Description:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of pest control and agricultural biotechnology, in specific, relates to a biodegradable composition that effectively controls rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex, which is non-toxic to plants and environment while integrating with food materials for efficient application in domestic and agricultural settings.
Background of the invention:
[0002] The field of rodent control focuses on developing effective compositions to manage rodent infestations that pose threats to agriculture, domestic environments, and public health. Rodents such as rats and mice cause significant damage by consuming crops, contaminating food supplies, and spreading diseases. Traditional rodenticides rely on chemical compositions that, while effective, raise concerns regarding environmental safety, biodegradability, and long-term ecological impact.
[0003] Various approaches are explored to control rodent populations, which include synthetic chemical-based rodenticides and natural plant-derived solutions. Research into the defensive role of plant latex in pest suppression has highlighted the potential of natural compounds in controlling rodents and other pests. For instance, the study, Defensive Role of Plant Latex on Insect Pests’ Suppression, discloses the bioactive properties of latex against pests. However, this study primarily focuses on insect control rather than rodent-specific applications, leaving a gap in understanding the effectiveness of plant latex against rodents.
[0004] Prior art WO2013135617A1 discloses a rodenticidal composition using synthetic chemicals for pest control. However, this composition contains chemical compounds that are non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, potentially leading to ecological imbalance and unintended harm to non-target species. Additionally, the chemical components seep into soil and water sources, causing long-term environmental contamination.
[0005] Another prior art, FR3084561B3, describes a method for preparing rodenticidal compositions. However, this composition relies on synthetic active ingredients that pose a risk of toxicity to beneficial wildlife and pets. The use of chemical rodenticides increases the chances of secondary poisoning, where predators or scavengers consuming affected rodents may also suffer adverse effects. Furthermore, the production of these synthetic compounds involves complex chemical synthesis processes, leading to high manufacturing costs.
[0006] Existing rodenticidal compositions have several drawbacks, which include environmental harm due to non-biodegradable chemicals that disrupt ecosystems and persist in nature. They also pose risks of water contamination, as toxic compounds seep into groundwater, affecting human health and aquatic life. Additionally, high manufacturing costs arise from complex chemical synthesis, while toxicity to non-target species endangers wildlife, pets, and humans. These issues highlight the need for a safer, biodegradable, and eco-friendly alternative.
[0007] By addressing all the above-mentioned problems, there is a need for a biodegradable and eco-friendly rodenticidal composition that effectively controls rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex while being non-toxic to plants and the environment and integrating with food materials for efficient use in domestic and agricultural settings. There is also a need for a cost-effective preparation method that utilizes easily accessible Pentalinon luteum latex, reducing manufacturing complexity and expenses compared to synthetic chemical rodenticides.
[0008] There is also a need for a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that provides an organic and non-toxic alternative to conventional chemical-based rodenticides, reducing risks to non-target species that include beneficial wildlife, pets, and humans. There is also a need for a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that eliminates harmful chemicals used in existing rodenticides, thereby preventing long-term ecological damage, water contamination, and ecosystem disruption. Further, there is also a need for a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that is easy to prepare and apply, ensuring ease of use and effectiveness in controlling stray rats in households and agricultural fields without the need for specialized equipment or expertise.
Objectives of the invention:
[0009] The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that effectively controls rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex while being non-toxic to plants and the environment and integrating with food materials for efficient use in domestic and agricultural settings.
[0010] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective preparation method that utilizes easily accessible Pentalinon luteum latex, reducing manufacturing complexity and expenses compared to synthetic chemical rodenticides.
[0011] The other objective of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that provides an organic and non-toxic alternative to conventional chemical-based rodenticides, reducing risks to non-target species that include beneficial wildlife, pets, and humans.
[0012] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that eliminates harmful chemicals used in existing rodenticides, thereby preventing long-term ecological damage, water contamination, and ecosystem disruption.
