Description:FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to personal safety devices, more specifically to a smart wearable device for women's security that uses Internet of Things (IoT), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies for real-time monitoring, location tracking, and emergency alerts.

BACKGROUND:
The safety and security of women have emerged as critical global issues due to the increasing incidents of sexual assault, harassment, and violence, particularly in public spaces. These issues are not confined to any specific geography they are prevalent in both urban and rural settings. In many developing countries like India, these challenges are exacerbated due to inadequate safety infrastructure, delayed law enforcement response, and social stigma that discourages women from reporting crimes.

Conventional methods of ensuring women's safety, such as self-defense tools (e.g., pepper spray, stun guns) or reliance on local law enforcement, often prove ineffective in real-time emergency situations. Mobile applications and helpline numbers offer some assistance but require user interaction, internet connectivity, and do not guarantee instant location tracking or prompt action by authorities. In addition, in high-stress situations, a woman may not be able to unlock her phone, open an app, or make a call, which significantly reduces the utility of such tools.

Technological solutions such as wearable devices have emerged as promising alternatives. Some systems integrate GPS (Global Positioning System) for location tracking and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) for communication. While these systems offer a step forward, they also suffer from several limitations: Inconsistent Connectivity, Battery Constraints, Complex Interfaces, Limited Integration and GPS Inaccuracy.

Additionally, in India and many other regions, there exists a social trust gap many women, especially in rural areas, hesitate to report crimes due to stigma, fear of backlash, or slow judicial procedures. In such cases, a discreet yet powerful wearable device that sends real-time alerts to trusted contacts and emergency services can be life-saving.

Therefore, there is a compelling need to develop an integrated, affordable, accurate, and user-friendly wearable solution that works in offline and low-network conditions, improves location accuracy using advanced filtering techniques, and ensures seamless alert transmission to both personal and public emergency responders. The present invention aims to address all these limitations and provide a robust, real-time security solution for women.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention provides a smart, wearable safety device specifically designed to enhance the personal security of women through a reliable and real-time communication system. The device integrates a microcontroller with GPS and GSM modules, along with two physical buttons for quick activation—one to initiate a voice call with a pre-recorded message and another to send an SMS containing the user's live location.

Unlike traditional safety devices, this system incorporates Kalman filter-based GPS correction to improve location accuracy, even in environments affected by urban interference or weak satellite signals. The device supports multi-modal alerting, including SMS, voice calls, and push notifications via a companion mobile application.

Additionally, the system offers a voice-activated emergency trigger, which enables women to send alerts hands-free in situations where physical access to the device may not be possible. To address limitations in network availability, the device supports fallback connectivity mechanisms such as LoRaWAN or satellite-based communication when GSM signal strength is weak or unavailable.

The accompanying mobile application includes features such as live tracking, geofencing, multilingual support, and seamless integration with emergency services, ensuring that alerts are not only sent to trusted contacts but also to local law enforcement in real time. The system is designed for low power consumption and extended battery life, ensuring reliable operation even during prolonged use.

This comprehensive solution aims to improve both adoption rates in rural and urban areas and response times from emergency services, making it a scalable, affordable, and life-saving technology for personal security.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 –Diagram of the proposed wearable safety device showing GPS, GSM, Microcontroller, Panic Buttons, and Mobile App interface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention discloses a smart wearable device designed for enhancing women’s safety by leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, GPS (Global Positioning System), and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). The invention provides real-time location tracking, immediate communication through emergency alerts, and user-friendly interaction, even in stressful or dangerous situations. The system is composed of a wearable hardware device integrated with a mobile application, Kalman filter-based GPS error correction, and mechanisms to ensure reliable operation even in areas with poor mobile network coverage.

At the core of the wearable device is a low-power microcontroller, which serves as the main control unit. It interfaces with a GPS module that continuously receives satellite signals to determine the user's current geographical coordinates. To enhance location accuracy, particularly in urban or obstructed environments, the raw GPS data is processed using a Kalman filter algorithm. This mathematical approach filters out noise and corrects errors arising from multipath effects and satellite timing variations, ensuring the position data is accurate and consistent.

The model shown in Fig.1. consists of a microcontroller, GPS and GSM for location identification, alert message and call notification. The device has two buttons for call and SMS. In a threatening situation, pressing the call button activates the GSM mod-ule which connects the call to the registered mobile numbers leaves a voice message. When the SMS button is pressed, the GPS module is activated and sends the location data through SMS. Moreover, the model also works for 2G networks.

