusion technologies. The invention enables automated detection, predictive targeting, precise alignment, and optimized firing, thereby improving the operational efficiency of the ZU-23 against modern aerial threats.

In another aspect, the invention integrates a computational unit configured with predictive algorithms to estimate future target positions by processing input from electro-optical units and a radar interface. This predictive capability allows the system to lead fast-moving targets, including unmanned aerial vehicles and projectiles, ensuring high first-shot hit probability even under dynamic combat conditions.

In yet another aspect, the invention employs servo drives and brushless servo motors, coupled with an elevation gearbox assembly and an azimuth gearbox assembly, to provide closed-loop feedback for weapon alignment. This configuration enables rapid response, precise positioning, and continuous tracking of targets moving at speeds up to 500 m/s, thereby surpassing the limitations of conventional manually operated systems.

A further aspect of the invention lies in its dual-mode automatic trigger control module, operably linked with the firing mechanism. The trigger control module supports predictive automatic firing as well as operator-confirmed firing, thereby offering tactical flexibility. Additionally, the firing mechanism is enhanced with a delay-compensation feature that optimizes the timing of projectile discharge in accordance with predicted intercept points.

In another aspect, the encoder and sighting unit provides hybrid feedback by combining angular position data with optical acquisition signals. This dual-feedback approach ensures reliable verification of weapon alignment before firing, improving accuracy and reducing the possibility of error during engagement.

The invention further provides structural reinforcement through the integration of a recoil-resistant base support, a universal joint assembly, and a twin-barrel assembly. These mechanical features collectively absorb recoil forces, stabilize the weapon platform, and maintain system integrity during sustained firing operations.

In yet another aspect, the invention includes an external control interface that allows remote wireless operation as well as manual override. This feature enhances operator safety by enabling control from protected locations, while preserving manual fallback capabilities if required during battlefield contingencies.

Finally, in another aspect, the invention is designed with modularity and retrofit capability. The system architecture allows existing ZU-23 platforms to be upgraded without altering the original structural foundation of the gun, thereby offering a cost-effective modernization pathway that extends the service life of fielded assets while integrating advanced automation and predictive fire control features.

Further objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Invention

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description presented in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig 1 illustrates an electro-mechanical automated weapon system for ZU-23 artillery as of present invention.

Fig 2A, 2B, 2C illustrates a plurality of said arrangement and its operational views for an electro-mechanical automated weapon system for ZU-23 artillery as of present invention.

It is appreciated that not all aspects and structures of the present invention are visible in a single drawing, and as such multiple views of the invention are presented so as to clearly show the structures of the invention.

Detailed Description of the Invention

It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

The use of “including”, “comprising” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items. Further, the use of terms “first”, “second”, and “third”, and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an automated electro-mechanical weapon control system adapted for integration with the conventional ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun. The system transforms the manually operated platform into a semi-autonomous defense solution by introducing a combination of computational fire control, predictive targeting algorithms, multi-sensor data fusion, and servo-driven actuation mechanisms. The primary function of the system is to detect, track, predict, and engage high-speed aerial threats with improved accuracy and reduced operator dependency.

In one embodiment, the system includes a fire control unit configured as a central computational processor. The fire control unit receives data from multiple sensors, including day and night cameras, infrared imaging modules, laser range finders, and radar inputs. The collected data is processed to provide a comprehensive picture of target range, velocity, trajectory, and environmental conditions. By employing predictive algorithms, the fire control unit estimates the future position of a moving target, thereby compensating for projectile travel time and enabling the weapon to lead the target effectively. This predictive capability ensures higher hit probability against targets moving at velocities up to five hundred meters per second.

In another embodiment, weapon orientation is achieved through the integration of servo drives and high-torque brushless servo motors. These actuation components are connected to the azimuth and elevation gear assemblies of the ZU-23 platform, providing closed-loop feedback and continuous positional correction. The closed-loop control mechanism allows the system to maintain precise alignment even in dynamic battlefield scenarios, where targets may execute evasive maneuvers. The servo arrangement also reduces latency between target detection and engagement, ensuring that the weapon responds rapidly to changing threat environments.

