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Method And Apparatus For Processing Video Signal
Abstract: A method for decoding a video according to the present invention may comprise: decoding information 5 indicating whether illumination compensation is performed for a current block, determining an illumination compensation parameter of the current block when the information indicates that the illumination compensation is performed for the current 10 block, obtaining a prediction block by performing inter prediction for the current block, and performing the illumination compensation on the current block using the illumination compensation parameter. 15 obtaining a weighted prediction parameter of a current block, determined, based on the weighted prediction parameter, weights applying to a first prediction block generated based on a first reference 20 picture and a second prediction block generated based on a second reference picture, and obtaining, based on a weighted sum of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, a final prediction block of the current block.
Notices, Deadlines & Correspondence
Patent Information
Applicants
KT CORPORATION
Inventors
1. LEE, Bae Keun
Claims
1. A method performed by a device for decoding a video, 5 the method comprising: obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and 10 obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight 15 set, wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and 20 wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one of a first weight 25 applied to the first prediction block and a second weight applied to the second prediction block is selected from the plurality of weight candidates included in the first weight set or the second weight set, and wherein the selected weigh candidate is specified by index 30 information decoded from a bitstream.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the other of the first weight and the second weight is derived by subtracting the one 67 of the first weight and the second weight from the constant value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is the same as the 5 number of weight candidates included in the second weight set, and wherein at least one weight candidate of the first weight set differs in value from a corresponding weight candidate of the second weight set. 10
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is different from the number of weight candidates included in the second weight set. 15
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being the same, the first weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation, 20 and wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being different, the second weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation 25
7. A method performed by a device for encoding a video, the method comprising: obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 30 obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the 68 current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set, 5 wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 10 selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
8. A device (100) for transmitting compressed video data, comprising: 15 a processor to generate the compressed video data; and a transmitter to transmit the compressed video data, wherein generating the compressed video data comprises: obtaining a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 20 obtaining a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and obtaining a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, 25 wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set, wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration 30 of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 69 selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same. 70 ABSTRACT METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING VIDEO SIGNAL A method for decoding a video according to the present invention may comprise: decoding information 5 indicating whether illumination compensation is performed for a current block, determining an illumination compensation parameter of the current block when the information indicates that the illumination compensation is performed for the current 10 block, obtaining a prediction block by performing inter prediction for the current block, and performing the illumination compensation on the current block using the illumination compensation parameter. 15 obtaining a weighted prediction parameter of a current block, determined, based on the weighted prediction parameter, weights applying to a first prediction block generated based on a first reference 20 picture and a second prediction block generated based on a second reference picture, and obtaining, based on a weighted sum of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, a final prediction block of the current block. 25 71 , Claims:I/We Claim:
1. A method performed by a device for decoding a video, 5 the method comprising: obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and 10 obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight 15 set, wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and 20 wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one of a first weight 25 applied to the first prediction block and a second weight applied to the second prediction block is selected from the plurality of weight candidates included in the first weight set or the second weight set, and wherein the selected weigh candidate is specified by index 30 information decoded from a bitstream.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the other of the first weight and the second weight is derived by subtracting the one 67 of the first weight and the second weight from the constant value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is the same as the 5 number of weight candidates included in the second weight set, and wherein at least one weight candidate of the first weight set differs in value from a corresponding weight candidate of the second weight set. 10
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is different from the number of weight candidates included in the second weight set. 15
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being the same, the first weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation, 20 and wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being different, the second weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation 25
7. A method performed by a device for encoding a video, the method comprising: obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 30 obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the 68 current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set, 5 wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 10 selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
8. A device (100) for transmitting compressed video data, comprising: 15 a processor to generate the compressed video data; and a transmitter to transmit the compressed video data, wherein generating the compressed video data comprises: obtaining a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 20 obtaining a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and obtaining a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, 25 wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set, wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration 30 of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 69 selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
Specification
Description:Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a method 5 and an apparatus for processing video signal.
Background Art
[0002] Recently, demands for high-resolution and high-quality images such as high definition (HD) 10 images and ultra-high definition (UHD) images have increased in various application fields. However, higher resolution and quality image data has increasing amounts of data in comparison with conventional image data. Therefore, when transmitting 15 image data by using a medium such as conventional wired and wireless broadband networks, or when storing image data by using a conventional storage medium, costs of transmitting and storing increase. In order to solve these problems occurring with an increase in 20 resolution and quality of image data, high-efficiency image encoding/decoding techniques may be utilized.
[0003] Image compression technology includes various techniques, including: an inter-prediction technique of predicting a pixel value included in a 25 current picture from a previous or subsequent picture of the current picture; an intra-prediction technique of predicting a pixel value included in a current picture by using pixel information in the current picture; an entropy encoding technique of assigning a 30 short code to a value with a high appearance frequency and assigning a long code to a value with a low appearance frequency; etc. Image data may be effectively compressed by using such image compression technology, and may be transmitted or stored. 35
[0004] In the meantime, with demands for high-
2
resolution images, demands for stereographic image content, which is a new image service, have also increased. A video compression technique for effectively providing stereographic image content with high resolution and ultra-high resolution is being 5 discussed.
Disclosure
Technical Problem
[0005] An object of the present invention is 10 intended to provide a method and an apparatus for efficiently performing inter prediction for an encoding/decoding target block in encoding/decoding a video signal.
[0006] An object of the present invention is 15 intended to provide a method and an apparatus for compensating a prediction sample in consideration of a change of luminance between pictures.
[0007] An object of the present invention is intended to provide a method and an apparatus for 20 efficiently encoding/decoding an illumination compensation parameter in encoding/decoding a video signal.
[0008] The technical objects to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above-25 mentioned technical problems. And, other technical problems that are not mentioned will be apparently understood to those skilled in the art from the following description.
30
Technical Solution
[0009] A method and an apparatus for decoding a video signal according to the present invention may decode information indicating whether illumination compensation is performed for a current block, 35 determine an illumination compensation parameter of the 3
current block when the information indicates that the illumination compensation is performed for the current block, obtain a prediction block by performing inter prediction for the current block, and perform the illumination compensation on the current block using 5 the illumination compensation parameter.
[0010] A method and an apparatus for encoding a video signal according to the present invention may obtain a prediction block by performing inter prediction for a current block, determining an 10 illumination compensation parameter for the current block, performing illumination compensation for the prediction block using the illumination compensation parameter, and encode information indicating whether the illumination compensation is performed for the 15 current block.
[0011] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, the illumination compensation parameter is derived based on a first template area 20 adjacent to the current block and a second template area adjacent to a reference block included in a reference picture of the current block.
[0012] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the 25 present invention, if an unavailable sample is included in the second template area, the unavailable sample may be replaced with an available sample.
[0013] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the 30 present invention, the available sample may be included in the second template area or the reference block.
[0014] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, if the unavailable sample is 35 included in the second template area, the unavailable 4
sample may be replaced with an interpolated value of a plurality of available samples.
[0015] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, obtaining the prediction block may 5 comprise obtaining a first prediction block based on a first reference picture of the current block, and obtaining a second prediction block based on a second reference picture of the current block.
[0016] In the method and the apparatus for 10 encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, the illumination compensation may be performed on at least one of the first prediction block or the second prediction block.
[0017] In the method and the apparatus for 15 encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, the prediction block may be obtained by weighted sum of the first prediction block and the second prediction block. At this time, weights applied to the first prediction block and the second prediction 20 block may be determined by a weighted prediction parameter of the current block.
[0018] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, the weighted prediction parameter 25 may be determined based on the illumination compensation parameter.
[0019] In the method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, the prediction block may be obtained 30 by weighted sum of the first prediction block and the second prediction block. At this time, a weight applied to one of the first reference block and the second reference block may be determined based on the illumination compensation parameter and a weight 35 applied to the other of the first reference block and 5
the second reference block may be determined based on a weighted prediction parameter of the current block.
[0020] The features briefly summarized above for the present invention are only illustrative aspects of the detailed description of the invention that follows, 5 but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Advantageous Effects
[0021] According to the present invention, an efficient inter prediction may be performed for an 10 encoding/decoding target block.
[0022] According to present invention, a prediction sample may be compensated in consideration of a change of luminance between pictures.
[0023] According to present invention, an 15 illumination compensation parameter can be efficiently encoded/decoded.
[0024] The effects obtainable by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned can be 20 clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.
Description of Drawings
[0025] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a 25 device for encoding a video according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a device for decoding a video according to an embodiment of the present invention. 30
[0027] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of hierarchically partitioning a coding block based on a tree structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a 35 partition type in which binary tree-based partitioning is allowed according to an embodiment of the present 6
invention.
[0029] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which only a binary tree-based partition of a pre-determined type is allowed according to an embodiment of the present invention. 5
[0030] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example in which information related to the allowable number of binary tree partitioning is encoded/decoded, according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied. 10
[0031] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a partition mode applicable to a coding block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0032] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating processes of obtaining a residual sample according to 15 an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
[0033] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an inter prediction method according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied. 20
[0034] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating processes of deriving motion information of a current block when a merge mode is applied to the current block.
[0035] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating processes of deriving motion information of a current block when 25 an AMVP mode is applied to the current block.
[0036] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a bi-directional weighted prediction method, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0037] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a 30 principle of bi-directional weighted prediction.
[0038] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a scan order between neighboring blocks.
[0039] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of illumination compensation prediction according to the 35 present invention. 7
[0040] FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a bi-directional weighted prediction method based on illumination compensation.
[0041] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of performing bi-directional weighted 5 prediction using a prediction block to which illumination compensation is applied.
Mode for Invention
[0042] A variety of modifications may be made to 10 the present invention and there are various embodiments of the present invention, examples of which will now be provided with reference to drawings and described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the exemplary 15 embodiments can be construed as including all modifications, equivalents, or substitutes in a technical concept and a technical scope of the present invention. The similar reference numerals refer to the similar element in described the drawings. 20
[0043] Terms used in the specification, ‘first’, ‘second’, etc. can be used to describe various components, but the components are not to be construed as being limited to the terms. The terms are only used to differentiate one component from other 25 components. For example, the ‘first’ component may be named the ‘second’ component without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the ‘second’ component may also be similarly named the ‘first’ component. The term ‘and/or’ includes a combination 30 of a plurality of items or any one of a plurality of terms.
[0044] It will be understood that when an element is simply referred to as being ‘connected to’ or ‘coupled to’ another element without being ‘directly 35 connected to’ or ‘directly coupled to’ another element 8
in the present description, it may be ‘directly connected to’ or ‘directly coupled to’ another element or be connected to or coupled to another element, having the other element intervening therebetween. In contrast, it should be understood that when an element 5 is referred to as being “directly coupled” or “directly connected” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
[0045] The terms used in the present specification are merely used to describe particular embodiments, 10 and are not intended to limit the present invention. An expression used in the singular encompasses the expression of the plural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context. In the present specification, it is to be understood that terms such 15 as “including”, “having”, etc. are intended to indicate the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more 20 other features, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts, or combinations thereof may exist or may be added.
