FORM – 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
INTEGRATED OIL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
Applicant(s):
VE COMMERCIAL VEHICLES LTD
102, INDUSTRIAL AREA 1, PITHAMPUR- 454775, DIST. DHAR, MP, INDIA
Inventors:
Vinod Kumar Singh
Fata Ram Meghwal
Hemant Rathi
Akhilesh Shukla
Sachin Agarwal
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it
is to be performed.
2
INTEGRATED OIL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR AN
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] This invention generally relates generally to engine monitoring and
protection systems for internal combustion engines. More particularly, the invention5
pertains to an integrated oil health monitoring system for an internal combustion
engine that combines oil pressure and oil temperature measurement within a single
compact sensor module.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be10
assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section.
Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the
subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been
previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section
merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also15
correspond to implementations of the claimed technology.
[0003] Conventional internal combustion engines rely heavily on effective
lubrication to ensure reliable operation, minimize wear, and prevent catastrophic
failures. However, engine lubrication conditions are influenced by multiple
interacting parameters, particularly oil pressure and oil temperature, which vary20
continuously with engine load, speed, and operating environment. Gradual
degradation of lubrication quality, changes in oil viscosity, or combined pressure-
temperature abnormalities often develop over time and may not immediately result
in extreme fault conditions. As modern engines operate at higher power densities,
longer oil drain intervals, and under stricter emission and durability requirements,25
inadequate monitoring of lubrication health may lead to excessive engine wear,
bearing damage, turbocharger failure, or even engine seizure.
[0004] Conventional engine monitoring systems typically employ separate oil
pressure switches or sensors and independent oil temperature sensors. These
systems generally operate in isolation and provide limited information, often30
detecting only severe or sudden fault conditions such as complete oil pressure loss.
3
The lack of synchronized pressure and temperature data prevents meaningful
correlation of lubrication parameters during normal operation. Additionally, the use
of multiple discrete sensors increases wiring complexity, connector count,
packaging space requirements, system cost, and the likelihood of sensor or wiring
failures, thereby reducing overall system reliability.5
[0005] Another the patent application, “US20050092283A1,” titled “Internal
combustion engine with oil temperature sensor,” describes “The invention relates to
an engine arrangement that increases the degree of freedom of the engine state
sensor while decreasing the size of the engine body. More specifically, the engine
is formed with a chamber for housing a valve train and serving dually as a return oil10
path of the lubricating oil after having lubricated the valve train. The engine includes
an oil temperature sensor partially exposed on one side of a cylinder block and an
exhaust pipe partially exposed on the opposite side of the cylinder block.”
[0006] Another patent application, "US7069141B2," titled "Method for
determining the oil temperature in an internal combustion engine," describes “The15
oil temperature in the internal combustion engine is calculated using an oil
temperature model, which draws upon at least one parameter that characterizes the
operating point of the internal combustion engine. The differential value between
the modelled temperature value of the oil temperature model and the measured
temperature value of the oil, which is measured by the oil temperature sensor, is20
included as an input variable in the oil temperature model during an iterative
calculation cycle of an oil temperature value of the oil temperature mode, said
calculation cycle directly or indirectly following the method step involving the
calculation of the differential value.”
[0007] However, no prior art discloses or suggests a compact, integrated sensing25
module that combines oil pressure and oil temperature measurement with real-time
correlation for intelligent lubrication health assessment. In particular, no prior art
teaches or enables a system that synchronously acquires pressure and temperature
data from a single integrated module and utilizes correlated analysis to detect
gradual lubrication degradation, oil viscosity variation, or combined abnormal30
operating conditions.
4
[0008] Therefore, there exists a need for integrated oil health monitoring system for
an internal combustion engine that overcomes the limitations of conventional
systems.
[0009] Therefore, there is a need for an integrated oil health monitoring system for
an internal combustion engine, that combines oil pressure and oil temperature5
measurement within a single compact sensor module.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
[0010] An objective of the present invention is to provide an integrated oil health
monitoring system for an internal combustion engine.
[0011] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a method of10
operation of integrated oil health monitoring system for an internal combustion
engine.
[0012] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to reduce wiring
complexity, connector count, packaging space, and overall system cost by
eliminating the need for multiple discrete oil pressure and oil temperature sensors.15
[0013] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to reduce wiring
complexity, connector count, packaging space, and overall system cost by
eliminating the need for multiple discrete oil pressure and oil temperature sensors.
