Description:Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to renewable energy-based water pumping systems, specifically designed to harness solar energy for efficient and sustainable water supply solutions. It integrates advanced solar energy harvesting techniques, optimized battery storage systems, and intelligent automated control mechanisms to enhance performance, reliability, and energy efficiency. This invention aims to provide a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and self-sustaining alternative to conventional water pumping systems, making it particularly suitable for remote, off-grid, and water-scarce regions.
Objectives of the invention
The primary objective of the automatic solar water pumping system utilizing Arduino Uno controller is to provide a sustainable, efficient, and autonomous solution for water pumping applications, particularly in remote or off-grid locations.
Background of the invention
Traditional water pumping systems primarily depend on grid electricity or fossil fuels, resulting in high operational costs and significant environmental pollution. The increasing demand for sustainable alternatives underscores the necessity of reducing reliance on these conventional energy sources. The use of fossil fuels in water pumping contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, exacerbating environmental degradation. By adopting renewable energy sources such as solar power, these negative impacts can be mitigated, promoting a cleaner, more sustainable, and cost-effective approach to water pumping.
Growing demand for sustainable alternatives, such as solar power, underscores the need for innovative solutions in water pumping technology. This invention addresses these challenges by introducing an automatic solar water pumping system that maximizes energy efficiency and reliability.Solar power offers a promising renewable energy source for water pumping applications, providing abundant sunlight in many regions. Harnessing clean, sustainable energy without greenhouse gas emissions is essential for environmental sustainability.
While solar water pumping systems offer environmental benefits, challenges such as intermittency of sunlight, energy storage limitations, and system reliability concerns have hindered their widespread adoption. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for the effective implementation of solar-powered water pumping solutions.
Moreover, various patents and patent applications in the field of automatic solar water pumping systems provide valuable insights and technologies for reference and further development.
US20100326424A1 describes a high-efficiency residential solar thermal power plant for economically generating power from solar-thermal energy, using a parabolic trough mirror having a longitudinal focal axis, for concentrating sunlight, a timer rotator for rotating the mirror about the focal and longitudinal rotation axis. US20080169203A1describeswater integrated photovoltaic (WIPV) system including a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells covering at least a portion of a body of water, where in at least some of the photovoltaic cells have a solar collecting surface covered by the water, and a processing unit electrically.CN114144952A disclosesthe invention relates to a circuit comprising a power panel of the pump, the power panel being connected to an alternating current distribution network and said pump by means of a power line provided with a timer.US4159629A describes Solar energy is collected by an array of parallel trough-like reflectors of paraboloidal cross section, and concentrated upon radiant-absorbent pipes positioned along the lines of focus of the reflectors. The array is mounted on a boat which floats on an irrigation pond of a farm and is rotated.
The above mentioned patents have few limitations like during rainy conditions, in the absence of grid power, and when the battery is depleted, the water supply is disrupted. Additionally, relay failures associated with temperature sensors can lead to interruptions in grid power supply. To overcome these issues, IoT technology can be integrated using Arduino boards to send real-time notifications to mobile devices, ensuring proactive monitoring and response. Furthermore, an automated messaging system can provide timely alerts regarding grid-related issues, allowing prompt maintenance and minimizing downtime.
Summary of the invention
The automatic solar water pumping system comprises a series of interconnected components designed to efficiently harness solar energy, store it in a battery bank, and regulate the operation of a water pump for reliable and sustainable water supply. The system's core functionality is based on seamless energy conversion, intelligent automation, and real-time monitoring to ensure optimal performance in varying environmental conditions.Key components of the system include a solar panel, which captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy, serving as the primary power source. A boost converter is integrated to stabilize and regulate the voltage output from the solar panel, ensuring consistent power supply to the connected components. The battery bank stores excess energy, enabling continuous operation even in low sunlight conditions or at night, thereby improving system reliability.An Arduino Uno controller acts as the central processing unit, executing automated control mechanisms based on predefined logic and sensor inputs. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is incorporated to provide real-time data on system parameters such as battery status, voltage levels, and pump activity, facilitating easy monitoring and troubleshooting. A relay module enables efficient switching of the water pump, ensuring it operates only when necessary to optimize energy consumption. Additionally, a driver circuit is included to regulate current flow, protecting electrical components from overloading and enhancing the system’s overall durability and efficiency.By integrating these components, the system ensures an autonomous and energy-efficient water pumping solution, making it particularly beneficial for remote and off-grid locations where conventional electricity sources are unavailable or unreliable. The automation features reduce manual intervention, minimize maintenance requirements, and promote sustainable water management through the use of renewable energy.