[0046] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with 25 reference to the accompanying drawings. Hereinafter, the same constituent elements in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a repeated description of the same elements will be omitted.
[0047] 30
[0048] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a device for encoding a video according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, the device 100 for encoding a video may include: a picture partitioning 35 module 110, prediction modules 120 and 125, a
9
transform module 130, a quantization module 135, a rearrangement module 160, an entropy encoding module 165, an inverse quantization module 140, an inverse transform module 145, a filter module 150, and a memory 155. 5
[0050] The constitutional parts shown in FIG. 1 are independently shown so as to represent characteristic functions different from each other in the device for encoding a video. Thus, it does not mean that each constitutional part is constituted in a 10 constitutional unit of separated hardware or software. In other words, each constitutional part includes each of enumerated constitutional parts for convenience. Thus, at least two constitutional parts of each constitutional part may be combined to form one 15 constitutional part or one constitutional part may be divided into a plurality of constitutional parts to perform each function. The embodiment where each constitutional part is combined and the embodiment where one constitutional part is divided are also 20 included in the scope of the present invention, if not departing from the essence of the present invention.
[0051] Also, some of constituents may not be indispensable constituents performing essential functions of the present invention but be selective 25 constituents improving only performance thereof. The present invention may be implemented by including only the indispensable constitutional parts for implementing the essence of the present invention except the constituents used in improving performance. 30 The structure including only the indispensable constituents except the selective constituents used in improving only performance is also included in the scope of the present invention.
[0052] The picture partitioning module 110 may 35 partition an input picture into one or more processing 10
units. Here, the processing unit may be a prediction unit (PU), a transform unit (TU), or a coding unit (CU). The picture partitioning module 110 may partition one picture into combinations of multiple coding units, prediction units, and transform units, 5 and may encode a picture by selecting one combination of coding units, prediction units, and transform units with a predetermined criterion (e.g., cost function).
[0053] For example, one picture may be partitioned into multiple coding units. A recursive tree 10 structure, such as a quad tree structure, may be used to partition a picture into coding units. A coding unit which is partitioned into other coding units with one picture or a largest coding unit as a root may be partitioned with child nodes corresponding to the 15 number of partitioned coding units. A coding unit which is no longer partitioned by a predetermined limitation serves as a leaf node. That is, when it is assumed that only square partitioning is possible for one coding unit, one coding unit may be partitioned 20 into four other coding units at most.
[0054] Hereinafter, in the embodiment of the present invention, the coding unit may mean a unit performing encoding, or a unit performing decoding.
[0055] A prediction unit may be one of partitions 25 partitioned into a square or a rectangular shape having the same size in a single coding unit, or a prediction unit may be one of partitions partitioned so as to have a different shape / size in a single coding unit. 30
[0056] When a prediction unit subjected to intra prediction is generated based on a coding unit and the coding unit is not the smallest coding unit, intra prediction may be performed without partitioning the coding unit into multiple prediction units NxN. 35
[0057] The prediction modules 120 and 125 may
11
include an inter prediction module 120 performing inter prediction and an intra prediction module 125 performing intra prediction. Whether to perform inter prediction or intra prediction for the prediction unit may be determined, and detailed information (e.g., an 5 intra prediction mode, a motion vector, a reference picture, etc.) according to each prediction method may be determined. Here, the processing unit subjected to prediction may be different from the processing unit for which the prediction method and detailed content 10 is determined. For example, the prediction method, the prediction mode, etc. may be determined by the prediction unit, and prediction may be performed by the transform unit. A residual value (residual block) between the generated prediction block and an original 15 block may be input to the transform module 130. Also, prediction mode information, motion vector information, etc. used for prediction may be encoded with the residual value by the entropy encoding module 165 and may be transmitted to a device for decoding a 20 video. When a particular encoding mode is used, it is possible to transmit to a device for decoding video by encoding the original block as it is without generating the prediction block through the prediction modules 120 and 125. 25
[0058] The inter prediction module 120 may predict the prediction unit based on information of at least one of a previous picture or a subsequent picture of the current picture, or may predict the prediction unit based on information of some encoded regions in 30 the current picture, in some cases. The inter prediction module 120 may include a reference picture interpolation module, a motion prediction module, and a motion compensation module.
[0059] The reference picture interpolation module 35 may receive reference picture information from the 12
memory 155 and may generate pixel information of an integer pixel or less then the integer pixel from the reference picture. In the case of luma pixels, an 8-tap DCT-based interpolation filter having different filter coefficients may be used to generate pixel 5 information of an integer pixel or less than an integer pixel in units of a 1/4 pixel. In the case of chroma signals, a 4-tap DCT-based interpolation filter having different filter coefficient may be used to generate pixel information of an integer pixel or less 10 than an integer pixel in units of a 1/8 pixel.
[0060] The motion prediction module may perform motion prediction based on the reference picture interpolated by the reference picture interpolation module. As methods for calculating a motion vector, 15 various methods, such as a full search-based block matching algorithm (FBMA), a three step search (TSS), a new three-step search algorithm (NTS), etc., may be used. The motion vector may have a motion vector value in units of a 1/2 pixel or a 1/4 pixel based on 20 an interpolated pixel. The motion prediction module may predict a current prediction unit by changing the motion prediction method. As motion prediction methods, various methods, such as a skip method, a merge method, an AMVP (Advanced Motion Vector 25 Prediction) method, an intra block copy method, etc., may be used.
[0061] The intra prediction module 125 may generate a prediction unit based on reference pixel information neighboring to a current block which is 30 pixel information in the current picture. When the neighboring block of the current prediction unit is a block subjected to inter prediction and thus a reference pixel is a pixel subjected to inter prediction, the reference pixel included in the block 35 subjected to inter prediction may be replaced with
13
reference pixel information of a neighboring block subjected to intra prediction. That is, when a reference pixel is not available, at least one reference pixel of available reference pixels may be used instead of unavailable reference pixel 5 information.
[0062] Prediction modes in intra prediction may include a directional prediction mode using reference pixel information depending on a prediction direction and a non-directional prediction mode not using 10 directional information in performing prediction. A mode for predicting luma information may be different from a mode for predicting chroma information, and in order to predict the chroma information, intra prediction mode information used to predict luma 15 information or predicted luma signal information may be utilized.
[0063] In performing intra prediction, when the size of the prediction unit is the same as the size of the transform unit, intra prediction may be performed 20 on the prediction unit based on pixels positioned at the left, the top left, and the top of the prediction unit. However, in performing intra prediction, when the size of the prediction unit is different from the size of the transform unit, intra prediction may be 25 performed using a reference pixel based on the transform unit. Also, intra prediction using NxN partitioning may be used for only the smallest coding unit.
[0064] In the intra prediction method, a 30 prediction block may be generated after applying an AIS (Adaptive Intra Smoothing) filter to a reference pixel depending on the prediction modes. The type of the AIS filter applied to the reference pixel may vary. In order to perform the intra prediction 35 method, an intra prediction mode of the current 14
prediction unit may be predicted from the intra prediction mode of the prediction unit neighboring to the current prediction unit. In prediction of the prediction mode of the current prediction unit by using mode information predicted from the neighboring 5 prediction unit, when the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit is the same as the intra prediction mode of the neighboring prediction unit, information indicating that the prediction modes of the current prediction unit and the neighboring 10 prediction unit are equal to each other may be transmitted using predetermined flag information. When the prediction mode of the current prediction unit is different from the prediction mode of the neighboring prediction unit, entropy encoding may be 15 performed to encode prediction mode information of the current block.
[0065] Also, a residual block including information on a residual value which is a different between the prediction unit subjected to prediction 20 and the original block of the prediction unit may be generated based on prediction units generated by the prediction modules 120 and 125. The generated residual block may be input to the transform module 130. 25
[0066] The transform module 130 may transform the residual block including the information on the residual value between the original block and the prediction unit generated by the prediction modules 120 and 125 by using a transform method, such as 30 discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete sine transform (DST), and KLT. Whether to apply DCT, DST, or KLT in order to transform the residual block may be determined based on intra prediction mode information of the prediction unit used to generate the residual 35 block. 15
[0067] The quantization module 135 may quantize values transformed to a frequency domain by the transform module 130. Quantization coefficients may vary depending on the block or importance of a picture. The values calculated by the quantization 5 module 135 may be provided to the inverse quantization module 140 and the rearrangement module 160.
[0068] The rearrangement module 160 may rearrange coefficients of quantized residual values.
[0069] The rearrangement module 160 may change a 10 coefficient in the form of a two-dimensional block into a coefficient in the form of a one-dimensional vector through a coefficient scanning method. For example, the rearrangement module 160 may scan from a DC coefficient to a coefficient in a high frequency 15 domain using a zigzag scanning method so as to change the coefficients to be in the form of one-dimensional vectors. Depending on the size of the transform unit and the intra prediction mode, vertical direction scanning where coefficients in the form of two-20 dimensional blocks are scanned in the column direction or horizontal direction scanning where coefficients in the form of two-dimensional blocks are scanned in the row direction may be used instead of zigzag scanning. That is, which scanning method among zigzag scanning, 25 vertical direction scanning, and horizontal direction scanning is used may be determined depending on the size of the transform unit and the intra prediction mode.
[0070] The entropy encoding module 165 may perform 30 entropy encoding based on the values calculated by the rearrangement module 160. Entropy encoding may use various encoding methods, for example, exponential Golomb coding, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding 35 (CABAC). 16
[0071] The entropy encoding module 165 may encode a variety of information, such as residual value coefficient information and block type information of the coding unit, prediction mode information, partition unit information, prediction unit 5 information, transform unit information, motion vector information, reference frame information, block interpolation information, filtering information, etc. from the rearrangement module 160 and the prediction modules 120 and 125. 10
[0072] The entropy encoding module 165 may entropy encode the coefficients of the coding unit input from the rearrangement module 160.
[0073] The inverse quantization module 140 may inversely quantize the values quantized by the 15 quantization module 135 and the inverse transform module 145 may inversely transform the values transformed by the transform module 130. The residual value generated by the inverse quantization module 140 and the inverse transform module 145 may be combined 20 with the prediction unit predicted by a motion estimation module, a motion compensation module, and the intra prediction module of the prediction modules 120 and 125 such that a reconstructed block can be generated. 25
[0074] The filter module 150 may include at least one of a deblocking filter, an offset correction unit, and an adaptive loop filter (ALF).
