Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to Design and Development of a Small-Scale Wind Turbine for Residential Applications with Single Stage Inverter.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The wind turbine project derives its foundation from renewable energy principles and from requirements to obtain different electricity-generating methods. Wind power has emerged as a trustworthy and environmentally beneficial solution to match clean sustainable energy requirements as the demand intensifies. The miniaturized wind energy systems prove suitable for remote areas as well as marginalized rural areas and stand as an additional power source besides conventional energy system. The project initiation involved studying fundamental wind energy conversion principles during background research. Various turbine structures went through research scrutiny which led to the selection of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) because of their successful performance combined with superior efficiency capabilities. Scientists investigated two aspects of blade construction to achieve successful aerodynamics and dependable rotational performance by selecting materials designing blade forms and achieving perfect balance. A permanent magnet alternator functions as an essential part since it generates power at low wind velocity. The system had electrical devices such as rectifiers combined with charge controllers to manage appropriately the stored electricity from generations. The engineers mounted the turbine unit at a tall height that allowed it to face continuous smooth wind flow while deflecting high-speed and turbulent wind patterns. The practical tests applied to system components required designers to make regular performance indicator adjustments concerning output voltage rotational speed and system stability. The project showcases how properly designed projects combined with technological research and steady optimization result in successful wind power deployments.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IICPE.2014.7115782 disclosed application of power electronics in machine control facilitates emulation of practical wind turbine characteristics using electric machine. In this paper, to test and evaluate the performance of newly developed control schemes for the efficient operation of wind energy conversion system, an in-lab small-scale wind turbine simulator has been developed using a separately excited DC motor coupled to a permanent magnet synchronous generator. Steady state characteristics and dynamic behavior of the practical wind turbine are satisfactorily reproduced by the DC motor. Steady state characteristics like tip speed ratio versus coefficient of power, rotor speed versus turbine output power and dynamic response during furling mechanism at high wind velocities are emulated from the developed wind turbine simulator. The simulator system is tested in response to the wind profile data recorded in the field at the hub height of 18.5 meters. The developed wind turbine simulator can be used to represent wind energy conversion system in the process of the development of in-lab microgrid system.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PETPES47060.2019.9003999 disclosed design of a small-scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) which is having combined characteristics of Savonius and Darrieus wind turbines for is presented. Increasing demand for electrical energy in remote areas enabled the need for energy sources such as wind energy. Remote residential areas require small amount of energy for their household applications such as lighting. To meet this requirement a low-speed hybrid VAWT is designed. Different VAWT rotor designs commonly used for low speeds were analysed. The analyses lead to the requirement of a combined design which is having advantages of both Savonius and Darrieus models. At lower wind speeds, the Savonius model is self-starting and creates high torque. The Darrieus model is not self-starting, but has higher efficiency compared to the Savonius model. The combined design with advantages of these two models increases the power generation capacity at lower wind speeds
None of the prior art indicate above either alone or in combination with one another disclose what the present invention has disclosed. This invention relates to Design and Development of a Small-Scale Wind Turbine for Residential Applications with Single Stage Inverter
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
The proposed wind energy solution turns wind power into electricity through an economical design with high operational efficiency. The device starts its functional process through the adoption of PVC pipe blades because such pipes excel at DIY projects because they have low prices and formability advantages. The blades of the apparatus adjust their position according to wind flow to collect kinetic energy that motivates their circular rotation for transforming wind energy into mechanical rotational motion. The rotor hub transfers mechanical power that originates in rotating blades to the center shaft to power the Permanent Magnet Alternator (PMA). Electric power originates from the Permanent Magnet Alternator while this component transforms mechanical power into electric power. The rotating motion of the turbine activates the alternator through its magnetic field as well as electromagnetic elements to generate AC electricity during operation. After exiting the device, the alternative current energy goes to a bridge rectifier unit for conversion into direct current (DC). The process of converting direct current into alternating current (DC to AC) serves as a basic need since electronic components along with batteries need to work with direct current power. Extra power quality enhancement takes place through capacitor operation because these components regulate electrical signals to minimize spikes in voltage before passing electrical signals to storage and control units.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
FIGURE 1: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
Fig.1. Introduced structure of the system
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Working Principle of Small-Scale Wind System:
The proposed wind energy solution turns wind power into electricity through an economical design with high operational efficiency. The device starts its functional process through the adoption of PVC pipe blades because such pipes excel at DIY projects because they have low prices and formability advantages. The blades of the apparatus adjust their position according to wind flow to collect kinetic energy that motivates their circular rotation for transforming wind energy into mechanical rotational motion. The rotor hub transfers mechanical power that originates in rotating blades to the center shaft to power the Permanent Magnet Alternator (PMA). Electric power originates from the Permanent Magnet Alternator while this component transforms mechanical power into electric power. The rotating motion of the turbine activates the alternator through its magnetic field as well as electromagnetic elements to generate AC electricity during operation. After exiting the device, the alternative current energy goes to a bridge rectifier unit for conversion into direct current (DC). The process of converting direct current into alternating current (DC to AC) serves as a basic need since electronic components along with batteries need to work with direct current power. Extra power quality enhancement takes place through capacitor operation because these components regulate electrical signals to minimize spikes in voltage before passing electrical signals to storage and control units.