[0014] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to enable synchronized,
real-time acquisition of oil pressure and oil temperature data for improved20
monitoring of engine lubrication conditions.
[0015] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to facilitate correlation
of oil pressure and oil temperature signals in order to detect gradual lubrication
degradation, oil viscosity variation, and combined abnormal operating conditions
that may not be detectable by conventional systems.25
[0016] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to improve early fault
detection capability beyond simple threshold-based monitoring, thereby preventing
excessive engine wear, bearing damage, turbocharger failure, and engine seizure.
[0017] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to enhance overall
engine reliability, durability, and protection, particularly in high power density30
5
engines operating under extended oil drain intervals and stringent emission
requirements.
[0018] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to reduce the
probability of sensor and wiring failures by minimizing the number of physical
sensing components and interconnections.5
[0019] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a robust and
scalable oil monitoring solution compatible with electronic engine control units
through standard analog signal outputs and analog-to-digital conversion.
[0020] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to support intelligent
engine protection strategies such as warning indication, engine derating, fault10
logging, or engine shutdown based on correlated lubrication health assessment.
SUMMARY
[0021] The present invention relates to an integrated oil health monitoring system
for an internal combustion engine.
[0022] According to an aspect, the present invention discloses an integrated oil15
health monitoring system for an internal combustion engine. Further, the system
comprises a single compact sensor module configured to be mounted in an engine
lubrication circuit. Further, the single compact sensor comprises an oil pressure
sensing element disposed within the single compact sensor module and configured
to generate an electrical pressure signal proportional to engine oil pressure. Further,20
the single compact sensor comprises an oil temperature sensing element disposed
within the single compact sensor module and configured to generate an electrical
temperature signal proportional to engine oil temperature. Further, the single
compact sensor comprises a common power supply input and a common ground
reference shared by the oil pressure sensing element and the oil temperature sensing25
element. Further, the system comprises at least one processor communicatively
coupled to single compact sensor module, configured to: receive the electrical
pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal, correlate the electrical pressure
signal and the electrical temperature signal in real time, and determine lubrication
health conditions of the engine. Further, the integration of the oil pressure sensing30
element and the oil temperature sensing element into the single compact sensor
6
module reduces wiring complexity, component count, and system failure probability
while enabling early detection of abnormal lubrication conditions.
[0023] According to another aspect, the present invention discloses a method of
operation of integrated oil health monitoring system for an internal combustion
engine. Further, the method comprises a step of generating via an oil pressure5
sensing element, an electrical pressure signal proportional to engine oil pressure.
Further, the method comprises a step of generating via an oil temperature sensing
element, an electrical temperature signal proportional to engine oil temperature.
Further, the method comprises a step of receiving via at least one processor the
electrical pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal. Further, the method10
comprises a step of correlating via the at least one processor, the received electrical
pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal in real time. Further, the method
comprises a step of determining via the at least one processor, lubrication health
conditions of the engine. Further, the integration of the oil pressure sensing element
and the oil temperature sensing element into the single compact sensor module15
reduces wiring complexity, component count, and system failure probability while
enabling early detection of abnormal lubrication conditions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments of systems,
methods, and embodiments of various other aspects of the disclosure. Any person20
with ordinary skills in the art will appreciate that the illustrated element boundaries
(e.g., boxes, groups of boxes, or other shapes) in the figures represent one example
of the boundaries. It may be that in some examples one element may be designed as
multiple elements or that multiple elements may be designed as one element. In
some examples, an element shown as an internal component of one element may be25
implemented as an external component in another, and vice versa. Furthermore,
elements may not be drawn to scale. Non-limiting and non-exhaustive descriptions
are described with reference to the following drawings. The components in the
figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating
principles.30
7
[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an integrated oil health monitoring
system for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the integrated oil health monitoring
system for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the5
present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 3 illustrates a workflow diagram of the integrated oil health monitoring
system for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 4 illustrates a workflow diagram of the integrated oil health monitoring10
system for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure; and
[0029] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart showing a method of operation of integrated
oil health monitoring system for an internal combustion engine, according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure.15
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Some embodiments of this disclosure, illustrating all its features, will now
be discussed in detail. The words “comprising,” “having,” “containing,” and
“including,” and other forms thereof, are intended to be equivalent in meaning and
be open ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant20
to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items or meant to be limited to only the
listed item or items. It must also be noted that as used herein and in the appended
claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0031] Although any systems and methods similar or equivalent to those described25
herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the present
disclosure, the preferred, systems and methods are now described. Embodiments of
the present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like elements throughout
the several figures, and in which example embodiments are shown. Embodiments30
of the claims may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not
8
be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The examples set forth
herein are non-limiting examples and are merely examples among other possible
examples.
