Description:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies, and more particularly, to a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that monitors battery state in real-time and triggers an automatic circuit breaker to prevent overcharging, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and battery lifespan.
Background of the invention:
[0002] Wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) represents a transformative advancement in sustainable transportation, particularly by offering convenience and reducing reliance on stationary charging stations. Conventional charging systems predominantly employ plug-in mechanisms, requiring EVs to be docked at fixed charging stations for prolonged durations. Although inductive charging pads and static wireless charging technologies have emerged, they still necessitate the vehicle to remain stationary during the charging process. This results in significant downtime, especially for commercial fleets and long-distance travellers, thereby affecting operational efficiency and user convenience.
[0003] To address the limitations of static charging, the concept of Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) has been developed. In DWC, electric power is wirelessly transferred from infrastructure embedded in the road to the EV while it is in motion. This method typically utilizes Inductive Power Transfer (IPT), where alternating current in buried coils induces a magnetic field that energizes receiver coils on the vehicle, thereby converting it into direct current to charge the battery. This eliminates the need for frequent stops and promises uninterrupted travel for EV users. However, despite its advantages, current DWC systems face critical limitations related to charging control, battery safety, and energy efficiency.
[0004] Among the major shortcomings of existing DWC systems is the lack of an integrated intelligent control mechanism to halt power transfer once the battery is fully charged. Without such a system, there is a high risk of overcharging, which may degrade battery health, reduce lifecycle, and pose thermal safety risks. Most known systems rely solely on a Battery Management System (BMS) to monitor State of Charge (SOC), but they lack automated cut-off capabilities to disengage the charging system in real time. This oversight results in unnecessary energy consumption and potential hazards, especially during dynamic conditions where manual intervention is impractical.
[0005] Several prior art references attempt to enhance DWC efficiency by optimizing coil alignment, integrating supercapacitors, or leveraging renewable energy sources for wireless power transmission. Patent literature, such as CN114179645A and CN209448489U, disclose wireless charging systems with current prediction, automatic power-off features, or thyristor-based shutdown circuits. However, these are primarily oriented toward static or plug-in wireless chargers. While some systems include BMS monitoring and microcontroller-controlled switch-offs, they do not provide real-time automated disconnection of power based on SOC during dynamic motion, nor do they include a feedback mechanism to the driver indicating charging cessation.
[0006] The limitations of the aforementioned prior art indicate a clear gap in the field, such as a lack of integration between the DWC infrastructure and a responsive safety mechanism capable of acting autonomously based on real-time SOC data. Additionally, existing solutions do not effectively support Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication that is essential for responsive, context-aware energy transfer and battery protection. These deficiencies make current DWC solutions less viable for large-scale adoption and limit their use in safety-critical or high-traffic applications.
[0007] To address these limitations, there is a need for a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that monitors battery state in real-time and triggers an automatic circuit breaker to prevent overcharging, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and battery lifespan. There is also a need for a wireless charging system that integrates seamlessly with dynamic charging infrastructure and supports automated power control based on battery parameters such as state of charge, temperature, and voltage. Further, there is also a need for a wireless charging system that enables real-time communication between the vehicle and the charging infrastructure (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure or V2I), thereby allowing intelligent coordination of energy transfer, driver feedback, and adaptive charging behavior in response to driving conditions and battery health metrics.
Objectives of the invention:
[0008] The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that monitors battery state in real-time and triggers an automatic circuit breaker to prevent overcharging, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and battery lifespan.
[0009] Another objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that facilitates dynamic power transfer during vehicle motion using inductive power transfer (IPT) technology embedded within road infrastructure.
[0010] Another objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that integrates a battery management system (BMS) configured to monitor parameters such as voltage, temperature, and state of charge (SOC), and to interact with circuit protection components.
[0011] Another objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that supports Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, thereby enabling intelligent coordination and control of energy delivery in real-time.
[0012] Another objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that ensures automatic disconnection of power through an automatic circuit breaker once the battery reaches full charge, thereby eliminating the need for manual intervention.
[0013] Another objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that offers improved charging efficiency even under varying alignment conditions between transmitter and receiver coils.
[0014] Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that can adaptively manage power flow based on real-time energy demand and driving conditions, thereby optimizing energy usage.
[0015] Further objective of the invention is to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that prevents energy wastage and also prolongs the operational lifespan of the battery through intelligent energy management and feedback mechanisms.