Power from the rectifier sends electricity to the charge controller while it regulates both voltage and current levels before reaching the battery bank. The protective measure guards batteries against receiving large charges as it ensures their long-lasting performance and safeguards them from getting damaged. A battery bank brings maximum efficiency because it stores electrical energy which ensures power remains accessible as wind speed decreases. The system contains an inverter that converts stored DC power to AC electricity to power AC devices. The efficiency of the turbine system improves because placing it high on a tower or pole lets it reach continuous wind flow. The additional height of installation decreases system exposure to dangerous ground-based obstacles resulting in increased performance. The turbine adopts its wind-facing position by using a tail vane like a weather vane to guarantee the best alignment with the wind flow. Well-wired structural elements throughout the system ensure safe electricity transmission from every point to point. This wind energy system includes easily interchangeable modules for its small-scale renewable applications and aligns sustainability goals with functional efficiency and broad accessibility of the technology.
Implementation and Testing:
Wind turbine project developers executed its operational implementation by building mechanical systems and then intersecting electrical wiring between them. Location selection for the turbine site began with the identification of wind-prone open spaces that were free from interference. Engineers shaped PVC pipes into wind-shaping designs to reach balanced rotation when capturing wind energy. A permanent magnet alternator (PMA) received installation onto a shaft by connecting to the rotor hub that contained the blade arrangement.
For better wind power reach the entire turbine assembly needed to be placed on elevated towers beyond ground level. An extendable tail vane allowed the turbine to stay pointed properly toward the wind direction. The bridge rectifier converted the Alternator AC output into usable DC electrical power. The produced DC power needed to be managed by a charge controller for distributing power to connected battery systems. During system upgrades the inverter component transformed into an extra accessory for DC to AC conversion to operate conventional household devices. The tests for the turbine involved blade observations and electrical production data collection at various wind speed points. During circuit tracing operations a multimeter served to measure current along with voltage. Due to proper feedback devices, the integrity checks of blades monitored both excessive movements between blades and any detected vibrations. The battery bank maintained steady energy storage by continuous monitoring of its charging operations. The test evaluated power delivery reliability by connecting lights with small household appliances to the system. Several continuous mechanical stability and electrical safety examinations happened during the system's testing period.
The assessments confirmed that the turbine successfully collected wind energy while operating effectively without depending on a power grid. Connection. The wind turbine project demonstrated that correctly selected small-scale wind energy systems yield functional electrical power by following strategic implementation steps. The testing period verified that the turbine started generating electrical voltage at minimum wind speed which proved that the designed blades matched well with the permanent magnet alternator (PMA). The system provided dependable output based on growing wind speed measurements since both flight aerodynamics and rotor engineering operated faultlessly. Energy flowed reliably from the rectifier-produced AC power at the alternator terminals into the battery bank. The long-term preservation of battery health depended on an effective charge controller that stopped overcharging while maintaining steady voltage levels.
