Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication systems for agricultural drying applications. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a multi-layered communication system for enabling Cyber-Physical Systems deployment in polyhouse solar dryers.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Polyhouse solar dryers provide an effective solution for food drying applications, extending shelf life of perishable items while preserving nutritional value, flavor, and color. However, the high temperatures inside polyhouse environments make direct human operation impractical, necessitating technological intervention for continuous monitoring and control of drying conditions.
[0003] Existing monitoring systems in polyhouse solar dryers rely heavily on physical wiring to connect various sensors, processing units, and actuators within the drying enclosure. The extensive wiring infrastructure required for interconnecting multiple devices increases installation complexity and maintenance costs, particularly when system modifications such as adding or removing devices become necessary. Furthermore, establishing communication between multiple polyhouse units requires significant additional wiring infrastructure, leading to high operational costs for facilities located in remote areas.
[0004] Furthermore, existing systems lack intelligent data processing capabilities and user-friendly interfaces, requiring technical expertise for operation and failing to provide predictive insights or multi-language support that could optimize drying operations and enhance accessibility for diverse users.
[0005] Therefore, there exists a requirement for an improved communication system that enables seamless integration of monitoring and control devices within polyhouse solar dryers, facilitates coordination between multiple drying units, and provides remote connectivity for real-time monitoring and predictive analytics while eliminating the limitations associated with wired infrastructure.
OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0006] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0007] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a multi-layered communication system that enables wireless connectivity between distributed sensors, processing units, and actuators within polyhouse solar dryers for seamless integration of Cyber-Physical Systems.
[0008] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a scalable communication architecture that facilitates inter-polyhouse communication across multiple drying units and enables remote connectivity to external servers for real-time monitoring and predictive analytics.
[0009] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a robust data management mechanism that handles variable sampling rates and network instabilities through efficient queuing systems for reliable data transmission in agricultural drying environments.

SUMMARY
[0010] This section is provided to introduce certain objects and aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0011] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a multi-layered communication system for Cyber-Physical Systems in polyhouse solar dryers, the system including at least one polyhouse solar dryer housing a plurality of sensors including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and environmental sensors. The system includes a plurality of end nodes positioned within the polyhouse solar dryer, where each end node includes sensors and a microcontroller to process and transmit data wirelessly. At least one edge node positioned within communication range receives processed data from the end nodes via a wireless network and aggregates the received data through a processing engine. The system further includes at least one actuation controller with an exhaust fan to modify environmental conditions, and a control unit electrically connected to the edge node and wirelessly connected to the actuation controller, where the control unit processes aggregated environmental data, determines operational parameters based on pre-stored drying threshold conditions, and generates control signals to actuate the actuation controller for controlling food drying conditions.
[0012] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for multi-layered communication in Cyber-Physical Systems for polyhouse solar dryers. The method includes detecting environmental parameters using sensors including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and environmental sensors, processing sensor data using microcontrollers in end nodes, and transmitting processed data wirelessly to an edge node. The method further includes aggregating the processed data using a processing engine, receiving aggregated environmental data at a control unit, processing the aggregated data by comparing against pre-stored drying threshold conditions, determining operational parameters and control signals, transmitting control signals wirelessly to an actuation controller, implementing a circular queue mechanism for data transmission management, and modifying environmental conditions using an exhaust fan at variable speeds based on the environmental data.
[0013] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The diagrams are for illustration only, which thus is not a limitation of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of a system architecture of a multi-layered communication system for Cyber-Physical Systems in polyhouse solar dryers, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary schematic representation of a polyhouse solar dryer housing input component sensors and output component actuation controllers with wireless network connectivity, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary representation of a control unit architecture including a processing engine with various modules for data analysis and control signal generation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary representation of a communication architecture for remote actuation of exhaust fan through microservices and relay units, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary representation of a circular queue mechanism in an edge node for managing data transmission from multiple polyhouses to a centralized server, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram depicting a method for multi-layered communication in Cyber-Physical Systems for polyhouse solar dryers, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.

Definitions:
Polyhouse solar dryer: A structure utilizing solar radiation for drying agricultural products, maintaining controlled environmental conditions through covering materials that trap solar energy while protecting drying materials from external environmental factors.
End Node: A wireless sensor device including microcontroller and sensors positioned within a polyhouse solar dryer to monitor environmental parameters and transmit processed data to an edge node through wireless communication protocols.
Edge Node: A processing device positioned within communication range of end nodes that aggregates sensor data, processes information through computational modules implemented in hardware circuits, and coordinates control actions for drying conditions.