[0013] Further objective of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that is easy to prepare and apply, ensuring ease of use and effectiveness in controlling stray rats in households and agricultural fields without the need for specialized equipment or expertise.
Summary of the invention:
[0014] The present disclosure proposes a biodegradable composition for controlling rodents using pentalinon luteum latex and method of preparation. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0015] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that effectively controls rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex while being non-toxic to plants and the environment and integrating with food materials for efficient use in domestic and agricultural settings.
[0016] According to one aspect, the invention provides a biodegradable composition comprises 45 to 55 weight percentage of pentalinon luteum latex as an active rodenticidal agent, and 45 to 55 weight percentage of edible liquids as a liquid carrier and attractant. The biodegradable composition is formulated in a liquid form for controlling rodents in domestic, agricultural, and food storage environments. In one embodiment, the pentalinon luteum latex is extracted from pentalinon luteum and stored at a temperature between at least 4-8°C before use to maintain its potency. The edible liquids include milk.
[0017] In one embodiment, the biodegradable composition is also formulated in a dry powder form by drying and grinding the pentalinon luteum latex. The dry powder form of the biodegradable composition is applied by sprinkling onto bait food materials to attract and eliminate the rodents. The dry powder form of the biodegradable composition is applied directly to crops in agricultural fields to prevent rodent infestation while ensuring no adverse effects on plant health and crop yield. In one embodiment, the biodegradable composition is configured to eliminate the rodents within at least 1 hr of consumption, providing rapid rodent control.
[0018] According to another aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing the biodegradable composition. At one step, the fresh pentalinon luteum latex is extracted from the pentalinon luteum, and stored at the temperature of at least 4-8°C to maintain its bioactive properties. At one step, the extracted pentalinon luteum latex mixes with the edible liquids in at least 1:1 ratio to prepare the liquid form of the biodegradable composition for controlling rodents. At one step, the extracted pentalinon luteum latex is dried and grinded to obtain the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition, which is applied directly onto bait food materials and crops for rodent control.
[0019] In one embodiment, the liquid form and the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition are applied in domestic settings by spraying and sprinkling on food materials commonly consumed by rodents. The liquid form and the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition are applied in agricultural fields by spraying and sprinkling onto crops, ensuring effective rodent control without affecting plant growth. The biodegradable composition is configured to minimize risks to non-target species such as beneficial wildlife, pets, and humans while effectively eliminating rodent infestations.
[0020] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed description of drawings:
[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates a pictorial representation of Pentalinon luteum, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram for extracting Pentalinon luteum latex from Pentalinon luteum, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0024] FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram of a liquid form of a biodegradable composition, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0025] FIG. 3B illustrates a block diagram of a dry powder form of the biodegradable composition, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 4A illustrates a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectrum of the Pentalinon luteum latex for phytochemical profile analysis, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0027] FIG. 4B illustrates a pie chart of the distribution of various medicinally important compounds identified in the GC-MS spectrum of the Pentalinon luteum latex, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0028] FIG. 5A illustrates a spectrum of the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside named periplocymarin, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0029] FIG. 5B illustrates a spectrum of the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside named cymarin, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0030] FIG. 5C illustrates a spectrum of the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0031] FIG. 6A illustrates a pictorial representation of an LB agar plate loaded with positive control and latex samples before overnight incubation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0032] FIG. 6B illustrates a pictorial representation of an LB agar plate prepared as a negative control before overnight incubation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0033] FIG. 6C illustrates a pictorial representation of an LB agar plate containing the positive control and latex samples after overnight incubation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0034] FIG. 6D illustrates a pictorial representation of an LB agar plate maintained as a negative control after overnight incubation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0035] FIG. 7A illustrates a pictorial representation of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay setup using a 96-well plate, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0036] FIG. 7B illustrates a pictorial representation of the MTT assay results, showing the treated and control wells at different stages of incubation and staining, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0037] FIG. 8A illustrates a pictorial representation of bait preparation by the addition of latex to a food substrate, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0038] FIG. 8B illustrates a pictorial representation of the final bait formulation, thoroughly mixed and ready for use in rodent cages, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0039] FIG. 9A illustrates a pictorial representation of a live domestic rodent inside a commercially available cage that did not receive latex-containing food, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0040] FIG. 9B illustrates a pictorial representation of a dead domestic rodent that is found inside a commercially available cage after consuming bait containing Pentalinon luteum latex, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0041] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method for preparing the biodegradable composition, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0042] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.