A further embodiment of the invention introduces a dual-mode trigger control system. In a predictive firing mode, the system automatically initiates firing once the weapon barrels are aligned with the predicted intercept point of the target. In an operator-confirmed mode, firing is only executed after human authorization, providing tactical flexibility where rules of engagement or situational awareness necessitate human decision-making. This dual-mode configuration balances automation with human oversight, making the system adaptable to diverse mission requirements.

Another embodiment incorporates a firing mechanism enhanced with delay-compensation logic. This feature ensures that the projectile is discharged at precisely the correct moment in relation to the predicted target location, thereby minimizing errors caused by the time lag between computation, alignment, and firing. Delay compensation becomes particularly critical when engaging fast and agile threats, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, where even minor deviations in timing can reduce accuracy.

In yet another embodiment, the invention employs a hybrid feedback and verification system. An encoder-based arrangement provides real-time angular position data, while a sighting system delivers optical acquisition confirmation. The dual feedback approach allows the fire control unit to verify weapon alignment before initiating discharge, significantly improving reliability and reducing the probability of misfire or wasted ammunition.

According to a further embodiment, the invention is provided with structural reinforcements that ensure accuracy and stability during sustained firing operations. A recoil-resistant base frame, coupled with a universal joint assembly and a twin-barrel configuration, absorbs mechanical stresses and vibrations generated during continuous discharge. This arrangement preserves long-term accuracy, reduces wear on mechanical parts, and maintains system integrity in field conditions.

In another embodiment, the invention provides an external control interface that allows both remote and manual operation. Remote operation enables safe deployment by distancing operators from the gun platform, while manual override ensures continued functionality in case of electronic failure or mission-specific requirements. The hybrid design allows seamless transition between automated, semi-automated, and manual control modes.

Finally, in a modular embodiment, the system is designed to be retrofitted to existing ZU-23 gun platforms without altering the core structural foundation of the weapon. The modular design enables cost-effective modernization, extending the operational life of legacy systems while incorporating advanced computational fire control, predictive targeting, and electro-mechanical actuation technologies. This retrofit approach ensures scalability and adaptability for future upgrades, including integration with artificial intelligence–based recognition systems and networked battlefield management solutions.

Detailed Description - Referring to the Figures
Referring to Fig. 1, an automated electro-mechanical weapon control system (100) adapted for integration with a ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun is illustrated as an architecture in which a fire control unit (3) receives inputs from electro-optical units (4) and a radar interface (5). A computational unit (9) executes predictive algorithms on fused sensor data and outputs alignment commands to servo drives (7). The servo drives actuate brushless servo motors (8) that move the weapon in azimuth through an azimuth gearbox assembly (24) and in elevation through an elevation gearbox assembly (21). An encoder and sighting unit (23) provides continuous angular feedback and optical acquisition confirmation to close the alignment loop. A firing mechanism (10) is governed by an automatic trigger control module (2) that coordinates timing with the predicted intercept solution, while an external control interface (6) enables remote operation and manual override. Structural stability during dynamic operation is provided by a recoil-resistant base support (28) and a universal joint assembly (25), with discharge delivered via a twin-barrel assembly (29).

In one embodiment corresponding to Fig. 1, the computational unit (9) executes a real-time fusion cycle in which the radar interface (5) supplies range and radial velocity estimates at a first sampling rate and the electro-optical units (4) supply line-of-sight measurements at a second sampling rate. The fire control unit (3) time-stamps all measurements and applies latency compensation before forwarding them to (9). The predictive routine computes an intercept point by propagating target state under a bounded-acceleration motion model and compensates for projectile time-of-flight. The resulting aim vector is fed to the servo drives (7), which implement closed-loop position and velocity control of the motors (8). The encoder and sighting unit (23) returns absolute angular position and an optical lock indicator; if the lock indicator is absent, the controller reverts to inertial/radar-guided tracking until optical reacquisition is confirmed.

Referring further to Fig. 1, the automatic trigger control module (2) operates in two selectable modes. In a predictive mode, (2) enables the firing mechanism (10) once the encoder (23) verifies that the instantaneous bore axis is within a prescribed angular tolerance of the intercept solution generated by (9) and maintains that tolerance for a minimum dwell interval. In an operator-confirmed mode, (2) requires a positive command via (6) in addition to the foregoing alignment criteria. In both modes, a delay-compensation routine offsets the trigger signal by an amount calculated from the servo loop latency, measured ignition delay, and projectile muzzle dynamics to synchronize shot release with the predicted intercept time.