Summary of the invention:
[0016] The present disclosure proposes a wireless charging system for electric vehicles and method of operating the same. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0017] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that monitors battery state in real-time and triggers an automatic circuit breaker to prevent overcharging, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and battery lifespan.
[0018] According to an aspect, the invention proposes a wireless charging system that integrates seamlessly with dynamic charging infrastructure and supports automated power control based on battery parameters such as state of charge, temperature, and voltage. The wireless charging system enables real-time communication between the vehicle and the charging infrastructure (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure or V2I), thereby allowing intelligent coordination of energy transfer, driver feedback, and adaptive charging behavior in response to driving conditions and battery health metrics. In one embodiment herein, the wireless charging system comprises plurality of transmitter coils, at least one receiver coil, a power conversion module, a battery management system (BMS), an automatic circuit breaker, and a microcontroller.
[0019] In one embodiment herein, the plurality of transmitter coils is embedded in a road surface. The plurality of transmitter coils is configured to generate an alternating magnetic field when energized by a power source. The plurality of transmitter coils are spaced along the road surface to enable continuous power transfer to the electric vehicle during motion, thereby extending its driving range without requiring stationary charging stations.
[0020] In one embodiment herein, the at least one receiver coil is mounted on the electric vehicle (EV). The at least one receiver coil is configured to receive the alternating magnetic field from the plurality of transmitter coils via inductive power transfer (IPT) and induce an alternating current (AC) as the electric vehicle (EV) moves over the road surface.
[0021] In one embodiment herein, the power conversion module is operatively coupled to the at least one receiver coil. The power conversion module is configured to convert the induced alternating current (AC) received from the at least one receiver coil into direct current (DC) for charging a battery of the electric vehicle (EV).
[0022] In one embodiment herein, the battery management system (BMS) is operatively connected to the battery. The battery management system (BMS) is configured to monitor one or more parameters of the battery in real-time. The one or more parameters of the batter pack include at least one of a state of charge (SOC), battery voltage, and battery temperature.
[0023] In one embodiment herein, the automatic circuit breaker is communicatively coupled to the battery management system (BMS). The automatic circuit breaker is configured to interrupt power transfer to the battery when a monitored parameter exceeds a predefined threshold, thereby preventing overcharging, overheating, or damage to the battery. The battery management system (BMS) is configured to transmit a control signal to the automatic circuit breaker to disconnect power transfer upon detecting that the battery is fully charged, thereby enhancing operational lifespan of the battery.
[0024] In one embodiment herein, the microcontroller is configured to facilitate vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication for managing charging operations dynamically. The microcontroller is configured to provide real-time alerts and feedback to a driver regarding the state of charge of the battery and operational status of the automatic circuit breaker.
[0025] In one embodiment herein, the microcontroller is configured to dynamically adjust the power output of the plurality of transmitter coils based on real-time vehicle-to-infrastructure communication data, such as vehicle speed and position, to optimize power transfer efficiency. The wireless charging system comprises a coil alignment module that is configured to detect and correct misalignment between the at least one receiver coil and the plurality of transmitter coils to minimize power loss during inductive power transfer (IPT).
[0026] According to an aspect, a method is disclosed for operating the wireless charging system. First, at one step, the power source energizes the plurality of transmitter coils embedded in a road surface to generate an alternating magnetic field. At another step, the at least one receiver coil mounted on an electric vehicle (EV) receives the alternating magnetic field from the plurality of transmitter coils via inductive power transfer (IPT) to induce the alternating current (AC) while the electric vehicle EV moves over the road surface. At another step, the power conversion module converts the induced alternating current (AC) received from the at least one receiver coil into direct current (DC) for charging the battery of the electric vehicle.
[0027] At another step, the battery management system (BMS) monitors the one or more parameters of the battery in real-time. At another step, the automatic circuit breaker interrupts power transfer to the battery when the monitored parameter exceeds a predefined threshold, thereby preventing overcharging or overheating. Further, at another step, the microcontroller provides the real-time alerts and feedback to the driver regarding the monitored parameter of the battery and status of the automatic circuit breaker.
[0028] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed description of drawings:
[0029] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.
[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless charging system, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates a method for operating the wireless charging system, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of the wireless charging system, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0033] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.
[0034] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that monitors battery state in real-time and triggers an automatic circuit breaker to prevent overcharging, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and battery lifespan.