[0043] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a biodegradable and eco-friendly composition that effectively controls rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex while being non-toxic to plants and the environment and integrating with food materials for efficient use in domestic and agricultural settings.
[0044] According to one example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to a pictorial representation of Pentalinon luteum 10. In one embodiment herein, the Pentalinon luteum 10 appears as a flowering ornamental shrub commonly known as wild allamanda, classified under the Apocynaceae family. The Pentalinon luteum 10 features twining stems, glossy green leaves, and bright yellow flowers, often reaching climbing heights up to at least 5 m. The vibrant appearance of the Pentalinon luteum 10 suits it for decorative landscaping and garden environments.
[0045] In one embodiment herein, the Pentalinon luteum 10 contains multiple bioactive compounds across various parts, contributing to its traditional medicinal significance. Despite its therapeutic interest, the Pentalinon luteum 10 shows toxicity, particularly toward animals, and may cause mild adverse reactions in humans, such as skin rashes or allergies upon contact. The toxicity level of the Pentalinon luteum 10 contrasts with other Apocynaceae family members, such as Nerium oleander, which demonstrates high toxicity in humans due to the presence of multiple cardiac glycosides. In contrast, Catharanthus roseus, another plant in the same family, produces important anticancer alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine. The variation in toxicity across these plants relates to differing concentrations and types of bioactive substances, especially cardiac glycosides. In the present invention, latex derived from the Pentalinon luteum 10 served as a functional component in bait preparation for rodent control, highlighting its potential for controlled pest management applications.
[0046] According to one example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 refers to a flow diagram for extracting Pentalinon luteum latex 102 from the Pentalinon luteum 10. In one embodiment herein, the Pentalinon luteum 10, a flowering plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family, serves as the primary source of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 for the biodegradable composition 100. The Pentalinon luteum 10 is a perennial vine native to tropical and subtropical regions, characterized by its bright yellow flowers and milky sap, which contains bioactive compounds known for their toxic effects on rodents. The plant thrives in well-drained soils and warm climates, making it an easily cultivable and sustainable source for latex extraction.
[0047] The process of extracting the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 involves a careful extraction method to ensure maximum yield while maintaining the integrity of the Pentalinon luteum 10. At step 202, the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 from the Pentalinon luteum 10 is obtained by breaking a section of the branch, leaf, or stem to trigger secretion of thick white latex. The secretion of the Pentalinon luteum 10 occurs at the wounded site as part of the plant’s natural defense mechanism. At step 204, a clean microcentrifuge tube 20 is aligned with the latex-exuding point on the Pentalinon luteum 10. The microcentrifuge tube 20 may be held manually or fixed in place using a sealing member 22, thereby allowing continuous collection of latex from the active site of the Pentalinon luteum 10.
[0048] At step 206, a total volume of at least 500 μl is collected inside the microcentrifuge tube 20 over a duration of at least 1 hr. Fresh Pentalinon luteum latex 102 either proceeds directly into experimental use or remains stored at a temperature of at least 4 °C until further use to save the freshness. Prolonged storage of Pentalinon luteum latex 102 at room temperature leads to visible separation of a watery layer from the white emulsion within 15–20 min. Though mixing of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 restores uniformity, some compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 likely settle out and do not redissolve, altering latex characteristics. Refrigeration of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 at a temperature of at least 4 °C prevents the separation and maintains consistency.