[0075] The deblocking filter may remove block distortion that occurs due to boundaries between the 30 blocks in the reconstructed picture. In order to determine whether to perform deblocking, the pixels included in several rows or columns in the block may be a basis of determining whether to apply the deblocking filter to the current block. When the 35 deblocking filter is applied to the block, a strong 17
filter or a weak filter may be applied depending on required deblocking filtering strength. Also, in applying the deblocking filter, horizontal direction filtering and vertical direction filtering may be processed in parallel. 5
[0076] The offset correction module may correct offset with the original picture in units of a pixel in the picture subjected to deblocking. In order to perform the offset correction on a particular picture, it is possible to use a method of applying offset in 10 consideration of edge information of each pixel or a method of partitioning pixels of a picture into the predetermined number of regions, determining a region to be subjected to perform offset, and applying the offset to the determined region. 15
[0077] Adaptive loop filtering (ALF) may be performed based on the value obtained by comparing the filtered reconstructed picture and the original picture. The pixels included in the picture may be divided into predetermined groups, a filter to be 20 applied to each of the groups may be determined, and filtering may be individually performed for each group. Information on whether to apply ALF and a luma signal may be transmitted by coding units (CU). The shape and filter coefficient of a filter for ALF may 25 vary depending on each block. Also, the filter for ALF in the same shape (fixed shape) may be applied regardless of characteristics of the application target block.
[0078] The memory 155 may store the reconstructed 30 block or picture calculated through the filter module 150. The stored reconstructed block or picture may be provided to the prediction modules 120 and 125 in performing inter prediction.
[0079] 35
[0080] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a
18
device for decoding a video according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 2, the device 200 for decoding a video may include: an entropy decoding module 210, a rearrangement module 215, an inverse 5 quantization module 220, an inverse transform module 225, prediction modules 230 and 235, a filter module 240, and a memory 245.
[0082] When a video bitstream is input from the device for encoding a video, the input bitstream may 10 be decoded according to an inverse process of the device for encoding a video.
[0083] The entropy decoding module 210 may perform entropy decoding according to an inverse process of entropy encoding by the entropy encoding module of the 15 device for encoding a video. For example, corresponding to the methods performed by the device for encoding a video, various methods, such as exponential Golomb coding, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary 20 arithmetic coding (CABAC) may be applied.
[0084] The entropy decoding module 210 may decode information on intra prediction and inter prediction performed by the device for encoding a video.
[0085] The rearrangement module 215 may perform 25 rearrangement on the bitstream entropy decoded by the entropy decoding module 210 based on the rearrangement method used in the device for encoding a video. The rearrangement module may reconstruct and rearrange the coefficients in the form of one-dimensional vectors to 30 the coefficient in the form of two-dimensional blocks. The rearrangement module 215 may receive information related to coefficient scanning performed in the device for encoding a video and may perform rearrangement via a method of inversely scanning the 35 coefficients based on the scanning order performed in 19
the device for encoding a video.
[0086] The inverse quantization module 220 may perform inverse quantization based on a quantization parameter received from the device for encoding a video and the rearranged coefficients of the block. 5
[0087] The inverse transform module 225 may perform the inverse transform, i.e., inverse DCT, inverse DST, and inverse KLT, which is the inverse process of transform, i.e., DCT, DST, and KLT, performed by the transform module on the quantization 10 result by the device for encoding a video. Inverse transform may be performed based on a transfer unit determined by the device for encoding a video. The inverse transform module 225 of the device for decoding a video may selectively perform transform 15 schemes (e.g., DCT, DST, and KLT) depending on multiple pieces of information, such as the prediction method, the size of the current block, the prediction direction, etc.
[0088] The prediction modules 230 and 235 may 20 generate a prediction block based on information on prediction block generation received from the entropy decoding module 210 and previously decoded block or picture information received from the memory 245.
[0089] As described above, like the operation of 25 the device for encoding a video, in performing intra prediction, when the size of the prediction unit is the same as the size of the transform unit, intra prediction may be performed on the prediction unit based on the pixels positioned at the left, the top 30 left, and the top of the prediction unit. In performing intra prediction, when the size of the prediction unit is different from the size of the transform unit, intra prediction may be performed using a reference pixel based on the transform unit. 35 Also, intra prediction using NxN partitioning may be
20
used for only the smallest coding unit.
[0090] The prediction modules 230 and 235 may include a prediction unit determination module, an inter prediction module, and an intra prediction module. The prediction unit determination module may 5 receive a variety of information, such as prediction unit information, prediction mode information of an intra prediction method, information on motion prediction of an inter prediction method, etc. from the entropy decoding module 210, may divide a current 10 coding unit into prediction units, and may determine whether inter prediction or intra prediction is performed on the prediction unit. By using information required in inter prediction of the current prediction unit received from the device for 15 encoding a video, the inter prediction module 230 may perform inter prediction on the current prediction unit based on information of at least one of a previous picture or a subsequent picture of the current picture including the current prediction unit. 20 Alternatively, inter prediction may be performed based on information of some pre-reconstructed regions in the current picture including the current prediction unit.
[0091] In order to perform inter prediction, it 25 may be determined for the coding unit which of a skip mode, a merge mode, an AMVP mode, and an inter block copy mode is used as the motion prediction method of the prediction unit included in the coding unit.
[0092] The intra prediction module 235 may 30 generate a prediction block based on pixel information in the current picture. When the prediction unit is a prediction unit subjected to intra prediction, intra prediction may be performed based on intra prediction mode information of the prediction unit received from 35 the device for encoding a video. The intra prediction 21
module 235 may include an adaptive intra smoothing (AIS) filter, a reference pixel interpolation module, and a DC filter. The AIS filter performs filtering on the reference pixel of the current block, and whether to apply the filter may be determined depending on the 5 prediction mode of the current prediction unit. AIS filtering may be performed on the reference pixel of the current block by using the prediction mode of the prediction unit and AIS filter information received from the device for encoding a video. When the 10 prediction mode of the current block is a mode where AIS filtering is not performed, the AIS filter may not be applied.
[0093] When the prediction mode of the prediction unit is a prediction mode in which intra prediction is 15 performed based on the pixel value obtained by interpolating the reference pixel, the reference pixel interpolation module may interpolate the reference pixel to generate the reference pixel of an integer pixel or less than an integer pixel. When the 20 prediction mode of the current prediction unit is a prediction mode in which a prediction block is generated without interpolation the reference pixel, the reference pixel may not be interpolated. The DC filter may generate a prediction block through 25 filtering when the prediction mode of the current block is a DC mode.
[0094] The reconstructed block or picture may be provided to the filter module 240. The filter module 240 may include the deblocking filter, the offset 30 correction module, and the ALF.
[0095] Information on whether or not the deblocking filter is applied to the corresponding block or picture and information on which of a strong filter and a weak filter is applied when the 35 deblocking filter is applied may be received from the 22
device for encoding a video. The deblocking filter of the device for decoding a video may receive information on the deblocking filter from the device for encoding a video, and may perform deblocking filtering on the corresponding block. 5
[0096] The offset correction module may perform offset correction on the reconstructed picture based on the type of offset correction and offset value information applied to a picture in performing encoding. 10
[0097] The ALF may be applied to the coding unit based on information on whether to apply the ALF, ALF coefficient information, etc. received from the device for encoding a video. The ALF information may be provided as being included in a particular parameter 15 set.
[0098] The memory 245 may store the reconstructed picture or block for use as a reference picture or block, and may provide the reconstructed picture to an output module. 20
[0099] As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, for convenience of explanation, the coding unit is used as a term representing a unit for encoding, but the coding unit may serve as a unit performing decoding as well as encoding. 25
[00100] In addition, a current block may represent a target block to be encoded/decoded. And, the current block may represent a coding tree block (or a coding tree unit), a coding block (or a coding unit), a transform block (or a transform unit), a prediction 30 block (or a prediction unit), or the like depending on an encoding/decoding step.
[00101]
[00102] A picture may be encoded/decoded by divided into base blocks having a square shape or a non-square 35 shape. At this time, the base block may be referred to 23
as a coding tree unit. The coding tree unit may be defined as a coding unit of the largest size allowed within a sequence or a slice. Information regarding whether the coding tree unit has a square shape or has a non-square shape or information regarding a size of 5 the coding tree unit may be signaled through a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, or a slice header. The coding tree unit may be divided into smaller size partitions. At this time, if it is assumed that a depth of a partition generated by 10 dividing the coding tree unit is 1, a depth of a partition generated by dividing the partition having depth 1 may be defined as 2. That is, a partition generated by dividing a partition having a depth k in the coding tree unit may be defined as having a depth 15 k+1.
[00103] A partition of arbitrary size generated by dividing a coding tree unit may be defined as a coding unit. The coding unit may be recursively divided or divided into base units for performing prediction, 20 quantization, transform, or in-loop filtering, and the like. For example, a partition of arbitrary size generated by dividing the coding unit may be defined as a coding unit, or may be defined as a transform unit or a prediction unit, which is a base unit for 25 performing prediction, quantization, transform or in-loop filtering and the like.
[00104] Partitioning of a coding tree unit or a coding unit may be performed based on at least one of a vertical line and a horizontal line. In addition, 30 the number of vertical lines or horizontal lines partitioning the coding tree unit or the coding unit may be at least one or more. For example, the coding tree unit or the coding unit may be divided into two partitions using one vertical line or one horizontal 35 line, or the coding tree unit or the coding unit may 24
be divided into three partitions using two vertical lines or two horizontal lines. Alternatively, the coding tree unit or the coding unit may be partitioned into four partitions having a length and a width of 1/2 by using one vertical line and one horizontal 5 line.
[00105] When a coding tree unit or a coding unit is divided into a plurality of partitions using at least one vertical line or at least one horizontal line, the partitions may have a uniform size or a different 10 size. Alternatively, any one partition may have a different size from the remaining partitions.
[00106] In the embodiments described below, it is assumed that a coding tree unit or a coding unit is divided into a quad tree structure or a binary tree 15 structure. However, it is also possible to divide a coding tree unit or a coding unit using a larger number of vertical lines or a larger number of horizontal lines.
[00107] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 20 of hierarchically partitioning a coding block based on a tree structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[00108] An input video signal is decoded in predetermined block units. Such a default unit for 25 decoding the input video signal is a coding block. The coding block may be a unit performing intra/inter prediction, transform, and quantization. In addition, a prediction mode (e.g., intra prediction mode or inter prediction mode) is determined in units of a 30 coding block, and the prediction blocks included in the coding block may share the determined prediction mode. The coding block may be a square or non-square block having an arbitrary size in a range of 8x8 to 64x64, or may be a square or non-square block having a 35 size of 128x128, 256x256, or more. 25
[00109] Specifically, the coding block may be hierarchically partitioned based on at least one of a quad tree and a binary tree. Here, quad tree-based partitioning may mean that a 2Nx2N coding block is partitioned into four NxN coding blocks, and binary 5 tree-based partitioning may mean that one coding block is partitioned into two coding blocks. Even if the binary tree-based partitioning is performed, a square-shaped coding block may exist in the lower depth.
[00110] Binary tree-based partitioning may be 10 symmetrically or asymmetrically performed. The coding block partitioned based on the binary tree may be a square block or a non-square block, such as a rectangular shape. For example, a partition type in which the binary tree-based partitioning is allowed 15 may comprise at least one of a symmetric type of 2NxN (horizontal directional non-square coding unit) or Nx2N (vertical direction non-square coding unit), asymmetric type of nLx2N, nRx2N, 2NxnU, or 2NxnD.