Referring to Figs. 2A–2C, mechanical embodiments are shown in which the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and the azimuth gearbox assembly (24) are configured to provide high-torque, low-backlash transmission between the motors (8) and the weapon mount. The universal joint assembly (25) accommodates compound rotations while maintaining mechanical continuity between azimuth and elevation axes. The base support (28) provides load paths that isolate firing-induced impulses from the precision actuation chain, and the twin-barrel assembly (29) is driven under synchronization control issued by the fire control unit (3) to minimize dispersion due to asynchronous recoil events.

In a calibrated embodiment, initial power-up triggers a homing sequence in which the encoder and sighting unit (23) establishes reference angles for both axes. The fire control unit (3) then commands the motors (8) through the servo drives (7) to move (21) and (24) to known calibration points. The computational unit (9) measures static and dynamic misalignment by comparing commanded angles with encoder feedback and stores correction terms for subsequent closed-loop operation. The external control interface (6) logs all calibration data and provides enable/disable authority for the firing chain consisting of (2) and (10).

In a representative engagement sequence (best mode), the external control interface (6) transitions the system (100) to an armed state; the fire control unit (3) validates health status of (7), (8), (21), (24), (23), (2), (10), (4), (5), and (9). Upon target detection by (4) and/or (5), a track is initiated and maintained by (3) while (9) computes the intercept solution. The servo drives (7) command the motors (8) to slew the mount through (24) and (21) to the aim vector; the encoder (23) confirms convergence. The automatic trigger control module (2) applies the delay-compensation value and actuates the firing mechanism (10). During burst fire, the fire control unit (3) issues synchronization cues to the twin-barrel assembly (29) to reduce dispersion, monitors recoil-induced perturbations via (23), and updates (7) commands to sustain alignment. The base support (28) and universal joint (25) maintain structural continuity and motion fidelity during discharge.

In a robustness embodiment, if the encoder and sighting unit (23) reports degraded optical acquisition while the radar interface (5) remains valid, the fire control unit (3) weights radar-derived state estimates higher than electro-optical measurements for fusion within (9). Conversely, when (5) is jammed or intermittent, (3) prioritizes electro-optical measurements. The servo drives (7) run a diagnostic routine that flags overshoot, following error, or thermal derating conditions from the motors (8); when thresholds are exceeded, (3) commands a transition from predictive mode in (2) to operator-confirmed mode through (6) and reduces slew rates until nominal operation is restored.

In an alignment quality embodiment, the encoder and sighting unit (23) provides both coarse absolute angle and fine incremental counts; the fire control unit (3) uses coarse values for gross repositioning via (7) and (8) and fine counts for micro-stepping corrections at the end of travel to minimize steady-state error. The computational unit (9) publishes an uncertainty estimate with each intercept solution; if the uncertainty exceeds a set threshold, (2) inhibits (10) until (23) indicates alignment within tolerance or (6) authorizes operator-confirmed firing.

In a comparative example of system behavior, a baseline configuration omitting the predictive computation in (9) and operating without synchronization control for the twin-barrel assembly (29) exhibits larger residual pointing error during bursts due to uncompensated recoil transients measured at the encoder (23). Under the same tracking scenario, inclusion of (9) with delay-compensated actuation via (2) and (10) maintains alignment within a reduced angular tolerance window while (7) and (8) reject disturbance. The structural stack comprising (28) and (25) preserves the kinematic relationship between (24), (21), and (29) during repeated discharge events.

In a maintenance embodiment, the external control interface (6) exposes service commands to record friction maps of (21) and (24) by sweeping the axes under (7) control and logging the torque demand reported by (8). The computational unit (9) stores these maps and the fire control unit (3) compensates for position-dependent drag during subsequent engagements, improving steady tracking linearity as sensed by (23). Safety interlocks within (6) require positive arming of (2) before (10) can be energized, and any fault reported by (7), (8), (21), (24), (23), or (3) forces an immediate revert-to-safe state with firing inhibited and axes braked.