Module: As used herein, the term "module" refers to hardware components including processing circuitry, associated memory, and interface circuits that implement specific functionalities within the system architecture.
[0022] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a multi-layered communication system for Cyber-Physical Systems in polyhouse solar dryers, the system including at least one polyhouse solar dryer housing a plurality of sensors including at least one temperature sensor, at least one humidity sensor, and at least one environmental sensor, each positioned to detect corresponding environmental parameters of the polyhouse solar dryer. The system includes a plurality of end nodes positioned within the at least one polyhouse solar dryer, where each end node includes the plurality of sensors and a microcontroller electrically connected to the plurality of sensors to process sensor data and transmit processed data wirelessly to an edge node. The system includes at least one edge node positioned within communication range of the plurality of end nodes, where the edge node includes a wireless network to receive processed data from the plurality of end nodes and a processing engine to aggregate the received data. The system includes at least one actuation controller including at least one exhaust fan to modify environmental conditions within the polyhouse solar dryer at variable speeds and operational parameters. The system includes a control unit electrically connected to the at least one edge node and wirelessly connected to the at least one actuation controller.
[0023] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described using FIGs. 1 to 6.
[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of a system architecture of a multi-layered communication system for Cyber-Physical Systems in polyhouse solar dryers, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 1, the system (100) includes a web dashboard (112), a network (104), edge nodes (108-1, 108-2, 108-N), users (106-1, 106-2, 106-N), a centralized server (110), and a messaging broker (114). The system (100) can establish multi-layered wireless communication architecture by implementing hierarchical data flow from distributed end nodes within polyhouse solar dryers through the edge nodes (108-1, 108-2, 108-N) to the centralized server (110), enabling seamless integration of monitoring and control functionalities across geographically distributed drying facilities. The messaging broker (114) can operate as a communication intermediary by managing asynchronous message exchange between the centralized server (110) and distributed edge nodes, implementing publish-subscribe patterns that decouple system components, and ensuring reliable message delivery through persistent queuing mechanisms that handle network disruptions in agricultural environments. The web dashboard (112) can provide real-time visualization by receiving aggregated environmental data from multiple polyhouse solar dryers through the messaging broker (114) and network data packets, displaying drying status information through graphical user interfaces that present temperature trends, humidity variations, and drying progress indicators enabling remote monitoring and management of distributed drying operations.
[0026] In an embodiment, the network (104) can facilitate multi-layered communication by establishing wireless connectivity through various protocols for intra-polyhouse and inter-polyhouse communication while utilizing cellular networks for remote server connectivity, implementing adaptive routing modules through hardware circuits that maintain data flow continuity despite variable network conditions in agricultural environments. The network can operate by supporting WebSocket connections for real-time data exchange between end nodes and edge nodes, where each end node registers with a unique identifier derived from one or more hardware characteristics including but not limited to MAC address, serial number, or cryptographic keys, with the edge node hosting a WebSocket server supporting concurrent connections from a plurality of end nodes, preferably between 10 to 100 end nodes, implementing heartbeat mechanisms with configurable intervals and bandwidth optimization through techniques including but not limited to delta encoding, message batching, or compression modules. The network can process communication requirements by managing bandwidth allocation across multiple communication layers, implementing quality of service mechanisms that prioritize critical control signals, and maintaining connection stability through automatic reconnection protocols during network disruptions.
[0027] In an embodiment, the edge nodes (108-1, 108-2, 108-N) can function as communication hubs by operating as wireless access points that enable multiple end nodes to establish local connections through unique device registration systems, aggregating sensor observations from distributed monitoring points within individual Polyhouse solar dryers. The edge nodes can process collected data by implementing data fusion modules through hardware processing circuits that combine temperature, humidity, and environmental measurements from multiple end nodes, executing threshold-based analysis that compares current conditions against pre-stored drying parameters, and generating control decisions for drying efficiency. The edge nodes can coordinate system operations by managing inter-polyhouse communication through wireless bridge connections supporting multiple polyhouse units within ranges from 100 meters to 10 kilometers, maintaining routing tables with configurable update intervals, enabling coordinated control where edge nodes share operational data to prevent adverse conditions such as negative pressure differentials between adjacent polyhouses, achieving system-wide efficiency improvements ranging from 5% to 50% through synchronized operations.
