Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to Advanced Wireless Power Transfer (WPTS) System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
EV industry expansion requires improved efficiency as well as user-friendly solutions for charging electric vehicles. Traditional wired charging stations need manual plug-in operations that are both difficult to handle and vulnerable to environmental threats in addition to their aging infrastructure. The Wireless Power Transfer System (WPT) brings a game-changing answer through electromagnetic inductive links or resonant inductive coupling that enables EVs to start charging automatically when positioned above the charging pad. The proposed design implements a Wireless Power Transfer System (WPTS) for EV Charging through Arduino and ultrasonic sensors and relays and an LCD to build an automatic charging system. The ultrasonic sensors recognize the EV presence and then direct the proper charging pad alignment and the relay module supervises electricity movements. Real-time EV charging data is processed by the Arduino microcontroller which displays the information through the LCD. This prototype functions as an initial demonstration to combine WPT technology with EV charging infrastructure while providing users better convenience reduced maintenance costs and higher charging safety through contactless power delivery. The executed implementation of this system will establish methods for progressing wireless EV charging infrastructure development.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
The wireless charging system features the Arduino Uno R3 which performs operations with its ATmega328P microcontroller. All system components operate under the Arduino Uno R3 while executing the charging sequence. Electric power enters Arduino through its 5V DC supply which provides voltage to all components linked through the breadboard starting with the ultrasonic sensors and 5V relay module and ending with the LCD. The EV detection by the installed ultrasonic sensors triggers an input signal that reaches the Arduino. The Arduino device initiates the relay operation to enable electrical power transmission to the transmitting coil. A magnetic field that alternates in strength emerges from this coil to make the receiving coil produce electrical voltage thus enabling wireless power transmission to the Electric Vehicle battery. The LCD shows an immediate status report about the current charging process. From Fig.1, the system enables fast and automatic EV charging without human intervention through its contactless operation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
Fig.1. Introduced structure of the wireless power transfer network for EV systems
The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The wireless charging system features the Arduino Uno R3 which performs operations with its ATmega328P microcontroller. All system components operate under the Arduino Uno R3 while executing the charging sequence. Electric power enters Arduino through its 5V DC supply which provides voltage to all components linked through the breadboard starting with the ultrasonic sensors and 5V relay module and ending with the LCD. The EV detection by the installed ultrasonic sensors triggers an input signal that reaches the Arduino. The Arduino device initiates the relay operation to enable electrical power transmission to the transmitting coil. A magnetic field that alternates in strength emerges from this coil to make the receiving coil produce electrical voltage thus enabling wireless power transmission to the Electric Vehicle battery. The LCD shows an immediate status report about the current charging process. From Fig.1, the system enables fast and automatic EV charging without human intervention through its contactless operation.
Transmitting and Receiving Coil Design:
The Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system functions through electromagnetic induction that allows transmitting coils to create alternating magnetic fields which produce voltage in receiving coils for wireless power transfer. Each primary side transmitting coil in the WPT system contains a 24 AWG copper wire structure that uses twenty-four turns of the same characteristics as the receiving coil terminals. The coil design contains a central connection point at turn number 12 that forms three accessible terminals from the first turn to the 12th turn to the 24th turn. Relay control through an output manages the connection of positive supply to the center tap terminal while the starting terminal branches through a 516Ω resistor to the transistor base and the ending terminal reaches the transistor emitter. The transistor has its collector terminal connected to the ground. Power reaches the center tap of the transmitting coil after relay activation begins. The transistor operates as a control device to allow alternating current (AC) flow through the coil thus producing an alternating magnetic field. More than just essential for wireless power transfer lies the alternating magnetic field because it creates receiving coil voltage which makes contactless power delivery possible.
The receiving coil located on electric vehicles conducts oscillating magnetic field energy from the transmitting coil. To ensure efficient energy transfer the receiving coil contains 24 AWG copper wire with 24 turns that match exactly with the transmitting coil. The receiving coil connects its positive and negative terminals to different battery terminals respectively. During alternating magnetic field generation by the transmitting coil, a receiving coil produces an induced voltage that enables battery charging to occur for seamless wireless power operations.
Components list and its uses:
• Arduino Uno R3 – Controls the circuit based on the programmed code.
• LCD (16×2) – Displays the charging slot status for user convenience.