Referring again to Fig. 1, the system (100) supports seamless transitions between automated predictive operation and operator-confirmed operation. The fire control unit (3) supervises the state machine governing these modes, the computational unit (9) continues to generate intercept solutions regardless of mode, and the automatic trigger control module (2) enforces the appropriate authorization logic before actuating the firing mechanism (10). Throughout operation, structural components (28) and (25) maintain the geometric constraints necessary for repeatable pointing of the twin-barrel assembly (29), while the servo chain (7)/(8) with gearboxes (24)/(21) and feedback (23) provides the precision motion required to realize the commanded aim vectors.

Variants and Alternative Embodiments
In one alternative embodiment, the actuation of the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and azimuth gearbox assembly (24) may be carried out using stepper motors instead of brushless servo motors (8). Stepper motors offer precise incremental positioning and can provide a low-cost retrofit option where budgetary or logistical constraints exist. However, in applications requiring high torque and rapid response, brushless servo motors (8) are preferred due to their superior dynamic characteristics. The servo drives (7) may also be configured with adaptive gain control to adjust performance automatically based on load conditions.

Another variant of the invention employs different gearbox designs. While spur gears provide robustness and simplicity, a planetary gearbox can be used where higher torque density and compact form factor are required. Alternatively, harmonic drive gearboxes may be integrated in specialized embodiments to achieve near-zero backlash, thereby improving pointing accuracy for precision targeting.

The electro-optical units (4) may also be varied depending on the intended deployment. In addition to day/night cameras and infrared imaging, the units may include short-wave infrared sensors for enhanced visibility in smoky or foggy conditions, or millimeter-wave sensors to provide resilience against countermeasures. In some embodiments, an additional laser designator may be included to assist in range marking and cooperative target designation.

The radar interface (5) can be configured to operate on different frequency bands. In one embodiment, X-band radar provides high-resolution velocity data for small and fast-moving aerial targets, while in another embodiment, S-band radar is used for long-range detection. The fire control unit (3) may be configured to fuse multiple radar feeds for improved accuracy and resilience against jamming or clutter.

In certain embodiments, redundancy may be built into the encoder and sighting unit (23). Dual encoders can be mounted on each axis to ensure fault tolerance, while sighting units may incorporate both optical and digital sensors to cross-verify alignment. Such redundancy enhances system reliability in mission-critical scenarios.

A further variant relates to structural reinforcement. The universal joint assembly (25) may be replaced with a gimbal-based arrangement in embodiments requiring larger elevation and azimuth ranges. Similarly, the base support (28) may be adapted with hydraulic dampers to absorb recoil more effectively in mobile or naval installations.

Best Mode of Operation
The best mode of operating the system (100) begins with an initialization sequence. On startup, the fire control unit (3) verifies connectivity with the electro-optical units (4), radar interface (5), servo drives (7), motors (8), encoder (23), trigger control module (2), and firing mechanism (10). Once all modules report readiness, the system executes a homing routine where the encoder (23) establishes zero reference points for both azimuth and elevation axes. Calibration is carried out by slewing the gun through controlled angles using assemblies (21) and (24), during which static misalignment and backlash are measured and compensated in software.

During an engagement cycle, the electro-optical units (4) and radar interface (5) continuously supply detection data to the fire control unit (3). The computational unit (9) fuses the data and predicts intercept points using motion models and projectile ballistics. These predictions are continuously updated and transmitted as alignment commands to the servo drives (7), which in turn actuate the motors (8). The encoder (23) provides real-time feedback for fine corrections, ensuring the weapon is locked on to the predicted trajectory.

Once alignment criteria are met, the automatic trigger control module (2) determines firing authorization. In predictive mode, the firing mechanism (10) is triggered automatically after delay-compensation logic confirms synchronization with the intercept solution. In operator-confirmed mode, a command through the external control interface (6) is additionally required to authorize firing. Throughout operation, the universal joint assembly (25) maintains axis continuity while the base support (28) stabilizes the system against recoil. The twin-barrel assembly (29) operates under synchronization control to reduce dispersion, thereby maintaining accuracy during bursts.