[00111] Binary tree-based partitioning may be 20 limitedly allowed to one of a symmetric or an asymmetric type partition. In this case, constructing the coding tree unit with square blocks may correspond to quad tree CU partitioning, and constructing the coding tree unit with symmetric non-square blocks may 25 correspond to binary tree partitioning. Constructing the coding tree unit with square blocks and symmetric non-square blocks may correspond to quad and binary tree CU partitioning.
[00112] Binary tree-based partitioning may be 30 performed on a coding block where quad tree-based partitioning is no longer performed. Quad tree-based partitioning may no longer be performed on the coding block partitioned based on the binary tree.
[00113] Furthermore, partitioning of a lower depth 35 may be determined depending on a partition type of an 26
upper depth. For example, if binary tree-based partitioning is allowed in two or more depths, only the same type as the binary tree partitioning of the upper depth may be allowed in the lower depth. For example, if the binary tree-based partitioning in the 5 upper depth is performed with 2NxN type, the binary tree-based partitioning in the lower depth is also performed with 2NxN type. Alternatively, if the binary tree-based partitioning in the upper depth is performed with Nx2N type, the binary tree-based 10 partitioning in the lower depth is also performed with Nx2N type.
[00114] On the contrary, it is also possible to allow, in a lower depth, only a type different from a binary tree partitioning type of a upper depth. 15
[00115] It may be possible to limit only a specific type of binary tree based partitioning to be used for sequence, slice, coding tree unit, or coding unit. As an example, only 2NxN type or Nx2N type of binary tree-based partitioning may be allowed for the coding 20 tree unit. An available partition type may be predefined in an encoder or a decoder. Or information on available partition type or on unavailable partition type on may be encoded and then signaled through a bitstream. 25
[00116] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which only a specific type of binary tree-based partitioning is allowed. FIG. 5A shows an example in which only Nx2N type of binary tree-based partitioning is allowed, and FIG. 5B shows an example in which only 30 2NxN type of binary tree-based partitioning is allowed. In order to implement adaptive partitioning based on the quad tree or binary tree, information indicating quad tree-based partitioning, information on the size/depth of the coding block that quad tree-35 based partitioning is allowed, information indicating
27
binary tree-based partitioning, information on the size/depth of the coding block that binary tree-based partitioning is allowed, information on the size/depth of the coding block that binary tree-based partitioning is not allowed, information on whether 5 binary tree-based partitioning is performed in a vertical direction or a horizontal direction, etc. may be used.
[00117] In addition, information on the number of times a binary tree partitioning is allowed, a depth 10 at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed, or the number of the depths at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed may be obtained for a coding tree unit or a specific coding unit. The information may be encoded in units of a coding tree unit or a 15 coding unit, and may be transmitted to a decoder through a bitstream.
[00118] For example, a syntax 'max_binary_depth_idx_minus1' indicating a maximum depth at which binary tree partitioning is allowed may 20 be encoded / decoded through a bitstream. In this case, max_binary_depth_idx_minus1 + 1 may indicate the maximum depth at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed.
[00119] Referring to the example shown in FIG. 6, 25 in FIG. 6, the binary tree partitioning has been performed for a coding unit having a depth of 2 and a coding unit having a depth of 3. Accordingly, at least one of information indicating the number of times the binary tree partitioning in the coding tree unit has 30 been performed (i.e., 2 times), information indicating the maximum depth which the binary tree partitioning has been allowed in the coding tree unit (i.e., depth 3), or the number of depths in which the binary tree partitioning has been performed in the coding tree 35 unit (i.e., 2 (depth 2 and depth 3)) may be encoded /
28
decoded through a bitstream.
[00120] As another example, at least one of information on the number of times the binary tree partitioning is permitted, the depth at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed, or the number of 5 the depths at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed may be obtained for each sequence or each slice. For example, the information may be encoded in units of a sequence, a picture, or a slice unit and transmitted through a bitstream. Accordingly, at least 10 one of the number of the binary tree partitioning in a first slice, the maximum depth in which the binary tree partitioning is allowed in the first slice, or the number of depths in which the binary tree partitioning is performed in the first slice may be 15 difference from a second slice. For example, in the first slice, binary tree partitioning may be permitted for only one depth, while in the second slice, binary tree partitioning may be permitted for two depths.
[00121] As another example, the number of times the 20 binary tree partitioning is permitted, the depth at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed, or the number of depths at which the binary tree partitioning is allowed may be set differently according to a time level identifier (TemporalID) of a slice or a picture. 25 Here, the temporal level identifier (TemporalID) is used to identify each of a plurality of layers of video having a scalability of at least one of view, spatial, temporal or quality.
[00122] As shown in FIG. 3, the first coding block 30 300 with the partition depth (split depth) of k may be partitioned into multiple second coding blocks based on the quad tree. For example, the second coding blocks 310 to 340 may be square blocks having the half width and the half height of the first coding block, 35 and the partition depth of the second coding block may 29
be increased to k+1.
[00123] The second coding block 310 with the partition depth of k+1 may be partitioned into multiple third coding blocks with the partition depth of k+2. Partitioning of the second coding block 310 5 may be performed by selectively using one of the quad tree and the binary tree depending on a partitioning method. Here, the partitioning method may be determined based on at least one of the information indicating quad tree-based partitioning and the 10 information indicating binary tree-based partitioning.
[00124] When the second coding block 310 is partitioned based on the quad tree, the second coding block 310 may be partitioned into four third coding blocks 310a having the half width and the half height 15 of the second coding block, and the partition depth of the third coding block 310a may be increased to k+2. In contrast, when the second coding block 310 is partitioned based on the binary tree, the second coding block 310 may be partitioned into two third 20 coding blocks. Here, each of two third coding blocks may be a non-square block having one of the half width and the half height of the second coding block, and the partition depth may be increased to k+2. The second coding block may be determined as a non-square 25 block of a horizontal direction or a vertical direction depending on a partitioning direction, and the partitioning direction may be determined based on the information on whether binary tree-based partitioning is performed in a vertical direction or a 30 horizontal direction.
[00125] In the meantime, the second coding block 310 may be determined as a leaf coding block that is no longer partitioned based on the quad tree or the binary tree. In this case, the leaf coding block may 35 be used as a prediction block or a transform block. 30
[00126] Like partitioning of the second coding block 310, the third coding block 310a may be determined as a leaf coding block, or may be further partitioned based on the quad tree or the binary tree.
[00127] In the meantime, the third coding block 5 310b partitioned based on the binary tree may be further partitioned into coding blocks 310b-2 of a vertical direction or coding blocks 310b-3 of a horizontal direction based on the binary tree, and the partition depth of the relevant coding blocks may be 10 increased to k+3. Alternatively, the third coding block 310b may be determined as a leaf coding block 310b-1 that is no longer partitioned based on the binary tree. In this case, the coding block 310b-1 may be used as a prediction block or a transform 15 block. However, the above partitioning process may be limitedly performed based on at least one of the information on the size/depth of the coding block that quad tree-based partitioning is allowed, the information on the size/depth of the coding block that 20 binary tree-based partitioning is allowed, and the information on the size/depth of the coding block that binary tree-based partitioning is not allowed.
[00128] A number of a candidate that represent a size of a coding block may be limited to a 25 predetermined number, or a size of a coding block in a predetermined unit may have a fixed value. As an example, the size of the coding block in a sequence or in a picture may be limited to have 256x256, 128x128, or 32x32. Information indicating the size of the 30 coding block in the sequence or in the picture may be signaled through a sequence header or a picture header.
[00129] As a result of partitioning based on a quad tree and a binary tree, a coding unit may be 35 represented as square or rectangular shape of an
31
arbitrary size.
[00130]
[00131] A coding block is encoded using at least one of a skip mode, intra prediction, inter prediction, or a skip method. Once a coding block is 5 determined, a prediction block may be determined through predictive partitioning of the coding block. The predictive partitioning of the coding block may be performed by a partition mode (Part_mode) indicating a partition type of the coding block. A size or a shape 10 of the prediction block may be determined according to the partition mode of the coding block. For example, a size of a prediction block determined according to the partition mode may be equal to or smaller than a size of a coding block. 15
[00132] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a partition mode that may be applied to a coding block when the coding block is encoded by inter prediction.
[00133] When a coding block is encoded by inter prediction, one of 8 partitioning modes may be applied 20 to the coding block, as in the example shown in FIG. 4.
[00134] When a coding block is encoded by intra prediction, a partition mode PART_2Nx2N or a partition mode PART_NxN may be applied to the coding block. 25
[00135] PART_NxN may be applied when a coding block has a minimum size. Here, the minimum size of the coding block may be predefined in an encoder and a decoder. Or, information regarding the minimum size of the coding block may be signaled via a bitstream. For 30 example, the minimum size of the coding block may be signaled through a slice header, so that the minimum size of the coding block may be defined per slice.
[00136] In general, a prediction block may have a size from 64×64 to 4×4. However, when a coding block 35 is encoded by inter prediction, it may be restricted
32
that the prediction block does not have a 4x4 size in order to reduce memory bandwidth when performing motion compensation.
[00137]
[00138] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating 5 processes of obtaining a residual sample according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
[00139] First, a residual coefficient of a current block may be obtained S810. A decoder may obtain a 10 residual coefficient through a coefficient scanning method. For example, the decoder may perform a coefficient scan using a jig-zag scan, a vertical scan, or a horizontal scan, and may obtain residual coefficients in a form of a two-dimensional block. 15
[00140] An inverse quantization may be performed on the residual coefficient of the current block S820.
[00141] An inverse transform is selectively performed according to whether to skip the inverse transform on the dequantized residual coefficient of 20 the current block S830. Specifically, the decoder may determine whether to skip the inverse transform on at least one of a horizontal direction or a vertical direction of the current block. When it is determined to apply the inverse transform on at least one of the 25 horizontal direction or the vertical direction of the current block, a residual sample of the current block may be obtained by inverse transforming the dequantized residual coefficient of the current block. Here, the inverse transform can be performed using at least one 30 of DCT, DST, and KLT.
[00142] When the inverse transform is skipped in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the current block, inverse transform is not performed in the horizontal direction and the 35 vertical direction of the current block. In this case,
33
the residual sample of the current block may be obtained by scaling the dequantized residual coefficient with a predetermined value.
[00143] Skipping the inverse transform on the horizontal direction means that the inverse transform 5 is not performed on the horizontal direction but the inverse transform is performed on the vertical direction. At this time, scaling may be performed in the horizontal direction.