[0035] According to an example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to a block diagram of the wireless charging system 100. In one embodiment herein, the wireless charging system 100 integrates seamlessly with dynamic charging infrastructure and supports automated power control based on battery parameters such as state of charge, temperature, and voltage. The wireless charging system 100 enables real-time communication between the vehicle and the charging infrastructure (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure or V2I), thereby allowing intelligent coordination of energy transfer, driver feedback, and adaptive charging behavior in response to driving conditions and battery health metrics. In one embodiment herein, the wireless charging system 100 comprises plurality of transmitter coils 102, at least one receiver coil 106, a power conversion module 108, a battery management system (BMS) 112, an automatic circuit breaker 114, and a microcontroller 116.
[0036] In one embodiment herein, the plurality of transmitter coils 102 is embedded within a road surface. These transmitter coils 102 are configured to be energized by a power source 104, such as an electrical grid or a renewable energy subsystem. The transmitter coils 102 generate an alternating magnetic field when the power source 104 is activated. This magnetic field serves as the medium for wireless energy transfer and forms the core mechanism behind inductive power transfer (IPT). By embedding the transmitter coils 102 within road infrastructure, the wireless charging system 100 enables seamless energy transmission to electric vehicles without the need for physical connectors or charging stations. The location and depth of the transmitter coils 102 are optimized to ensure electromagnetic compatibility and robust magnetic coupling with on-board receiver coils 106.
[0037] In one embodiment herein, the transmitter coils 102 are spaced along the length of the road surface in order to enable continuous wireless power transfer to the electric vehicles (EVs) as they move. This spatial arrangement ensures that the receiver coil 106 of a moving EV always aligns with at least one energized transmitter coil 102 at any given time, thereby allowing for sustained energy transfer throughout the vehicle’s journey. As a result, the wireless charging system 100 significantly reduces the dependency on stationary charging infrastructure, thereby enabling longer travel ranges and decreasing vehicle downtime. This configuration is particularly advantageous for urban highways, intercity corridors, and dedicated EV lanes.
[0038] In one embodiment herein, the receiver coil 106 is mounted on an underside of the electric vehicle (EV). This receiver coil 106 is positioned such that it can effectively couple magnetically with the transmitter coils 102 embedded in the road surface. As the EV moves over the transmitter coils 102, the alternating magnetic field induces an alternating current (AC) in the receiver coil 106. This dynamic inductive coupling ensures that the EV can receive power wirelessly while in motion, without requiring the driver to stop for recharging. The position, geometry, and tuning of the receiver coil 106 are optimized for maximum power transfer efficiency under varying speeds and alignments.
[0039] In one embodiment herein, the receiver coil 106 is operatively coupled to the power conversion module 108 that converts the induced alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC), which is suitable for charging the EV's battery 110. The power conversion module 108 may comprise rectifiers, voltage regulators, and DC-DC converters to ensure that the output voltage and current levels are compatible with the battery's specifications. The power conversion module 108 ensures efficient and safe energy conversion under varying load conditions and power input levels.
[0040] In one embodiment herein, the battery management system (BMS) 112 is operatively connected to the battery 110 and continuously monitors its health and charging parameters. The BMS 112 is configured to track one or more parameters of the battery 110 in real-time, such as the battery’s state of charge (SOC), terminal voltage, and temperature. By maintaining an accurate view of battery conditions, the BMS 112 can optimize charging cycles, enhance battery performance, and detect anomalies such as thermal runaway or voltage imbalance. The real-time monitoring capabilities of the BMS 112 ensure that the energy delivery to the battery 110 is both safe and efficient.
[0041] In one embodiment herein, the automatic circuit breaker 114 is communicatively linked with the battery management system (BMS) 112 to further enhance safety and prevent damage to the battery 110. This circuit breaker 114 is configured to interrupt the power transfer process when the BMS 112 detects that any of the monitored parameters exceed a predefined threshold. For example, if the battery 110 reaches full charge, or if the temperature or voltage exceeds safe operating limits, the circuit breaker 114 may disconnect the incoming power. This automated disconnection mechanism reduces the risks of overcharging, overheating, and electrical faults, thereby preserving battery integrity.
[0042] In one example, the battery management system 112 actively transmits a control signal to the automatic circuit breaker 114 upon detecting that the battery 110 is fully charged, thereby enabling the automatic circuit breaker 114 to disconnect the power transfer to the battery 110. This targeted disconnection prevents trickle charging and unnecessary stress on the battery 110, which could otherwise degrade the battery’s operational lifespan. By ensuring precise control over the termination of the charging process, the wireless charging system 100 improves energy efficiency and extends the useful life of the battery 110.