• 10k Potentiometer – Adjusts the contrast of the LCD.
• Breadboard – Helps organize and simplify the circuit connections.
• Ultrasonic Sensors – Detect the vehicle and trigger the relay to switch on.
• Relay Modules – Act as switching devices to control power flow in the circuit.
• Resistors – Prevent overheating and protect components like LEDs.
• Jumper Wires – Establish electrical connections between components.
• LED – Connected to the receiving coil to indicate coil operation.
• KTN2222 Transistor – Amplifies current for circuit operation.
• Copper Wire (24 AWG) – Used to construct the transmitting and receiving coils for wireless power transfer.
Implementation & Testing
A wireless charging system requires the integration of main components which include Arduino together with ultrasonic sensors LCD relay module and power transfer coils. The charging pad contains a transmitting coil that operates beneath its surface and the receiving coil is integrated inside the EV model to optimize wireless power transfer. When powered on the system activates the Arduino to start operating while displaying system status through the LCD. After detecting the EV presence with the ultrasonic sensors the Arduino system sends a control signal to the relay unit which activates the transmitting coil. A magnetic field with alternating currents emanates from the transmitting coil which induces electrical voltage at the receiving coil to achieve power transfer. When power transfer succeeds the LED indicator connected to the receiving coil turns on. The system's functioning during testing shows that it discovers EVs properly while activating their charging mechanism and conducts wireless power transmission within specified ranges. The relay module demonstrates successful power regulation abilities to the transmitter coil which results in an efficient system operation.
Results & Analysis
Wireless charging system performance depends on the alignment between coils as well as the distance between them. The power transfer efficiency directly depends on coil alignment since any alignment issues weaken system performance. Electrical performance parameters of the receiver coil are sensitive to its position regarding the transmitter coil thus emphasizing the need for accurate alignment to maximize energy transfer effectiveness. The system performs rapid switching at the relay to handle power control functions with high efficiency. The system efficiency decreases substantially whenever the coils become misaligned which leads to unreliable power transfer. This prototype design transfers low-voltage power only so it cannot effectively handle high-power operations. Wireless power transfer using induction by this system has limited capabilities in extending operating distances beyond those achievable by commercial high-frequency wireless power applications.
Future Scope
The wireless power transfer system operates efficiently in electric vehicle (EV) charging situations because of its practical applications. The wireless technology enables automated wireless vehicle charging at public and private stations without the requirement of manual plugging. The wireless power transfer system can work with smart parking systems to enable proper smart grid coordination for superior energy management. The technology enables wireless power distribution to increase automated robot and autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) functionality in industrial premises thereby improving warehouse and factory operational efficiency. Future improvements to resonant inductive coupling technology will boost power efficiency measures that complement optimized coil design expansion of charging distances. AI-based alignment systems enable automatic vehicle positioning which produces precise coil alignment to enhance efficient energy transfer between devices. Research in high-frequency wireless power transfer development will produce efficient charging solutions that can enhance the adoption of the technology on a widespread basis.
Conclusion
The project proves the feasibility of a Wireless Power Transfer System (WPTS) for EV Charging by using Arduino devices along with relay modules ultrasonic sensors and an LCD. The system detects EVs through its sensing mechanism which activates the relay device to start the wireless charging process based on electromagnetic induction. This prototype implementation shows how contactless EV charging technology functions by eliminating cabled connections to achieve better user convenience. Future developments will enhance the operational efficiency of this system for practical EV charging solutions by improving power levels while extending range capability. The proposed work establishes future-generation intelligent smart EV charging technology that eliminates conventional plug-in techniques for the development of automatic wireless intelligent charging systems.
 
, Claims:1. A Wireless Charging System, comprising: an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller, one or more ultrasonic sensors, a relay module, a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, and an LCD display.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic sensors detect the presence of an electric vehicle and generate an input signal transmitted to the Arduino Uno R3 to initiate the charging process.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmitting coil generates an alternating magnetic field when energized, inducing a voltage in the receiving coil positioned within the vehicle, thereby enabling wireless power transfer.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Arduino Uno R3, upon receiving the input signal from the ultrasonic sensors, activates a 5V relay module to control the power supply to the transmitting coil.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein 5V DC power source supplies electrical power to the Arduino Uno R3 and all connected peripheral components via a shared breadboard distribution.