Alongside the GPS module, the device incorporates a GSM module equipped with a SIM card slot. This module is capable of sending emergency SMS messages and initiating voice calls to a list of pre-configured contacts or local authorities. The device features two buttons: one dedicated to sending an SMS with the current location, and the other to initiate a voice call, which may optionally play a pre-recorded distress message. These buttons are positioned for easy access and are designed for immediate use in emergencies.

The device also includes a voice activation unit. This component enables the user to trigger an emergency alert using a predefined voice command, such as “help me,” allowing hands-free operation. This is particularly useful when the user is restrained or unable to press a button physically. Additionally, the device may include optional sensors, such as pulse or vibration detectors, that can automatically initiate alerts when abnormal physical activity is detected.

Power to the device is supplied by a rechargeable battery optimized for long usage time. Low-power components and efficient power management techniques are employed to ensure extended operation without frequent charging. For further adaptability, the device can optionally include alternative power sources such as solar cells or energy-harvesting components.

The system is complemented by a mobile application compatible with Android and iOS platforms. This app allows users to configure their emergency contacts, personalize alert messages, and monitor the wearable device. The application supports real-time location tracking of the user, provides geofencing features (alerting others when a user leaves a predefined safe area), and includes multilingual support for better accessibility across different regions. The app also facilitates communication with emergency services and allows integration with local law enforcement APIs where available.

To address the challenge of poor GSM coverage, the invention includes fallback communication options such as LoRaWAN or satellite-based messaging modules. These enable the transmission of alerts even in remote or rural areas where traditional mobile networks are unreliable. This ensures uninterrupted safety coverage regardless of geographical constraints.

One of the core innovations in the present invention is the use of a Kalman filter algorithm for improving the accuracy of GPS-based location tracking. In many real-world environments, especially in urban areas with tall buildings, dense foliage, or mountainous terrain, GPS signals are prone to errors caused by multipath propagation, signal blockage, and atmospheric interference. These factors can lead to substantial deviations between the actual position of the user and the location reported by the GPS receiver, which can compromise the effectiveness of an emergency response system.

To overcome this limitation, the invention incorporates a Kalman filter, a recursive mathematical estimator, to enhance the precision of the GPS coordinates obtained by the wearable device. The Kalman filter operates by maintaining a state estimate of the user’s position, velocity, and clock offset at each time step. It then uses incoming noisy measurements such as pseudo-range values from multiple GPS satellites to predict the next state and correct it based on the difference between the expected and actual measurements.

In the proposed system, the Kalman filter is implemented either on the microcontroller embedded in the wearable device or within the mobile application depending on the processing capability and architecture. The filtered GPS data is then used for generating the location-based emergency alerts, ensuring that the system delivers high-accuracy position information to emergency contacts and services. This is particularly critical in high-rise urban zones or semi-indoor environments where unfiltered GPS data could have errors exceeding tens of meters.

Furthermore, the Kalman filter enhances the temporal stability of the location estimates, avoiding abrupt or unrealistic position jumps that often occur with raw GPS output. It also allows the system to function more effectively when the GPS signal intermittently drops out; by relying on the motion model and the most recent state, the filter can still provide a reasonably accurate location estimate until a fresh GPS fix is obtained.

Compared to more complex solutions like Differential GPS (DGPS), which requires external infrastructure such as base stations, the Kalman filter provides a computationally efficient, self-contained, and cost-effective alternative suitable for wearable devices with limited power and processing capacity. Thus, the integration of Kalman filtering not only enhances the technical reliability of the safety system but also makes it viable for widespread deployment in resource-constrained settings.The emergency alert workflow of the system is straightforward and fast. Upon activation whether by button press or voice command the device acquires the GPS location, processes it through the Kalman filter, and transmits the corrected coordinates along with an alert message via SMS and/or voice call. If connected to the mobile app, the alert is also pushed via notifications to registered contacts. Additionally, the system logs the event on the cloud if internet connectivity is available, enabling future reference and tracking.

The emergency alert functionality is a critical component of the invention and is designed for speed, reliability, and minimal user interaction, especially during high-stress or dangerous situations. The workflow initiates as soon as the user either presses one of the dedicated panic buttons or activates the voice-triggered SOS function. Upon activation, the system immediately captures the user’s current GPS location. This location data is processed through the Kalman filter to improve accuracy and eliminate positional noise.

