Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV that is developed to manage and improve electricity production from sunlight through solar panels by means of automatically adjusting panel’s operation and allowing remote monitoring and control to a user to ensure efficient use of energy under changing environmental conditions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has increased over the past years as an alternative and sustainable source of electricity generation. Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels, which are installed in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. These systems are often used to reduce dependency on the power grid and to lower electricity bills. With the growing need for clean energy solutions, solar power has become an important part of modern energy infrastructure.

[0003] Traditionally, solar PV systems use basic charge controllers that are not capable of efficiently tracking the maximum power point of the solar panel under different environmental conditions such as varying sunlight and temperature. As a result, the amount of energy harvested from solar panels is not always optimized, leading to energy loss and inefficiency in the system. In many cases, manual intervention is required to monitor and adjust system parameters, which can be time-consuming and unreliable. In conventional setups, monitoring the performance of solar panels and identifying faults or inefficiencies is also a challenge. Moreover, traditional systems do not support remote access, making it difficult for users to make timely adjustments or decisions.

[0004] US11509164B2 discloses about a systems and methods are provided for solar energy management that can charge a battery from a solar panel as well as operate without a battery, using the same equipment. This multi-modal functionality provides the ability to incrementally increase capacity and extend the availability of electricity from daytime-only to a continuous supply irrespective of solar conditions.

[0005] US10998853B2 discloses about Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided herein in connection with IoT-enabled solar PV health monitoring and advising related thereto. A computer-implemented method includes obtaining current-voltage samples corresponding to solar photovoltaic modules by triggering switch circuitry between (i) an inverter attributed to the solar photovoltaic modules and (ii) a current-voltage tracer; detecting one or more anomalies in the obtained current-voltage samples by applying machine learning techniques to the obtained current-voltage samples; automatically performing a root cause analysis on the detected anomalies by (i) converting the obtained current-voltage samples to sequential data, (ii) applying a sequence classifier to the sequential data, and (iii) identifying a pre-determined anomaly class comparable to the sequential data based on the application of the sequence classifier; and automatically generating and outputting a suggestion for remedial action based on the identified pre-determined anomaly class.

[0006] Conventionally, many systems are available for managing solar PV. However, the cited prior arts have certain limitations like they do not sufficiently support dynamic environmental adaptation and immediate performance correction, thus limiting the efficiency and scalability of solar panel systems.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a system that provide control of solar PV operations by detecting issues early, ensure optimized power generation under varying environmental conditions to enhance energy efficiency.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to develop a system that is capable of improving solar energy generation efficiency by means of real-time monitoring of solar performance, thereby offering convenience and better control.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to develop a system that is capable of automatically adjusting panel’s performance based on environmental changes, thus ensuring enhanced operation.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to develop a system that is capable of allowing a user to modify control parameters through a remote means to improve energy yield by enabling timely adjustments based on performance data and environmental conditions.

[0012] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a system that is capable of minimize energy losses by maintaining optimal power output at all times, thereby improves overall energy yield and reduces wastage over time.

[0013] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention relates to an IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV that is capable of increasing the effectiveness of solar energy systems by adjusting performance of the solar panels through various components, thus ensuring optimized and enhanced energy generation.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV solar photovoltaic arrangement comprising solar panels, associated with the system for generating electricity from sunlight, wherein an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller embedded in a charge controller of the panel, to optimize power output to dynamically adjust the solar panel's operating conditions, maximizing energy harvest under varying environmental conditions like sunlight and temperature, an IoT (internet of things) module linked the system for real-time data collection of voltage and current from the controller, wherein a computing unit of a concerned person, is wirelessly linked with the system, for enabling the module to transmit the collected data to the computing unit for allowing the person to monitor the solar panel’s performance, issues and to enable the person to make necessary change in setting, to harvest maximum energy, the MPPT controller includes but not limited to a microcontroller, a voltage and current sensor, an AC-DC converter, analog to digital converter, pulse width modulation unit, transistors, protection circuit and cooling arrangement, to enable the MPPT controller to dynamically adjust the solar panel's operating conditions to enable the solar PV arrangement to harvest maximum energy.

[0016] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram depicting work flow of an IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0019] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0020] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0021] The present invention relates to an IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV that optimizes solar panel’s performance based on real-time environmental data. The system is able to optimize the performance by monitoring the energy generation parameters for optimal energy generation and allowing user to track the system’s status and make adjustments to ensure efficient energy harvesting.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1, a block diagram depicting work flow of an IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV is illustrated. The system disclosed herein comprises of a solar photovoltaic arrangement for adaptive energy management. The solar photovoltaic (PV) arrangement consists of solar panels that capture sunlight and convert it into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. These panels generate direct current (DC) electricity, that is stored in a battery and later converted into alternating current (AC) for use.