[0028] In an embodiment, the centralized server (110) can operate as a fog computing platform implementing modular service architecture for scalable processing, multi-type data storage systems, natural language query processing capabilities, and predictive analytics modules. The server receives environmental data from multiple edge nodes through cellular communication channels, storing sensor observations in specialized databases including but not limited to time-series databases for high-frequency sensor data, relational databases for user and configuration data, and other storage types optimized for specific data characteristics. The server processes accumulated data through analytical modules that generate predictive insights including but not limited to drying time estimation, optimal control parameters, and efficiency recommendations based on historical patterns and current conditions. Natural language processing enables users to interact with the system through queries in multiple languages including but not limited to English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, or other regional languages, converting natural language requests into structured system operations. The server can enable remote capabilities by processing actuation commands from users through the web dashboard, routing control signals to appropriate edge nodes, and maintaining historical data repositories that support trend analysis and performance optimization.
[0029] In an embodiment, the modular service architecture of centralized server (110) implements specialized processing modules including but not limited to data ingestion services handling sensor data at rates ranging from 100 to 100,000 messages per second, aggregation services combining data from 1 to 1000 polyhouses, and analysis services executing computations with horizontal scaling across 1 to 100 server instances. The architecture enables independent scaling of each service module based on load requirements, implementing load balancing with response times below 500 milliseconds for 95% of requests.
[0030] In another embodiment, the multi-type data storage systems of centralized server (110) include but are not limited to time-series databases for high-frequency sensor data with retention periods from 1 day to 10 years supporting query speeds below 100 milliseconds, relational databases for user and configuration data with transaction rates exceeding 1000 per second, and other storage types optimized for specific data characteristics. The storage systems implement automated data lifecycle management, moving older data to cost-effective storage tiers while maintaining query accessibility.
[0031] In an embodiment, the natural language processing module enables users to interact through queries in multiple languages including but not limited to English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi, or other regional languages, converting natural language requests into structured system operations with interpretation accuracy ranging from 80% to 99% and response times under 3 seconds. The predictive analytics modules generate insights including drying time estimation with accuracy within ±30 minutes to ±2 hours for cycles ranging from 4 to 96 hours, and optimization recommendations reducing energy consumption by 10% to 50% based on historical patterns.
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary schematic representation of a polyhouse solar dryer housing input component sensors and output component actuation controllers with wireless network connectivity, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 2, the polyhouse solar dryer (202) can operate as an integrated drying environment by housing distributed sensor networks and actuation systems within a controlled enclosure that utilizes solar radiation for moisture removal while maintaining drying conditions through automated environmental control. The polyhouse solar dryer can function by creating favorable drying conditions through greenhouse effect that elevates internal temperatures, implementing ventilation control through exhaust fan systems that regulate humidity levels, and maintaining product quality through continuous monitoring that prevents over-drying or degradation. The structure can accommodate cyber-physical system deployment by providing mounting locations for sensor placement at strategic monitoring points, enabling wireless signal propagation through appropriate material selection, and supporting actuator installation for environmental modification capabilities.
[0034] In an embodiment, the input components sensors (204) can operate collectively as a distributed monitoring network by capturing comprehensive environmental data through synchronized measurements that provide visibility of drying conditions across different zones within the polyhouse solar dryer. The sensors include temperature sensors (204-1), humidity sensors (204-2), and environmental sensors (204-3) including various types including but not limited to light intensity sensors measuring solar radiation, air quality sensors detecting CO2 levels and volatile compounds, moisture content sensors for product dryness monitoring, and other sensors relevant to drying operations. The sensors can function by converting physical parameters into electrical signals through transduction mechanisms, implementing local signal conditioning that enhances measurement accuracy, and transmitting digitized data through wireless protocols to associated end nodes with configurable sampling rates and measurement ranges adapted to specific crop drying requirements.
[0035] In an embodiment, the control unit (212) positioned within the at least one edge node (108) and integrated with the processing engine (308) can operate by executing control modules through hardware circuits that process aggregated sensor data and generate appropriate actuation commands for maintaining drying conditions. The control unit can function through the processor (302) that executes real-time data analysis comparing current environmental parameters against pre-stored drying threshold conditions stored in the memory (304), implementing control logic that determines required environmental modifications, and generating control signals for actuation systems. The control unit can coordinate system operations by managing data flow between sensors and actuators through the interface (306), implementing safety protocols that prevent system damage through excessive actuations, and maintaining operational logs that document system performance and control actions.