[0049] In one embodiment herein, the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is obtained by making small incisions on the stems and branches of the Pentalinon luteum 10 using a sterilized sharp blade or scalpel. The incisions facilitate the controlled exudation of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 from the stems and branches of the Pentalinon luteum 10. The Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is then extracted into the microcentrifuge tube 20. To preserve the freshness and potency of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102, the extracted material is immediately stored in a refrigerated environment at a temperature range of at least 4-8°C. The refrigeration of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 prevents premature coagulation and degradation of the bioactive compounds present in the Pentalinon luteum latex 102.
[0050] Furthermore, the extraction process is performed under hygienic conditions to minimize contamination and ensure consistency in formulation of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. The Pentalinon luteum 10 is selected at an optimal growth stage to ensure the highest concentration of active compounds, maximizing the efficacy of the biodegradable composition 100. The extracted Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is then used directly and processed into a powdered form, depending on the intended application in domestic and agricultural settings.
[0051] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3A refers to a block diagram of a liquid form of the biodegradable composition 100. In one embodiment herein, the biodegradable and eco-friendly composition 100 effectively controls rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex 102 while being non-toxic to plants and the environment and integrating with food materials for efficient use in domestic and agricultural settings. The biodegradable and eco-friendly composition 100 provides an organic and non-toxic alternative to conventional chemical-based rodenticides, reducing risks to non-target species that include beneficial wildlife, pets, and humans.
[0052] In one embodiment herein, the biodegradable composition 100 comprises 45 to 55 weight percentage of Pentalinon luteum latex 102 as an active rodenticidal agent, and 45 to 55 weight percentage of edible liquids 104 as a liquid carrier and attractant. The biodegradable composition 100 is formulated in a liquid form for controlling rodents in domestic, agricultural, and food storage environments. In one embodiment, the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is extracted from Pentalinon luteum 10 and stored at a temperature between at least 4-8°C to preserve its potency before use. The Pentalinon luteum latex 102 and at least one edible liquid 104 are mixed in a minimum ratio of 1:1. At least one edible liquid 104 includes milk. In one embodiment herein, the liquid form of the biodegradable composition 100 is configured to eliminate the rodents within at least 1 hr of consumption, providing rapid rodent control.
[0053] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3B refers to a block diagram of a dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100. In one embodiment herein, the biodegradable composition 100 is also formulated in the dry powder form by drying and grinding the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. The dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100 is applied by sprinkling onto bait food materials to attract and eliminate the rodents. The dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100 is applied directly to crops in agricultural fields to prevent rodent infestation while ensuring no adverse effects on plant health and crop yield. In one embodiment herein, the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100 is configured to eliminate the rodents within at least 1 hr of consumption, providing rapid rodent control.
[0054] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4A refers to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectrum 400 of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 for phytochemical profile analysis. In one embodiment herein, freshly collected the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 undergoes direct injection into a GC-MS system for detailed compositional analysis. The resulting chromatogram is shown in FIG. 4A presents a complex phytochemical profile with the detection of 161 distinct compounds within the extract of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102.
[0055] In one embodiment herein, literature-based identification of the compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 confirms biological relevance, where 15 compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 show antimicrobial activity, 9 compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 demonstrate antifungal properties, 14 compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 exhibit anticancer potential, 13 compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 possess antioxidant effects, 14 compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 contribute to anti-inflammatory response, and 2 compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 belong to the class of cardiac glycosides. Such profiling confirms the therapeutic potential of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 for pharmaceutical applications and supports further investigation into the active molecular constituents of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102.
[0056] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4B refers to a pie chart 402 of the distribution of various medicinally important compounds identified in the GC-MS spectrum of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. In one embodiment herein, a first chart 404 visually summarizes the percentage composition of six categories of bioactive compounds present in the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. Antibacterial compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 occupy the largest portion, contributing 24 percent of the total identified compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. Antifungal agents of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 account for 22 percent, while anticancer-related constituents of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 represent 21 percent. Antioxidant compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 with 19 percent, followed by anti-inflammatory agents of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 with 14 percent.