[0032] The present invention discloses various embodiments of an integrated oil
health monitoring system for an internal combustion engine. Embodiments of the5
present invention may comprise a single compact sensor module configured to be
mounted in an engine lubrication circuit. Further, the single compact sensor may
comprise an oil pressure sensing element disposed within the single compact sensor
module and configured to generate an electrical pressure signal proportional to
engine oil pressure. Further, the single compact sensor may comprise an oil10
temperature sensing element disposed within the single compact sensor module and
configured to generate an electrical temperature signal proportional to engine oil
temperature. Further, the single compact sensor may comprise a common power
supply input and a common ground reference shared by the oil pressure sensing
element and the oil temperature sensing element.15
[0033] Embodiments of the present invention may comprise at least one processor
communicatively coupled to single compact sensor module, may be configured to:
receive the electrical pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal, correlate
the electrical pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal in real time, and
determine lubrication health conditions of the engine. Further, the integration of the20
oil pressure sensing element and the oil temperature sensing element into the single
compact sensor module reduces wiring complexity, component count, and system
failure probability while enabling early detection of abnormal lubrication
conditions.
[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an integrated oil health monitoring25
system (100) for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0035] In some embodiments, an integrated oil health monitoring system (100) for
an internal combustion engine is disclosed. Further, the integrated oil health
monitoring system (100) is configured to monitor lubrication conditions by30
simultaneously sensing multiple oil-related parameters within a single compact
9
sensing arrangement disposed in an engine lubrication path. The sensing
arrangement is configured to generate a first electrical signal representative of oil
pressure and a second electrical signal representative of oil temperature, both
referenced to a common electrical potential. The generated signals are
communicated to a processing arrangement, wherein the signals are analyzed5
individually and in combination to evaluate lubrication performance and identify
abnormal operating conditions during engine operation.
[0036] In some embodiments, the system (100) comprises a single compact sensor
module (102) configured to be mounted in an engine lubrication circuit.
[0037] In some embodiments, the single compact sensor comprises an oil pressure10
sensing element (104) disposed within the single compact sensor module (102). The
oil pressure sensing element (104) is arranged such that it is exposed to engine oil
during normal operation. When the engine is running, oil pressure acts on the oil
pressure sensing element (104), enabling it to detect changes in pressure within the
lubrication system (100).15
[0038] The oil pressure sensing element (104) is configured to generate an electrical
pressure signal that corresponds to the level of engine oil pressure. As the oil
pressure increases or decreases, the electrical pressure signal changes accordingly.
This allows the system (100) to continuously represent the actual oil pressure in an
electrical form that may be transmitted and processed.20
[0039] Further, the oil pressure sensing element (104) includes a pressure-to-
voltage conversion circuit. The pressure-to-voltage conversion circuit converts the
detected oil pressure into a voltage signal that varies in a linear manner with the
measured oil pressure. The linear voltage output simplifies signal interpretation and
enables accurate monitoring of oil pressure across the normal operating range of the25
engine.
[0040] In some embodiments, the single compact sensor module (102) comprises
an oil temperature sensing element (106) disposed within the single compact sensor
module (102). The oil temperature sensing element (106) is positioned so that it is
in thermal contact with the engine oil during operation, allowing it to sense changes30
in oil temperature as the engine runs under different conditions.
10
[0041] The oil temperature sensing element (106) is configured to generate an
electrical temperature signal that varies in response to changes in engine oil
temperature. As the oil temperature rises or falls, the electrical temperature signal
changes proportionally, thereby providing a continuous electrical representation of
the oil temperature within the lubrication system (100).5
[0042] Further, the oil temperature sensing element (106) includes a temperature-
sensitive element configured to output an analog voltage signal corresponding to oil
temperature. The analog voltage signal varies in a predictable manner with
temperature, enabling accurate monitoring and processing of oil temperature over
the engine’s normal operating range.10
[0043] In some embodiments, a common power supply input (108) and a common
ground reference are shared by the oil pressure sensing element (104) and the oil
temperature sensing element (106) within the single compact sensor module (102).
