Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to Solid-State Transformer-Based Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With the growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), the demand for fast, efficient, and convenient charging solutions is increasing. Traditional wired charging systems face several challenges, including cable wear, safety concerns, and limited flexibility. Wireless power transfer (WPT) offers a promising alternative by enabling contactless energy transfer between charging pads and EVs, improving safety and convenience.
However, existing WPT systems often suffer from:
• Low efficiency due to significant transmission losses.
• Limited power capacity, restricting fast charging capabilities.
• Grid instability caused by fluctuating charging loads.
• Fault sensitivity, resulting in operational downtimes.
• Lack of bidirectional power flow, preventing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations.
This invention introduces an SST-based WPT system that overcomes these limitations by integrating:
• High-frequency solid-state transformers for efficient power conversion.
• Dynamic energy management for optimal power flow between the grid, renewables, and EVs.
• Fault-tolerant control with self-healing redundancy mechanisms.
• Bidirectional WPT for both G2V and V2G operations.
Current wireless power transfer (WPT) systems face several challenges:
• Limited Efficiency: Significant transmission losses during wireless power transfer reduce overall system efficiency.
• Grid Instability: EV charging increases load demand, causing voltage fluctuations and harmonics.
• Fault Sensitivity: Conventional systems lack fault-tolerant mechanisms, leading to downtime during module failures.
• Unidirectional Power Flow: Current WPT systems only support Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) charging, limiting grid interaction.
Patent Number Title Key Features
US20200247250A1 Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles - Resonant inductive coupling for EV charging
- Solid-state control for precise energy delivery
- Coil alignment and detection mechanisms
US20170057369A1 Power Supply System for Charging Electric Vehicles - Integration of SSTs with wireless charging interface
- Real-time voltage and current control
- Supports bi-directional energy flow
US20210237593A1 Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles - Adaptive control for varying EV load conditions
- SST-based modular converters
- High-frequency power transfer circuitry

Patent Number / Reference Problems / Challenges
US20200247250A1 - Sensitivity to misalignment between transmitter and receiver coils
- Efficiency drops at larger air gaps or lateral shifts
- Thermal issues under high load
US20170057369A1 - Complex SST control architecture increases system cost
- Limited scalability for different EV battery configurations
US20210237593A1 - Adaptive control is difficult under fast load transients
- EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) due to high-frequency switching in SST components

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
The proposed invention introduces a Solid-State Transformer (SST) with an Integrated Energy Management System (EMS) designed for optimized PV-battery microgrid operations. This system significantly enhances efficiency, reliability, and grid stability through the integration of multi-level SST architecture, bidirectional power flow, and fault-tolerant control mechanisms. The SST utilizes high-frequency switching and soft-switching techniques (ZVS/ZCS) to minimize power losses, reduce harmonics, and improve power quality. The adaptive EMS dynamically manages power distribution between PV panels, battery storage, and the grid, ensuring optimal energy utilization based on real-time demand. Additionally, the system incorporates a fault-tolerant control module with self-healing algorithms, enabling automatic fault detection, isolation, and recovery to ensure continuous operation. The bidirectional power flow capability supports both Grid-to-Microgrid (G2M) and Microgrid-to-Grid (M2G) operations, enhancing grid stability by enabling the microgrid to inject power into the grid during low demand. This invention offers scalable, reliable, and efficient microgrid infrastructure, making it ideal for large-scale PV-battery microgrid applications with enhanced energy management and fault resilience.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
FIGURE 1: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
FIGURE 2: FLOW CHART
The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The present invention relates to a Solid-State Transformer (SST)-Based Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System for Electric Vehicles (EVs), designed to deliver high-efficiency, reliable, and bidirectional power flow for next-generation EV charging infrastructure. Unlike conventional wired charging systems, this invention enables contactless power transfer through resonant inductive coupling, improving convenience and safety. The proposed system features a multi-level SST architecture with soft-switching techniques (ZVS/ZCS), minimizing switching losses and enhancing power quality. An integrated adaptive energy management system (EMS) dynamically optimizes power distribution from the grid, renewables, and energy storage systems, ensuring efficient energy flow based on real-time demand. The bidirectional power flow supports both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations, contributing to grid stability by injecting power during low demand periods. To ensure uninterrupted operation, the system incorporates fault-tolerant control with redundant SST modules and predictive fault detection algorithms, providing reliable performance even during module failures. The compact and scalable design makes it suitable for large-scale EV charging networks, offering enhanced efficiency, grid stability, and seamless wireless charging capabilities.
OBJECTS OF INVENTION:
The primary objective of this invention is to develop a Solid-State Transformer (SST)-Based Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System for Electric Vehicles (EVs) that ensures high efficiency, reliability, and bidirectional power flow. The system aims to enhance charging efficiency by utilizing a multi-level SST architecture with soft-switching techniques (ZVS/ZCS), significantly reducing power losses. It enables seamless WPT through resonant inductive coupling, allowing for efficient, contactless power transfer. The invention also incorporates an adaptive energy management system (EMS) that dynamically optimizes power distribution from the grid, renewables, and storage systems based on real-time demand. With bidirectional power flow capabilities, the system supports both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations, enhancing grid stability. To ensure uninterrupted charging, the design features fault-tolerant control with predictive fault detection and redundant SST modules. The compact and scalable architecture makes it suitable for large-scale EV charging infrastructure, while dynamic power flow regulation reduces harmonics and voltage fluctuations, improving overall power quality. Additionally, the system guarantees secure and interference-free wireless charging through real-time feedback control, making it a reliable and future-ready solution for EV charging networks.
1. System Architecture:
The Solid-State Transformer (SST)-Based Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System for EVs features a multi-level SST architecture that efficiently converts grid AC power into high-frequency AC for wireless charging. The system uses resonant inductive coupling to transfer power between the ground-based transmitter and the EV's onboard receiver. An adaptive energy management system (EMS) dynamically regulates power flow, optimizing charging efficiency and supporting bidirectional operations (G2V and V2G). This architecture ensures reliable, efficient, and scalable wireless EV charging with enhanced grid stability.
The proposed SST-based WPT system for EV charging consists of the following key components:
a) Solid-State Transformer (SST):
• Converts medium-voltage AC to high-frequency AC for WPT operations.
• Uses multi-level power conversion to reduce harmonic distortion.
• Supports high-frequency switching for compact, efficient power transfer.
• Ensures efficient bidirectional power flow for G2V and V2G operations.
b) Wireless Power Transfer Module:
• Includes primary and secondary coils with resonant coupling.
• Operates at high-frequency resonant mode for maximum efficiency.
• Provides high-power density for fast EV charging.
• Ensures minimal transmission losses with adaptive impedance matching.
c) Adaptive Energy Management System (EMS):
• Dynamically balances power distribution between the grid, renewables, and EVs.
• Utilizes real-time load forecasting and dynamic pricing optimization.
• Ensures optimal energy flow and grid stability.
d) Fault-Tolerant Control Module:
• Integrates predictive fault detection algorithms.
• Ensures automatic switching to redundant SST modules during failures.
• Includes self-healing capabilities for continuous charging.