The wind energy system managed to accumulate sufficient electricity at moderate wind speed levels to activate small DC devices that powered lighting fixtures and fan equipment. The device connects storage systems which permits the transferred power to function air conditioners with minimal watt usage. The maximum efficiency of the turbine occurred when it ran from a tall sturdy tower placed in open terrain. The location at greater heights minimized wind disturbances which allowed the blades to maintain continuous rotational movement. The system functioned efficiently despite low wind speeds although the energy generation decreased which maintained its role both as an independent power source as well as the backup system. Maintenance costs were affordable because the wind machine operated mechanically well while its simple electrical circuit existed alongside its sturdy structure.
Applications and Future Scope:
Small-scale wind turbines effectively serve power-constrained areas that have unstable electricity supply from traditional networks. The technology system functions most effectively when applied to rural residences and agricultural sites and remote climate tracking infrastructure along with self-sustainable homes. These systems supply power that enables the operation of lighting equipment and supports system charging for backup batteries and appliance use and running of low-power electronic devices. Wind turbines working alongside solar panels in hybrid systems maintain continuous power output regardless of environmental conditions. Field experts expect miniature wind turbine technology to experience a prosperous future. The power systems demonstrate increasing potential for clean renewable energy applications as both domestic energy solutions and community power resources because renewable energy demands grow stronger. Technological innovations to generators and blades and electronic control gear systems will result in higher operational performance together with better reliability. Combining IoT monitoring systems with automatic load-balancing features through smart technology implementation would make these systems better at adapting and working efficiently. The installation of small turbine systems for generating power near local communities can create sustainable growth and decrease national reliance on traditional fossil fuels. Future energy infrastructure development benefits from small wind turbine advancements because of technological progress together with government renewable energy backing and market cost reductions.
Conclusion:
The creation of small-scale wind turbine technology shows sustainable wind-powered power generation can become both practical and independent at an important scale. The system showed effectiveness and reliability in converting wind kinetic power into electrical energy through conceptual design together with component selection and testing. The experimental project demonstrated how affordable components can be used to build small wind turbines and which key components are essential for operational success such as blade engineering and electrical control systems and supporting structure construction. Small wind turbines have been proven to supply effective renewable energy solutions across remote and off-grid areas if performance relies on necessary environmental factors including site placement and wind speed. The project solidifies the necessity to advance wind power innovation because it helps drive broader acceptance of wind energy technologies for a sustainable energy system. 
, Claims:1.A small-scale wind turbine system for residential applications comprising:
One or more wind-capturing blades formed from PVC pipes configured to rotate in response to wind flow;
A rotor hub mechanically coupled to said blades;
A center shaft connected to said rotor hub for transferring rotational motion;
A permanent magnet alternator (PMA) mechanically coupled to said center shaft for converting mechanical rotational motion into AC electrical power;
A bridge rectifier electrically connected to the output of said PMA for converting said AC electrical power into DC electrical power; and
A single-stage inverter electrically connected to the output of said bridge rectifier for converting said DC electrical power into AC electrical power suitable for residential use.
A tail vane configured to orient the wind-capturing blades to face the direction wind flow.
A charge controller electrically connected between said bridge rectifier and a battery bank for regulating the voltage and current supplied to said battery bank.
A battery bank electrically connected to said charge controller for storing DC electrical power.
2. The small-scale wind turbine system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more capacitors electrically connected to the output of said bridge rectifier for enhancing power quality by minimizing voltage spikes.
3. The small-scale wind turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said single-stage conversion unit includes a bridge rectifier for AC to DC conversion and a following inverter for DC to AC conversion.
4. A method of generating electrical power for residential applications using a small-scale wind turbine as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising:
Capturing wind energy using one or more rotatable blades;
Converting the captured wind energy into mechanical rotational motion;
Using a permanent magnet alternator (PMA) to convert the mechanical rotational motion into AC electrical power, further rectifying the AC electrical power from the PMA into DC electrical power before inversion to AC electrical power r; and
Converting the generated AC electrical power into AC electrical power suitable for residential use via a single-stage inverter.