The common power supply input (108) provides operating voltage to both sensing
elements, while the common ground reference ensures a stable electrical reference15
for signal generation. By using a common power and ground arrangement, the
system (100) reduces the number of electrical connections and simplifies wiring
architecture. The shared configuration improves signal consistency, minimizes
electrical noise and reference drift, and enhances overall reliability of the integrated
oil health monitoring system (100) while supporting synchronized sensing of oil20
pressure and oil temperature during engine operation.
[0044] In some embodiments, the system (100) at least one processor (110).
Further, the at least one processor (110) may comprise a memory. Further, the at
least one processor (110) is operationally coupled to the single compact sensor
module (102) and the memory. In some embodiments, the at least one processor25
(110) may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that are operable to
execute one or more computer readable instructions stored in the memory to
perform predetermined operations. In one embodiment, the at least one processor
(110) is configured to decode the one or more instructions and execute the one or
more instructions that are stored within the memory. The at least one processor (110)30
is configured to execute the one or more computer readable instructions, such as
11
program instructions to carry out any of the functions described in this description.
Further, the at least one processor (110) is implemented using one or more processor
technologies known in the art such as central processing unit (CPU), field-
programmable gate array (FPGA), digital signal processors (DSP), etc. Examples
of the at least one processor (110) may comprise at least one of one or more general5
purpose processors and/or one or more special purpose processors that is designed
to handle the system (100).
[0045] In some embodiments, the memory is configured to store the one or more
computer readable instructions and data executed by the at least one processor (110).
Further, the memory may include the one or more computer readable instructions10
that are executable by the at least one processor (110) to perform specific operations.
The memory is configured to include the instructions to receive the one or more
signals having the present reference value. Further, the memory is configured to
include the instructions to generate, based at least on the one or more signals
received, the alert signal. The memory is configured to store the one or more15
computer readable instructions. It is apparent to a person with ordinary skill in the
art that the one or more computer readable instructions stored in the memory enable
the hardware of the system (100) to perform the predetermined operations. Some of
the commonly known memory implementations include, but are not limited to, fixed
(hard) drives, magnetic tape, floppy diskettes, optical disks, Compact Disc Read-20
Only Memories (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, semiconductor memories,
such as ROMs, Random Access Memories (RAMs), Programmable Read-Only
Memories (PROMs), Erasable PROMs (EPROMs), Electrically Erasable PROMs
(EEPROMs), flash memory, magnetic or optical cards, or other type of
media/machine-readable medium suitable for storing electronic instruction.25
[0046] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110), when executing the
one or more computer readable instructions, is configured to receive the electrical
pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal generated by the single compact
sensor module (102). The received signals represent current operating conditions of
the engine lubrication system (100) and are acquired in real time. The at least one30
processor (110) uses these signals as input data for further processing, analysis, and
12
correlation to assess lubrication behavior, detect abnormal operating conditions, and
support engine protection and monitoring functions during engine operation.
[0047] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110), when executing the
one or more computer readable instructions, is configured to correlate the electrical
pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal in real time. The correlation is5
performed by evaluating the relationship between the pressure signal and the
temperature signal as the engine operates under varying conditions. By analyzing
the combined behavior of both signals simultaneously, the at least one processor
(110) is able to identify deviations from expected lubrication characteristics,
enabling improved assessment of lubrication performance and early detection of10
abnormal operating conditions within the engine lubrication system (100).
[0048] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110), when executing the
one or more computer readable instructions, is configured to determine lubrication
health conditions of the engine based on analysis of the received electrical signals.
The at least one processor (110) evaluates operating trends, signal relationships, and15
deviations from expected lubrication behavior to assess the condition of the engine
lubrication system (100). Based on this determination, the at least one processor
(110) is capable of identifying normal lubrication operation as well as degraded or
abnormal lubrication conditions, thereby supporting timely monitoring and engine
protection functions.20
[0049] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110), when executing the
one or more computer readable instructions, is configured to transmit the lubrication
health conditions on an ECU (112) of the vehicle, enabling real-time diagnostics,
maintenance alerts, or adaptive control of engine or drivetrain systems based on the
lubrication status. This allows the vehicle to maintain optimal performance, prevent25
engine damage, and support predictive maintenance strategies.