[0036] In an embodiment, the actuation controller (204-4) can operate by receiving wireless control signals from the control unit (212) through dedicated communication protocols that ensure reliable command transmission in industrial environments. The actuation controller includes relay nodes implementing optically isolated circuits rated for various voltage and current ranges, converting digital control signals into analog outputs through DAC circuits with configurable resolution, enabling variable speed control of the exhaust fan (204-5) across multiple discrete levels. The controller can function by interpreting received control commands through embedded microcontroller systems implementing soft-start modules with adjustable ramp times, zero-crossing detection for switching operations, and motor protection features including overcurrent detection and thermal monitoring. The controller can enable environmental control by supporting variable speed fan operation through various modulation techniques, implementing safety mechanisms that prevent mechanical stress during operation transitions, and providing status feedback to the edge node confirming actuation execution.
[0037] In an embodiment, the exhaust fan (204-5) can operate as an environmental modification mechanism by creating controlled airflow patterns that remove moisture-laden air from the polyhouse solar dryer while maintaining temperature conditions for drying. The exhaust fan can function at variable speeds based on control signals from actuation controller (204-4), implementing speed variations that enable humidity control, and providing continuous ventilation that prevents moisture accumulation. The fan can optimize drying conditions by adjusting airflow rates based on real-time humidity measurements, creating pressure differentials that enhance moisture evaporation from drying products, and operating in coordination with natural convection patterns to maximize drying efficiency.
[0038] In an embodiment, the wireless network module (104) can operate by establishing multi-protocol communication capabilities that support both local and remote connectivity requirements of distributed monitoring system. The wireless module can function by implementing various wireless technologies for local communication between end nodes and edge nodes, utilizing different radio frequencies for extended range communication in large polyhouse installations, and supporting cellular modules for remote server connectivity. The module can process communication requirements by managing multiple simultaneous connections through multiplexing techniques, implementing collision avoidance protocols that ensure reliable data transmission in dense sensor deployments, and providing transparent communication interfaces that abstract underlying protocol complexities from application layers.
[0039] In an embodiment, the wireless network module (104) implements power-aware operation supporting multiple power sources including but not limited to solar panels rated from 10W to 500W, battery backup with capacity from 7Ah to 200Ah, or grid power. During power-limited conditions, the module automatically adjusts communication parameters where sampling intervals vary from 30 seconds to 60 minutes based on battery levels ranging from 20% to 80%, extending operational duration from 24 to 168 hours during power outages common in rural deployments.
[0040] In another embodiment, the cellular modules within the wireless network module (104) implement multi-network redundancy supporting 2 to 5 network providers with automatic failover achieving switching times under 30 seconds. The modules utilize intelligent retry mechanisms with exponential backoff from 5 seconds to 120 seconds, and implement fallback communication methods including but not limited to SMS or USSD for critical alerts when packet data services are unavailable, achieving overall system uptime exceeding 95%, preferably greater than 99% for remote monitoring capability.
[0041] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary representation of a control unit architecture including a processing engine with various modules for data analysis and control signal generation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 3, the control unit (212) architecture operates through integrated hardware components enabling real-time environmental data processing and control response generation. The architecture implements specialized modules as hardware circuits with data flow pathways minimizing processing latency and providing scalable processing capacity through parallel analysis circuits.
[0043] In an embodiment, the processor(s) (302) can operate by executing computational tasks required for real-time environmental monitoring and control through processing architectures that enable concurrent handling of sensor data acquisition, analysis modules, and control signal generation. The processor can function by implementing interrupt-driven data handling that ensures timely response to sensor updates, executing calculations required for environmental parameter analysis, and managing system timing through hardware timers that maintain operational synchronization. The processing module (316) including specialized hardware circuits can operate by applying data processing techniques including sensor fusion modules that combine multiple measurement types for improved accuracy, executing predictive modules that anticipate future environmental conditions based on current trends, and applying adaptive techniques based on accumulated operational experience, optimizing data utilization by extracting features relevant to control decisions and generating composite metrics that represent overall system performance.
[0044] In an embodiment, the processing engine (308) can operate as computational core that implements data analysis modules and control logic through modular hardware architecture enabling systematic processing of environmental data and generation of appropriate system responses. The processing engine can function by orchestrating data flow between specialized modules implemented in hardware, implementing task scheduling that ensures operations receive timely processing, and maintaining system state information that enables coordinated control decisions. The engine can optimize processing efficiency by utilizing acceleration features for computationally intensive operations, implementing data strategies that reduce memory access overhead, and executing processing modules that leverage processor capabilities.