Detailed description of the invention
The automatic solar water pumping system is a well-integrated, renewable energy-driven solution designed to provide efficient water pumping with minimal environmental impact. It consists of various interconnected components that work in synergy to ensure uninterrupted operation, even in varying weather conditions. By leveraging solar energy, advanced power regulation, and intelligent automation, the system maximizes efficiency and reliability, making it ideal for off-grid applications, agricultural irrigation, and remote water supply needs.
At the core of the system is a 5-watt solar panel, which captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy through photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells operate based on the photovoltaic effect, where solar radiation excites electrons in a semiconductor material, generating a direct current (DC) output. This clean and renewable source of energy eliminates reliance on conventional electricity grids, making the system environmentally friendly and highly sustainable.
To maximize energy harvesting efficiency, the solar panel is strategically positioned at an optimal tilt angle, ensuring maximum exposure to sunlight throughout the day. This positioning helps maintain a consistent power supply, even in varying weather conditions such as cloudy days or partial shading. The panel’s robust construction and use of high-quality materials ensure long-term reliability, weather resistance, and efficient energy conversion, enhancing its lifespan and overall performance.
Since the solar panel produces a variable voltage output depending on sunlight intensity, a boost converter is employed to regulate and stabilize this voltage. The boost converter plays a critical role in
stepping up the voltage from the solar panel to a level suitable for charging the battery bank, ensuring a consistent voltage supply despite fluctuations in solar irradiance. Also enhance the overall charging efficiency by delivering the correct voltage required for optimal battery performance.Protects system components from voltage instability that could otherwise cause inefficiencies or damage.
By mitigating power fluctuations, the boost converter contributes to the stability and reliability of the entire system, ensuring seamless operation under diverse environmental conditions.
A battery bank is incorporated into the system to store excess solar energy generated during peak sunlight hours. This energy storage capability is crucial for uninterrupted operation, especially during low sunlight conditions, cloudy days, or nighttime operation.The battery bank consists of three 4-volt batteries connected in series, delivering a stable 12-volt output compatible with the system’s electrical requirements. It acts as a power reservoir, supplying energy to the water pump and other components when solar generation is insufficient.The inclusion of a battery management system (BMS) can further enhance battery lifespan by preventing overcharging, deep discharging, and temperature-related issues.
The Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the central processing unit (CPU) of the system, facilitating automated control, decision-making, and monitoring. Custom firmware programmed into the Arduino enables it to execute sophisticated control algorithms for efficient power distribution.
It manages water pump operation based on predefined parameters, optimizing energy utilization.
Interface with sensors to collect real-time data on voltage levels, battery status, and environmental conditions. Also make intelligent decisions to regulate system performance and enhance energy efficiency.
With its compact design, low power consumption, and high processing capabilities, the Arduino Uno ensures that the system remains autonomous, adaptive, and efficient.
An integrated LCD panel provides intuitive real-time monitoring and feedback to users, enhancing user interaction and system visibility.Vital system parameters such as solar power output, battery voltage, pump status, and diagnostics are displayed in a user-friendly format, enabling users to monitor performance effectively and make informed decisions.The LCD display enhances system usability and accessibility, empowering users to troubleshoot issues promptly and optimize system operation and maintenance.
A meticulously designed 12V relay and driver circuit serve as the backbone of power control for the water pump, ensuring reliable and efficient operation. The relay functions as a switch activated by the Arduino Uno controller to regulate pump operation based on programmed logic, enhancing system flexibility and responsiveness. The driver circuit facilitates seamless communication between the Arduino Uno and the 12V relay, while also regulating current flow for consistent and dependable pump performance. Together, they form a robust power control system, optimizing energy utilization and enhancing system reliability.
Completing the system's functionality is a durable 5V DC pump, responsible for drawing water from a source and delivering it to the desired location. Whether powered directly by the solar panel during daylight hours or by the battery bank during low-light conditions, the pump ensures consistent water supply for various applications, including irrigation, livestock watering, and water storage. Its efficient design and reliable performance make it an indispensable component of the automatic solar water pumping system, contributing to its overall effectiveness and sustainability.
The automatic solar water pumping system is a highly efficient, sustainable, and intelligent solution that harnesses solar energy for water supply applications. By integrating solar panels, a boost converter, a battery bank, an Arduino Uno controller, an LCD display, a relay and driver circuit, and a DC pump, the system ensures autonomous operation, optimal energy utilization, and real-time monitoring.
The automatic solar water pumping system offers several key benefits, making it an efficient and sustainable solution for water supply applications. It operates using eco-friendly and renewable solar energy, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. The integration of a battery bank ensures a continuous water supply, even during low sunlight conditions, by storing excess energy generated during peak hours. Additionally, the system features automated control and real-time monitoring, enhancing operational efficiency while simplifying user interaction and maintenance. With its low maintenance requirements and long lifespan, the system proves to be highly cost-effective in the long run. Moreover, its versatile applications extend across various sectors, including agriculture, livestock watering, domestic water supply, and remote area usage, making it a reliable and adaptable solution for diverse water pumping needs.By leveraging cutting-edge technology and intelligent automation, this system offers a robust, sustainable, and reliable solution for modern water pumping needs.