e) Bidirectional Power Flow Control:
• Supports both G2V and V2G operations.
• Injects excess EV battery power into the grid during low demand.
• Improves grid stability and optimizes energy usage.
2. Operational Workflow:
The Solid-State Transformer (SST)-Based Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System ensures efficient and bidirectional EV charging through a structured process. It begins with medium-voltage AC input from the grid or renewable sources, which is converted to high-frequency AC using the SST. The wireless power transfer module then transmits energy to the EV using resonant inductive coupling, where the onboard receiver converts it into DC for battery charging.
The Energy Management System (EMS) dynamically regulates power flow between the grid, EVs, and renewables, optimizing efficiency. Integrated fault detection mechanisms identify failures, activating redundant SST modules for uninterrupted operation. The system also supports bidirectional power flow, enabling Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) charging during off-peak hours and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) energy transfer when grid demand is high, improving overall grid stability.
a) Power Source Input:
• The system receives medium-voltage AC power from the grid or renewable sources (e.g., solar, wind).
b) Solid-State Transformer (SST) Conversion:
• AC-DC Conversion: Converts medium-voltage AC to DC using rectifiers.
• DC-AC Conversion: Converts DC to high-frequency AC for wireless transfer using inverters.
c) Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Module:
• The high-frequency AC is transmitted via resonant inductive coupling between the primary (transmitter) and secondary (receiver) coils.
• Adaptive impedance matching optimizes power transfer efficiency.
d) Onboard EV Charging System:
• The EV receives power via the secondary coil and converts high-frequency AC back to DC.
• Battery management system (BMS) controls the charging process based on state-of-charge (SoC).
e) Energy Management System (EMS):
• Dynamically adjusts power flow between the grid, EVs, and renewable sources.
• Implements real-time load balancing and dynamic pricing optimization.
f) Fault Detection and Recovery:
• Predictive fault detection ensures early identification of failures.
• Redundant SST modules activate automatically to prevent downtime.
g) Bidirectional Power Flow (V2G/G2V):
• G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle): Charges EVs when grid demand is low.
• V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): Supplies power back to the grid during peak demand, improving grid stability.
E. NOVELTY:
a) SST-Based Wireless Charging:
• Combines SST and WPT for efficient, high-frequency, and high-power EV charging.
• Ensures lower power losses and improved reliability.
b) Bidirectional Power Flow:
• Supports G2V and V2G operations.
• Enhances grid stability and optimizes energy usage.
c) Fault-Tolerant Architecture:
• Includes redundant SST modules with predictive fault detection.
• Ensures continuous operation with self-healing capabilities.
d) Dynamic EMS:
• Real-time energy management with load forecasting.
• Ensures optimal power distribution between grid, renewables, and EVs.
 
, Claims:1. A Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System for Electric Vehicles (EVs), comprising: multi-level SST architecture, an adaptive energy management system (EMS) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) charging and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation.
2. The system as claimed as claim 1, wherein the system aims to enhance charging efficiency by utilizing a multi-level SST architecture with soft-switching techniques (ZVS/ZCS), significantly reducing power losses.
3. The system as claimed as claim 1, wherein the system features a multi-level SST architecture that efficiently converts grid AC power into high-frequency AC for wireless charging.
4. The system as claimed as claim 1, wherein the system uses resonant inductive coupling to transfer power between the ground-based transmitter and the EV's onboard receiver.
5. The system as claimed as claim 1, wherein the adaptive energy management system (EMS) dynamically regulates power flow, optimizing charging efficiency and supporting bidirectional operations (G2V and V2G).
6. The system as claimed as claim 1, wherein the system supports bidirectional power flow, enabling Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) charging during off-peak hours and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) energy transfer when grid demand is high, improving overall grid stability.