[0045] In an embodiment, the receiving module (312) implemented as hardware circuitry can operate by acquiring sensor data from multiple end nodes through wireless network interface, implementing data validation protocols that verify transmission integrity, and organizing received information into structured formats suitable for subsequent analysis. The receiving module can function by managing communication sessions with registered end nodes through various protocols, implementing buffering mechanisms in hardware memory that accommodate varying data arrival rates, and extracting sensor measurements from communication packets while maintaining temporal synchronization. The module can ensure data quality by detecting and filtering corrupted transmissions through verification methods, identifying missing data sequences that indicate communication disruptions, and implementing data recovery modules that maintain analytical continuity during temporary sensor anomalies.
[0046] In an embodiment, the analysis module (314) implemented as dedicated processing circuitry can operate by processing received sensor data through statistical and module methods that extract meaningful information about current drying conditions and system performance. The analysis module can function by implementing filters in hardware that smooth sensor measurements reducing noise impacts, calculating derived parameters from temperature and humidity trends, and detecting anomalous conditions that may indicate system issues. The module can generate actionable insights by comparing current conditions against historical performance data, identifying patterns that predict future system behavior, and quantifying drying progress through moisture content estimation modules based on psychrometric calculations implemented in hardware.
[0047] In an embodiment, the determining module (318) implemented through dedicated logic circuits can operate by evaluating processed sensor data against pre-stored drying threshold conditions to identify required control actions for maintaining drying environments. The determining module can function by implementing decision systems in hardware that map environmental conditions to control responses, utilizing modules that handle uncertainty in sensor measurements, and applying optimization methods that balance multiple control objectives. The module can generate control decisions by assessing deviation of current conditions from target parameters, calculating required actuator adjustments to restore conditions, and implementing mechanisms that prevent excessive control oscillations.
[0048] In an embodiment, the generating module (320) including signal generation circuitry can operate by converting control decisions into command signals compatible with actuation systems, implementing timing sequences and safety mechanisms that prevent conflicting control commands while adapting command parameters based on actuator response characteristics.
[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary representation of a communication architecture for remote actuation of exhaust fan through microservices and relay units, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0050] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the communication architecture (400) for remote actuation can operate through the microservices (402) that decompose control functionalities into specialized service components enabling scalable and maintainable remote control capabilities. The microservices can function by implementing various services for message transmission between fog servers and edge nodes, utilizing controller services for processing actuation commands and verifying control logic, and coordinating service interactions through message passing protocols. The architecture can enable remote actuation by establishing communication pathways from user interfaces through infrastructure to field devices, implementing security protocols that authenticate control commands, and providing acknowledgment mechanisms that confirm actuation execution.
[0051] In an embodiment, the MQTT broker (408) can operate as a message queuing service that manages communication between multiple system components through messaging patterns enabling decoupled and scalable system architecture. The broker can function by maintaining message queues for different topics corresponding to sensor data and control commands, implementing service levels that ensure message delivery, and managing client connections from edge nodes and application servers. The broker can facilitate system integration by supporting sessions that maintain communication state during network disruptions, implementing message retention that enables subscribers to receive updates, and providing topic hierarchies that organize communication channels.
[0052] In an embodiment, the edge node (108) communication with relay unit (410) can operate through dedicated control protocols that ensure reliable command transmission for actuator control in industrial environments. The communication can function by implementing error detection and correction mechanisms that maintain signal integrity, utilizing transmission protocols that confirm command reception, and supporting retry mechanisms for failed transmissions. The edge node can coordinate actuation by maintaining actuator state information that prevents conflicting commands, implementing command queuing that serializes control requests, and providing feedback channels that report actuator status to monitoring systems.
[0053] In an embodiment, the exhaust fan (204-5) actuation through relay unit (410) can operate by responding to control signals with variable speed operation that modulates airflow based on environmental requirements determined by control system. The actuation can function by implementing start procedures that gradually change fan speed reducing mechanical stress, maintaining speed stability through control methods that compensate for load variations, and providing operational feedback through speed signals. The fan actuation can optimize drying conditions by adjusting ventilation rates in response to humidity measurements, coordinating with convection patterns for energy efficiency, and implementing shutdown procedures during fault conditions.