Brief description of drawing
In the figures which are illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Figure1Circuit diagram of the invention.
Figure 2 Hardware model of automatic solar water pumping system.
Detailed description of drawing
Figure 1 presents a detailed schematic representation of the interconnections between the various components that constitute the automatic solar water pumping system. The schematic diagram provides a clear overview of the system architecture, demonstrating how different elements interact to ensure efficient and sustainable water pumping.Each component within the system is connected using standard electrical wiring techniques, ensuring seamless compatibility and proper functionality. The solar panel(1), which serves as the primary energy source, is directly connected to a boost converter(2). This converter plays a crucial role in stabilizing and regulating the voltage outputfrom the solar panel, ensuring that the energy harvested is efficiently utilized.The regulated voltage is then directed towards the battery bank(3), which consists of multiple batteries connected in series. This configuration allows the battery bank to store excess solar energy during peak sunlight hours, ensuring an uninterrupted power supply during low sunlight conditions or at night. By functioning as an energy reservoir, the battery bank enhances system reliability and autonomy.At the core of the system is the controller unit, represented as the central processing unit (CPU), responsible for automated control and real-time monitoring. This unit, powered by an Arduino Uno microcontroller(4), executes predefined control algorithms, manages power distribution, and regulates the operation of the water pump based on real-time inputs from various sensors. The controller enables intelligent decision-making, ensuring that the system operates efficiently with minimal human intervention.To facilitate user interaction, the schematic includes a user interface in the form of an LCD display(5). This display provides real-time monitoring and feedback, allowing users to access vital system parameters, including solar power output, battery status, voltage levels, and pump operation status. By offering a user-friendly and intuitive interface, the LCD enhances system usability and enables users to make informed decisions regarding operation and maintenance.The pump control mechanism is depicted through a switch symbol connected to the water pump(7). This switch enables the system to regulate pump operation based on predefined conditions, user inputs, and sensor data. The intelligent control mechanism ensures that the pump operates only when necessary, thereby optimizing energy consumption and system efficiency.Additionally, the schematic includes various supporting components such as resistors, capacitors, and diodes. These components are essential for circuit stability, noise filtering, and protection against electrical anomalies, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the system.
Figure 2 illustrates the real-world prototype implementation of the automatic solar water pumping system, providing visual evidence of its functionality and effectiveness. The prototype serves as a practical validation of the system’s design, performance, and feasibility in real-life applications.
In the prototype, all essential components—including the solar panel, battery bank, controller unit, LCD display, relay circuit, and water pump—are assembled and tested to assess their performance and interconnectivity. The results demonstrate how the system effectively harnesses solar energy, regulates power distribution, and autonomously controls water pumping to ensure a continuous and sustainable water supply. , Claims:The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims:
Claims:
1. The Automatic solar water pumping system comprising:
a. A solar panel (1) configured to harvest solar energy and a boost converter (2)connected to the solar panel, configured to stabilize and step up the voltage output from the solar panel
b. A battery bank (3) comprising three 4-volt batteries connected in series, configured to store excess solar energy. An Arduino Uno microcontroller(4) programmed with control algorithms to regulate the operation of the system based on predefined parameters; a LCD (5) display interfaced with the Arduino Uno, configured to provide real-time monitoring of system parameters.
c. A relay (6) and driver circuit interfaced with the Arduino Uno, configured to control the power supply to the water pump(7); and a 5V DC pump (7) connected to the relay and driver circuit, configured to pump water from a water source to a desired location.
2. As mentioned in claim 1, the boost converter(2) stabilizes and steps up the voltage output from the solar panel(1) to a level suitable for charging the battery bank, ensuring a consistent and regulated voltage supply to the system components. The battery bank (3) serves as an energy storage reservoir, storing excess solar energy generated during daylight hours for use during periods of low sunlight or at night, thereby ensuring continuous operation of the system. the Arduino Uno microcontroller (4)executes control algorithms programmed to monitor system parameters such as solar power output, battery voltage, and pump status, and regulate the operation of the water pump (7)based on predefined parameters. the LCD display(5) provides real-time monitoring of system parameters including solar power output, battery voltage, pump status, and system diagnostics, enabling users to monitor and control the system effectively.
3. As mentioned in claim1, the relay(6) and driver circuit control the power supply to the water pump based on commands received from the Arduino Uno microcontroller(4), ensuring efficient and reliable operation of the pump. The 5V DC pump (7) draws water from a water source and delivers it to a desired location, powered either directly by solar energy during daylight hours or by stored energy from the battery bank during nighttime or low-light conditions.