In the event of sensor degradation or system malfunction, fallback measures are initiated. If the radar interface (5) is jammed or compromised, the system prioritizes data from the electro-optical units (4), while in poor visibility conditions radar data is weighted more heavily. In case of servo motor (8) overheating or loss of encoder (23) feedback, the fire control unit (3) transitions the trigger control module (2) into operator-confirmed mode to prevent unintended firing. Manual override through the external control interface (6) remains available at all times to ensure continuity of operation.

This best mode ensures rapid readiness, predictive accuracy, stable firing under recoil, and operational safety while maintaining modularity for diverse deployment conditions.

Applications
The automated electro-mechanical weapon control system (100) finds application in a wide range of defense and security scenarios. In air defense operations, the system enables short-range air defense missions by engaging low-flying aircraft, rotary-wing platforms, and unmanned aerial vehicles. By utilizing the fire control unit (3), electro-optical units (4), and radar interface (5), the system can detect and track targets with high accuracy, while the computational unit (9) predicts intercept points in real time.

In counter-unmanned aerial system operations, the integration of electro-optical sensors (4) with radar data (5) allows the system to identify and engage small drones, including swarm configurations, which are otherwise difficult to track manually. The automatic trigger control module (2) and firing mechanism (10) work in predictive mode to respond rapidly to multiple aerial incursions.

The invention is also suitable for border security and base protection, where remote operation through the external control interface (6) ensures crew safety by allowing operators to control the system from protected shelters. The recoil-resistant base support (28) and universal joint assembly (25) maintain accuracy even under continuous operation, making the system reliable for perimeter defense.

Furthermore, the system can be deployed for naval defense applications by mounting it on patrol vessels or coastal installations. The servo drives (7) and servo motors (8), in combination with the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and azimuth gearbox assembly (24), compensate for platform motion to maintain engagement accuracy against fast-moving threats at sea.

Finally, the modular nature of the system allows its integration into mobile defense platforms such as tactical vehicles. This adaptability ensures that the system (100) can provide mobile protection for convoys, forward operating bases, and urban security scenarios where rapid deployment is critical.

Advantages
A primary advantage of the invention is the use of predictive algorithms within the computational unit (9), which enable the system to calculate future target positions based on trajectory and velocity inputs. This ensures accurate alignment and improves hit probability against targets moving at velocities up to 500 meters per second, surpassing the limitations of traditional manual operation.

Another advantage is the closed-loop servo control architecture. The servo drives (7) and brushless servo motors (8), integrated with gear assemblies (21) and (24), provide continuous correction of alignment errors. The encoder and sighting unit (23) further enhances reliability by supplying angular position feedback and optical lock confirmation to the fire control unit (3).

The system also provides operational flexibility through the automatic trigger control module (2), which supports both predictive firing and operator-confirmed firing modes. The inclusion of delay-compensation in the firing mechanism (10) optimizes projectile release timing and reduces dispersion when engaging fast or evasive threats.

Structural reinforcement using the base support (28), universal joint assembly (25), and twin-barrel assembly (29) ensures mechanical stability and minimizes accuracy degradation during continuous bursts of fire. The modular design further allows cost-effective retrofitting of existing ZU-23 platforms, extending their service life without requiring replacement of the original weapon system.

Test Standards
The system (100) has been evaluated against defined defense test standards to verify its performance. The servo response of the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and azimuth gearbox assembly (24) was tested under simulated battlefield conditions, including sudden target maneuvers and environmental disturbances. The closed-loop feedback provided by the encoder (23) ensured alignment accuracy within a defined angular tolerance.

Target detection tests were conducted using the electro-optical units (4) in combination with radar interface (5) across varying light and visibility conditions. The fire control unit (3) successfully fused sensor data to provide stable tracking, demonstrating robustness against adverse weather and electronic interference.

The firing mechanism (10) with delay-compensation was tested to validate synchronization of projectile release with predicted intercept points. Recoil absorption tests confirmed that the base support (28) and universal joint assembly (25) maintained structural integrity and accuracy over prolonged firing sessions.