[00144] Skipping the inverse transform on the 10 vertical direction means that the inverse transform is not performed on the vertical direction but the inverse transform is performed on the horizontal direction. At this time, scaling may be performed in the vertical direction. 15
[00145] It may be determined whether or not an inverse transform skip technique may be used for the current block depending on a partition type of the current block. For example, if the current block is generated through a binary tree-based partitioning, the 20 inverse transform skip scheme may be restricted for the current block. Accordingly, when the current block is generated through the binary tree-based partitioning, the residual sample of the current block may be obtained by inverse transforming the current block. In 25 addition, when the current block is generated through binary tree-based partitioning, encoding/decoding of information indicating whether or not the inverse transform is skipped (e.g., transform_skip_flag) may be omitted. 30
[00146] Alternatively, when the current block is generated through binary tree-based partitioning, it is possible to limit the inverse transform skip scheme to at least one of the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. Here, the direction in which the 35 inverse transform skip scheme is limited may be 34
determined based on information decoded from the bitstream, or may be adaptively determined based on at least one of a size of the current block, a shape of the current block, or an intra prediction mode of the current block. 5
[00147] For example, when the current block is a non-square block having a width greater than a height, the inverse transform skip scheme may be allowed only in the vertical direction and restricted in the horizontal direction. That is, when the current block 10 is 2NxN, the inverse transform is performed in the horizontal direction of the current block, and the inverse transform may be selectively performed in the vertical direction.
[00148] On the other hand, when the current block 15 is a non-square block having a height greater than a width, the inverse transform skip scheme may be allowed only in the horizontal direction and restricted in the vertical direction. That is, when the current block is Nx2N, the inverse transform is performed in the 20 vertical direction of the current block, and the inverse transform may be selectively performed in the horizontal direction.
[00149] In contrast to the above example, when the current block is a non-square block having a width 25 greater than a height, the inverse transform skip scheme may be allowed only in the horizontal direction, and when the current block is a non-square block having a height greater than a width, the inverse transform skip scheme may be allowed only in the vertical 30 direction.
[00150] Information indicating whether or not to skip the inverse transform with respect to the horizontal direction or information indicating whether to skip the inverse transformation with respect to the 35 vertical direction may be signaled through a bitstream.
35
For example, the information indicating whether or not to skip the inverse transform on the horizontal direction is a 1-bit flag, 'hor_transform_skip_flag', and information indicating whether to skip the inverse transform on the vertical direction is a 1-bit flag, 5 'ver_transform_skip_flag '. The encoder may encode at least one of 'hor_transform_skip_flag' or 'ver_transform_skip_flag' according to the shape of the current block. Further, the decoder may determine whether or not the inverse transform on the horizontal 10 direction or on the vertical direction is skipped by using at least one of "hor_transform_skip_flag" or "ver_transform_skip_flag".
[00151] It may be set to skip the inverse transform for any one direction of the current block depending on 15 a partition type of the current block. For example, if the current block is generated through a binary tree-based partitioning, the inverse transform on the horizontal direction or vertical direction may be skipped. That is, if the current block is generated by 20 binary tree-based partitioning, it may be determined that the inverse transform for the current block is skipped on at least one of a horizontal direction or a vertical direction without encoding/decoding information (e.g., transform_skip_flag, 25 hor_transform_skip_flag, ver_transform_skip_flag) indicating whether or not the inverse transform of the current block is skipped.
[00152]
[00153] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an inter 30 prediction method according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
[00154] Referring to FIG. 9, motion information of a current block is determined S910. The motion information of the current block may include at least 35 one of a motion vector relating to the current block, a 36
reference picture index of the current block, or an inter prediction direction of the current block.
[00155] The motion information of the current block may be obtained based on at least one of information signaled through a bitstream or motion information of a 5 neighboring block adjacent to the current block.
[00156] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating processes of deriving motion information of a current block when a merge mode is applied to the current block.
[00157] If the merge mode is applied to the current 10 block, a spatial merge candidate may be derived from a spatial neighboring block of the current block S1010. The spatial neighboring block may comprise at least one of blocks adjacent to a left, a top or a corner (e.g., at least one of a top-left corner, a right-top corner 15 or a left-bottom corner) of the current block.
[00158] Motion information of the spatial merge candidate may be set to be the same as motion information of the spatial neighboring block.
[00159] A temporal merge candidate may be derived 20 from a temporal neighboring block of the current block S1020. The temporal neighboring block may mean a block included in a collocated picture. The collocated picture has a picture order count (POC) different from a current picture including the current block. The 25 collocated picture may be determined as a picture having a predefined index in a reference picture list or may be determined by an index signaled from a bitstream. The temporal neighboring block may be determined to be a block comprising coordinates in a 30 collocated block that has the same position as the current block in the collocated picture, or a block adjacent to the collocated block. For example, at least one of a block including center coordinates of the collocated block or a block adjacent to the bottom left 35 boundary of the collocated block may be determined as 37
the temporal neighboring block.
[00160] Motion information of the temporal merge candidate may be determined based on motion information of the temporal neighboring block. For example, a motion vector of the temporal merge candidate may be 5 determined based on a motion vector of the temporal neighboring block. In addition, an inter prediction direction of the temporal merge candidate may be set to be the same as an inter prediction direction of the temporal neighboring block. However, a reference 10 picture index of the temporal merge candidate may have a fixed value. For example, the reference picture index of the temporal merge candidate may be set to '0'.
[00161] Thereafter, a merge candidate list including the spatial merge candidate and the temporal 15 merge candidate may be generated S1030. If the number of merge candidates included in the merge candidate list is smaller than a maximum merge candidate number, a combined merge candidate combining two or more merge candidates may be included in the merge candidate list. 20
[00162] When the merge candidate list is generated, at least one of merge candidates included in the merge candidate list may be specified based on a merge candidate index S1040.
[00163] Motion information of the current block may 25 be set to be the same as motion information of the merge candidate specified by the merge candidate index S1050. For example, when the spatial merge candidate is selected by the merge candidate index, the motion information of the current block may be set to be the 30 same as the motion information of the spatial neighboring block. Alternatively, when the temporal merge candidate is selected by the merge candidate index, the motion information of the current block may be set to be the same as the motion information of the 35 temporal neighboring block. 38
[00164] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating processes of deriving motion information of a current block when an AMVP mode is applied to the current block.
[00165] When the AMVP mode is applied to the current block, at least one of an inter prediction 5 direction of the current block or a reference picture index may be decoded from a bitstream S1110. That is, when the AMVP mode is applied, at least one of the inter prediction direction or the reference picture index of the current block may be determined based on 10 information encoded through the bitstream.
[00166] A spatial motion vector candidate may be determined based on a motion vector of a spatial neighboring block of the current block S1120. The spatial motion vector candidate may include at least 15 one of a first spatial motion vector candidate derived from a top neighboring block of the current block and a second spatial motion vector candidate derived from a left neighboring block of the current block. Here, the top neighboring block may include at least one of 20 blocks adjacent to a top or a top right corner of the current block, and the left neighboring block of the current block may include at least one of blocks adjacent to a left or a bottom left corner of the current block. A block adjacent to a top left corner of 25 the current block may be treated as the top neighboring block, or as the left neighboring block.
[00167] When reference pictures between the current block and the spatial neighboring block are different from each other, it is also possible to obtain the 30 spatial motion vector by scaling the motion vector of the spatial neighboring block.
[00168] A temporal motion vector candidate may be determined based on a motion vector of a temporal neighboring block of the current block S1130. When 35 reference pictures between the current block and the 39
temporal neighboring block are different from each other, it is also possible to obtain the temporal motion vector by scaling the motion vector of the temporal neighboring block.
[00169] A motion vector candidate list including 5 the spatial motion vector candidate and the temporal motion vector candidate may be generated S1140.
[00170] When the motion vector candidate list is generated, at least one of motion vector candidates included in the motion vector candidate list may be 10 specified based on information specifying at least one from the motion vector candidate list S1150.
[00171] The motion vector candidate specified by the information may be set as a motion vector prediction value of the current block, and a motion 15 vector difference value may be added to the motion vector prediction value to obtain a motion vector of the current block S1160. At this time, the motion vector difference value may be parsed through the bitstream. 20
[00172] When motion information of the current block is obtained, motion compensation for the current block may be performed based on the obtained motion information S920. More specifically, the motion compensation for the current block may be performed 25 based on the inter prediction direction, the reference picture index, and the motion vector of the current block.
[00173] The inter prediction direction may indicate N directions. Here, N is a natural number, and may be 30 1, 2, or 3 or more. If the inter prediction direction indicates N directions, it means that inter prediction of the current block is performed based on N reference pictures or N reference blocks. For example, when the inter prediction direction of the current block 35 indicates a uni-direction, the inter prediction of the
40
current block may be performed based on one reference picture. On the other hands, when the inter prediction of the current block indicates a bi-direction, the inter prediction of the current block may be performed using two reference pictures or two reference blocks. 5
[00174] It is also possible to determine whether a multi-directional prediction is allowed for the current block based on at least one of a size or a shape of the current block. For example, when a coding unit has a square shape, the multi-directional prediction is 10 allowed for encoding/decoding thereof. On the other hand, when the coding unit has a non-square shape, only uni-directional prediction is allowed for encoding/decoding thereof. On the contrary to the cases above, it is also possible to set that the multi-15 directional prediction is allowed for encoding/decoding the coding unit when it has the non-square shape, and only the uni-directional prediction is allowed for encoding/decoding the coding unit when it has the square shape. Alternatively, it is also possible to set 20 that the multi-directional prediction is not allowed for encoding/decoding a prediction unit, when the prediction unit has the non-square shape of 4x8 or 8x4 or the like.
[00175] The reference picture index may specify a 25 reference picture to be used for inter prediction of the current block. Specifically, the reference picture index may specify any one of reference pictures included in the reference picture list. For example, when the inter prediction direction of the current 30 block is bi-directional, the reference picture (reference picture L0) included in the reference picture list L0 is specified by a reference picture index L0, and the reference picture (reference picture L1) included in the reference picture list L1 is 35 specified by a reference picture index L1. 41
[00176] Alternatively, one reference picture may be included in two or more reference picture lists. Accordingly, even if the reference picture index of the reference picture included in the reference picture list L0 and the reference picture index of the 5 reference picture included in the reference picture list L1 are different, temporal orders (picture order count, POC) of both reference pictures may be the same.
[00177] The motion vector may be used to specify a position of a reference block, in the reference 10 picture, corresponding to a prediction block of the current block. Inter prediction of the current block may be performed based on the reference block, specified by the motion vector, in the reference picture. For example, an integer pixel included in the 15 reference block or a non-integer pixel generated by interpolating integer pixels may be generated as a prediction sample of the current block. It is also possible that reference blocks specified by different motion vectors may be included in the same reference 20 picture. For example, when the reference picture selected from the reference picture list L0 and the reference picture selected from the reference picture list L1 are the same, the reference block specified by a motion vector L0 and the reference block specified by 25 a motion vector L1 may be included in the same reference picture.
[00178] As described above, when the inter prediction direction of the current block indicates two or more directions, the motion compensation for the 30 current block may be performed based on two or more reference pictures or two or more reference blocks.
[00179] For example, when the current block is encoded with bi-directional prediction, the prediction block of the current block may be obtained based on two 35 reference blocks obtained from two reference pictures.