[0054] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary representation of a circular queue mechanism in an edge node for managing data transmission from multiple polyhouses to a centralized server, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0055] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 5, the circular queue mechanism (500) within edge node can operate by managing data flow from multiple input sources through adaptive buffer architecture implemented in hardware memory that dynamically adjusts buffer size based on network quality indicators. The mechanism implements buffer sizing within configurable ranges based on GSM signal strength measurements, with expansion triggers at predetermined thresholds, utilizing predictive allocation based on historical connectivity patterns. Priority queuing ensures critical alerts receive preferential transmission within guaranteed time periods while routine data utilizes remaining bandwidth with optional compression. The circular queue can optimize data transmission by implementing thread-safe concurrent access using various synchronization techniques, supporting sustained throughput rates with minimal latency, maintaining performance statistics for system optimization, buffering incoming data during network congestion, and providing flow control feedback that regulates data input rates.
[0056] In an embodiment, the input data stream (502) can operate by aggregating sensor observations from multiple polyhouses through edge core processing system that collects and organizes environmental measurements for transmission. The data stream can function by implementing data formatting that prepares sensor readings for transmission, applying timestamps that maintain temporal relationships, and executing compression modules in hardware that reduce bandwidth requirements. The input stream can manage data diversity by handling different sensor types and sampling rates, normalizing data formats for consistent processing, and implementing tagging that preserves data context during transmission.
[0057] In an embodiment, the peer data controller in subcore (504) can operate by managing circular data queue through pointer arithmetic implemented in hardware that executes logic for continuous operation. The controller can function by coordinating enqueue operations from multiple data sources through synchronization mechanisms, implementing operations that prevent race conditions, and maintaining queue statistics that monitor buffer utilization. The controller can ensure reliable operation by detecting queue conditions and implementing appropriate handling, managing memory through buffer allocation, and providing diagnostic information about queue performance.
[0058] In an embodiment, the dequeue handler can operate by extracting data from circular queue for transmission through networks while maintaining queue integrity and preventing data corruption during concurrent access. The handler can function by implementing dequeue operations that allow continuous data input during transmission, managing partial transmissions that resume after interruptions, and tracking transmission acknowledgments that confirm delivery. The dequeue process can optimize throughput by batching data packets for transmission, implementing timing that balances latency with power consumption, and providing transmission statistics that monitor system performance.
[0059] In an embodiment, the MQTT interface and FTP interface connections to application server (508) can operate by providing communication pathways that support messaging and data transfer requirements of distributed monitoring system. The interfaces can function by utilizing protocols for sensor data transmission, implementing file transfer protocols for large datasets and system logs, and coordinating protocol selection based on data characteristics and network conditions. The communication interfaces can enhance system flexibility by supporting mechanisms that switch protocols during service disruptions, implementing data format conversions that accommodate different server requirements, and providing security capabilities for data transmission.
[0060] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram depicting a method for multi-layered communication in Cyber-Physical Systems for polyhouse solar dryers, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0061] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 6, block (602) detecting environmental parameters operates by activating sensors (204-1, 204-2, 204-3) throughout the polyhouse solar dryer to capture environmental conditions with measurement accuracy through sensor stabilization and calibration corrections.
[0062] In an embodiment, block (604) processing sensor data operates by executing modules in microcontrollers that convert raw sensor readings into formatted data packets through analog-to-digital conversion with appropriate resolution, filtering, and timestamp information.
[0063] In an embodiment, block (606) transmitting formatted data packets wirelessly operates by establishing communication links between end nodes and edge nodes through protocols providing local area connectivity with collision avoidance and automatic retransmission for reliable multi-node communication.
[0064] In an embodiment, block (608) aggregating formatted data packets from the plurality of end nodes can operate by collecting transmitted formatted data packets at the edge node through the processing engine (308) that combines information from multiple monitoring points to create consolidated environmental data sets. Aggregation can function by implementing data synchronization modules in hardware that align measurements from different end nodes based on timestamps, executing statistical methods that calculate conditions across monitoring area, and identifying spatial variations that indicate non-uniform drying conditions. Data aggregation can provide system visibility by maintaining buffers that capture temporal trends, implementing detection that identifies anomalous measurements requiring investigation, and generating consolidated environmental data sets suitable for control module processing.
[0065] In an embodiment, block (610) receiving consolidated environmental data sets operates by transferring data from the processing engine (308) to the control unit (212) through the wireless network (104) with data validation and buffering for continuous control operation.
[0066] In an embodiment, block (612) implementing circular queue mechanism within the processing engine can operate by managing consolidated environmental data sets through buffer implementation in hardware memory that enables transmission to the centralized server (110) via GSM communication unit while simultaneously maintaining data flow to the control unit (212). Circular queue implementation can function by allocating memory buffers that eliminate dynamic allocation overhead, implementing access mechanisms that support concurrent operations for both server transmission and control unit data flow, and maintaining queue state variables that track buffer utilization. Queue mechanism can ensure reliable data transmission by implementing overflow handling that prioritizes data during buffer saturation, providing flow control signals that regulate data input rates, and supporting queue persistence that preserves data during system restarts.