[0023] The solar panel mentioned herein generates electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The solar panel consists of multiple photovoltaic (PV) cells made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon. When sunlight strikes the surface of these cells, photons transfer energy to electrons in the semiconductor, freeing them from atoms. This movement of electrons creates an electric current. The PV cells are connected in series and parallel to produce the desired voltage and current. Metal contacts on the top and bottom of each cell collect and direct the flow of electrons, generating direct current (DC) electricity. However, the efficiency of energy generation from solar panels is significantly influenced by varying environmental conditions such as solar irradiance, shading, temperature fluctuations, and angle of sunlight.

[0001] In an embodiment the system may include a push button installed on the arrangement, associated with the system to activate the system. The push button is pressed by the user for the activation of the system. The button is typically connected to the system’s internal circuitry, allowing the user to activate or deactivate the system through a simple press. Upon pressing of the button, the push force leads to completing of an internal circuit, that in turn sends an electrical signal to an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller embedded in a charge controller of the panel. The MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller receives the signal from button and executes instructions to initiate the working of the system.

[0002] After the activation of the system, the user accesses a user interface which is installed in a computing unit linked with the microcontroller wirelessly by means of a communication module. The communication module mentioned herein includes, but not limited to Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) module, Bluetooth module, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module.

[0003] The communication module used in the system is preferably the Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi module enables wireless communication by transmitting and receiving data over radio frequencies using IEEE 802.11 protocols. It connects to a network via an access point, converting digital data into radio signals. The module processes TCP/IP protocols for data exchange, interfaces with microcontrollers through UART/SPI, and ensures encrypted communication using WPA/WPA2 security standards for secure and efficient wireless connectivity.

[0024] To address the variability and enhance energy output, the system incorporates the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller embedded within the charge controller of the panel. The charge controller is a key component that regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels to the battery.

[0025] The MPPT controller plays a critical role in optimizing the power output of the solar panels to continuously monitors the voltage and current from the panels and calculates the maximum power point. The maximum power point is the optimal combination of voltage and current at which the panel produces the highest possible power.

[0026] Since this point changes with the intensity of sunlight and panel temperature, the MPPT dynamically adjusts the operating conditions of the solar panel to ensure it always functions at or near this optimal point. The MPPT controller includes multiple components for dynamically adjusting the solar panel's operating conditions.

[0027] The components in the MPPT controller includes but not limited to a microcontroller, a voltage and current sensor, an AC-DC converter, analog to digital converter, pulse width modulation unit, transistors, protection circuit and cooling arrangement, to enable the MPPT controller to dynamically adjust the solar panel's operating conditions to enable the solar PV arrangement to harvest maximum energy.

[0028] The microcontroller is the central processing unit of the MPPT controller that executes the MPPT protocols, which calculates the ideal operating point of the solar panel to extract maximum power under varying sunlight and temperature conditions. Based on real-time data, the microcontroller continuously adjusts the output by controlling other components of the MPPT controller.

[0029] The voltage and current sensors continuously monitor the real-time voltage and current output of the solar panels. By feeding this data into the MPPT controller. The controller calculates the instantaneous power (P = V × I) and identifies the operating point where power output is maximized. As environmental conditions such as sunlight intensity and temperature change, the sensors detect corresponding variations in voltage and current.

[0030] The MPPT controller then adjusts the panel’s operating voltage through the AC-DC converter that works by converting the alternating current (AC) output from AC-based solar arrangement into direct current (DC), which the MPPT protocol analyses and regulates. This conversion allows the MPPT controller to dynamically monitor voltage and current conditions, adjusting the solar panel’s operating point to match the maximum power point for maximizing energy harvest under varying environmental conditions.

[0031] Based on this data, the pulse width modulation (PWM) unit adjusts the duty cycle of the AC-DC converter, altering the operating voltage of the solar panel. To ensure safe and reliable operation, the controller includes a protection circuit that guards against overvoltage, overcurrent, and short circuits based on sensor feedback. Additionally, the cooling arrangement dissipates heat generated during power conversion, maintaining optimal sensor and controller performance for efficient energy harvesting under varying conditions.

[0032] The transistors in the MPPT controller act as fast electronic switches that manage the flow of electricity within the circuit. The signal is sent by the PMW unit to adjust the voltage and current reaching the load or battery, playing a key role in maintaining efficient energy transfer and system responsiveness.