42
Also, when the current block is encoded with bi-directional prediction, a residual block indicating the difference between an original block and the prediction block obtained based on the two reference blocks may be encoded/decoded. 5
[00180] When two or more reference pictures are used, the motion compensation for the current block may be performed by applying the same or different weights to the respective reference pictures. Hereinafter, a method of performing weighted prediction on the current 10 block will be described in detail in the following embodiments when the inter prediction direction indicates two or more directions. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the inter prediction direction of the current block is bi-directional. 15 However, even when the inter prediction direction of the current block indicates three or more, the following embodiment can be applied with application. In addition, the motion compensation for the current block using two prediction images will be referred to 20 as a bi-directional prediction method or a bi-directional prediction encoding/decoding method.
[00181] When the bi-directional prediction is applied to the current block, reference pictures used for the bi-directional prediction of the current block 25 may include a picture whose temporal order (Picture Order Count, POC) is previous to the current picture, a picture whose temporal order is subsequent to the current picture, or the current picture. For example, one of two reference pictures may be a picture whose 30 temporal order is previous to the current picture, and the other picture may be a picture whose temporal order is subsequent to the current picture. Alternatively, one of the two reference pictures may be the current picture, and the other picture may be a picture whose 35 temporal order is previous to the current block or
43
whose temporal order is subsequent to the current picture. Alternatively, both of the two reference pictures may have temporal orders previous to the current picture, or may have temporal orders subsequent to the current picture. Alternatively, both of the two 5 reference pictures may be the current picture.
[00182] Two prediction blocks may be generated from each of two reference picture lists. For example, a prediction block based on the reference picture L0 may be generated based on the motion vector L0, and a 10 prediction block based on the reference picture L1 may be generated based on the motion vector L1. It is also possible that the prediction block generated by the motion vector L0 and the prediction block generated by the motion vector L1 may be generated based on the same 15 reference picture.
[00183] A prediction block of the current block may be obtained based on an average value of the prediction blocks generated based on both reference pictures. For example, Equation 1 shows an example of obtaining the 20 prediction block of the current block based on the average value of a plurality of the prediction blocks.
[00184] [Equation 1]
[00185] In Equation 1, P(x) denotes a final 25 prediction sample of the current block or a bi-directionally predicted prediction sample, and PN(x) denotes a sample value of a prediction block LN generated based on a reference picture LN. For example, P0(x) may mean a prediction sample of the prediction 30 block generated based on the reference picture L0, and P1(x) may mean a prediction sample of the prediction block generated based on the reference picture L1. That is, according to Equation 1, the final prediction block of the current block may be obtained based on the 35 weighted sum of the plurality of the prediction blocks
44
generated based on the plurality of the reference pictures. At this time, a weight of a fixed value predefined in the encoder/decoder may be assigned to each prediction block.
[00186] According to an embodiment of the present 5 invention, the final prediction block of the current block is obtained based on the weighted sum of a plurality of the prediction blocks, and the weight assigned to each prediction block may be variably/adaptively determined. For example, when both 10 reference pictures or both prediction blocks have different brightness, it is more effective to perform bi-directional prediction for the current block by applying different weights to each of the prediction blocks than to perform the bi-directional prediction 15 for the current block by averaging the prediction blocks. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the bi-directional prediction method when the weight assigned to each of the prediction blocks is variably/adaptively determined will be referred to as 20 'bi-directional weighted prediction'.
[00187] It is also possible to determine whether or not the bi-directional weighted prediction is allowed for the current block based on at least one of a size or a shape of the current block. For example, if the 25 coding unit has a square shape, it is allowed to encode/decode thereof using the bi-directional weighted prediction, whereas if the coding unit has a non-square shape, it is not allowed to encode/decode thereof using the bi-directional weighted prediction. On the contrary 30 to the above cases, it is also possible to set that it is allowed to encode/decode the coding block using the bi-directional weighted prediction when it has the non-square shape, and it is not allowed to encode/decode the coding block using the bi-directional weighted 35 prediction when it has the square shape. Alternatively,
45
it is also possible to set that the the bi-directional weighted prediction is not allowed for encoding/decoding the prediction unit when the prediction unit is a non-square partition having a size of 4x8 or 8x4 or the like. 5
[00188] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a bi-directional weighted prediction method, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[00189] In order to perform the bi-directional weighted prediction, a weighted prediction parameter 10 for the current block may be determined S1210. The weighted prediction parameter may be used to determine a weight to be applied to both reference pictures. For example, as depicted in FIG. 13, a weight of 1-w may be applied to a prediction block generated based on a 15 reference picture L0, and a weight of w may be applied to a prediction block generated based on a reference picture L1. Based on the weighted prediction parameters, the weight to be applied to each prediction block is determined S1220, and a weighted sum operation 20 of a plurality of the prediction blocks is performed based on the determined weight to generate a final predicted block of the current block S1230. For example, the final prediction block of the current block may be generated based on the following Equation 25 2.
[00190] [Equation 2]
[00191] In Equation 2, w represents the weighted prediction parameter. 30
[00192] As shown in Equation 2, the final prediction block P(x) of the current block may be obtained by assigning the weight of 1-w to the prediction block P0 and assigning the weight of w to the prediction block P1. It is also possible to assign 35 the weight of w to the prediction block P0 and to
46
assign the weight of 1-w to the prediction block P1, as opposed to that shown in Equation 2.
[00193] The weighted prediction parameter may be determined based on a difference of brightness between the reference pictures, or may be determined based on a 5 distance between the current picture and the reference pictures (i.e., the POC difference). Alternatively, it is also possible to determine the weighted prediction parameter based on the size or the shape of the current block. 10
[00194] The weighted prediction parameter may be determined in units of a block (for example, a coding tree unit, a coding unit, a prediction unit, or a transform unit), or may be determined in units of a slice or a picture. 15
[00195] At this time, the weighted prediction parameter may be determined based on predefined candidate weighted prediction parameters. As an example, the weighted prediction parameter may be determined to be one of predefined values like -1/4, 20 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 or 5/4.
[00196] Alternatively, after determining a weighted prediction parameter set for the current block, it is also possible to determine the weighted prediction parameter from at least one of candidate weighted 25 prediction parameters included in the determined weighted prediction parameter set. The weighted prediction parameter set may be determined in units of a block (for example, a coding tree unit, a coding unit, a prediction unit, or a transform unit), or may 30 be determined in units of a slice or a picture.
[00197] For example, if one of weighted prediction parameter sets w0 and w1 is selected, at least one of candidate weighted prediction parameters included in the selected weighted prediction parameter set may be 35 determined as the weighted prediction parameter for the
47
current block. For example, it is assumed as 'w0 = {-1/4, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 5/4}' and 'w1 = {-3/8, 4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4}'. When the weighted prediction parameter set w0 is selected, the weighted prediction parameter w of the current block may be determined as 5 one of the candidate weighted prediction parameters -1/4, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 and 5/4 included in the w0.
[00198] The weighted prediction parameter set available for the current block may be determined 10 according to a temporal order or a temporal direction of the reference picture used for the bi-directional prediction. The temporal order may indicate an encoding/decoding order between pictures, or may indicate an output order (e.g., POC) of the pictures. 15 In addition, the temporal direction may indicate whether the temporal order of the reference picture is previous to or subsequent to the current picture.
[00199] As an example, depending on whether two reference pictures used for the bi-directional 20 prediction have the same temporal order, the weighted prediction parameter set available to the current picture may be determined. For example, depending on whether the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are the same picture (that is, the temporal 25 order of the pictures being same) or whether the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are different from each other (that is, temporal orders of the pictures being different), the weighted prediction parameter set available for the current block may be 30 variably determined.
[00200] Different weighted prediction parameter sets may mean that at least one of an absolute value, a sign, or a number of weighted prediction parameters included in each set of weighted prediction parameters 35 are different. For example, when the temporal
48
directions of the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are the same, the weighted prediction parameter set w0 = {-1/4, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 5/4} may be used, and when the temporal directions of the reference picture L0 and the reference picture 5 L1 are different, the weighted prediction parameters set w1 = {-3/8, -1/4, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, / 8, 3/4} may be used.
[00201] As an example, depending on whether or not the temporal directions of the two reference pictures 10 used in the bi-directional prediction are the same, the weighted prediction parameter set available for the current picture may be determined. For example, the weighted prediction parameter set available for the current block may be determined differently between 15 when the temporal directions of the two reference pictures are the same and when the temporal directions of the two reference pictures are different. Specifically, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be determined differently according 20 to whether or not both the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are previous to the current picture, whether or not both the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are subsequent to the current picture, or whether or not the temporal 25 directions of the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are different.
[00202] The number of available candidate weighted prediction parameters or the number of available weighted prediction parameter sets may be set 30 differently for each block, each slice or each picture. For example, the number of available candidate weighted prediction parameters or the number of available weighted prediction parameter sets may be signaled in units of a slice. Accordingly, the number of available 35 candidate weighted prediction parameters or the number
49
of available weighted prediction parameter sets may be different for each slice.
[00203] The weighted prediction parameter may be derived from a neighboring block adjacent to the current block. Here, the neighboring block adjacent to 5 the current block may include at least one of a spatial neighboring block or a temporal neighboring block of the current block.
[00204] As an example, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be set to a minimum 10 value or a maximum value among weighted prediction parameters of neighboring blocks adjacent to the current block, or may be set to an average value of weighted prediction parameters of neighboring blocks.
[00205] As an example, the weighted prediction 15 parameter of the current block may be derived from a neighboring block located at a predetermined position among neighboring blocks adjacent to the current block. Here, the predetermined position may be determined variably or fixedly. Specifically, the position of the 20 neighboring block is determined by a size of the current block (e.g., a coding unit, a prediction unit or a transform unit), a position of the current block in the coding tree unit, a shape of the current block (e.g., a partition type of the current block), or a 25 partition index of the current block. Alternatively, the position of the neighboring block may be predefined in the encoder/decoder and fixedly determined.
[00206] As an example, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be derived from a 30 neighboring block to which the bi-directional weighted prediction is applied among neighboring blocks adjacent to the current block. Specifically, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be derived from a weighted prediction parameter of a first 35 detected neighboring block to which the bi-directional
50
weighted prediction is applied when the neighboring blocks adjacent to the current block is scanned in a predetermined order. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a scan order between neighboring blocks. In FIG. 14, the scan is performed in order of a left neighboring 5 block, an upper neighboring block, an upper right neighboring block, a lower left neighboring block, and a left upper neighboring block, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example. When the scan is performed following the predefined 10 order, the weighted prediction parameter of the first detected neighboring block to which the bi-directional weighted prediction may be used as the weighted prediction parameter of the current block.
[00207] Alternatively, when the scan is performed 15 following the predefined order, it is also possible to set the weighted prediction parameter of the first detected neighboring block to which the weighted bi-directional prediction is applied as the weighted prediction parameter prediction value of the current 20 block. In this case, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be obtained by using the weighted prediction parameter prediction value and the weighted prediction parameter residual value.