[0057] In one embodiment herein, a second pie chart 404, isolates and highlights two specific categories, anti-inflammatory and cardiac glycoside compounds of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. In this focused view, the anti-inflammatory constituents of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 contribute 21 percent, while cardiac glycosides form a smaller but significant fraction of 3 percent. In one embodiment herein, the pie chart 402 reinforces the bioactivity profile of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 and illustrates the potential of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 in antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiac-supportive therapeutic applications.
[0058] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5A refers to a spectrum 500 of the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside named periplocymarin. In one embodiment herein, the spectrum 500 shows the fragmentation pattern of periplocymarin obtained through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The periplocymarin has a molecular formula of C₃₀H₄₆O₈ and a molecular weight of 534. The retention index is 4003, and the corresponding NIST library entry number is 236220. This cardiac glycoside is chemically known as 3-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-O-methylhexopyranosyl) oxy]-5,14-dihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide. Prominent peaks are observed at mass-to-charge ratios that includes 43, 87, 113, 145, 201, 262, 318, 335, and 534, indicating the presence of characteristic fragments related to the structure of periplocymarin.
[0059] In one embodiment herein, the accompanying molecular structure displayed in the spectrum 500 further confirms the compound’s identity and aids in validating its classification as a cardiac glycoside. The result of the spectrum 500 supports the therapeutic relevance of the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 in cardiovascular applications.
[0060] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5B refers to a spectrum 502 of the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside named cymarin. The spectrum 502 shows the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside named cymarin. The molecular formula of the cymarin is C₃₀H₄₄O₉, with a molecular weight of 548 and a retention index of 4191. The cymarin corresponds to the NIST library entry number 237192 and is chemically described as Card-20(22)-enolide, 3-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl) oxy]-5,14-dihydroxy-19-oxo-, (3β,5β)-. The mass spectrum 502 displays prominent fragment peaks at m/z values such as 43, 87, 113, 145, 160, 215, 229, 340, and 358, which align with the expected fragmentation pattern of cymarin.
[0061] In one embodiment herein, the structural formula presented alongside the spectrum 502 confirms its classification as a cardiac glycoside, supporting its identification and bioactivity. This finding further substantiates the pharmacological potential of Pentalinon luteum latex 102 extracts in treating cardiovascular conditions.
[0062] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5C refers to a spectrum 504 of the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside. In one embodiment herein, the spectrum 504 shows the GC-MS details of the cardiac glycoside identified as Card-20(22)-enolide, 3-[(2,6-dideoxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-methyl-β-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl) oxy]-5,14-dihydroxy-19-oxo-, (3β,5β). This compound has the molecular formula C₃₆H₅₄O₁₄, a molecular weight of 710, and a retention index of 5558, as recorded in the NIST14 library (Entry: 241505). The mass spectrum 504 displays a range of characteristic fragment ions, with notable peaks at m/z 43, 57, 81, 113, 145, and a dominant ion at m/z 87, reflecting the fragmentation pattern typical of glycosidic linkages and steroidal backbones. These fragments support the structural integrity of the glycosidic moieties and steroidal core, aligning with the expected breakdown of the compound under electron ionization. The spectrum 504 confirms the identity of the molecule as a complex cardiac glycoside, further substantiating its detection in the sample analyzed. This spectral data reinforces the presence and structure of bioactive glycosidic compounds relevant to the invention.
[0063] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6A refers to a pictorial representation 600 of an LB agar plate loaded with positive control and Latex samples before overnight incubation. In one embodiment herein, the LB agar plate is prepared by applying kanamycin as the positive control, along with two different latex samples, to assess their antibacterial activity before incubation. This setup allows for comparative evaluation of inhibitory effects under identical conditions.
