Description: Description:
Background of the Invention:
The rapid rise of population coupled with increased industrialization causes severe environment pollution especially water resources. Dyes, which are organic chemical compounds present in the waste water discharged from various industries including textiles, dyeing, printing, and paper etc., are considered to be one of the major pollutants. Even though the removal of dyes from waste water is a complicated task, several physical, chemical and biological methods such as cloud point extraction, oxidation processes, coagulation flocculation, and adsorption have been used for the removal of colored dyes from wastewater. Here we can using SERS technique for the Dye detection.
Summary of the Invention:
The synthesis of EG samples were carried out with three different types of oxidant materials (HNO3, KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7) and intercalate material (HClO4). The order of mixing is NFG: Perchloric acid: nitric acid (or potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate) with weight ratio of 1:1:0.2 for each EG sample.
Raw materials:
Natural flake graphite (NFG), perchloric acid (HClO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) (or potassium permanganate (KMNO4) or potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).
Sample preparation:
Natural flake graphite (NFG), perchloric acid (HClO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) (or potassium permanganate (KMNO4) or potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was mixed in a weight ratio (1:1:0.2) using glass rod in a glass beaker for 10s result in formation of GIC. Approximately 1g of GIC was taken in a glass beaker and directly placed into a domestic microwave oven (LG) operated at 700W for 60s. Microwave irradiation shows fuming and sparking of GIC and resulted in formation of EG.
Studies on EG'sand SERS
An in-plane thermal, mechanical and electrical performance of FGS based on HClO4-GIC prepared with three different oxidant materials was studied. Exceptional negative thermal expansion behaviour of all three types of FGS was studied from room temperature to 1000C. The maximum in-plane tensile strength and electrical conductivity of FGS prepared with EG-HNO3, EG-KMnO4 and EG-K2Cr2O7 are 17.10 MPa, 14.50 MPa, 12.40 MPa, 1526 S/cm, 2230 S/cm, and 1947 S/cm, respectively. The EG with high EV has high surface area and the EG with high surface area having high tensile strength but the EG with high EV has less electrical conductivity. Accordion like structured EG worms; fractured and surface morphology of the FGS was studied with SEM. This low cost and simple processing FGS prepared with EG consuming less energy could be used as commercial materials for various applications.Moreover, the compressed form of EG called FGS facilitates excellent m SERS activity for trace detection of R6G where the detection limit can reach to 10-8mol/L. The good homogeneity, reproducibility and long-term stability of SERS signals reveal that the FGS could be used as a promising SERS substrate.Therefore, the high adsorption capacity and very low SERS detection based on unique structured EG materials are a promising potential for organic dye wastewater treatment and other applications.
, Claims:Claim:
1. In the present work, we report the synthesis of low-cost, rapid, and efficient production of exfoliated graphite (EG) under microwave irradiation at 700W in 1min asan excellent dye adsorbent material.
2. Synthesized exfoliated graphite worms (powder particles) were compressed into sheets named flexible graphite sheets (FGS) havinga density of 1.4 gm/cm3.
3. The through-plane thermal conductivity, tensile strength in the rolling direction and in-plane electrical conductivity of the FGS was measured
4. It was further used as Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates to detect water foiling for various dyes at lower concentrations on different thicknesses of density 1.
5. FGS demonstrate the highest SERS for R6G molecules up to detection limit of 10-8mol/L without and gives lower for methylene blue dye without nanoparticle incorporation for 0.3 thickness.