Results
When compared to the conventional manually operated ZU-23 system, the automated electro-mechanical system (100) demonstrated clear improvements in all measurable parameters. In manual mode, operators relied entirely on visual observation and mechanical aiming, which resulted in an average engagement delay of two to three seconds. By contrast, the present invention, through the computational unit (9) and predictive algorithms, reduced engagement readiness to less than one second. The integration of radar interface (5) and electro-optical units (4) provided continuous multi-sensor tracking that could not be achieved in legacy manual systems.

In terms of target tracking capability, the manual ZU-23 system was limited to effective engagement of targets moving at approximately 250 to 300 meters per second. Prior retrofitted solutions that added optical sights or simple motorization increased this range slightly, but still fell short of high-speed threats. The present system, using closed-loop servo drives (7) and brushless servo motors (8) coupled with gear assemblies (21, 24), consistently maintained alignment on targets traveling at velocities up to 500 meters per second, thereby addressing the gap left by earlier attempts.

Accuracy tests also confirmed the superiority of the invention. The manual ZU-23 achieved only about 25–35% hit probability at ranges of one to two kilometers. Prior retrofits with limited optical aids improved this slightly to 40–50%, but performance degraded under maneuvering or low-visibility conditions. By contrast, the present system achieved hit probabilities in the range of 75–85%, owing to predictive computations in (9), hybrid feedback from the encoder and sighting unit (23), and synchronization control of the twin-barrel assembly (29), which minimized dispersion error.

Structural stability further highlighted the difference between existing systems and the present invention. Conventional ZU-23 platforms suffered significant accuracy degradation during bursts of fire due to recoil. Prior retrofits offered minimal improvement, lacking any dedicated recoil compensation. The present invention, however, integrated a recoil-resistant base support (28) and a universal joint assembly (25), which absorbed firing-induced stresses and maintained consistent alignment even during continuous bursts.

Finally, operator safety was significantly enhanced. Manual systems exposed crew members directly to hostile fire, while prior retrofits still required partial operator presence near the weapon. With the present invention, the external control interface (6) enabled remote operation, reducing operator exposure by over ninety percent. This transition from exposed manual operation to protected remote control represents a substantial advancement in survivability and mission effectiveness.

Future Scalability and Modularity
In further embodiments, the system (100) is designed to be scalable and adaptable for integration with future technologies. The computational unit (9) can be upgraded to include artificial intelligence–based target recognition algorithms for automatic classification of aerial targets, including distinguishing between friendly and hostile drones. The fire control unit (3) may be networked with battlefield management systems through secure communication links, enabling real-time data sharing and cooperative engagement.

The servo drives (7) and motors (8) may be configured with modular firmware updates to enhance control algorithms without requiring hardware replacement. The electro-optical units (4) can be expanded to include additional sensors such as thermal imagers or millimeter-wave radars for specific mission profiles. Similarly, the structural platform, including the base support (28) and universal joint assembly (25), can be adapted to accommodate alternative calibers beyond the 23 mm twin-barrel assembly (29), thereby extending the application of the invention to other weapon systems.

This modular architecture ensures that the system is not limited to its current configuration but is capable of evolving in response to emerging threats and operational requirements.

Industrial Applicability
The present invention is industrially applicable in the design, manufacture, and deployment of automated defense systems. The electro-mechanical assemblies, including the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and azimuth gearbox assembly (24), can be fabricated using standard machining and mechatronic techniques. The fire control unit (3), computational unit (9), and external control interface (6) can be produced with existing embedded electronics and software engineering methods.

The system (100) can be retrofitted onto existing ZU-23 gun platforms in service with defense forces worldwide, thereby extending their operational life and enhancing their combat readiness. Large-scale deployment is feasible using known industrial practices, and the modular nature of the invention ensures cost-effective production and maintenance. Thus, the invention demonstrates clear industrial applicability within the defense manufacturing sector.

List of Reference Numerals
2: Automatic trigger control module
3: Fire control unit
4: Electro-optical units
5: Radar interface
6: External control interface
7: Servo drives
8: Servo motors
9: Computational unit
10: Firing mechanism
21: Elevation gearbox assembly
23: Encoder and sighting unit
24: Azimuth gearbox assembly
25: Universal joint assembly
28: Base support
29: Twin-barrel assembly
100: System
200: Method

It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. Variations in form, construction, and arrangement of components may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The reference numerals assigned to the features are provided only for clarity and do not limit the claimed subject matter.