[0043] In one embodiment herein, the microcontroller 116 is configured to facilitate vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. This communication layer enables real-time coordination of power transfer between the road-embedded transmitter coils 102 and the vehicle-mounted receiver coil 106. The microcontroller 116 acts as a central control unit, receiving data from the BMS 112, processing inputs such as SOC and vehicle speed, and issuing commands to the automatic circuit breaker 114. This coordination ensures intelligent, demand-based power distribution and system-wide synchronization.
[0044] In one embodiment herein, the microcontroller 116 is configured to provide real-time alerts and feedback to the driver through on-board display systems, such as an LCD or dashboard interface. These alerts may include information about the battery’s state of charge, the activation status of the circuit breaker, power flow confirmation, or warnings in the event of fault detection. This user-centric feedback enhances operational transparency, promotes safety, and keeps the driver informed of the system’s status during dynamic wireless charging.
[0045] In one embodiment herein, the microcontroller 116 also dynamically adjusts the power output of the transmitter coils 102 based on V2I communication data, such as the vehicle’s real-time speed, acceleration, or geographical position. For example, as the vehicle accelerates, the microcontroller 116 may increase the frequency or power level of the transmitter coils 102 to maintain consistent energy transfer. Such dynamic adjustments optimize the efficiency of the power transfer process, minimize electromagnetic interference, and ensure that energy delivery is adapted to the EV’s operating conditions.
[0046] To further improve power transfer reliability, the wireless charging system 100 includes a coil alignment module 118 that detects and compensates for any misalignment between the receiver coil 106 and the transmitter coils 102. Misalignment can result from lateral displacement, uneven road surfaces, or variations in EV design. The coil alignment module 118 may use sensors or feedback mechanisms to adjust the position of the receiver coil 106 or modulate the activation timing of the transmitter coils 102. By minimizing power loss due to misalignment, the coil alignment module 118 ensures consistent and efficient inductive coupling.
[0047] According to exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 refers to a flowchart 200 of a method for operating the wireless charging system 100. First, at step 202, the power source 104 energizes the plurality of transmitter coils 102 embedded in a road surface to generate the alternating magnetic field. At step 204, the at least one receiver coil 106 mounted on an electric vehicle (EV) receives the alternating magnetic field from the plurality of transmitter coils 102 via inductive power transfer (IPT) to induce the alternating current (AC) while the electric vehicle EV moves over the road surface. At step 206, the power conversion module 108 converts the induced alternating current (AC) received from the at least one receiver coil 106 into direct current (DC) for charging the battery 110 of the electric vehicle.
[0048] At step 208, the battery management system (BMS) 112 monitors the one or more parameters of the battery 110 in real-time. At step 210, the automatic circuit breaker 114 interrupts power transfer to the battery 110 when the monitored parameter exceeds a predefined threshold, thereby preventing overcharging or overheating. Further, at step 212, the microcontroller 116 provides the real-time alerts and feedback to the driver regarding the monitored parameter of the battery 110 and status of the automatic circuit breaker 114.
[0049] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 refers to a circuit diagram 300 that represents a power modulation subsystem of the wireless charging system 100 for electric vehicles (EVs). The circuit 300 forms a power modulation subsystem within the proposed wireless charging system 100 for electric vehicles (EVs), particularly serving as an oscillator and switching driver that energizes the transmitter coils 102 embedded in the road surface. The circuit 300 is powered by a 12V DC power source 104. The core of the circuit 300 is a 555 timer IC configured in astable mode, generating a continuous square wave at its output (Pin 3). This square wave defines the high-frequency switching signal required for inductive power transfer (IPT) and is regulated using a timing resistor (50 kΩ variable + 1 kΩ fixed) and a 1 µF capacitor, which together control the duty cycle and frequency of oscillation to match the resonance requirements of the transmitter coils 102.
[0050] The timer output is connected to the gate of a power MOSFET (IRF540N) via a 100 Ω resistor, ensuring safe and efficient switching. The MOSFET serves as the high-speed switching component, thereby enabling or disabling current flow through the primary winding of the step-up transformer (25 TRANS), which is representative of the transmitter coil 102. The transformer, acting as a wireless energy emitter, produces a high-frequency alternating magnetic field that is picked up by the receiver coil 106 mounted on the underside of the moving EV. This field initiates inductive coupling essential for wireless energy transfer.