[00208] As an example, it is also possible to 25 derive the weighted prediction parameter of the current block from a spatial or a temporal neighboring block merged with motion information of the current block, or from a spatial or a temporal neighboring block used to derive a motion vector prediction value of the current 30 block.
[00209] It is also possible to signal information for determining the weighted prediction parameter through a bitstream. For example, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be 35 determined based on at least one of information 51
indicating a value of the weighted prediction parameter, index information specifying one of candidate weighted prediction parameters, or set index information specifying one of weighted prediction parameter sets. 5
[00210] In binarizing and encoding weighted prediction parameters, the smallest binary codeword may be mapped to a weighted prediction parameter having the highest frequency of use statistically. For example, truncated unary binarization may be performed on the 10 weighted prediction parameter as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 is an example in case of cMax is 6.
[00211] [Table 1]
Index
Weighted prediction parameter
Binary codeword
0
-1/4
111111
1
1/4
11110
2
3/8
110
3
1/2
0
4
5/8
10
5
3/4
1110
6
5/4
111110
[00212] The truncated unary binarization method shown in Table 1 is basically the same as a unary 15 binarization method except that a conversion is performed after receiving the maximum value (cMax) of the input in advance. Table 2 shows the truncated unary binarization with cMax of 13.
[00213] [Table 2] 20
Value
Binarization
0
0
1
1 0
2
1 1 0
3
1 1 1 0
...
52
12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
13
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
[00214] During the weighted prediction parameter binarization, it is also possible to use different binary codewords depending on whether or not the temporal directions of the reference pictures used for the bi-directional prediction are the same. For 5 example, Table 3 illustrates binary codewords according to whether or not the temporal directions of the reference picture L0 and the reference picture L1 are the same.
[00215] [Table 3] 10
Index
Weighted prediction parameter
Binary codeword when bi-directional prediction is performed with different directions
Binary codeword when bi-directional prediction is performed with same direction
0
-1/4
111111
111110
1
1/4
11110
1110
2
3/8
110
10
3
1/2
0
0
4
5/8
10
110
5
3/4
1110
11110
6
5/4
111110
111110
[00216] It is also possible to determine the weight prediction parameter of the current block according to a temporal order difference between the current picture and the reference picture. Here, the temporal order difference may indicate encoding/decoding order 15 difference between pictures or output order difference between pictures (e.g., a POC difference value). For example, the weighted prediction parameter of the current picture may be determined based on at least one of the POC difference value between the current picture 20
53
and the reference picture L0 (hereinafter referred to as a first reference distance) and the POC difference value between the current picture and the reference picture L1 (hereinafter referred to as a second reference distance). 5
[00217] Specifically, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be determined based on a ratio between the first reference distance and the second reference distance. When the first reference distance is w and the second reference distance is h, 10 w/(w+h) may be used as the weighted prediction parameter of the current block. For example, when the first reference distance and the second reference distance are the same, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be determined as 15 1/2. In addition, when the first reference distance is 1 and the second reference distance is 3, the weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be determined as 1/4.
[00218] Alternatively, when the first reference 20 distance is w and the second reference distance is h, it is also possible to use a candidate weighted prediction parameter having a value most similar to w/(w+h) among candidate weighted prediction parameters as the weighted prediction parameter of the current 25 block.
[00219] Alternatively, it is also possible to binarize the weighted prediction parameter of the current block in consideration of the first reference distance and the second reference distance. Table 4 30 shows binary codewords based on the first reference distance and the second reference distance.
[00220] [Table 4]
Index
Weighted prediction parameter
When first reference distance is
When first reference distance
When first reference distance
54
equal to second reference distance
and second reference distance are different (first reference distance = 2, second reference distance 1)
and second reference distance are different (first reference distance = 1, second reference distance 2)
0
-1/4
111111
111110
111111
1
1/4
11110
11110
0
2
3/8
110
1110
110
3
1/2
0
10
10
4
5/8
10
0
1110
5
3/4
1110
110
11110
6
5/4
111110
111110
111110
[00221] In the example shown in Table 4, when the first reference distance and the second reference distance are the same, the probability that the weighted prediction parameter will be set to 1/2 is high. As a result, the smallest codeword may be 5 assigned to 1/2 when the first reference distance and the second reference distance are the same.
[00222] When the first reference distance and the second reference distance are different, the smallest binary codeword may be mapped to the weighted 10 prediction parameter that is statistically the most frequently used. For example, when the first reference distance is larger than the second reference distance, the probability that a larger weight will be assigned to the reference picture L1 is high. Accordingly, the 15 smallest binary codeword may be mapped to the weighted prediction parameter larger than 1/2. On the other hand, when the first reference distance is smaller than 55
the second reference distance, the probability that a larger weight will be assigned to the reference picture L0 is high. Accordingly, the smallest binary codeword may be mapped to the weighted prediction parameter smaller than 1/2. 5
[00223] In contrast to the example shown in Table 4, it is also possible to map the smallest binary codeword to the weighted prediction parameter smaller than 1/2 when the first reference distance is larger than the second reference distance, and map the 10 smallest binary codeword to the weighted prediction parameter larger than 1/2 when the first reference distance is smaller than the second reference distance.
[00224]
[00225] Even if a current block is similar to a 15 reference block in a reference picture, if there is a change in brightness between a current picture and a previous picture, efficiency of intra prediction or inter prediction may be decreased. Accordingly, it is possible to consider illumination compensation for 20 compensating a prediction sample generated through the intra prediction or the inter prediction or a reconstruction sample reconstructed based on the prediction sample for the change in brightness between the current picture and the reference picture. The 25 illumination compensation may be performed by applying an illumination compensation weight and an offset to an image that is encoded/decoded in the intra prediction or the inter prediction. For example, the illumination compensation prediction may be performed based on 30 Equation 3 below.
[00226] [Equation 3]
𝑝′=𝑙×𝑝+𝑓
[00227] In Equation 3, p may denote the predicted sample encoded/decoded by the intra prediction or the 35 inter prediction. l denotes the illumination 56
compensation weight, and f denotes the offset. p' may denote a weighted prediction sample to which the illumination compensation is applied.
[00228] It is also possible to apply the illumination compensation to the reconstruction sample 5 obtained based on the prediction sample encoded/decoded in the intra prediction or the inter prediction. Specifically, the illumination compensation may be applied to the reconstruction sample before an in-loop filter is applied, or to the reconstruction sample 10 after the in-loop filter is applied. In this case, in Equation 3, p may denote the reconstruction sample and p' may denote a weighted reconstruction sample to which the illumination compensation is applied.
[00229] An illumination change may occur across the 15 entire area of a current picture or a current slice when comparing it with a previous picture or a previous slice. Accordingly, the illumination compensation may be performed in units of a sequence, a picture or a slice. 20
[00230] Alternatively, the illumination change may occur only in a partial area within a slice or a sequence when comparing it with a previous slice or a previous sequence. Accordingly, the illumination compensation may be performed in units of a 25 predetermined area in a picture or a slice. That is, by determining whether or not to perform the illumination compensation in units of a predetermined area, it is possible to perform the illumination compensation only on a partial area, in which the illumination change is 30 occurred, in a picture or in a slice.
[00231] When the illumination compensation is performed only for the predetermined area within a picture or a slice, information for determining an area where the illumination compensation is performed may be 35 encoded/decoded. For example, information indicating a
57
position of the area where the illumination compensation is performed, a size of the area where the illumination compensation is performed, or a shape of the area in which the illumination compensation is performed may be encoded/decoded. 5
[00232] Alternatively, it is also possible to encode/decode information indicating whether or not the illumination compensation is performed in units of a block. The information may be a flag of 1 bit, but is not limited thereto. For example, whether or not to 10 perform the illumination compensation may be determined in units of a coding tree unit, a coding unit, a prediction unit, or a transform unit. Accordingly, the information indicating whether to perform the illumination compensation may be determined in units of 15 a coding tree unit, a coding unit, a prediction unit, or a transform unit.
[00233] It is also possible to determine the area, in which the illumination compensation is performed, in a picture or a slice, and then determine whether to 20 perform the illumination compensation for each of blocks included in the area. For example, when the predetermined area includes a plurality of coding tree units, a plurality of coding units, a plurality of prediction units or a plurality of transform units, 25 information indicating whether or not to perform the illumination compensation for each block included in the predetermined area may be signaled. Accordingly, the illumination compensation may be selectively performed for each of the blocks included in units of 30 to perform the illumination compensation.
[00234] Based on the above description, the illumination compensation prediction method according to the present invention will be described in detail.
[00235] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of 35 illumination compensation prediction according to the 58
present invention.
[00236] First, an illumination compensation parameter for a current block may be determined S1510. The illumination compensation parameter may include at least one of an illumination compensation weight or an 5 offset.
[00237] The illumination compensation parameter may be signaled through a bitstream in units of a sequence, a picture, a slice, or an encoding/decoding block. Here, the unit of the encoding/decoding block may 10 represent at least one of a coding tree unit, a coding unit, a prediction unit, or a transform unit.
[00238] Alternatively, it is also possible to signal the illumination compensation parameter for each predetermined area in which illumination compensation 15 is performed. For example, the illumination compensation parameter may be signaled for a predetermined area including a plurality of blocks. The plurality of blocks included in the predetermined area may use the same illumination compensation parameter. 20
[00239] The illumination compensation parameter may be signaled regardless of an encoding mode of the current block. Alternatively, whether or not to signal the illumination compensation parameter may be determined according to the encoding mode of the 25 current block. For example, the illumination compensation parameter may be signaled only when the encoding mode of the current block has a predefined mode. Here, the encoding mode may indicate whether the current block is encoded in intra prediction (i.e., 30 intra prediction mode) or whether the current block is encoded in inter prediction (i.e., inter prediction mode). For example, the illumination compensation parameter may be signaled only when the current block is encoded with inter prediction. Alternatively, it is 35 also possible that the encoding mode may indicate one 59
of a skip mode, a merge mode, an AMVP mode, or a current picture referencing mode, which are inter prediction methods of the current block. Here, the current picture referencing mode represents an inter prediction method in which a current picture including 5 the current block is used as a reference picture. When the current picture referencing mode is used, a prediction block of the current block may be derived from an area reconstructed previous to the current block. It is also possible to classify the current 10 picture referencing mode as one of intra prediction modes rather than the inter prediction mode. Alternatively, the current picture referencing mode may be understood to be one embodiment of a skip mode, a merge mode, or an AMVP mode. 15
[00240] As an example, when the current block is encoded with the skip mode or the current picture referencing mode, the illumination compensation parameter may not be signaled. On the other hand, when the current block is encoded with the merge mode or the 20 AMVP mode, the illumination compensation parameter may be signaled through the bitstream. If the illumination compensation parameter is not signaled, the illumination compensation for the current block may not be performed. Alternatively, if the illumination 25 compensation parameter is not signaled, the illumination compensation of the current block may be performed using the illumination compensation parameter predefined in the encoder/decoder.