[0064] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6B refers to a pictorial representation 602 of an LB agar plate prepared as a negative control before overnight incubation. In one embodiment herein, the negative control consisted of autoclaved deionized water loaded onto the agar plate without the antimicrobial agent or latex sample, serving as a baseline to observe the natural inhibition or microbial interference prior to incubation.
[0065] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6C refers to a pictorial representation 604 of an LB agar plate containing the positive control and Latex samples after overnight incubation. In one embodiment herein, the kanamycin (positive control) produced a clear and defined zone of inhibition measuring at least 38 mm, indicating strong antibacterial activity. The latex samples, by contrast, formed faint and irregular inhibition zones, suggesting limited or weak antimicrobial effects under the same incubation conditions.
[0066] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6D refers to a pictorial representation 606 of an LB agar plate maintained as a negative control after overnight incubation. In one embodiment herein, the plate loaded with autoclaved deionized water showed no visible zone of inhibition, confirming the absence of the antibacterial activity and validating the test conditions by serving as a baseline for comparison.
[0067] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7A refers to a pictorial representation 700 of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay setup using a 96-well plate. In one embodiment herein, a complete 96-well plate is utilized to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Pentalinon luteum latex 102 on mammalian cells. Fresh Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) is mixed with cells and aliquoted into designated wells, while controls received either only DMEM or DMEM with autoclaved deionized water. Latex treatment involved both concentrated and 50% diluted samples, loaded in duplicate to assess reproducibility before incubation.
[0068] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7B refers to a pictorial representation 702 of the MTT assay results, showing the treated and control wells at different stages of incubation and staining. In one embodiment herein, the close-up views of selected wells display visible differences between latex-treated and untreated cells. The pictorial representation 702 captured with illumination from both the top and the bottom before incubation showed early distinctions, while the pictorial representation 702 taken after overnight incubation at a temperature of at least 37  °C with bottom lighting revealed a pronounced color shift. This color change confirmed the cytotoxic response of mammalian cells exposed to the Pentalinon luteum latex 102.
[0069] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 8A refers to a pictorial representation 800 of bait preparation by the addition of latex to a food substrate. In one embodiment herein, pieces of bread and cake are initially arranged on a plate and divided into portions. One portion is used for mixing directly with undiluted latex, forming the experimental bait sample, while the other portion is kept aside as a negative control. The pictorial representation 800 illustrates the step in which the food substrate is actively combined with the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 to generate the bait.
[0070] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 8B refers to a pictorial representation 802 of the final bait formulation, thoroughly mixed and ready for use in rodent cages. In one embodiment herein, the pictorial representation 802 displays the completed bait composed of bread or cake fragments blended with the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. This formulation is freshly prepared prior to placement in commercially available rodent cages, where it is securely positioned to serve as bait during testing.
[0071] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 9A refers to a pictorial representation 900 of a live domestic rodent inside a commercially available cage that did not receive the latex-containing food. In one embodiment herein, the cage contains bait lacking the Pentalinon luteum latex 102, placed securely to ensure rodent access. The rodent remains alive and active after exposure to the bait, indicating no adverse effects. The setup replicates typical domestic conditions by positioning the cage in a dark corner near a kitchen area. The same conditions apply in repeated trials, confirming consistent results in the absence of latex.
[0072] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 9B refers to a pictorial representation 902 of a dead domestic rodent that is found inside a commercially available cage after consuming bait containing the Pentalinon luteum latex 102. In one embodiment herein, the bait, securely placed within the cage, includes a mixture of Pentalinon luteum latex 102 intended for rodent control. The rodent, after ingesting the latex-containing bait, lies lifeless inside the cage, demonstrating the toxic effect of the formulation. The cage occupies a dark corner near a domestic kitchen, replicating typical indoor trapping conditions. Identical results appear across repeated trials, confirming the lethal outcome of latex ingestion.