[0033] The protection circuit ensures the safety and reliability of the MPPT controller and connected components. The circuit monitors the system for conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, or short circuits and responds by disconnecting or limiting power flow to prevent damage to the controller.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the protection circuit detect abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, or short circuit and acts as a safeguard. When the input or output voltage exceeds a predefined safe limit, the protection circuit activates to prevent damage to sensitive components. If the current flowing through the system goes beyond the rated capacity causing the overheating or component failure, the circuit intervenes. In the event of a sudden drop in resistance (e.g., a wiring fault), the circuit detects the surge and disconnects the load or shuts down the controller to avoid severe damage.

[0035] The cooling arrangement, which may include small fans to dissipate heat generated by the MPPT controller’s electronic components during operation. This effective thermal management prevents overheating, ensuring long-term stability and efficiency of the system, especially under high load or in hot environments.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling arrangement may include a temperature sensor that monitor component heat levels. The temperature sensor used herein, is composed of two type of metal wire joint together when the sensor experiences a heat then a voltage is generated in the two terminal of the temperature sensor that is proportional to the temperature and the signal is sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller calibrates the voltage in terms of temperature from the received signal of the temperature sensor in order to monitor the temperature of components. The detected temperature is compared to a pre-fed database from the microcontroller, if the temperature exceeds a set threshold, the microcontroller takes preventive action, such as reducing the power load or temporarily shutting down the controller to avoid thermal damage.

[0037] To monitor the solar panel’s performance an IoT (internet of things) module is linked with the system that collect real-time data of voltage and current from the controller. The measurements are then transmitted to the IoT module, typically via a microcontroller interface. The IoT module digitizes and packages this data using communication protocols such as MQTT or HTTP and transmits it over a wireless network (e.g., Wi-Fi, GSM, or LoRa) to the user interface. This allows operators to remotely access real-time performance metrics, diagnose faults, and optimize energy management through data-driven insights.

[0038] The microcontroller transmits the data through the communication module to the user’s computing unit to allow the user to monitor the solar panel’s performance, issues and to enable the person to make necessary change in setting, to harvest maximum energy.

[0039] The battery of the system is connected to the MPPT controller for supplying current to all the electrically powered components that needs an amount of electric power to perform their functions and operation in an efficient manner. The battery utilized here, is generally a dry battery which is made up of Lithium-ion material that gives the system a long-lasting as well as an efficient DC (Direct Current) current which helps every component to function properly in an efficient manner. As the system is battery operated and do not need any electrical voltage for functioning.

[0040] The present invention works best in the following manner, where the system includes the solar photovoltaic arrangement connected to the MPPT controller embedded within the charge controller, which continually monitors and adjusts the electrical operating point of the solar panels based on real-time input from the voltage and current sensors. The MPPT controller processes these signals through the analog-to-digital converter and executes optimization protocol via the microcontroller. The AC-DC converter and pulse width modulation (PWM) unit cooperate to maintain the optimal voltage and current ratio for maximum power output. The protection circuit ensures safety against overvoltage, overcurrent, and thermal faults, while the cooling arrangement maintains operational stability. The IoT module collects real-time data from the controller and transmits it wirelessly to the remote computing unit, allowing the user to monitor system performance, identify faults, and adjust settings remotely to enhance energy harvesting efficiency under dynamic environmental conditions.

[0041] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , Claims:1) An IOT-enabled energy management system for solar PV, comprising:
i) a solar photovoltaic arrangement comprising solar panels, associated with the system for generating electricity from sunlight, wherein an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller embedded in a charge controller of the panel, to optimize power output to dynamically adjust the solar panel's operating conditions, maximizing energy harvest under varying environmental conditions like sunlight and temperature; and
ii) an IoT (internet of things) module linked the system for real-time data collection of voltage and current from the controller, wherein a computing unit of a concerned person, is wirelessly linked with the system, for enabling the module to transmit the collected data to the computing unit for allowing the person to monitor the solar panel’s performance, issues and to enable the person to make necessary change in setting, to harvest maximum energy;

2) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MPPT controller includes but not limited to a microcontroller, a voltage and current sensor, an AC-DC converter, analog to digital converter, pulse width modulation unit, transistors, protection circuit and cooling arrangement, to enable the MPPT controller to dynamically adjust the solar panel's operating conditions to enable the solar PV arrangement to harvest maximum energy.

3) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a battery is associated with the system for supplying power to electrical and electronically operated components associated with the system.