[0050] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110) comprises an analog-
to-digital conversion block configured to convert the electrical pressure signal and
the electrical temperature signal into corresponding digital values. The conversion
enables the electrical signals to be represented in a digital format suitable for further30
processing, storage, and analysis. The digital values are used during engine
13
operation to support monitoring, control, and diagnostic functions related to
lubrication health.
[0051] Further, in some embodiments, the at least one processor (110) further
includes signal-conditioning circuitry comprising at least one resistor network
configured to scale, stabilize, or filter the pressure signal and the temperature signal5
prior to analog-to-digital conversion. The signal-conditioning circuitry improves
signal quality by reducing noise, matching signal levels to the input range of the
analog-to-digital conversion block, and ensuring stable and accurate digital
representation of the pressure and temperature measurements.
[0052] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110) is further configured10
to detect gradual lubrication degradation by analysing correlated pressure-
temperature behavior over time. Instead of relying solely on fixed threshold-based
fault detection, the processor evaluates changes, trends, and patterns in the
relationship between pressure and temperature signals during engine operation. The
time-based and correlated analysis allows early identification of slowly developing15
lubrication issues that may not immediately trigger conventional fault limits,
thereby enabling proactive monitoring and improved protection of the engine
lubrication system.
[0053] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110) is configured to
identify abnormal lubrication conditions during normal engine operation. The at20
least one processor (110) evaluates variations in oil viscosity, combined pressure–
temperature anomalies, and indications of insufficient lubrication by analyzing the
received electrical signals and their interrelationship. By assessing these conditions
under normal operating ranges, the at least one processor (110) is able to detect
lubrication abnormalities that may not produce immediate fault indications, thereby25
supporting timely intervention and improved engine protection.
[0054] In some embodiments, the at least one processor (110) is further configured
to initiate one or more protective actions upon detecting an abnormal lubrication
condition. These actions may include engine derating to reduce operating stress,
activating a warning indication to alert the operator, generating a fault code for30
diagnostic purposes, or shutting down the engine to prevent damage. By performing
14
such protective measures in response to detected oil pressure, temperature, or
combined anomalies, the system (100) prevents excessive wear, bearing damage,
and other engine failures. This functionality enhances overall engine reliability,
ensures timely intervention, and improves protection of critical engine components
during normal and adverse operating conditions.5
[0055] In some embodiments, the integration of the oil pressure sensing element
(104) and the oil temperature sensing element (106) into the single compact sensor
module (102) significantly reduces wiring complexity and the total number of
components required for engine lubrication monitoring. By combining both sensing
elements within a single housing, the need for multiple discrete sensors, separate10
wiring harnesses, and additional connectors is eliminated. This simplification not
only lowers installation and manufacturing costs but also reduces potential points
of failure associated with loose connections, wiring damage, or component
malfunction. As a result, the overall reliability and maintainability of the monitoring
system (100) are improved.15
[0056] Further, the single compact sensor module (102) enables early detection of
abnormal lubrication conditions by providing synchronized, real-time data on both
oil pressure and oil temperature. The at least processor (110) may analyse the
correlated signals to identify gradual lubrication degradation, variations in oil
viscosity, or combined pressure–temperature anomalies before they escalate into20
severe engine faults. This proactive monitoring allows timely protective actions,
such as engine derating, warning alerts, or shutdown, enhancing engine durability,
preventing damage to critical components, and ensuring safe operation under both
normal and adverse conditions.
[0057] In an example embodiment, the oil pressure sensing element (104)25
comprises a supply voltage line (A55/SSV1) that powers the single compact sensor
module (102), an analog signal line (A7/I_AX1) that transmits the measured oil
pressure to the ECU (112), and a common ground line (A15/S_R_GND) completing
the sensor circuit. Within the sensor block, a pressure-to-voltage conversion element
(P/V) converts the mechanical oil pressure into a proportional electrical voltage30
(VP). The sensing element receives a +5 VDC supply (Vcc) and references the
15
common ground (GND) for accurate signal generation. Prior to digitization, the
analog pressure signal passes through resistors for signal conditioning, such as
scaling or stabilizing, and is then converted to a digital value by the ECU’s analog-
to-digital converter, enabling precise real-time monitoring of engine oil pressure.