[0073] According to another example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 10 refers to a flowchart 1000 of a method for preparing the biodegradable composition 100. At step 1002, the fresh Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is extracted from the pentalinon luteum 10, and stored at the temperature of at least 4-8 °C to maintain its bioactive properties. At step 1004, the extracted Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is mixed with the edible liquids 104 in the 1:1 ratio to prepare the liquid form of the biodegradable composition 100 for controlling rodents.
[0074] In one embodiment herein, the extracted Pentalinon luteum latex 102 is dried and grinded to obtain the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100, which is applied directly onto bait food materials and crops for rodent control. In one embodiment herein, the liquid form and the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100 are applied in domestic settings by spraying and sprinkling on food materials commonly consumed by rodents. The liquid form and the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition 100 are applied in agricultural fields by spraying and sprinkling onto crops, ensuring effective rodent control without affecting plant growth. The biodegradable composition 100 is configured to minimize risks to non-target species such as beneficial wildlife, pets, and humans while effectively eliminating rodent infestations.
[0075] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure a biodegradable composition 100 for controlling rodents using Pentalinon luteum latex 102 and method of preparation, is disclosed. The proposed invention provides the biodegradable and eco-friendly composition 100 effectively controls rodents using the Pentalinon luteum latex 102 while being non-toxic to plants and the environment and integrating with food materials for efficient use in domestic and agricultural settings. The cost-effective preparation method utilizes easily accessible Pentalinon luteum latex 102, reducing manufacturing complexity and expenses compared to synthetic chemical rodenticides.
[0076] The biodegradable and eco-friendly composition 100 provides an organic and non-toxic alternative to conventional chemical-based rodenticides, reducing risks to non-target species that include beneficial wildlife, pets, and humans. The biodegradable and eco-friendly composition 100 eliminates harmful chemicals used in existing rodenticides, thereby preventing long-term ecological damage, water contamination, and ecosystem disruption. The biodegradable and eco-friendly composition 100 is easy to prepare and apply, ensuring ease of use and effectiveness in controlling stray rats in households and agricultural fields without the need for specialized equipment or expertise.
[0077] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I/We Claim:
1. A biodegradable composition (100) for controlling rodents, comprising:
45 to 55 weight percentage of pentalinon luteum latex (102) as an active rodenticidal agent; and
45 to 55 weight percentage of at least one edible liquid (104) as a liquid carrier and attractant,
wherein the biodegradable composition (100) is formulated in a liquid form for controlling the rodents in domestic, agricultural, and food storage environments.
2. The biodegradable composition (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Pentalinon luteum latex (102) is extracted from Pentalinon luteum (10) and stored at a temperature of at least 4 to 8 °C to preserve its potency before use.
3. The biodegradable composition (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Pentalinon luteum latex (102) and at least one edible liquid (104) is mixed in a minimum ratio of 1:1.
4. The biodegradable composition (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one edible liquid (104) includes milk.
5. The biodegradable composition (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biodegradable composition (100) is also formulated in a dry powder form by drying and grinding the pentalinon luteum latex (102), and
wherein the liquid form and the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition (100) are applied in domestic settings by spraying and sprinkling on food materials commonly consumed by rodents, and
wherein the liquid form and the dry powder form of the biodegradable composition (100) are applied in agricultural fields by spraying and sprinkling onto crops, ensuring effective rodent control without affecting plant growth.
6. The biodegradable composition (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biodegradable composition (100) is configured to eliminate the rodents within at least 1 hr of consumption, providing rapid rodent control.
7. A method for preparing a biodegradable composition (100), comprising:
extracting fresh pentalinon luteum latex (102) from pentalinon luteum (10) and storing the extracted pentalinon luteum latex (102) at a temperature of at least 4 to 8 °C to maintain its bioactive properties; and
mixing the extracted pentalinon luteum latex (102) with at least one edible liquid (104) in a minimum ratio of 1:1 to obtain the biodegradable composition (100) in a liquid form for controlling rodents.