Following location correction, the system automatically composes and transmits an SMS message containing the user’s coordinates along with a predefined alert message to a list of emergency contacts. Simultaneously, the GSM module may initiate an automated voice call to one or more of these contacts, playing a pre-recorded distress message that informs them of the emergency and the need for immediate assistance.

If the device is paired with the user’s mobile application and an internet connection is available, a push notification is also sent through the app, displaying the user’s location on a real-time map. The system supports multi-channel alerting, ensuring that the emergency notification reaches the intended recipients through all available communication channels—SMS, voice call, and mobile data maximizing the chance of a successful and rapid response.

In areas with poor GSM coverage, the device may utilize LoRaWAN or satellite messaging fallback mechanisms to transmit the alert, ensuring that the user is not left unprotected even in remote or network-constrained environments. Alerts are also logged on a cloud server, when available, for future analysis and accountability.

The implementation of the proposed invention has been carefully planned to ensure scalability, robustness, and ease of use across diverse environments. The initial prototype was tested in a variety of settings including urban cities, suburban neighborhoods, and rural villages, to assess performance under different network conditions and physical terrains. During testing, the device demonstrated reliable location detection, effective emergency messaging, and user-friendly operation, even for individuals with minimal technical knowledge.

To promote adoption, especially in rural and semi-urban regions where awareness and trust in technology can be limited, training sessions and awareness programs were conducted in collaboration with local NGOs and community health centers. These sessions aimed to educate women and adolescent girls on how to use the device, how to interpret the alerts, and what steps to take once a message has been sent. Local police stations and emergency service providers were also trained to recognize alerts originating from the device and respond accordingly.

The system was developed in partnership with multiple telecom providers to optimize GSM coverage and investigate alternatives such as satellite communication in uncovered regions. Feedback from pilot users was incorporated into iterative design improvements, including the development of a simplified multilingual mobile application, extended battery life, and discreet form factors like pendant-style devices or jacket-embedded electronics. These refinements have made the device highly adaptable to the socio-cultural and infrastructural realities of the target population.

The present invention offers several key advantages over existing personal security systems, making it a technologically advanced, socially relevant, and commercially viable solution for women’s safety. First and foremost, the integration of Kalman filter-based GPS correction significantly enhances location accuracy, which is crucial for emergency response teams to locate a user swiftly and precisely. This feature alone addresses one of the biggest shortcomings of current GPS-based systems.

Secondly, the device provides a dual-mode activation system, allowing users to trigger alerts either manually via panic buttons or vocally using predefined commands. This ensures that help can be summoned even when the user is physically restrained or unable to reach the device directly. Additionally, the device’s multi-modal alerting system comprising SMS, voice calls, push notifications, and fallback communication via LoRaWAN or satellite ensures robust delivery of emergency messages regardless of environmental or network conditions.

The low power design and energy-efficient components contribute to extended battery life, making the device suitable for all-day wear without frequent charging. The wearable form factor is lightweight, compact, and can be customized for discreet use, making it culturally acceptable and comfortable for women in both urban and rural settings.

Further, the mobile application is designed for intuitive use, supports multiple Indian languages, and allows for easy configuration and management of emergency contacts. The direct integration with emergency services, including local police stations, enables a reduction in response times, which can be crucial in preventing escalation during critical incidents.

Lastly, the invention is cost-effective, making it feasible for deployment on a large scale, especially in government or NGO-sponsored safety programs. With its combination of accuracy, usability, reliability, and affordability, this invention stands to become a transformative tool in enhancing women's safety in India and globally. , Claims:1. A smart wearable device for women's security comprising:
a microcontroller;
a GPS module;
a GSM module;
a dual-button interface;
a voice-activation unit;
a battery unit; and
wherein said GPS module is configured to track real-time location and corrected using Kalman filtering.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein pressing a first button triggers a voice call to predefined contacts with pre-recorded message.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein pressing a second button sends an SMS containing real-time GPS coordinates.
4. The device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, further comprising a mobile application with geofencing, live tracking, and multilingual support.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein fallback communication is enabled via LoRaWAN or satellite in areas with poor GSM coverage.
6. The device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein Kalman filtering is applied to GPS signals to enhance localization accuracy.
7. The device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein emergency alerts are sent to family members and local emergency services via a multi-modal communication approach.
8. The device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the device is operable in 2G environments and is optimized for low power consumption to support extended battery life.