[0067] In an embodiment, block (614) processing received consolidated environmental data operates by comparing data against pre-stored drying threshold conditions using the processor (302) to identify deviations from optimal drying parameters through threshold checking and deviation magnitude calculations.
[0068] In an embodiment, block (616) determining operational parameters operates by translating identified deviations into control parameters through decision modules that scale actuator responses while preventing control oscillations and respecting actuator limitations.
[0069] In an embodiment, block (618) transmitting control signals wirelessly operates by encoding signals into wireless protocols ensuring command delivery to the actuation controller (204-4) with confirmation mechanisms and synchronization for distributed actuations.
[0070] In an embodiment, block (620) generating actuation commands operates by interpreting received control signals at the actuation controller (204-4) to produce variable speed control commands with appropriate signal conditioning and isolation mechanisms.
[0071] In an embodiment, block (622) modifying environmental conditions within the polyhouse solar dryer can operate by operating at least one exhaust fan (204-5) through the actuation controller (204-4) at variable speeds and operational parameters in response to actuation commands. Environmental modification can function by implementing variable speed fan operation that adjusts ventilation rates based on measured humidity levels, coordinating fan operation with convection patterns for efficiency, and maintaining ventilation rates that prevent stagnant conditions. Condition modification can optimize drying operations by creating pressure differentials that enhance moisture evaporation, implementing operation patterns that balance drying rates with energy consumption, and controlling food drying conditions and facilitating the drying process.
[0072] The described multi-layered communication system (100) enables integration of Cyber-Physical Systems within polyhouse solar dryers through hierarchical wireless communication layers, hardware-based data processing circuits, and automated control mechanisms. The system reduces installation complexity through wireless connectivity, providing flexibility for system modifications while potentially lowering costs. The edge node (108) architecture provides distributed processing capabilities, enabling operational continuity during network disruptions. The circular queue mechanism manages variable sampling rates and network instabilities through buffered transmission, maintaining reliable system performance in agricultural installations.
[0073] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0074] The present disclosure provides a multi-layered wireless communication system that eliminates complex wiring infrastructure in polyhouse solar dryers through hierarchical wireless architecture supporting Wi-Fi-based intra-polyhouse and inter-polyhouse communication combined with GSM-based remote connectivity, reducing installation costs by up to 70% and enabling flexible system modifications including sensor repositioning and system expansion without disrupting existing operations.
[0075] The present disclosure provides a multi-layered communication system that implements robust data management through circular queue mechanisms handling variable sampling rates from multiple end nodes and managing network instabilities, ensuring continuous data transmission to centralized servers despite GSM connectivity disruptions while maintaining data integrity and preventing information loss in remote agricultural environments.
, Claims:1. A multi-layered communication system (100) in polyhouse solar dryers, the system comprising:
at least one polyhouse solar dryer (202) configured to house a plurality of sensors (204) comprising at least one temperature sensor (204-1), at least one humidity sensor (204-2), and at least one environmental sensor (204-3), each configured to detect corresponding environmental parameters of the polyhouse solar dryer (202);
a plurality of end nodes positioned within the at least one polyhouse solar dryer (202), wherein each end node comprises the plurality of sensors (204) and a microcontroller electrically connected to the plurality of sensors (204) to process sensor data and transmit processed data wirelessly to an edge node;
at least one edge node (108) positioned within communication range of the plurality of end nodes, wherein the edge node (108) comprises a wireless network (104) to receive processed data from the plurality of end nodes and a processing engine (308) to aggregate the received data;
at least one actuation controller (204-4) comprising at least one exhaust fan (204-5) to modify environmental conditions within the polyhouse solar dryer (202) at variable speeds and operational parameters;
a control unit (212) electrically connected to the at least one edge node (108) and wirelessly connected to the at least one actuation controller (204-4), the control unit (212) comprising a processor (302), a memory (304) coupled to the processor (302), wherein the memory (304) stores instructions which, when executed by the processor (302), cause the control unit (212) to:
receive aggregated environmental data from the processing engine (308) of the edge node (108) via the wireless network (104), wherein the aggregated data comprising temperature data, humidity data, and environmental parameter data;
process the aggregated environmental data by comparing the aggregated data against pre-stored drying threshold conditions stored in the memory (304);
determine operational parameters and control signals for the at least one actuation controller (204-4) based on the comparison results;
transmit the control signals wirelessly from the control unit (212) to the at least one actuation controller (204-4);
implement a circular queue mechanism within the processing engine (308) to manage data transmission from the edge node (108) to a centralized server (110) via a GSM communication unit electrically connected to the edge node (108);
generate one or more control signals to actuate the at least one actuation controller (204-4) based on the determined operational parameters, wherein the at least one actuation controller (204-4) receives the control signals and modifies environmental conditions within the polyhouse solar dryer (202) at variable speeds and operational parameters that are adjusted in response to the environmental data, thereby controlling food drying conditions and facilitating drying process.
2. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (212) is positioned within the at least one edge node (108) and integrated with the processing engine (308).
3. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless network (104) operates on Wi-Fi protocol for intra-polyhouse communication and establishes a Wi-Fi Point-to-Point Bridge connection for inter-polyhouse communication between multiple polyhouse solar dryers (202).
4. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circular queue mechanism comprises a data enqueue function to receive data from the plurality of end nodes and a data dequeue function to transmit data to the centralized server (110) via the GSM communication unit.
5. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one environmental sensor (204-3) comprises at least one of a light intensity sensor, an air quality sensor, and a moisture content sensor to detect food drying parameters.
6. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing engine (308) comprises a receiving module (312) to receive data from the plurality of end nodes, an analysis module (314) to process the received data, and a determining module (318) to generate control parameters.
7. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one actuation controller (204-4) comprises relay nodes to convert control signals from the control unit (212) into analog signals for controlling the at least one exhaust fan (204-5).
8. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the centralized server (110) receives the aggregated environmental data from the GSM communication unit of the edge node (108), and wherein the centralized server (110) comprises:
a modular service architecture to process the received environmental data for scalable analysis;
a multi-type data storage to organize the temperature data, humidity data, and environmental parameter data into time-series and relational databases;
a natural language query processing module to enable users to retrieve the stored environmental data through queries in multiple languages;
a predictive analytics module to analyze the aggregated environmental data to estimate drying completion time and generate optimization recommendations;
wherein the analyzed results are transmitted to the web dashboard (112) for remote monitoring and control of the polyhouse solar dryer (202).
9. The multi-layered communication system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each end node registers with a unique identifier to a WebSocket server hosted on the edge node (108) to enable data exchange between the plurality of end nodes and the edge node (108).
10. A method for multi-layered communication system in polyhouse solar dryers, the method comprising:
detecting (602) environmental parameters of at least one polyhouse solar dryer (202) using a plurality of sensors (204) comprising at least one temperature sensor (204-1), at least one humidity sensor (204-2), and at least one environmental sensor (204-3);
processing (604) sensor data from the plurality of sensors (204) using a microcontroller in each end node positioned within the at least one polyhouse solar dryer (202), wherein the microcontroller converts raw sensor readings into formatted data packets;
transmitting (606) the formatted data packets wirelessly from the plurality of end nodes to at least one edge node (108) via a wireless network (104);
aggregating (608) the formatted data packets from the plurality of end nodes using a processing engine (308) of the edge node (108) to create consolidated environmental data sets;
receiving (610) the consolidated environmental data sets at a control unit (212) from the processing engine (308) of the edge node (108) via the wireless network (104), wherein the consolidated data sets comprise temperature data, humidity data, and environmental parameter data;
implementing (612) a circular queue mechanism within the processing engine (308) to buffer and manage the consolidated environmental data sets for transmission from the edge node (108) to a centralized server (110) via a GSM communication unit, while simultaneously maintaining data flow to the control unit (212);
processing (614) the received consolidated environmental data sets by comparing the data against pre-stored drying threshold conditions stored in a memory (304) of the control unit (212) using a processor (302) to identify deviations from optimal drying parameters;
determining (616) operational parameters and control signals for at least one actuation controller (204-4) based on the identified deviations from the comparison results;
transmitting (618) the determined control signals wirelessly from the control unit (212) to the at least one actuation controller (204-4) for execution;
generating (620) one or more actuation commands at the actuation controller (204-4) based on the received control signals to activate control mechanisms; and
modifying (622) environmental conditions within the polyhouse solar dryer (202) by operating at least one exhaust fan (204-5) through the actuation controller (204-4) at variable speeds and operational parameters in response to the actuation commands, thereby controlling food drying conditions and facilitating the drying process.