The features described in connection with specific embodiments may be combined in other embodiments in ways not specifically illustrated or described, but which fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. All changes and modifications that are functionally equivalent are intended to be encompassed by this disclosure.

The invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to make and use it. However, it should be appreciated that numerous variations and modifications are possible in light of the present disclosure, and such variations are to be regarded as within the scope of protection sought.
,CLAIMS:5. CLAIMS
We claim:
1. An automated electro-mechanical weapon control system (100) adapted for integration with a ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun, comprising:
an automatic trigger control module (2) adapted to initiate firing;
a fire control unit (3) configured to receive data from a plurality of electro-optical units (4) and a radar interface (5);
the electro-optical units (4) comprising at least one day/night camera, an infrared imaging module, and a laser range finder;
the radar interface (5) configured to provide real-time range and velocity data of approaching targets;
an external control interface (6) adapted for receiving manual or remote commands;
a plurality of servo drives (7) and a plurality of servo motors (8) operably coupled to the servo drives for actuating an elevation gearbox assembly (21) and an azimuth gearbox assembly (24);
an encoder and sighting unit (23) adapted to provide angular position feedback; and
a firing mechanism (10) operable in coordination with the automatic trigger control module (2);
Characterized in that,
a computational unit (9) is configured with predictive algorithms to process trajectory and velocity data from the electro-optical units (4) and radar interface (5) to estimate the future position of targets, thereby enabling predictive aiming;
the servo drives (7) and brushless servo motors (8), coupled with the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and azimuth gearbox assembly (24), operate with closed-loop feedback to provide rapid realignment and precise tracking of targets moving up to 500 m/s;
the automatic trigger control module (2), operably linked with the firing mechanism (10), supports dual firing modes comprising a predictive automatic firing mode and an operator-confirmed firing mode;
the firing mechanism (10) incorporates a delay-compensation feature to optimize trigger timing based on predicted projectile travel;
the encoder and sighting unit (23) provides combined angular feedback and optical acquisition signals for verification of alignment; and
the system (100) is structurally reinforced by a recoil-resistant base support (28), a universal joint assembly (25), and a twin-barrel assembly (29), thereby maintaining platform stability and mechanical integrity during continuous automated firing.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electro-optical units (4) include stabilized zoom optics for long-range target engagement.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the computational unit (9) incorporates a delay-compensation algorithm to synchronize projectile travel time with predicted target position.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the servo drives (7) and servo motors (8) include self-diagnostic feedback configured to detect misalignment or malfunction and initiate corrective actions.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the twin-barrel assembly (29) is provided with synchronization control to minimize dispersion error during firing.

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external control interface (6) supports remote wireless operation with encryption and manual override capability.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the encoder and sighting unit (23) provides dual feedback comprising angular position data and optical acquisition signals for alignment confirmation.

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire control unit (3) is configured to perform sensor fusion by dynamically prioritizing radar input under low-visibility conditions and electro-optical input under clear-visibility conditions.

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modular configuration allows retrofit of the elevation gearbox assembly (21), azimuth gearbox assembly (24), servo drives (7), and computational unit (9) onto existing ZU-23 gun platforms without altering the structural integrity of the base weapon.

10. A method (200) of operating an automated electro-mechanical weapon control system (100) as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising:
acquiring real-time input from electro-optical units (4) and radar interface (5);
transmitting the input data to the fire control unit (3) and processing it in the computational unit (9) to predict a future target position;
generating control commands from the fire control unit (3) and transmitting the commands to the servo drives (7);
actuating the servo motors (8) to adjust the elevation gearbox assembly (21) and azimuth gearbox assembly (24);
verifying alignment using the encoder and sighting unit (23);
initiating firing through the automatic trigger control module (2) and executing the firing mechanism (10) via the twin-barrel assembly (29); and
maintaining stability of the system through the base support (28) and universal joint assembly (25) during operation.

6. DATE & SIGNATURE

Dated this 09th September 2025

Signature

Mr. Srinvas Maddipati
IN/PA 3124-In house Patent Agent
For., Zen Technologies Limited.