[0058] Similarly, the oil pressure sensing element (104) includes an analog input5
line (A61/I_AX3) and shares the common sensor ground (A15/S_R_GND) with the
pressure sensor. The oil temperature sensing element (106) converts the oil
temperature into a corresponding analog voltage (VT), which is also conditioned
through resistors and then digitized by the A/D converter in the ECU (112). At the
system (100) level, both the pressure and temperature signals are routed to the ECU10
(112) using separate signal lines but a shared ground, highlighting a conventional
dual-sensor setup. In contrast, the proposed invention replaces these separate
circuits with a single compact sensor module (102), combining oil pressure and
temperature sensing into one compact unit. This integration reduces wiring
complexity, minimizes connector points, lowers the risk of system (100) failures,15
and simplifies overall engine lubrication health monitoring.
[0059] FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the integrated oil health monitoring
system (100) for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0060] The FIG. 2 illustrates the integrated oil health monitoring system (100) for20
internal combustion engines. The single compact sensor comprises the oil pressure
sensing element (104) and the oil temperature sensing element (106) within a single
compact sensor module (102). The engine oil flows through the single compact
sensor module (102), allowing the sensing elements to generate an electrical
pressure signal and an electrical temperature signal proportional to the oil25
conditions. These signals are transmitted via electrical connections to the engine
control module (ECM), where they are processed. The system (100) enables real-
time monitoring and correlation of oil pressure and temperature, reducing wiring
complexity, component count, and improving early detection of abnormal
lubrication conditions.30
16
[0061] FIG. 3 illustrates a workflow diagram of the integrated oil health monitoring
system (100) for an internal combustion engine, according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 3 illustrates a workflow diagram of the integrated oil health monitoring
system (100) for the internal combustion engine as described in the claims. The5
system (100) includes the single compact sensor module (102) labeled as
"Integrated Sensor," which houses both the oil pressure sensing element (104) and
the oil temperature sensing element (106). The integrated sensor is connected to the
engine via a wiring harness and receives a common power supply input (108) (VCC)
and a common ground reference (GND). The single compact sensor module (102)10
generates analog electrical signals-VT corresponding to oil temperature and VP
corresponding to oil pressure-which are transmitted to an analog-to-digital (A/D)
conversion block for digital signal processing.
[0063] The digital signals from the A/D block are then communicated to the engine
management system (EMS), which functions as the at least one processor (110).15
Within the EMS, the received signals undergo data processing, where the correlation
of oil pressure and oil temperature is analyzed in real time to determine the
lubrication health conditions of the engine. This processing allows the system (100)
to detect abnormal lubrication conditions, initiate protective actions, and improve
overall engine reliability and durability.20
[0064] FIG. 4 illustrates a graphical representation (400) of engine oil and
lubrication parameters plotted against AVL independent time (65-105 seconds),
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0065] The FIG. 4 shows engine oil and lubrication parameters plotted against AVL
independent time (65-105 seconds). Engine speed (orange line) gradually decreases25
from about 3017 rpm to 2990 rpm, while test bed oil pressure (light blue) remains
around 3.61 bar and EMS-measured oil pressure (dark green) slightly decreases
from 4.02 bar to 3.98 bar, indicating stable oil pressure with minor reduction over
time. The test bed oil sump temperature (dark blue) slightly declines from 124.28°C,
and EMS oil temperature (green) drops marginally from 105.95°C, showing30
consistent thermal conditions. Overall, the graph indicates that both oil pressure and
17
temperature remain stable during the measurement period, with minor decreases
corresponding to the slight reduction in engine speed, demonstrating reliable sensor
readings and consistent engine lubrication health.
[0066] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart showing a method (500) of operation of
integrated oil health monitoring system (100) for an internal combustion engine,5
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0067] In some embodiments, a method (500) of operation of integrated oil health
monitoring system (100) for an internal combustion engine is disclosed.