[00241] The illumination compensation parameter may 30 be derived based on an illumination change between a first template area in the current picture and a second template area in the reference picture. The first template area may be adjacent to the current block, and the second template area may be adjacent to a reference 35 block. Here, the reference block is used to generate 60
the prediction block of the current block, and may be specified by a motion vector of the current block. Alternatively, the second template area may have a position co-located with the first template area in the reference picture. The position of the second template 5 area may be variably determined in accordance with the reference picture or encoding mode of the current block.
[00242] When an unavailable sample is included in the second template area, a replacement value may be 10 assigned to the unavailable sample using an available sample. For example, the available sample may be copied to a position of the unavailable sample, or an interpolated value calculated using a plurality of available samples may be assigned to the position of 15 the unavailable sample. The available sample may be included in the second template region or may be located outside the second template region. For example, the replacement value of the unavailable sample included in the second template area may be 20 calculated based on the available sample included in the reference block. At least one of a filter coefficient, a shape, or the number of filter taps of a filter used in the interpolation may be variably determined based on at least one of a size or a shape 25 of the template region.
[00243] The illumination compensation parameter may be calculated based on a difference value between samples included in the first template region and samples included in the second template region. For 30 example, when a neighboring sample of the current block is assumed as yi (i is 0 to N-1) and a neighboring sample of the reference block is assumed as xi (i is 0 to N-1), the illumination compensation weight l and the offset f may be derived by calculating the minimum 35 value of E (w, f) in Equation 4. 61
[00244] [Equation 4]
[00245] Equation 4 can be modified as following Equation 5.
[00246] [Equation 5] 5
[00247] From Equation 5, Equation 6 for deriving the illumination compensation weight l and Equation 7 for deriving the offset f can be derived.
[00248] [Equation 6] 10
[00249] [Equation 7]
[00250] If the illumination compensation parameter is determined, the illumination compensation for the 15 current block may be performed using the determined illumination compensation parameter S1520. The illumination compensation may be performed by applying the illumination compensation weight and the offset to a block (e.g., a prediction block or a reconstruction 20 block) that is encoded/decoded in the intra prediction or the inter prediction.
[00251]
[00252] When the inter prediction direction of the current block indicates a plurality of directions, 25 compensation may be performed on at least one of a plurality of prediction blocks, and a multi-directional prediction may be performed on the current block based on the prediction block to which the illumination compensation is applied. For example, if the bi-30 directional weighted prediction is applied to the current block, the illumination compensation may be performed on at least one of a first prediction block 62
and a second prediction block, and then, a final predicted block or a bidirectionally predicted block of the current block may be generated based on the weighted sum operation between the first prediction block and the second prediction block. 5
[00253] FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a bi-directional weighted prediction method based on illumination compensation.
[00254] Referring to FIG. 16, first, it may be determined whether or not the illumination compensation 10 is performed on a reference picture S1610. Whether or not the illumination compensation is performed on the reference picture may be determined based on information signaled through a bitstream. The information may be a 1-bit flag, but is not limited 15 thereto. For example, pred_ic_comp_flag may indicate whether or not the illumination compensation is performed on the reference picture.
[00255] If it is determined that the illumination compensation is to be performed on a reference block, 20 the reference picture to which the illumination compensation is to be performed may be determined S1620. Specifically, when it is determined that the illumination compensation is performed on the reference block, it is possible to determine whether to perform 25 the illumination compensation on a reference picture L0 or to perform the illumination compensation on a reference picture L1. The determination may be performed based on information signaled through the bitstream. The information may specify either one of 30 the reference pictures. Alternatively, the information may be a plurality of 1-bit flags indicating whether or not the illumination compensation is performed on each reference picture. For example, at least one of pred_ic_comp_l0_enalbed_flag indicating whether the 35 illumination compensation is performed for the 63
reference picture L0 or pred_ic_comp_l1_enalged_flag indicating whether the illumination compensation is performed on the reference picture L1 may be signaled through the bitstream.
[00256] If the reference picture on which the 5 illumination compensation will be performed is determined, an illumination compensation parameter to be applied to the reference picture may be determined S1630. Since the determination of the illumination compensation parameter has been described in detail 10 with reference to FIG. 15, a detailed description thereof will be omitted in this embodiment.
[00257] Based on the determined illumination compensation parameter, the illumination compensation may be performed on a prediction block generated based 15 on the reference picture on which the illumination compensation is to be performed S1640. Then, the bi-directional weighted prediction for the current block may be performed using the illumination compensated prediction block S1650. 20
[00258] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of performing bi-directional weighted prediction using a prediction block to which illumination compensation is applied. In FIG. 17, it is illustrated that the illumination compensation has been 25 performed on a prediction block generated based on a reference picture L1. Accordingly, the bi-directional weighted prediction for the current block may be performed based on weighted sum of a prediction block P0 generated based on a reference picture L0 and the 30 illumination compensated prediction block (l*P1+f) generated based on the reference picture L1.
[00259] It is also possible to perform the bi-directional weighted prediction for the current block based on an illumination compensation weight used for 35 the illumination compensation. 64
[00260] As an example, based on the illumination compensation weight, a weighted prediction parameter of the current block may be derived to perform the bi-directional weighted prediction on the current block. At this time, the weighted prediction parameter w of 5 the current block may be set to the same value as the illumination compensation weight l, or may be set to (1-l). For example, when the illumination compensation based on the illumination compensation weight l is applied to the prediction block generated based on the 10 reference picture L0, the bi-directional weighted prediction for the current block may be calculated based on the following Equation 8.
[00261] [Equation 8]
15
[00262] As an example, it is also possible to perform the bi-directional weighted prediction of the current block by applying a weight determined by the weighted prediction parameter to one of the plurality of prediction blocks and applying the illumination 20 compensation weight to the other. For example, the bi-directional weighted prediction for the current block may be calculated based on Equation 9 below.
[00263] [Equation 9]
25
[00264]
[00265] Although the above-described embodiments have been described on the basis of a series of steps or flowcharts, they do not limit the time-series order of the invention, and may be performed simultaneously 30 or in different orders as necessary. Further, each of the components (for example, units, modules, etc.) 65
constituting the block diagram in the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a hardware device or software, and a plurality of components. Or a plurality of components may be combined and implemented by a single hardware device or software. The above-described 5 embodiments may be implemented in the form of program instructions that may be executed through various computer components and recorded in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium may include one of or combination of program 10 commands, data files, data structures, and the like. Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tape, optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floptical disks, media, 15 and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. The hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules for performing the process according to the present 20 invention, and vice versa.
Industrial Applicability
[00266] The present invention may be applied to electronic devices which is able to encode/decode a 25 video.
66
I/We Claim:
1. A method performed by a device for decoding a video, 5 the method comprising:
obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block;
obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and 10
obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block,
wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight 15 set,
wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and 20
wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one of a first weight 25 applied to the first prediction block and a second weight applied to the second prediction block is selected from the plurality of weight candidates included in the first weight set or the second weight set, and
wherein the selected weigh candidate is specified by index 30 information decoded from a bitstream.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the other of the first weight and the second weight is derived by subtracting the one 67
of the first weight and the second weight from the constant value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is the same as the 5 number of weight candidates included in the second weight set, and
wherein at least one weight candidate of the first weight set differs in value from a corresponding weight candidate of the second weight set. 10
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is different from the number of weight candidates included in the second weight set. 15
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being the same, the first weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation, 20 and
wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being different, the second weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation 25
7. A method performed by a device for encoding a video, the method comprising:
obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 30
obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and
obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the
68
current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block,
wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set, 5
wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and
wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 10 selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
8. A device (100) for transmitting compressed video data, comprising: 15
a processor to generate the compressed video data; and
a transmitter to transmit the compressed video data,
wherein generating the compressed video data comprises:
obtaining a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 20
obtaining a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and
obtaining a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, 25
wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set,
wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration 30 of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and
wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 69
selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
70
ABSTRACT
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING VIDEO SIGNAL
A method for decoding a video according to the present invention may comprise: decoding information 5 indicating whether illumination compensation is performed for a current block, determining an illumination compensation parameter of the current block when the information indicates that the illumination compensation is performed for the current 10 block, obtaining a prediction block by performing inter prediction for the current block, and performing the illumination compensation on the current block using the illumination compensation parameter.
15
obtaining a weighted prediction parameter of a current block, determined, based on the weighted prediction parameter, weights applying to a first prediction block generated based on a first reference 20 picture and a second prediction block generated based on a second reference picture, and obtaining, based on a weighted sum of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, a final prediction block of the current block. 25
71 , Claims:I/We Claim:
1. A method performed by a device for decoding a video, 5 the method comprising:
obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block;
obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and 10
obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block,
wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight 15 set,
wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and 20
wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one of a first weight 25 applied to the first prediction block and a second weight applied to the second prediction block is selected from the plurality of weight candidates included in the first weight set or the second weight set, and
wherein the selected weigh candidate is specified by index 30 information decoded from a bitstream.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the other of the first weight and the second weight is derived by subtracting the one 67
of the first weight and the second weight from the constant value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is the same as the 5 number of weight candidates included in the second weight set, and
wherein at least one weight candidate of the first weight set differs in value from a corresponding weight candidate of the second weight set. 10
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weight candidates included in the first weight set is different from the number of weight candidates included in the second weight set. 15
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being the same, the first weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation, 20 and
wherein in response to the temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture being different, the second weight set is used to determine the weight for the weighted sum operation 25
7. A method performed by a device for encoding a video, the method comprising:
obtaining (S920) a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 30
obtaining (S920) a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and
obtaining (S920) a weighted prediction block of the
68
current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block,
wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set, 5
wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and
wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 10 selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
8. A device (100) for transmitting compressed video data, comprising: 15
a processor to generate the compressed video data; and
a transmitter to transmit the compressed video data,
wherein generating the compressed video data comprises:
obtaining a first prediction block of a current block using a first reference picture of the current block; 20
obtaining a second prediction block of the current block using a second reference picture of the current block; and
obtaining a weighted prediction block of the current block based on a weighted sum operation of the first prediction block and the second prediction block, 25
wherein a weight for the weighted sum operation is determined based on either a first weight set or a second weight set,
wherein each of the first weight set and the second weight set comprises a plurality of weight candidates, a configuration 30 of the first weight set being different from a configuration of the second weight set, and
wherein one of the first weight and the second weight is 69
selected based on whether temporal directions of the first reference picture and the second reference picture are the same.
Documents
Application Documents
| # | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 202618047673-STATEMENT OF UNDERTAKING (FORM 3) [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 2 | 202618047673-POWER OF AUTHORITY [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 3 | 202618047673-FORM 18 [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 4 | 202618047673-FORM 1 [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 5 | 202618047673-DRAWINGS [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 6 | 202618047673-DECLARATION OF INVENTORSHIP (FORM 5) [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 7 | 202618047673-COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [14-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-14 |
| 8 | 202618047673-Proof of Right [24-04-2026(online)].pdf | 2026-04-24 |
| 9 | 202618047673-PATENT_APPLICATION_PUBLICATION.pdf | 2026-05-30 |