[0051] The advantages of the present disclosure are evident from the discussion above. The wireless charging system 100 monitors battery state in real-time and triggers the automatic circuit breaker 114 to prevent overcharging, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and battery lifespan. The wireless charging system 100 facilitates dynamic power transfer during vehicle motion using inductive power transfer (IPT) technology embedded within road infrastructure. The wireless charging system 100 integrates the battery management system (BMS) 112 configured to monitor parameters such as voltage, temperature, and state of charge (SOC), and to interact with circuit protection components. The wireless charging system 100 supports Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, thereby enabling intelligent coordination and control of energy delivery in real-time.
[0052] The wireless charging system 100 ensures automatic disconnection of power through the automatic circuit breaker 114 once the battery 110 reaches full charge, thereby eliminating the need for manual intervention. The wireless charging system 100 offers improved charging efficiency even under varying alignment conditions between the transmitter coils 102 and the receiver coils 106. The wireless charging system 100 can adaptively manage power flow based on real-time energy demand and driving conditions, thereby optimizing energy usage. The wireless charging system 100 prevents energy wastage and also prolongs the operational lifespan of the battery 110 through intelligent energy management and feedback mechanisms.
[0053] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I / We Claim:
1. A wireless charging system (100) for electric vehicles (EVs), comprising:
plurality of transmitter coils (102) embedded in a road surface, wherein the plurality of transmitter coils is configured to generate an alternating magnetic field when energized by a power source (104);
at least one receiver coil (106) mounted on the electric vehicle (EV), wherein the at least one receiver coil (106) is configured to receive the alternating magnetic field from the plurality of transmitter coils (102) via inductive power transfer (IPT) and induce an alternating current (AC) as the electric vehicle (EV) moves over the road surface;
a power conversion module (108) operatively coupled to the at least one receiver coil (106), wherein the power conversion module (108) is configured to convert the induced alternating current (AC) received from the at least one receiver coil (106) into direct current (DC) for charging a battery (110) of the electric vehicle (EV);
a battery management system (BMS) (112) operatively connected to the battery (110), wherein the battery management system (BMS) (112) is configured to monitor one or more parameters of the battery (110) in real-time;
an automatic circuit breaker (114) communicatively coupled to the battery management system (BMS) (112), wherein the automatic circuit breaker (114) is configured to disconnect power transfer to the battery (110) when a monitored parameter exceeds a predefined threshold value, thereby preventing overcharging of the battery (110); and
a microcontroller (116) configured to facilitate vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication for managing charging operations dynamically.
2. The wireless charging system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters of the batter pack (110) include at least one of a state of charge (SOC), battery voltage, and battery temperature.
3. The wireless charging system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the battery management system (BMS) (112) is configured to transmit a control signal to the automatic circuit breaker (114) to disconnect power transfer upon detecting that the battery (110) is fully charged.
4. The wireless charging system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (116) is configured to provide real-time alerts and feedback to a driver regarding the state of charge of the battery (110) and operational status of the automatic circuit breaker (114).
5. The wireless charging system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of transmitter coils (102) are spaced along the road surface to enable continuous power transfer to the electric vehicle during motion, thereby extending its driving range without requiring stationary charging stations.
6. The wireless charging system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (116) is configured to dynamically adjust the power output of the plurality of transmitter coils (102) based on real-time vehicle-to-infrastructure communication data, such as vehicle speed and position, to optimize power transfer efficiency.
7. The wireless charging system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless charging system (100) comprises a coil alignment module (118) that is configured to detect and correct misalignment between the at least one receiver coil (106) and the plurality of transmitter coils (102) to minimize power loss during inductive power transfer (IPT).
8. A method of operating a wireless charging system (100), comprising:
energizing, by a power source (104), plurality of transmitter coils (102) embedded in a road surface to generate an alternating magnetic field;
receiving, by at least one receiver coil (106) mounted on an electric vehicle (EV), the alternating magnetic field from the plurality of transmitter coils (102) via inductive power transfer (IPT) to induce an alternating current (AC) while the electric vehicle (EV) moves over the road surface;
converting, by a power conversion module (108), the induced alternating current (AC) received from the at least one receiver coil (106) into direct current (DC) for charging a battery (110) of the electric vehicle;
monitoring, by a battery management system (BMS) (112), one or more parameters of the battery (110) in real-time;
interrupting, by an automatic circuit breaker (114), power transfer to the battery (110) when a monitored parameter exceeds a predefined threshold to prevent overcharging or overheating; and
providing, by a microcontroller (116), real-time alerts and feedback to a driver regarding the monitored parameter of the battery (110) and status of the automatic circuit breaker (114).