[0068] In some embodiments, the method (500) comprises a step (502) of
generating via an oil pressure sensing element (104), an electrical pressure signal10
proportional to engine oil pressure. In this step (502), the system (100) generates an
electrical signal using an oil pressure sensing element (104) that is directly
proportional to the engine’s oil pressure. The single compact sensor module (102),
which may be a piezoelectric, strain gauge, or MEMS-based device, is installed
within the engine’s lubrication circuit to measure the mechanical pressure of the15
circulating oil. As the oil pressure changes, the single compact sensor module (102)
converts these mechanical variations into an electrical signal-typically a voltage that
increases or decreases in proportion to the pressure. This electrical pressure signal
provides a real-time representation of the engine’s lubrication pressure and serves
as a critical input for the processor to monitor and assess the engine’s lubrication20
health.
[0069] In some embodiments, the method (500) comprises a step (504) of
generating via an oil temperature sensing element (106), an electrical temperature
signal proportional to engine oil temperature. In this step (504), the system (100)
generates an electrical signal using an oil temperature sensing element (106) that is25
directly proportional to the engine’s oil temperature. The single compact sensor
module (102), which may be a thermistor, RTD (resistance temperature detector),
or another temperature-sensitive device, is positioned within the engine’s
lubrication circuit to accurately measure the oil’s thermal state. As the oil
temperature changes during engine operation, the single compact sensor module30
(102) converts these temperature variations into an electrical signal-commonly an
18
analog voltage or resistance change-that corresponds proportionally to the measured
temperature. This electrical temperature signal provides a real-time representation
of the engine’s oil temperature and serves as a key input for the processor to assess
lubrication health and detect abnormal thermal conditions in the engine.
[0070] In some embodiments, the method (500) comprises a step (506) of receiving5
via at least one processor (110) the electrical pressure signal and the electrical
temperature signal. In this step (506), the system (100) involves the at least one
processor (110) receiving the electrical signals generated by both the oil pressure
and oil temperature sensing element (106). The at least one processor (110), which
may be part of the vehicle’s ECU (112) or a dedicated processing unit, collects the10
real-time voltage signals that represent the engine’s oil pressure and temperature.
By receiving these signals, the at least one processor (110) gains immediate access
to the current lubrication conditions, allowing it to perform further analysis, such as
correlating pressure and temperature data, detecting abnormal behavior, and
assessing overall engine lubrication health. This step (506) is essential because it15
transforms the raw sensor outputs into actionable data for monitoring and decision-
making.
[0071] In some embodiments, the method (500) comprises a step (508) of
correlating via the at least one processor (110), the received electrical pressure
signal and the electrical temperature signal in real time.20
[0072] In this step (508), the at least one processor (110) correlates the received
electrical pressure and temperature signals in real time. This means at least one
processor (110) analyses how the oil pressure and oil temperature vary together
during engine operation, rather than considering each parameter in isolation. By
examining the relationship between pressure and temperature, the system (100) may25
detect subtle signs of abnormal lubrication conditions, such as changes in oil
viscosity, early wear, or insufficient lubrication. Real-time correlation enables the
at least one processor (110) to continuously monitor the engine’s lubrication health,
providing a dynamic assessment that goes beyond simple threshold checks and
allows for early detection of potential issues before they cause damage.30
19
[0073] In some embodiments, the method (500) comprises a step (510) of
determining via the at least one processor (110), lubrication health conditions of the
engine. In this step (510), the at least one processor (110) determines the lubrication
health of the engine based on the correlated electrical pressure and temperature
signals. Using the real-time data, the processor assesses whether the oil is providing5
adequate lubrication under current operating conditions. This evaluation may
identify issues such as abnormal oil viscosity, insufficient lubrication, or combined
pressure-temperature anomalies that may indicate early signs of engine wear or
potential failure. By determining the lubrication health, the system (100) provides
actionable insights that may trigger protective measures or maintenance actions,10
helping to ensure engine reliability, prevent damage, and extend the engine’s
operational life.
[0074] In some embodiments, the method (500) comprises a step (512) of
transmitting the lubrication health conditions on an ECU (112) of the vehicle. In this
step (512), the system (100) transmits the determined lubrication health conditions15
from the at least one processor (110) to the vehicle’s electronic control unit (ECU)
(112). By sending this information, the ECU (112) receives real-time updates on the
engine’s lubrication status, enabling it to take appropriate actions if abnormal
conditions are detected. These actions may include issuing warnings to the driver,
generating fault codes, derating engine performance, or even initiating protective20
shutdowns. This step (512) ensures that the insights gathered from the single
compact sensor module (102) data are effectively communicated within the
vehicle’s control system (100), allowing for proactive monitoring and protection of
the engine.
[0075] Further, the integration of the oil pressure sensing element (104) and the oil25
temperature sensing element (106) into the single compact sensor module (102)
reduces wiring complexity, component count, and system (100) failure probability
while enabling early detection of abnormal lubrication conditions.
[0076] It has thus been seen the system (100) for the vehicle, as described. The
system (100) in any case could undergo numerous modifications and variants, all of30
which are covered by the same innovative concept; moreover, all of the details can
20
be replaced by technically equivalent elements. In practice, the components used,
as well as the numbers, shapes, and sizes of the components can be whatever
according to the technical requirements. The scope of protection of the invention is
therefore defined by the attached claims.

CLAIMS

1. An integrated oil health monitoring system (100) for an internal
combustion engine, comprising:
a single compact sensor module (102) configured to be mounted in an5
engine lubrication circuit, wherein the single compact sensor comprises:
an oil pressure sensing element (104) disposed within the single
compact sensor module (102) and configured to generate an electrical
pressure signal proportional to engine oil pressure;
an oil temperature sensing element (106) disposed within the10
single compact sensor module (102) and configured to generate an
electrical temperature signal proportional to engine oil temperature;
a common power supply input (108) and a common ground
reference shared by the oil pressure sensing element (104) and the oil
temperature sensing element (106); and15
at least one processor (110) communicatively coupled to single compact
sensor module (102), configured to:
receive the electrical pressure signal and the electrical
temperature signal,
correlate the electrical pressure signal and the electrical20
temperature signal in real time, and
determine lubrication health conditions of the engine,
transmit the lubrication health conditions on an ECU (112) of
the vehicle,
wherein the integration of the oil pressure sensing element (104) and the25
oil temperature sensing element (106) into the single compact sensor
module (102) reduces wiring complexity, component count, and system
(100) failure probability while enabling early detection of abnormal
lubrication conditions.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil pressure sensing
element (104) includes a pressure-to-voltage conversion circuit configured
to output a voltage signal linearly proportional to measured oil pressure.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil temperature sensing
element (106) includes a temperature-sensitive element configured to output5
an analog voltage signal corresponding to oil temperature.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one processor
(110) comprises an analog-to-digital conversion block configured to convert
the electrical pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal into
digital values for engine control processing.10
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one processor
(110) further includes signal-conditioning circuitry comprising at least one
resistor network configured to scale, stabilize, or filter the pressure and
temperature signals prior to analog-to-digital conversion.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one processor15
(110) is further configured to detect gradual lubrication degradation by
analysing correlated pressure–temperature behavior over time rather than
detecting only threshold-based fault conditions.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one processor
(110) is configured to identify abnormal lubrication conditions including oil20
viscosity variation, combined pressure-temperature anomalies, or
insufficient lubrication during normal engine operation.
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one processor
(110) is further configured to initiate at least one protective action selected
from the group consisting of engine derating, warning indication, fault code25
generation, or engine shutdown when an abnormal lubrication condition is
detected.
9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single compact sensor
module (102) and correlated pressure-temperature monitoring improve
engine reliability and durability by preventing excessive engine wear,30
bearing damage, turbocharger failure, or engine seizure.
10. A method (500) of operation of integrated oil health monitoring system
(100) for an internal combustion engine, comprising steps of:
generating via an oil pressure sensing element (104), an electrical
pressure signal proportional to engine oil pressure;
generating via an oil temperature sensing element (106), an5
electrical temperature signal proportional to engine oil temperature;
receiving via at least one processor (110) the electrical pressure
signal and the electrical temperature signal;
correlating via the at least one processor (110), the received
electrical pressure signal and the electrical temperature signal in real10
time; and
determining via the at least one processor (110), lubrication
health conditions of the engine;
transmitting the lubrication health conditions on an ECU (112)
of the vehicle,15
wherein the integration of the oil pressure sensing element (104)
and the oil temperature sensing element (106) into the single compact
sensor module (102) reduces wiring complexity, component count, and
system (100) failure probability while enabling early detection of
abnormal lubrication conditions.